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      "body": "<html>\n<p>This article is about the bitcoin halving or \"halvening\" event that will take place in May of 2020.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>You can check out my video here or you can read the article below.</p>\n<p>https://youtu.be/0mZ22iBFAOA</p>\n<p>We will go over:&nbsp;</p>\n<ol>\n  <li>What halving is,&nbsp;</li>\n  <li>Why halving takes place, and</li>\n  <li>What implications halving has for the future of bitcoin.</li>\n</ol>\n<h3>There are 3 key concepts about the bitcoin network you need to know that will make bitcoin halving easier to understand.</h3>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>The concepts we will quickly go over are the bitcoin blockchain, bitcoin mining, and the bitcoin supply.</p>\n<p>Let’s get started.</p>\n<h1>Concept 1: The Bitcoin Blockchain</h1>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>First, let’s briefly talk about the bitcoin blockchain.</p>\n<p>The bitcoin blockchain is basically a <em>live, running record of all the bitcoin transactions</em>.</p>\n<p>As I’ve explained in previous videos, the simplest way to understand what blockchain means is by separating the word <strong>\"block\"</strong> from the word <strong>\"chain.\"</strong></p>\n<p>So imagine records of individual transactions, like payments sent to or from one person to another, getting listed or indexed one after the other.</p>\n<p>Once a certain amount of transactions in the list has been reached, <em>a block is formed.</em></p>\n<p>This is because each block has a maximum amount of transaction data it can store.</p>\n<p>Once the maximum amount