Ecoer Logo
VOTING POWER100.00%
DOWNVOTE POWER100.00%
RESOURCE CREDITS100.00%
REPUTATION PROGRESS45.63%
Net Worth
0.573USD
STEEM
0.000STEEM
SBD
1.068SBD
Effective Power
5.001SP
├── Own SP
0.868SP
└── Incoming Deleg
+4.133SP

Detailed Balance

STEEM
balance
0.000STEEM
market_balance
0.000STEEM
savings_balance
0.000STEEM
reward_steem_balance
0.000STEEM
STEEM POWER
Own SP
0.868SP
Delegated Out
0.000SP
Delegation In
4.133SP
Effective Power
5.001SP
Reward SP (pending)
0.007SP
SBD
sbd_balance
1.039SBD
sbd_conversions
0.000SBD
sbd_market_balance
0.000SBD
savings_sbd_balance
0.000SBD
reward_sbd_balance
0.029SBD
{
  "balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "vesting_shares": "1413.576236 VESTS",
  "delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "received_vesting_shares": "6730.083570 VESTS",
  "sbd_balance": "1.039 SBD",
  "savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "reward_sbd_balance": "0.029 SBD",
  "conversions": []
}

Account Info

namejropt
id552920
rank1,390,133
reputation4038783404
created2018-01-03T10:17:57
recovery_accountsteem
proxyNone
post_count27
comment_count0
lifetime_vote_count0
witnesses_voted_for0
last_post2018-02-16T00:14:12
last_root_post2018-02-16T00:14:12
last_vote_time2018-02-04T21:35:27
proxied_vsf_votes0, 0, 0, 0
can_vote1
voting_power0
delayed_votes0
balance0.000 STEEM
savings_balance0.000 STEEM
sbd_balance1.039 SBD
savings_sbd_balance0.000 SBD
vesting_shares1413.576236 VESTS
delegated_vesting_shares0.000000 VESTS
received_vesting_shares6730.083570 VESTS
reward_vesting_balance14.310349 VESTS
vesting_balance0.000 STEEM
vesting_withdraw_rate0.000000 VESTS
next_vesting_withdrawal1969-12-31T23:59:59
withdrawn0
to_withdraw0
withdraw_routes0
savings_withdraw_requests0
last_account_recovery1970-01-01T00:00:00
reset_accountnull
last_owner_update1970-01-01T00:00:00
last_account_update2018-01-03T23:08:54
minedNo
sbd_seconds1,977,070,923
sbd_last_interest_payment2018-01-12T00:11:48
savings_sbd_last_interest_payment1970-01-01T00:00:00
{
  "id": 552920,
  "name": "jropt",
  "owner": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM8chnhCyDHbqE4VvosYp8yrBUpLjBc4vsnEyL5NBMr8t6jKDnVM",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "active": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM5CPUSrnL4sSwpMNwkFTtF1DpSqvcwtD2gbT4ebxc6B5d1qp148",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "posting": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM6G8LtxdS3HEBL2fyi7xXPHi9DD4pRJXk58sJmaZBQH66cywiBx",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "memo_key": "STM6eUFCEEpiUgy73cMrnoh4RwEnRNR4TFFZBHmACNToxayiw7Vx8",
  "json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"cover_image\":\"http://www.theartwolf.com/services/wallpapers/bierstadt-sierra-1280-800.jpg\",\"name\":\"JROPT\",\"profile_image\":\"http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8NXPLlYMFXA/TUeU02LxgRI/AAAAAAAAAQc/LWmKxByczI4/s640/orion.jpg\"}}",
  "posting_json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"cover_image\":\"http://www.theartwolf.com/services/wallpapers/bierstadt-sierra-1280-800.jpg\",\"name\":\"JROPT\",\"profile_image\":\"http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8NXPLlYMFXA/TUeU02LxgRI/AAAAAAAAAQc/LWmKxByczI4/s640/orion.jpg\"}}",
  "proxy": "",
  "last_owner_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "last_account_update": "2018-01-03T23:08:54",
  "created": "2018-01-03T10:17:57",
  "mined": false,
  "recovery_account": "steem",
  "last_account_recovery": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "reset_account": "null",
  "comment_count": 0,
  "lifetime_vote_count": 0,
  "post_count": 27,
  "can_vote": true,
  "voting_manabar": {
    "current_mana": "8143659806",
    "last_update_time": 1779070062
  },
  "downvote_manabar": {
    "current_mana": 2035914951,
    "last_update_time": 1779070062
  },
  "voting_power": 0,
  "balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "sbd_balance": "1.039 SBD",
  "sbd_seconds": "1977070923",
  "sbd_seconds_last_update": "2018-02-04T21:20:09",
  "sbd_last_interest_payment": "2018-01-12T00:11:48",
  "savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "savings_sbd_seconds": "0",
  "savings_sbd_seconds_last_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_withdraw_requests": 0,
  "reward_sbd_balance": "0.029 SBD",
  "reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reward_vesting_balance": "14.310349 VESTS",
  "reward_vesting_steem": "0.007 STEEM",
  "vesting_shares": "1413.576236 VESTS",
  "delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "received_vesting_shares": "6730.083570 VESTS",
  "vesting_withdraw_rate": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "next_vesting_withdrawal": "1969-12-31T23:59:59",
  "withdrawn": 0,
  "to_withdraw": 0,
  "withdraw_routes": 0,
  "curation_rewards": 1,
  "posting_rewards": 389,
  "proxied_vsf_votes": [
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0
  ],
  "witnesses_voted_for": 0,
  "last_post": "2018-02-16T00:14:12",
  "last_root_post": "2018-02-16T00:14:12",
  "last_vote_time": "2018-02-04T21:35:27",
  "post_bandwidth": 0,
  "pending_claimed_accounts": 0,
  "vesting_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reputation": 4038783404,
  "transfer_history": [],
  "market_history": [],
  "post_history": [],
  "vote_history": [],
  "other_history": [],
  "witness_votes": [],
  "tags_usage": [],
  "guest_bloggers": [],
  "rank": 1390133
}

Withdraw Routes

IncomingOutgoing
Empty
Empty
{
  "incoming": [],
  "outgoing": []
}
From Date
To Date
steemdelegated 4.133 SP to @jropt
2026/05/18 02:07:42
delegatorsteem
delegateejropt
vesting shares6730.083570 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #106145687/Trx 00cd8ca71fd5ec9f9586a69fa5c9645a6a234972
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "00cd8ca71fd5ec9f9586a69fa5c9645a6a234972",
  "block": 106145687,
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-05-18T02:07:42",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jropt",
      "vesting_shares": "6730.083570 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 2.467 SP to @jropt
2026/05/12 11:25:57
delegatorsteem
delegateejropt
vesting shares4017.873165 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #105984803/Trx a4112bf5f179726a935ab53adb4b3cfc661825b5
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "a4112bf5f179726a935ab53adb4b3cfc661825b5",
  "block": 105984803,
  "trx_in_block": 8,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-05-12T11:25:57",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jropt",
      "vesting_shares": "4017.873165 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 4.141 SP to @jropt
2026/04/26 01:25:36
delegatorsteem
delegateejropt
vesting shares6742.599326 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #105513283/Trx 5cbe9d27d7fdc38f22c7757cf6d3e3802b9acf8c
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "5cbe9d27d7fdc38f22c7757cf6d3e3802b9acf8c",
  "block": 105513283,
  "trx_in_block": 3,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-04-26T01:25:36",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jropt",
      "vesting_shares": "6742.599326 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 2.493 SP to @jropt
2026/01/23 12:49:45
delegatorsteem
delegateejropt
vesting shares4059.419984 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #102857837/Trx 756f5175ee7cf4292daa23273476aca045783a94
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "756f5175ee7cf4292daa23273476aca045783a94",
  "block": 102857837,
  "trx_in_block": 3,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-01-23T12:49:45",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jropt",
      "vesting_shares": "4059.419984 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 2.594 SP to @jropt
2024/12/17 08:06:03
delegatorsteem
delegateejropt
vesting shares4223.639181 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #91304177/Trx 9ae770997856ef3023543bdc4869690194234d14
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "9ae770997856ef3023543bdc4869690194234d14",
  "block": 91304177,
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2024-12-17T08:06:03",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jropt",
      "vesting_shares": "4223.639181 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 2.698 SP to @jropt
2023/11/13 23:48:00
delegatorsteem
delegateejropt
vesting shares4392.772713 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #79858360/Trx 352a8e1ec917a2373f88d73597cd7e63aeb54b12
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "352a8e1ec917a2373f88d73597cd7e63aeb54b12",
  "block": 79858360,
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2023-11-13T23:48:00",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jropt",
      "vesting_shares": "4392.772713 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 4.501 SP to @jropt
2023/09/22 00:02:18
delegatorsteem
delegateejropt
vesting shares7330.051499 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #78350472/Trx 23671a039ebe3f27c7c94865a74e08efe4488caf
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "23671a039ebe3f27c7c94865a74e08efe4488caf",
  "block": 78350472,
  "trx_in_block": 5,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2023-09-22T00:02:18",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jropt",
      "vesting_shares": "7330.051499 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 4.637 SP to @jropt
2022/11/03 13:33:12
delegatorsteem
delegateejropt
vesting shares7551.732937 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #69115468/Trx 4a2bc6ef7d26e186c5d0e8b91b45dbfc58643452
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "4a2bc6ef7d26e186c5d0e8b91b45dbfc58643452",
  "block": 69115468,
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2022-11-03T13:33:12",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jropt",
      "vesting_shares": "7551.732937 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 4.773 SP to @jropt
2022/01/17 16:55:33
delegatorsteem
delegateejropt
vesting shares7771.968073 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #60816542/Trx 63c7bdf4779601851a3b378f34ead3258126c106
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "63c7bdf4779601851a3b378f34ead3258126c106",
  "block": 60816542,
  "trx_in_block": 20,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2022-01-17T16:55:33",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jropt",
      "vesting_shares": "7771.968073 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 4.886 SP to @jropt
2021/06/14 02:30:27
delegatorsteem
delegateejropt
vesting shares7956.034826 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #54609742/Trx 494e7e8150128e28fa143747b06c6ad3d1382db3
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "494e7e8150128e28fa143747b06c6ad3d1382db3",
  "block": 54609742,
  "trx_in_block": 11,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2021-06-14T02:30:27",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jropt",
      "vesting_shares": "7956.034826 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 5.001 SP to @jropt
2020/12/11 12:47:03
delegatorsteem
delegateejropt
vesting shares8143.456800 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #49357136/Trx f7dd9359de8a09faa924c6fec55e40e3d5685f3b
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "f7dd9359de8a09faa924c6fec55e40e3d5685f3b",
  "block": 49357136,
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-12-11T12:47:03",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jropt",
      "vesting_shares": "8143.456800 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 1.174 SP to @jropt
2020/12/06 06:23:42
delegatorsteem
delegateejropt
vesting shares1912.543513 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #49208687/Trx a2ada8a2fd4d3df087c05fa09bfc74406a54f2c4
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "a2ada8a2fd4d3df087c05fa09bfc74406a54f2c4",
  "block": 49208687,
  "trx_in_block": 3,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-12-06T06:23:42",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jropt",
      "vesting_shares": "1912.543513 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 5.005 SP to @jropt
2020/12/05 16:25:09
delegatorsteem
delegateejropt
vesting shares8149.664654 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #49192232/Trx 7aaeef342ef79adb402caf5e9cc4096d47a5809d
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "7aaeef342ef79adb402caf5e9cc4096d47a5809d",
  "block": 49192232,
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-12-05T16:25:09",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jropt",
      "vesting_shares": "8149.664654 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 1.179 SP to @jropt
2020/11/02 19:02:39
delegatorsteem
delegateejropt
vesting shares1920.017158 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #48261814/Trx 523928a59e93ed3ffb27e46c9fdd1ae31deb8dbf
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "523928a59e93ed3ffb27e46c9fdd1ae31deb8dbf",
  "block": 48261814,
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-11-02T19:02:39",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jropt",
      "vesting_shares": "1920.017158 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 5.129 SP to @jropt
2020/05/09 07:22:57
delegatorsteem
delegateejropt
vesting shares8352.470013 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #43218962/Trx 39fd99e98ef1106a1b1c381ce815754554d69f75
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "39fd99e98ef1106a1b1c381ce815754554d69f75",
  "block": 43218962,
  "trx_in_block": 19,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-09T07:22:57",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jropt",
      "vesting_shares": "8352.470013 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 1.200 SP to @jropt
2020/05/08 11:14:06
delegatorsteem
delegateejropt
vesting shares1953.311140 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #43195350/Trx c3c7bfa1cb8118b6751d199dfaec0377039470c6
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "c3c7bfa1cb8118b6751d199dfaec0377039470c6",
  "block": 43195350,
  "trx_in_block": 3,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-08T11:14:06",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jropt",
      "vesting_shares": "1953.311140 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 5.137 SP to @jropt
2020/04/17 15:20:42
delegatorsteem
delegateejropt
vesting shares8364.498187 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #42611039/Trx 7bb6b75cf42aafb810a83f2769bb8c06eb49d95d
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "7bb6b75cf42aafb810a83f2769bb8c06eb49d95d",
  "block": 42611039,
  "trx_in_block": 17,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-04-17T15:20:42",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jropt",
      "vesting_shares": "8364.498187 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
2020/01/03 11:47:21
parent authorjropt
parent permlinkdo-you-know-the-tonina-or-amazon-dolphin
authorsteemitboard
permlinksteemitboard-notify-jropt-20200103t114720000z
title
bodyCongratulations @jropt! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@jropt/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table> <sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@jropt) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=jropt)_</sub> ###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!
json metadata{"image":["https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png"]}
Transaction InfoBlock #39603943/Trx 7ce81e810499b5028cb3039ca59061d50c317d32
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "7ce81e810499b5028cb3039ca59061d50c317d32",
  "block": 39603943,
  "trx_in_block": 5,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-01-03T11:47:21",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "jropt",
      "parent_permlink": "do-you-know-the-tonina-or-amazon-dolphin",
      "author": "steemitboard",
      "permlink": "steemitboard-notify-jropt-20200103t114720000z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Congratulations @jropt! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@jropt/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@jropt) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=jropt)_</sub>\n\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
      "json_metadata": "{\"image\":[\"https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png\"]}"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 5.257 SP to @jropt
2019/05/14 05:59:06
delegatorsteem
delegateejropt
vesting shares8560.079934 VESTS
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2019/01/03 11:45:03
parent authorjropt
parent permlinkdo-you-know-the-tonina-or-amazon-dolphin
authorsteemitboard
permlinksteemitboard-notify-jropt-20190103t114502000z
title
bodyCongratulations @jropt! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@jropt/birthday1.png</td><td>1 Year on Steemit</td></tr></table> <sub>_[Click here to view your Board](https://steemitboard.com/@jropt)_</sub> > Support [SteemitBoard's project](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)! **[Vote for its witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1)** and **get one more award**!
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2018/11/04 07:17:57
votertheoceanofjera
authorjropt
permlinkla-psicologia-de-la-educacion-como-disciplina-puente-en-la-educacion
weight10000 (100.00%)
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steemdelegated 5.379 SP to @jropt
2018/05/18 19:50:21
delegatorsteem
delegateejropt
vesting shares8759.597072 VESTS
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2018/03/25 16:03:39
parent authorjropt
parent permlinkdo-you-know-the-tonina-or-amazon-dolphin
authorupv0t3
permlinkre-jropt-do-you-know-the-tonina-or-amazon-dolphin-1521993819814t369930d9-1db8-455d-a628-a27d5b5b61b8uid
title
bodyHola @jropt, upv0t3 Este es un servicio <b>gratuito</b> para nuevos usuarios de steemit, para apoyarlos y motivarlos a seguir generando contenido de valor para la comunidad. <3 Este es un corazón, o un helado, tu eliges . <h1> : ) </h1> N0. R4ND0M: 6837 6654 7272 6961 5594 4888 7644 6872 1877 8572 4055 2219 4384 3146 7936 9047
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      "body": "Hola @jropt, upv0t3\r\nEste es un servicio <b>gratuito</b> para nuevos usuarios de steemit, para apoyarlos y motivarlos a seguir generando contenido de valor para la comunidad.\r\n<3 Este es un corazón, o un helado, tu eliges\r.\r\n\n<h1> : ) </h1>\r\nN0. R4ND0M: \r\n6837 6654 7272 6961\n5594 4888 7644 6872\n1877 8572 4055 2219\n4384 3146 7936 9047\n",
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2018/03/25 16:03:39
voterupv0t3
authorjropt
permlinkdo-you-know-the-tonina-or-amazon-dolphin
weight10000 (100.00%)
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2018/02/19 08:08:45
voterluiscordon
authorjropt
permlinkdo-you-know-the-tonina-or-amazon-dolphin
weight4400 (44.00%)
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2018/02/18 01:54:21
votermdlamr
authorjropt
permlinkdo-you-know-the-tonina-or-amazon-dolphin
weight2900 (29.00%)
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2018/02/17 22:23:21
voteracostaana
authorjropt
permlinkdo-you-know-the-tonina-or-amazon-dolphin
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2018/02/17 10:19:39
voternickjon
authorjropt
permlinkdo-you-know-the-tonina-or-amazon-dolphin
weight10000 (100.00%)
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jroptreceived 0.029 SBD, 0.009 SP author reward for @jropt / problems-with-the-discal-hernias
2018/02/17 02:31:33
authorjropt
permlinkproblems-with-the-discal-hernias
sbd payout0.029 SBD
steem payout0.000 STEEM
vesting payout14.310349 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #19936702/Virtual Operation #44
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2018/02/16 22:10:42
voterluckyjuly24
authorjropt
permlinkdo-you-know-the-tonina-or-amazon-dolphin
weight3400 (34.00%)
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2018/02/16 03:41:39
votercharisma1
authorjropt
permlinkdo-you-know-the-tonina-or-amazon-dolphin
weight10000 (100.00%)
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2018/02/16 01:53:30
votersensation
authorjropt
permlinkdo-you-know-the-tonina-or-amazon-dolphin
weight10000 (100.00%)
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2018/02/16 00:49:00
voterwildaflower
authorjropt
permlinkdo-you-know-the-tonina-or-amazon-dolphin
weight10000 (100.00%)
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2018/02/16 00:33:09
voterliquidflame
authorjropt
permlinkdo-you-know-the-tonina-or-amazon-dolphin
weight10000 (100.00%)
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2018/02/16 00:15:27
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2018/02/16 00:14:30
voteryuderzb
authorjropt
permlinkdo-you-know-the-tonina-or-amazon-dolphin
weight10000 (100.00%)
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2018/02/16 00:14:12
parent author
parent permlinknature
authorjropt
permlinkdo-you-know-the-tonina-or-amazon-dolphin
titleDo you know the Tonina or Amazon Dolphin?
body![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmNqWZw41Dn8weDNpzuJmaGiQtMGnXPcufowsAQXGSiFcz/image.png) > The Tonina or Inia geoffrensis of the family Iniidae is a odontoceta of cetaceans (that is, provided with teeth instead of whales that are mystical mystical cetaceans) of fresh water, typical of the Amazon River and the basins of the Orinoco River and its main tributaries. Therefore, it is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela, that is, in all the countries where these rivers flow. > The three subspecies recognized today consider the different geographical location of these dolphins: Inia geoffrensis geoffrensis occupies the entire central part of the Amazon River; Inia geoffrensis humboldtiana is found in the Orinoco basin in Venezuela and Colombia and Inia geoffrensis boliviensis as its name says in Bolivia. > Its habitat is represented not only by the main river but also by small channels, mouths, lakes and even just below waterfalls and rapids. In practice, the presence of the pink dolphin in one area and not in another is determined exclusively by the presence of food and, therefore, by the level of water: during the dry season, the inia is concentrated in the main water channels. richer water, while during the season The rain also moves gently towards the secondary arms, also venturing into flood plains and flooded forests. > It was observed that there is a habitat preference between males and females of pink dolphin: while men tend to stay in the main channel, with a very high level of water, women tend to stay with the smaller ones in the zones of the inside. This seems to be dictated by the fact that in the secondary waters the currents are less impetuous and, therefore, the smaller ones are less dangerous, the catches of the fish and, therefore, the teaching are also easier; in addition, they can be attacked less frequently by both adult males and other predators **CHARACTER, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL LIFE** > The inia are solitary animals and the only groups are those formed by the mother with her children (usually the mother with two children of different ages). However, it is possible that, for short periods of time, small groups are created for mating or feeding, even if seen in captivity, that hierarchies are not established within the groups. However, the inia can be associated with other animals besides its species, such as the sotalia (Sotalia fluviatilis), another species of river dolphin or the giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) to hunt together > It has been observed that the inia is a very active cetacean both day and night and is a particularly sociable and playful animal, so much so that it can be easily approached by anyone (see the video below), even if it is much more difficult to tame the dolphins bottlenose dolphins. > The inia are not cetaceans who love to change often the place they tend to frequent so much that they are considered sedentary animals. In any case, their migrations are linked to the water level, therefore to the stations, which obviously conditions the greater or lesser presence of food. **COMMUNICATION AND PERCEPTION** > The inia, like all dolphins, use echolocation (the same sonar mechanism that exploits the reflection of sound waves) to identify obstacles, understand how depths are structured and locate prey. In practice, the inia emits sounds at a frequency between 16-170 Hz that are also used to communicate between individuals of the same species. **EATING HABITS** > The inia has an extremely varied diet and has been found to include about forty different species of fish that vary in size from 5-80 cm (20 cm average), including river turtles because their teeth are so strong that they they allow breaking. also a carapace or a shell of a crab. > The diet of the pink dolphin varies according to the season, in fact, during the rainy season, when it becomes more difficult to catch fish given the great abundance of water and, therefore, the fish are more dispersed, satisfied with what they find during the dry season. When the density of the fish is greater, they become much more selective. > The inia is a solitary hunter and usually hunts in the morning between 9.00 and 10.00 or in the afternoon between 3.00 and 4.00. Sometimes the fast society form with another species of river dolphin Sotalia (tucuxi) or giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) to fish fish in a coordinated manner, especially when dealing with banks. This search is favored by the fact that the tastes of each species are, in fact, very different, so at the end of the hunt there is no competition over what one species has to eat compared to the other. **REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH OF THE SMALL** > Little is known about the sexual habits of this pink dolphin. It has been observed in captivity that the males are very aggressive with the females at the time of mating. This is also highlighted by the fact that all men have both scars due to damaged stings and fins and this suggests that in the wild the struggle to mate with a female must be quite hard and bloody. Therefore, this conclusion suggests that the inia are not monogamous cetaceans. > Observations about their coupling modalities were observed in captivity where it was seen that the male courts the female, making her turn, biting her. If a woman is not in heat, these male attentions respond aggressively. The man, however, is particularly tenacious and insists until he is killed. Always in captivity it was observed that in the course of 3.5 hours they mate fifty times and in different positions. > The females reach sexual maturity when they reach a length of 160-175 cm, while the males reach a length of approximately 200 cm, which correspond to about 5 years of age of the pink dolphin. > In general, the mating takes place between June and August and after approximately 11 months, only a small weight of 6-7 kg of approximately 80 cm long is born. Therefore, births occur in the period when the rivers are rich in water (May-July) and, therefore, the females can move in the lateral channels. This fact brings several advantages: as the waters are reduced, there is a greater concentration of fish and, therefore, it is easier to fish for both the mother and the baby. > The small dolphins are breastfed for about a year, but they stay with their mother for at least 3 years and this means that the mother is often pregnant while breastfeeding the baby. **DEPREDATION** > In fact, it has no natural enemies. Sometimes the black alligator (Melanosuchus niger) or the anaconda or the jaguar or the catfish (families Cetopsidae and Trichomycteridae) can disturb it. **STATE OF POPULATION** > Inia geoffrensis is classified in the IUCN red list of animals Data Deficient (DD) that is, there is no adequate information to make a direct or indirect evaluation of its extinction risk based on the distribution and / or the state of The population In fact, in the areas in which the INIA is designed will have a lot of information, however, these areas are only a very small part, but the territorial extent is not representative of this whale, and it is for this reason that its evaluation is considered "insufficient data". > The species is listed in Appendix II of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, known simply as the "Washington Convention") that includes species not necessarily threatened with extinction, but whose trade must Control yourself to avoid exploitation incompatible with your survival. **SOCIAL, ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE IN THE ECOSYSTEM** > It was noted that, although the type of fish you eat is not a particularly caught variety, in reality this pink dolphin is seen as a calamity by fishermen as rips fishermen's nets to steal the fish. > They are not, in fact, the species hunted by the Amazonian populations. At the most we have seen that if some specimens are dead, we take the fat to use as an oil for illumination or as part of their body for folk medicine; however, the use of your flesh or skin is not known. This fact should not surprise us because in the Amazon people there are many legends about these pink dolphins who are granted supernatural powers and for this reason they are respected and protected. > In contrast, inias are known among local populations to help fishers channel fish into networks
json metadata{"tags":["nature","science","animal","english","life"],"image":["https://steemitimages.com/DQmNqWZw41Dn8weDNpzuJmaGiQtMGnXPcufowsAQXGSiFcz/image.png"],"app":"steemit/0.1","format":"markdown"}
Transaction InfoBlock #19905186/Trx 3e5a32d513dc8f32a7190965fc2d30f2060d4586
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      "parent_permlink": "nature",
      "author": "jropt",
      "permlink": "do-you-know-the-tonina-or-amazon-dolphin",
      "title": "Do you know the Tonina or Amazon Dolphin?",
      "body": "![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmNqWZw41Dn8weDNpzuJmaGiQtMGnXPcufowsAQXGSiFcz/image.png)\n\n> The Tonina or Inia geoffrensis of the family Iniidae is a odontoceta of cetaceans (that is, provided with teeth instead of whales that are mystical mystical cetaceans) of fresh water, typical of the Amazon River and the basins of the Orinoco River and its main tributaries. Therefore, it is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela, that is, in all the countries where these rivers flow.\n\n> The three subspecies recognized today consider the different geographical location of these dolphins: Inia geoffrensis geoffrensis occupies the entire central part of the Amazon River; Inia geoffrensis humboldtiana is found in the Orinoco basin in Venezuela and Colombia and Inia geoffrensis boliviensis as its name says in Bolivia.\n\n> Its habitat is represented not only by the main river but also by small channels, mouths, lakes and even just below waterfalls and rapids. In practice, the presence of the pink dolphin in one area and not in another is determined exclusively by the presence of food and, therefore, by the level of water: during the dry season, the inia is concentrated in the main water channels. richer water, while during the season The rain also moves gently towards the secondary arms, also venturing into flood plains and flooded forests.\n\n> It was observed that there is a habitat preference between males and females of pink dolphin: while men tend to stay in the main channel, with a very high level of water, women tend to stay with the smaller ones in the zones of the inside. This seems to be dictated by the fact that in the secondary waters the currents are less impetuous and, therefore, the smaller ones are less dangerous, the catches of the fish and, therefore, the teaching are also easier; in addition, they can be attacked less frequently by both adult males and other predators\n\n**CHARACTER, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL LIFE**\n\n> The inia are solitary animals and the only groups are those formed by the mother with her children (usually the mother with two children of different ages). However, it is possible that, for short periods of time, small groups are created for mating or feeding, even if seen in captivity, that hierarchies are not established within the groups. However, the inia can be associated with other animals besides its species, such as the sotalia (Sotalia fluviatilis), another species of river dolphin or the giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) to hunt together\n\n> It has been observed that the inia is a very active cetacean both day and night and is a particularly sociable and playful animal, so much so that it can be easily approached by anyone (see the video below), even if it is much more difficult to tame the dolphins bottlenose dolphins.\n\n> The inia are not cetaceans who love to change often the place they tend to frequent so much that they are considered sedentary animals. In any case, their migrations are linked to the water level, therefore to the stations, which obviously conditions the greater or lesser presence of food.\n\n**COMMUNICATION AND PERCEPTION**\n\n> The inia, like all dolphins, use echolocation (the same sonar mechanism that exploits the reflection of sound waves) to identify obstacles, understand how depths are structured and locate prey. In practice, the inia emits sounds at a frequency between 16-170 Hz that are also used to communicate between individuals of the same species.\n\n**EATING HABITS**\n\n> The inia has an extremely varied diet and has been found to include about forty different species of fish that vary in size from 5-80 cm (20 cm average), including river turtles because their teeth are so strong that they they allow breaking. also a carapace or a shell of a crab.\n\n> The diet of the pink dolphin varies according to the season, in fact, during the rainy season, when it becomes more difficult to catch fish given the great abundance of water and, therefore, the fish are more dispersed, satisfied with what they find during the dry season. When the density of the fish is greater, they become much more selective.\n\n> The inia is a solitary hunter and usually hunts in the morning between 9.00 and 10.00 or in the afternoon between 3.00 and 4.00. Sometimes the fast society form with another species of river dolphin Sotalia (tucuxi) or giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) to fish fish in a coordinated manner, especially when dealing with banks. This search is favored by the fact that the tastes of each species are, in fact, very different, so at the end of the hunt there is no competition over what one species has to eat compared to the other.\n\n**REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH OF THE SMALL**\n\n> Little is known about the sexual habits of this pink dolphin. It has been observed in captivity that the males are very aggressive with the females at the time of mating. This is also highlighted by the fact that all men have both scars due to damaged stings and fins and this suggests that in the wild the struggle to mate with a female must be quite hard and bloody. Therefore, this conclusion suggests that the inia are not monogamous cetaceans.\n\n> Observations about their coupling modalities were observed in captivity where it was seen that the male courts the female, making her turn, biting her. If a woman is not in heat, these male attentions respond aggressively. The man, however, is particularly tenacious and insists until he is killed. Always in captivity it was observed that in the course of 3.5 hours they mate fifty times and in different positions.\n\n> The females reach sexual maturity when they reach a length of 160-175 cm, while the males reach a length of approximately 200 cm, which correspond to about 5 years of age of the pink dolphin.\n\n> In general, the mating takes place between June and August and after approximately 11 months, only a small weight of 6-7 kg of approximately 80 cm long is born. Therefore, births occur in the period when the rivers are rich in water (May-July) and, therefore, the females can move in the lateral channels. This fact brings several advantages: as the waters are reduced, there is a greater concentration of fish and, therefore, it is easier to fish for both the mother and the baby.\n\n> The small dolphins are breastfed for about a year, but they stay with their mother for at least 3 years and this means that the mother is often pregnant while breastfeeding the baby.\n\n**DEPREDATION**\n\n> In fact, it has no natural enemies. Sometimes the black alligator (Melanosuchus niger) or the anaconda or the jaguar or the catfish (families Cetopsidae and Trichomycteridae) can disturb it.\n\n**STATE OF POPULATION**\n\n> Inia geoffrensis is classified in the IUCN red list of animals Data Deficient (DD) that is, there is no adequate information to make a direct or indirect evaluation of its extinction risk based on the distribution and / or the state of The population In fact, in the areas in which the INIA is designed will have a lot of information, however, these areas are only a very small part, but the territorial extent is not representative of this whale, and it is for this reason that its evaluation is considered \"insufficient data\".\n\n> The species is listed in Appendix II of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, known simply as the \"Washington Convention\") that includes species not necessarily threatened with extinction, but whose trade must Control yourself to avoid exploitation incompatible with your survival.\n\n**SOCIAL, ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE IN THE ECOSYSTEM**\n\n> It was noted that, although the type of fish you eat is not a particularly caught variety, in reality this pink dolphin is seen as a calamity by fishermen as rips fishermen's nets to steal the fish.\n\n> They are not, in fact, the species hunted by the Amazonian populations. At the most we have seen that if some specimens are dead, we take the fat to use as an oil for illumination or as part of their body for folk medicine; however, the use of your flesh or skin is not known. This fact should not surprise us because in the Amazon people there are many legends about these pink dolphins who are granted supernatural powers and for this reason they are respected and protected.\n\n> In contrast, inias are known among local populations to help fishers channel fish into networks",
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steemdelegated 17.965 SP to @jropt
2018/02/15 00:41:12
delegatorsteem
delegateejropt
vesting shares29254.688351 VESTS
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2018/02/15 00:21:33
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2018/02/15 00:21:06
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2018/02/15 00:20:03
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2018/02/15 00:19:45
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2018/02/15 00:19:33
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2018/02/15 00:19:18
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2018/02/15 00:18:27
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2018/02/15 00:17:45
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2018/02/15 00:15:54
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2018/02/15 00:15:15
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2018/02/15 00:14:39
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2018/02/15 00:14:33
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2018/02/15 00:14:30
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2018/02/15 00:14:15
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2018/02/15 00:13:24
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2018/02/15 00:12:42
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jroptfollowed @lays
2018/02/15 00:12:12
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2018/02/15 00:11:51
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2018/02/15 00:09:42
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permlinkwhat-we-should-know-about-down-syndrome
titleWhat we should know about Down Syndrome
body![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmTtBE8EB3fAVDmoDsEuJD1TQiP5GctD3P6eVyT6ZSWSf4/image.png) >Down syndrome is a chromosomal anomaly that manifests itself through several congenital symptoms: affected people are characterized by an excess of chromosome 21 and can present physical symptoms and intellectual disabilities. All the diagnosed cases present a cognitive delay, but the degree of disability is very variable among the affected individuals, and the majority fall in the "short" or "moderately disabled" range. Unfortunately, Down subjects are often affected by other health problems, for example: * Heart malformations * Hearing defects * Intestinal disorders * Thyroid changes * Skeletal disorders * Eye disorders The severity of these problems varies considerably depending on the individual. The syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality in humans and the risk of conceiving a baby on the downs increases proportionally to the age of the mother. The diagnosis can occur at birth or even before, through a prenatal exam. This syndrome can not be cured, even if an integrated approach established from the first months of life allows favoring a good development of basic skills, which allows to lead a serene and productive life. Life expectancy has increased significantly in recent decades, from 25 years in 1983 to 60 and more current. **Causes** Down syndrome is caused by a random error in cell division that occurs during the development of reproductive cells (gametes) and that involves the presence of an additional copy of chromosome 21. The human being normally shows 23 pairs of chromosomes, or 46 in total, inherited, respectively, half from the mother and half from the father; In some cases there is a problem before fertilization. The maternal ovum or paternal sperm can be divided incorrectly, leading to an excess of chromosome 21. When these cells bind with a normal sperm or egg, the resulting embryo will have 47 chromosomes instead of 46, and this type of cell division error is responsible for approximately 95% of Down syndrome cases (trisomy 21) . In approximately 90% of cases, the error occurs at the level of the mother's egg, in about 4% of cases occurs in the paternal sperm, while in the remaining 6%, the error occurs in a later phase fertilization. The result is, in any case, that the baby will have a greater amount of genetic material than what is considered normal in the human being. **Risk factor's** To date, it is believed that there is no environmental behavior or factor capable of favoring error during cell division. Instead, the risk factors are considered: * Increased age of the mother, whose relative risk increases in particular from the age of 35, going from 1 child for every 350, to 1 in 30 at the age of 45. * A woman who has already given birth to a child with Down syndrome is associated with an increased risk of subsequent pregnancies. * Be carriers of the genetic translocation associated with the syndrome **The symptoms** The symptoms vary considerably from one person to another, as well as the problems they may face in different stages of life. Children with Down syndrome usually show some or all of the following physical signs: * Eyes tilted upwards * Flat and wide face * Small ears and slightly bent at the top * Small mouth, with tongue that seems larger than normal * Small and camouflaged nose * Short neck and excess skin at the base * Small hands and feet * Reduced muscle tone * Smaller head, ears and mouth, * White spots on the eye and iris * Short hands * Unique cross hand fold * Excessive space between the big toe and the second toe * The obesity * Low stature, both young and adult The physical development is generally slower than that of the partners, for example, due to the reduction of muscle tone, they can learn to turn around, sit down and walk a little more in time; Despite these difficulties, affected children can still learn to participate in physical activities carried out with other children. ** Intellectual disability ** The severity of intellectual disability varies considerably: most depressed people have mild or moderate intellectual disabilities, which can manifest as: * Reduced attention threshold * Bad judgment * Impulsive behavior * Slow learning * Delay in language development With appropriate interventions, only a few patients become severely intellectually disabled. **Integration** What skills do children with Down syndrome have? Children generally manage to do most of the things that their peers can do: * Walk * Talk * They dress alone * They learn to go to the bathroom alone However, they generally begin to learn a little late compared to other children The exact age at which children will reach these goals of autonomy can not be predicted with accuracy, but with an early and specific intervention that starts from early childhood can become autonomous first. Can children with Down syndrome go to school? There are special programs that, already at preschool age, help children develop their skills as completely as possible. In addition to benefiting from these interventions and differentiated education, many children with Down syndrome go to school together with their healthy partners. Many children learn to read and write: some go to high school and go to college. Many are perfectly integrated into the various school and extracurricular activities. Adults with Down syndrome can work, either following a special work program or doing a "normal" job. More and more adults with Down syndrome live in a semi-independent way within residential structures: they can take care of themselves, perform housework, make friends, participate in leisure activities and work in the community. Can people with Down syndrome have children? Except for rare exceptions, men with Down syndrome can not become parents. Women with Down syndrome, on the other hand, have a 50 percent chance of giving birth to a child affected by the syndrome, but in many cases a miscarriage occurs. ** Care and therapy ** Since it is a genetic problem, Down syndrome does not exist a decisive cure, then embarked on an integrated, personalized approach based on the individual needs of each child, which has unique needs and strengths and those of any other boy. The most important medical support is probably related to the possible health risks associated with the syndrome (congenital heart defects, incline the development of infections, hearing problems, ...), which in some cases require a very early surgical approach . A timely intervention through careful and appropriate physical and mental rehabilitation therapies significantly increases the possibility of successful social, school and work integration, with the possibility of developing a high quality of life. The interventions can consist of: * Physiotherapy, capable of promoting good physical and motor development, also increases muscle tone and strength, posture and balance. This support is particularly important in the pediatric age. * Speech therapy, which can help the child affected by the syndrome to improve their communication skills, using language more effectively. * Occupational therapy, which aims to develop and maintain the necessary skills in daily life, school and work. * Behavioral therapy, to help prevent negative emotions such as frustration due to inability to communicate properly; This approach allows them to learn how to control impulsivity and compulsive behaviors, while promoting the development of each individual's qualities and abilities
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      "body": "![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmTtBE8EB3fAVDmoDsEuJD1TQiP5GctD3P6eVyT6ZSWSf4/image.png)\n\n>Down syndrome is a chromosomal anomaly that manifests itself through several congenital symptoms: affected people are characterized by an excess of chromosome 21 and can present physical symptoms and intellectual disabilities. All the diagnosed cases present a cognitive delay, but the degree of disability is very variable among the affected individuals, and the majority fall in the \"short\" or \"moderately disabled\" range.\n\nUnfortunately, Down subjects are often affected by other health problems, for example:\n\n* Heart malformations\n * Hearing defects\n * Intestinal disorders\n * Thyroid changes\n * Skeletal disorders\n* Eye disorders\n\nThe severity of these problems varies considerably depending on the individual.\n\nThe syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality in humans and the risk of conceiving a baby on the downs increases proportionally to the age of the mother. The diagnosis can occur at birth or even before, through a prenatal exam.\n\nThis syndrome can not be cured, even if an integrated approach established from the first months of life allows favoring a good development of basic skills, which allows to lead a serene and productive life.\n\nLife expectancy has increased significantly in recent decades, from 25 years in 1983 to 60 and more current.\n\n**Causes**\n\nDown syndrome is caused by a random error in cell division that occurs during the development of reproductive cells (gametes) and that involves the presence of an additional copy of chromosome 21.\n\nThe human being normally shows 23 pairs of chromosomes, or 46 in total, inherited, respectively, half from the mother and half from the father; In some cases there is a problem before fertilization. The maternal ovum or paternal sperm can be divided incorrectly, leading to an excess of chromosome 21.\n\nWhen these cells bind with a normal sperm or egg, the resulting embryo will have 47 chromosomes instead of 46, and this type of cell division error is responsible for approximately 95% of Down syndrome cases (trisomy 21) .\n\nIn approximately 90% of cases, the error occurs at the level of the mother's egg, in about 4% of cases occurs in the paternal sperm, while in the remaining 6%, the error occurs in a later phase fertilization. The result is, in any case, that the baby will have a greater amount of genetic material than what is considered normal in the human being.\n\n**Risk factor's**\n\nTo date, it is believed that there is no environmental behavior or factor capable of favoring error during cell division.\n\nInstead, the risk factors are considered:\n\n* Increased age of the mother, whose relative risk increases in particular from the age of 35, going from 1 child for every 350, to 1 in 30 at the age of 45.\n* A woman who has already given birth to a child with Down syndrome is associated with an increased risk of subsequent pregnancies.\n* Be carriers of the genetic translocation associated with the syndrome\n\n**The symptoms**\n\nThe symptoms vary considerably from one person to another, as well as the problems they may face in different stages of life.\n\nChildren with Down syndrome usually show some or all of the following physical signs:\n\n* Eyes tilted upwards\n* Flat and wide face\n* Small ears and slightly bent at the top\n* Small mouth, with tongue that seems larger than normal\n* Small and camouflaged nose\n* Short neck and excess skin at the base\n* Small hands and feet\n* Reduced muscle tone\n* Smaller head, ears and mouth,\n* White spots on the eye and iris\n* Short hands\n* Unique cross hand fold\n* Excessive space between the big toe and the second toe\n* The obesity\n* Low stature, both young and adult\n\nThe physical development is generally slower than that of the partners, for example, due to the reduction of muscle tone, they can learn to turn around, sit down and walk a little more in time; Despite these difficulties, affected children can still learn to participate in physical activities carried out with other children.\n\n** Intellectual disability **\n\nThe severity of intellectual disability varies considerably: most depressed people have mild or moderate intellectual disabilities, which can manifest as:\n\n* Reduced attention threshold\n* Bad judgment\n* Impulsive behavior\n* Slow learning\n* Delay in language development\n\nWith appropriate interventions, only a few patients become severely intellectually disabled.\n\n**Integration**\n\nWhat skills do children with Down syndrome have?\nChildren generally manage to do most of the things that their peers can do:\n\n* Walk\n* Talk\n* They dress alone\n* They learn to go to the bathroom alone\n\nHowever, they generally begin to learn a little late compared to other children\n\nThe exact age at which children will reach these goals of autonomy can not be predicted with accuracy, but with an early and specific intervention that starts from early childhood can become autonomous first.\n\nCan children with Down syndrome go to school?\n\nThere are special programs that, already at preschool age, help children develop their skills as completely as possible. In addition to benefiting from these interventions and differentiated education, many children with Down syndrome go to school together with their healthy partners. Many children learn to read and write: some go to high school and go to college. Many are perfectly integrated into the various school and extracurricular activities.\n\nAdults with Down syndrome can work, either following a special work program or doing a \"normal\" job. More and more adults with Down syndrome live in a semi-independent way within residential structures: they can take care of themselves, perform housework, make friends, participate in leisure activities and work in the community.\n\nCan people with Down syndrome have children?\n\nExcept for rare exceptions, men with Down syndrome can not become parents.\nWomen with Down syndrome, on the other hand, have a 50 percent chance of giving birth to a child affected by the syndrome, but in many cases a miscarriage occurs.\n\n** Care and therapy **\n\nSince it is a genetic problem, Down syndrome does not exist a decisive cure, then embarked on an integrated, personalized approach based on the individual needs of each child, which has unique needs and strengths and those of any other boy.\n\nThe most important medical support is probably related to the possible health risks associated with the syndrome (congenital heart defects, incline the development of infections, hearing problems, ...), which in some cases require a very early surgical approach .\n\nA timely intervention through careful and appropriate physical and mental rehabilitation therapies significantly increases the possibility of successful social, school and work integration, with the possibility of developing a high quality of life.\n\nThe interventions can consist of:\n\n* Physiotherapy, capable of promoting good physical and motor development, also increases muscle tone and strength, posture and balance. This support is particularly important in the pediatric age.\n* Speech therapy, which can help the child affected by the syndrome to improve their communication skills, using language more effectively.\n* Occupational therapy, which aims to develop and maintain the necessary skills in daily life, school and work.\n* Behavioral therapy, to help prevent negative emotions such as frustration due to inability to communicate properly; This approach allows them to learn how to control impulsivity and compulsive behaviors, while promoting the development of each individual's qualities and abilities",
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2018/02/10 04:08:09
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2018/02/10 03:02:54
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2018/02/10 02:32:06
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2018/02/10 02:31:33
parent author
parent permlinkhealth
authorjropt
permlinkproblems-with-the-discal-hernias
titlePROBLEMS WITH THE DISCAL HERNIAS
body![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmXGQTomoAC7r9mSTSHVNsp4Fb4BhgjfgUWqkxtuTkP6D6/image.png) The spine, also called the spine, is a complex consisting of 26 bones called vertebrae. Between the vertebrae there are soft discs filled with a gelatinous substance; in these discs they support the vertebrae, which are thus kept in place. Over the years, discs can go to rupture or degeneration and this causes the loss of their ability to pay off and possibly the onset of back pain. The herniated disc is the name given to this process, which then identifies the damage to the intervertebral disc; the disc is subject to a movement that can cause irritation of the neighboring nerves, with the consequent appearance of back pain and sciatica The diagnosis usually occurs through a medical examination and possibly imaging tests; the treatment, in many cases unnecessary, can foresee • Anti-inflammatory drugs • Physical therapy, • Sometimes surgery. **Can it heal spontaneously from the herniated disc?** A herniated disc usually improves with a conservative treatment and it is not always necessary to resort to surgery, let's see why. We start from a fundamental concept, the hernia ejected does not fall and from this point of view there can be no spontaneous healing, but there are two mechanisms that can take over: The expelled fragment undergoes evolution phenomena of physiological adaptation, in particular it dehydrates, thus losing a great part of the volume and finds a position and a more neutral conformation towards the adjacent structures responsible for the pain. This is a mechanism that occurs in the three months after the expulsion of the hernia in approximately three out of four cases, for this reason the current trend is increasingly oriented towards a conservative approach in the first months after diagnosis. In case of protrusion of the disc and the presence of a small hernia, the increase in muscle tone of the back that can be achieved through a gymnastic path and improve posture is able to allow at least a partial regression of protrusion **Causes** The vertebral column is formed by 24 bones called vertebrae (26, if we consider sacred and coccyx in the count) stacked one on top of the other. Between one vertebra and the next there are circular formations of connective tissue (cartilage) called discs, which are characterized by an internal gelatinous substance (nucleus) and a harder outer layer (ring); its function is to help maintain the necessary flexibility to guarantee the wide range of possible movements of the back The spinal cord is a bundle of nerve fibers through the spinal column; These nerve fibers connect all parts of the body with the brain and allow the transmission of nerve signals in both directions (from the brain to the periphery and vice versa). The damaged disc can put pressure on the entire spinal cord or on a single nerve fiber, at the point where the nerve moves away from the spinal cord; This means that the herniated disc can cause pain in the affected area (back pain) and also in the area of the body controlled by the nerve that undergoes pressure in the nucleus. It is not always clear what causes degeneration and disc failure, but age is one of the most common factors; When you grow, the discs begin to lose their water content (dehydrate), becoming less flexible and more prone to breakage. **Risk factor's** Risk factor's • Several factors make it more susceptible to a herniated disc: • Age. Disc hernias are more common in middle age, especially between 30 and 50 years, due to disc degeneration related to age. • Men are twice as affected as women. • Smoke. Smoking tobacco increases the risk of disc herniation because it decreases oxygen levels in the blood, depriving the body's tissues of vital nutrients and, therefore, reducing the elasticity of the disc. • Weight. Excess body weight causes additional stress on the discs in the lower back. • Height. Being high increases the risk of herniated disc. Men over 180 centimeters and women over 170 centimeters seem to have a higher risk of suffering a herniated disc. Occupations that stretch the spine. People with physically demanding jobs have a higher risk of back problems. Lifting, pulling, pushing, bending sideways and repeatedly turning the back can increase the risk of herniated discs. Jobs that require a prolonged sitting position or standing in the same position may increase the risk of a disc slipping. • A sitting position for long periods of time, for example, while driving. • Weight lifting practice. • Serious back injuries, such as a fall or car accident This happens when the part of the ring that breaks is small and does not cause pressure on the nerves and the spinal cord. Most patients with herniated discs suffer instead of pain experienced on one side of the body, which starts slowly and gets worse over time. The pain tends to get worse in situations where pressure is exerted on the nerve, for example, when coughing, sneezing or sitting. When present, symptoms may also vary depending on the location of the affected disc: • Herniated cervical disc (neck): • Neck pain during movement, • Numbness or tingling in the neck, shoulder, arm or hand, • Muscle weakness, which can limit the range of possible movements. • Herniated lumbar disc (lower back): • Back pain during movement, • Feeling of numbness or tingling in the back, buttocks, genitals, legs or feet. **Sciatica** Sciatica The sciatic nerve is the longest nerve in the body and is made up of several smaller nerves; runs from the back of the pelvis, through the buttocks, to reach the legs and feet. In the case of herniated disc that presses on the sciatic nerve, classic symptoms of sciatica (or sciatica) may appear, even with very intense pain and tingling in the leg, hip and / or buttocks. Other nerves If the disc presses on any of the other nerves that descend along the spinal cord, symptoms may include: • Muscular paralysis, • Muscle spasms (sudden and painful contractions) Dangers Although it can be painful, a herniated disc is usually not a medical emergency. The exception is horsetail syndrome, a rare but serious condition caused by compression of the nerves at the base of the spinal cord; Symptoms include: • Lumbar back pain (that is, lower back) • Numbness felt at the level of the groin, • Paralysis of one or both legs, • Rectal pain • Loss of intestinal control (intestinal incontinence), • Loss of bladder control (urinary incontinence), • Internal pain in the thighs. This is a medical emergency that requires immediate hospital assistance, because in the absence of treatment, the nerves of the bladder and bowel can be irreparably damaged. Treatments The treatment for the herniated disc depends largely on the type of symptoms, the affected area and, above all, the functional limitations and normal daily activities that the person is going to fulfill. For the most serious cases, we have the surgical approach, which is increasingly discouraged for less severe cases whose prognosis varies from a minimum of 4 weeks to a few months. To accelerate these times, it is possible to use medications and physical therapies, but it is above all a conservative treatment, consisting mainly of physiotherapy to obtain the best results: • Postural gymnastics • Mobilization exercises • Proprioception exercises • Central stability training • Targeted muscle strengthening and stretching exercises • mobilization • Massages, manual and fascial therapy • Treatment of compensation contracts and trigger points This is only part of the treatments that can be applied and that will be different according to the present symptoms and especially the affected area. There are also additional complementary approaches or alternative remedies such as plantar reflexology, acupuncture or other very useful methods in several cases. herniated lumbar disc.
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      "title": "PROBLEMS WITH THE DISCAL HERNIAS",
      "body": "![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmXGQTomoAC7r9mSTSHVNsp4Fb4BhgjfgUWqkxtuTkP6D6/image.png)\n\nThe spine, also called the spine, is a complex consisting of 26 bones called vertebrae. Between the vertebrae there are soft discs filled with a gelatinous substance; in these discs they support the vertebrae, which are thus kept in place. Over the years, discs can go to rupture or degeneration and this causes the loss of their ability to pay off and possibly the onset of back pain. The herniated disc is the name given to this process, which then identifies the damage to the intervertebral disc; the disc is subject to a movement that can cause irritation of the neighboring nerves, with the consequent appearance of back pain and sciatica\n\nThe diagnosis usually occurs through a medical examination and possibly imaging tests; the treatment, in many cases unnecessary, can foresee\n\n•\tAnti-inflammatory drugs\n•\t Physical therapy,\n•\tSometimes surgery.\n\n**Can it heal spontaneously from the herniated disc?**\n\nA herniated disc usually improves with a conservative treatment and it is not always necessary to resort to surgery, let's see why.\nWe start from a fundamental concept, the hernia ejected does not fall and from this point of view there can be no spontaneous healing, but there are two mechanisms that can take over:\n\nThe expelled fragment undergoes evolution phenomena of physiological adaptation, in particular it dehydrates, thus losing a great part of the volume and finds a position and a more neutral conformation towards the adjacent structures responsible for the pain. This is a mechanism that occurs in the three months after the expulsion of the hernia in approximately three out of four cases, for this reason the current trend is increasingly oriented towards a conservative approach in the first months after diagnosis.\nIn case of protrusion of the disc and the presence of a small hernia, the increase in muscle tone of the back that can be achieved through a gymnastic path and improve posture is able to allow at least a partial regression of protrusion\n\n**Causes**\n\nThe vertebral column is formed by 24 bones called vertebrae (26, if we consider sacred and coccyx in the count) stacked one on top of the other.\nBetween one vertebra and the next there are circular formations of connective tissue (cartilage) called discs, which are characterized by an internal gelatinous substance (nucleus) and a harder outer layer (ring); its function is to help maintain the necessary flexibility to guarantee the wide range of possible movements of the back\n\n\nThe spinal cord is a bundle of nerve fibers through the spinal column; These nerve fibers connect all parts of the body with the brain and allow the transmission of nerve signals in both directions (from the brain to the periphery and vice versa).\n\nThe damaged disc can put pressure on the entire spinal cord or on a single nerve fiber, at the point where the nerve moves away from the spinal cord; This means that the herniated disc can cause pain in the affected area (back pain) and also in the area of the body controlled by the nerve that undergoes pressure in the nucleus.\n\nIt is not always clear what causes degeneration and disc failure, but age is one of the most common factors; When you grow, the discs begin to lose their water content (dehydrate), becoming less flexible and more prone to breakage.\n\n**Risk factor's**\n\nRisk factor's\n•\tSeveral factors make it more susceptible to a herniated disc:\n•\tAge. Disc hernias are more common in middle age, especially between 30 and 50 years, due to disc degeneration related to age.\n•\tMen are twice as affected as women.\n•\tSmoke. Smoking tobacco increases the risk of disc herniation because it decreases oxygen levels in the blood, depriving the body's tissues of vital nutrients and, therefore, reducing the elasticity of the disc.\n•\tWeight. Excess body weight causes additional stress on the discs in the lower back.\n•\tHeight. Being high increases the risk of herniated disc. Men over 180 centimeters and women over 170 centimeters seem to have a higher risk of suffering a herniated disc.\nOccupations that stretch the spine. People with physically demanding jobs have a higher risk of back problems. Lifting, pulling, pushing, bending sideways and repeatedly turning the back can increase the risk of herniated discs. Jobs that require a prolonged sitting position or standing in the same position may increase the risk of a disc slipping.\n•\tA sitting position for long periods of time, for example, while driving.\n•\tWeight lifting practice.\n•\tSerious back injuries, such as a fall or car accident\nThis happens when the part of the ring that breaks is small and does not cause pressure on the nerves and the spinal cord.\nMost patients with herniated discs suffer instead of pain experienced on one side of the body, which starts slowly and gets worse over time. The pain tends to get worse in situations where pressure is exerted on the nerve, for example, when coughing, sneezing or sitting.\n\nWhen present, symptoms may also vary depending on the location of the affected disc:\n•\tHerniated cervical disc (neck):\n•\tNeck pain during movement,\n•\tNumbness or tingling in the neck, shoulder, arm or hand,\n•\tMuscle weakness, which can limit the range of possible movements.\n•\tHerniated lumbar disc (lower back):\n•\tBack pain during movement,\n•\tFeeling of numbness or tingling in the back, buttocks, genitals, legs or feet.\n\n**Sciatica**\n\nSciatica\nThe sciatic nerve is the longest nerve in the body and is made up of several smaller nerves; runs from the back of the pelvis, through the buttocks, to reach the legs and feet.\nIn the case of herniated disc that presses on the sciatic nerve, classic symptoms of sciatica (or sciatica) may appear, even with very intense pain and tingling in the leg, hip and / or buttocks.\nOther nerves\nIf the disc presses on any of the other nerves that descend along the spinal cord, symptoms may include:\n\n•\tMuscular paralysis,\n•\tMuscle spasms (sudden and painful contractions)\nDangers\nAlthough it can be painful, a herniated disc is usually not a medical emergency.\nThe exception is horsetail syndrome, a rare but serious condition caused by compression of the nerves at the base of the spinal cord; Symptoms include:\n\n•\tLumbar back pain (that is, lower back)\n•\tNumbness felt at the level of the groin,\n•\tParalysis of one or both legs,\n•\tRectal pain\n•\tLoss of intestinal control (intestinal incontinence),\n•\tLoss of bladder control (urinary incontinence),\n•\tInternal pain in the thighs.\nThis is a medical emergency that requires immediate hospital assistance, because in the absence of treatment, the nerves of the bladder and bowel can be irreparably damaged.\nTreatments\nThe treatment for the herniated disc depends largely on the type of symptoms, the affected area and, above all, the functional limitations and normal daily activities that the person is going to fulfill.\nFor the most serious cases, we have the surgical approach, which is increasingly discouraged for less severe cases whose prognosis varies from a minimum of 4 weeks to a few months.\nTo accelerate these times, it is possible to use medications and physical therapies, but it is above all a conservative treatment, consisting mainly of physiotherapy to obtain the best results:\n•\tPostural gymnastics\n•\tMobilization exercises\n•\tProprioception exercises\n•\tCentral stability training\n•\tTargeted muscle strengthening and stretching exercises\n•\tmobilization\n•\tMassages, manual and fascial therapy\n•\tTreatment of compensation contracts and trigger points\n\nThis is only part of the treatments that can be applied and that will be different according to the present symptoms and especially the affected area.\n\nThere are also additional complementary approaches or alternative remedies such as plantar reflexology, acupuncture or other very useful methods in several cases.\nherniated lumbar disc.",
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2018/02/04 21:35:27
voterjropt
authorronald93
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msp-regsent 0.001 SBD to @jropt- "Successful registration. Welcome to MSP & PALnet."
2018/02/04 21:20:09
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jroptsent 0.001 SBD to @msp-reg- "pwdlc-zkbeg-unxvs"
2018/02/04 21:19:45
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2018/01/25 21:36:30
parent authorjropt
parent permlinkdo-you-know-what-the-asthenosphere-is
authorsuspectcertainty
permlinkre-jropt-do-you-know-what-the-asthenosphere-is-20180125t213628446z
title
bodyNice work! What also lowers melting temperature is the presence of water (: Just as life requires water so too does the earths system for crustal production. When you combine that with the fact that almost half the crust of the earth is composed of oxygen - you get a pretty compelling case for the Gaia hypothesis
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      "title": "",
      "body": "Nice work! What also lowers melting temperature is the presence of water (: Just as life requires water so too does the earths system for crustal production. When you combine that with the fact that almost half the crust of the earth is composed of oxygen - you get a pretty compelling case for the Gaia hypothesis",
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2018/01/25 21:22:18
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permlinkdo-you-know-what-the-asthenosphere-is
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2018/01/25 21:18:30
parent authorjropt
parent permlinkdo-you-know-what-the-asthenosphere-is
authormagic8ball
permlink20180125t211820460z
title
bodyTo the question in your title, my Magic 8-Ball says:<blockquote>Very doubtful</blockquote><hr>*Hi! I'm a bot, and this answer was posted automatically. Check [this post out](https://steemit.com/introduceyourself/@magic8ball/introducing-the-magic-8-ball-bot) for more information.*
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      "body": "To the question in your title, my Magic 8-Ball says:<blockquote>Very doubtful</blockquote><hr>*Hi! I'm a bot, and this answer was posted automatically. Check [this post out](https://steemit.com/introduceyourself/@magic8ball/introducing-the-magic-8-ball-bot) for more information.*",
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2018/01/25 21:18:18
parent author
parent permlinkenglish
authorjropt
permlinkdo-you-know-what-the-asthenosphere-is
titleDo you know what the asthenosphere is?
body![as.JPG](https://steemitimages.com/DQmZh1GiS4RTGqvZt6u5yG54Semp2rvD7uV1j78x7DPaMzN/as.JPG) [Fuente](http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/geology/curr2.JPG) For a period of approximately one million years after it was formed, the planet earth was a hot mass of molten matter in which there was no atmosphere. Given the gravitational force, heavy metals such as nickel and iron were dragged to the center of the earth and the light metals rose to the surface. When the earth began to cool, the crust began to solidify and the original earth formed. Even so, the deeper layers below the surface of the earth remain hot due to the reactions that take place there. One of these layers is called Asthenosphere, that word originated from the Greek word asthenis meaning weak. It was named in this way due to the instability of its components. The asthenosphere is the ductile part of the upper terrestrial mantle. It extends from the lithosphere to the lower mantle of more than 700 kilometers. The asthenosphere lies between the lithosphere and the mesosphere. Therefore, the depth of the asthenosphere depends directly on the thickness of the lithosphere. The latter varies between about 100 km under the oceans (a few kilometers in the ocean crevices) and about 170 km under the continents. 1. Some of its characteristics are: 2. It is composed of matter in the molten or semi-molten state. Its temperature ranges from 1350 ° C to 2800 ° C. 3. It is composed mainly of iron and magnesium silicates. 4. This layer is important for the movement of the tectonic plates of the earth's crust, they float in the semisolid asthenosphere. 5. The melting point of the substances in the asthenosphere is affected by the pressure exerted by the lithosphere above, taking into account that the pressure exerts a direct influence on the point of fución of a substance. 6. It is called a low-speed zone since seismic waves travel through this layer with a lower speed compared to the lithosphere. The asthenosphere is of great geological importance for the mantle of the Earth. This layer is responsible for the creation of new crust in the earth, that is, it allows the formation of more earth. This process takes place in the oceanic ridges, where convection pushes the asthenosphere to the surface. The tectonic plates found in the asthenosphere contribute to the movement of the continental masses with respect to each other, due to plate tectonics. Convection currents that have their origin in this layer are very important because they are what define the different movements of the plates. It is also responsible for the creation of new crust in the earth [Fuente](https://www.britannica.com/science/asthenosphere) <hr> <hr> <br> <p><center> ![DQmbmM6MXGprpWjGD69aa815FeWLujSBBQAbjGG7CKKALGm.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmQytsfjsiXMjcqjaYQUg3Z76xizsGoKYQePj9egK9qjCF/DQmbmM6MXGprpWjGD69aa815FeWLujSBBQAbjGG7CKKALGm.jpg) </center><p> # [SÍGUENOS AQUÍ](https://goo.gl/evGYHd) # Muchas gracias por el apoyo del equipo @cervantes. No te olvides de votarles como witness en esta página: # [Witness Cervantes](https://goo.gl/cTr8mq)
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      "title": "Do you know what the asthenosphere is?",
      "body": "![as.JPG](https://steemitimages.com/DQmZh1GiS4RTGqvZt6u5yG54Semp2rvD7uV1j78x7DPaMzN/as.JPG)\n[Fuente](http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/geology/curr2.JPG)\n\nFor a period of approximately one million years after it was formed, the planet earth was a hot mass of molten matter in which there was no atmosphere. Given the gravitational force, heavy metals such as nickel and iron were dragged to the center of the earth and the light metals rose to the surface. When the earth began to cool, the crust began to solidify and the original earth formed. Even so, the deeper layers below the surface of the earth remain hot due to the reactions that take place there. One of these layers is called Asthenosphere, that word originated from the Greek word asthenis meaning weak. It was named in this way due to the instability of its components.\n\nThe asthenosphere is the ductile part of the upper terrestrial mantle. It extends from the lithosphere to the lower mantle of more than 700 kilometers. The asthenosphere lies between the lithosphere and the mesosphere. Therefore, the depth of the asthenosphere depends directly on the thickness of the lithosphere. The latter varies between about 100 km under the oceans (a few kilometers in the ocean crevices) and about 170 km under the continents.\n\n1. Some of its characteristics are:\n\n2. It is composed of matter in the molten or semi-molten state. Its temperature ranges from 1350 ° C to 2800 ° C.\n\n3. It is composed mainly of iron and magnesium silicates.\n\n4. This layer is important for the movement of the tectonic plates of the earth's crust, they float in the semisolid asthenosphere.\n\n5. The melting point of the substances in the asthenosphere is affected by the pressure exerted by the lithosphere above, taking into account that the pressure exerts a direct influence on the point of fución of a substance.\n\n6. It is called a low-speed zone since seismic waves travel through this layer with a lower speed compared to the lithosphere.\n\nThe asthenosphere is of great geological importance for the mantle of the Earth. This layer is responsible for the creation of new crust in the earth, that is, it allows the formation of more earth. This process takes place in the oceanic ridges, where convection pushes the asthenosphere to the surface. The tectonic plates found in the asthenosphere contribute to the movement of the continental masses with respect to each other, due to plate tectonics. Convection currents that have their origin in this layer are very important because they are what define the different movements of the plates. It is also responsible for the creation of new crust in the earth\n[Fuente](https://www.britannica.com/science/asthenosphere)\n\n<hr>\n<hr>\n<br>\n<p><center>\n\n![DQmbmM6MXGprpWjGD69aa815FeWLujSBBQAbjGG7CKKALGm.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmQytsfjsiXMjcqjaYQUg3Z76xizsGoKYQePj9egK9qjCF/DQmbmM6MXGprpWjGD69aa815FeWLujSBBQAbjGG7CKKALGm.jpg)\n\n</center><p>\n\n# [SÍGUENOS AQUÍ](https://goo.gl/evGYHd)\n\n\n# Muchas gracias por el apoyo del equipo @cervantes. No te olvides de votarles como witness en esta página:\n\n# [Witness Cervantes](https://goo.gl/cTr8mq)",
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jroptclaimed reward balance: 0.001 SP
2018/01/19 12:44:00
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2018/01/19 03:50:54
curatorjropt
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2018/01/19 00:39:42
parent authorjropt
parent permlinkcomo-hacer-un-cruce-genetico-con-drosophila-melanogaster
authordream-invader
permlinkre-jropt-como-hacer-un-cruce-genetico-con-drosophila-melanogaster-20180119t003943330z
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bodyI couldn’t read that but the photo made me giggle lol
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2018/01/19 00:38:09
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2018/01/19 00:38:09
parent author
parent permlinkspanish
authorjropt
permlinkcomo-hacer-un-cruce-genetico-con-drosophila-melanogaster
title¿Cómo hacer un cruce genético con Drosophila melanogaster?
bodyhttps://steemitimages.com/DQmcts1gjLiqpMexYz2ZTCbchEDtympUAZHENEmebH6CqwH/image.png [Fuente](https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5FCdVYcCuXQ/V2CfvRAIAJI/AAAAAAAAASc/Rmrd8HpxxIgUh0JBxwtd3DwqNKiAdlxoQCKgB/s1600/Mosca_fruta_thumb%255B2%255D.png) A continuación presento una cruce sencillo que realicé para un experimento **Planteamiento del endocruce:** Se realizó un cruce de D. melanogaster entre hembras vírgenes homocigotos recesivas vestigiales, con machos homocigotos recesivos que presentan doble mutación: Yellow- White. La mutación vestigial se encuentra en el cromosoma II en el locus 67,0 que afecta las alas, la mutación yellow se encuentra en el cromosoma I en el locus 0,0 afecta el color del cuerpo, la mutación white se encuentra en el cromosoma I en el locus 1,5 y afecta el color de ojos. El cruce planteado, es de características autosómicas y se encuentra ligado al sexo debido a los cromosomas involucrados. Ya que la mutación vestigial se encuentra ubicada en el cromosoma (II) diferente a yellow y white, se presenta segregación independiente con respecto a estas dos mutaciones, sin embargo las mutaciones yellow y white por estar ubicadas en el mismo cromosoma (I), pueden presentar una segregación dependiente, puede haber ligamiento físico entre estas dos mutaciones, que debido a la distancia tan corta entre los locus puede evidenciarse poco. ![cruce.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmfAfPdZ5gqgr8HBef2mvVyVJ3iYFY9azAfhBZDJsWgUXH/cruce.jpg) **Porcentajes de fenotipos y genotipos esperados :** Individuos | % fenotipos | % genotipos --------------- | -------------------| ------------------ Machos | 50 % silvestre | 50 % heterocigoto Hembras | 50 % silvestre | 50 % heterocigoto Totales 100 | 100 % silvestre | 100 % heterocigoto <hr> <hr> <br> <p><center> ![DQmbmM6MXGprpWjGD69aa815FeWLujSBBQAbjGG7CKKALGm.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmQytsfjsiXMjcqjaYQUg3Z76xizsGoKYQePj9egK9qjCF/DQmbmM6MXGprpWjGD69aa815FeWLujSBBQAbjGG7CKKALGm.jpg) </center><p> # [SÍGUENOS AQUÍ](https://goo.gl/evGYHd) # Muchas gracias por el apoyo del equipo @cervantes. No te olvides de votarles como witness en esta página: # [Witness Cervantes](https://goo.gl/cTr8mq)
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      "author": "jropt",
      "permlink": "como-hacer-un-cruce-genetico-con-drosophila-melanogaster",
      "title": "¿Cómo hacer un cruce genético con Drosophila melanogaster?",
      "body": "https://steemitimages.com/DQmcts1gjLiqpMexYz2ZTCbchEDtympUAZHENEmebH6CqwH/image.png\n[Fuente](https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-5FCdVYcCuXQ/V2CfvRAIAJI/AAAAAAAAASc/Rmrd8HpxxIgUh0JBxwtd3DwqNKiAdlxoQCKgB/s1600/Mosca_fruta_thumb%255B2%255D.png)\n\nA continuación presento una cruce sencillo que realicé para un experimento\n\n**Planteamiento del endocruce:**\n\nSe  realizó un cruce de D. melanogaster entre hembras vírgenes homocigotos recesivas  vestigiales, con machos homocigotos recesivos que presentan doble mutación: Yellow- White. La mutación vestigial   se encuentra en el cromosoma II en el locus 67,0 que afecta las alas, la mutación yellow se encuentra en el cromosoma I en el locus 0,0  afecta el color del cuerpo,  la  mutación white  se encuentra en el cromosoma I en el locus 1,5  y afecta el color de ojos. \n\nEl cruce planteado,  es de características autosómicas  y se encuentra  ligado al sexo debido a  los cromosomas involucrados. Ya  que la mutación vestigial se encuentra ubicada  en el cromosoma  (II)   diferente a yellow y white, se presenta segregación independiente con respecto a estas dos mutaciones, sin embargo las mutaciones yellow y white por estar ubicadas en el mismo  cromosoma (I), pueden presentar una segregación dependiente,  puede haber ligamiento físico entre estas dos mutaciones, que debido a la  distancia tan corta entre los locus puede evidenciarse  poco.\n\n![cruce.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmfAfPdZ5gqgr8HBef2mvVyVJ3iYFY9azAfhBZDJsWgUXH/cruce.jpg)\n\n**Porcentajes de fenotipos y genotipos esperados :**\n\nIndividuos  | % fenotipos\t|    % genotipos\n--------------- | -------------------|  ------------------\nMachos        | 50 % silvestre  |   50 % heterocigoto\nHembras     | 50 % silvestre\t |  50 % heterocigoto\nTotales\t100 | 100 % silvestre\t |  100 % heterocigoto\n\n<hr>\n<hr>\n<br>\n<p><center>\n\n![DQmbmM6MXGprpWjGD69aa815FeWLujSBBQAbjGG7CKKALGm.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmQytsfjsiXMjcqjaYQUg3Z76xizsGoKYQePj9egK9qjCF/DQmbmM6MXGprpWjGD69aa815FeWLujSBBQAbjGG7CKKALGm.jpg)\n\n</center><p>\n\n# [SÍGUENOS AQUÍ](https://goo.gl/evGYHd)\n\n\n# Muchas gracias por el apoyo del equipo @cervantes. No te olvides de votarles como witness en esta página:\n\n# [Witness Cervantes](https://goo.gl/cTr8mq)",
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jroptupvoted (100.00%) @sallybeth23 / forest-fungi
2018/01/16 03:46:00
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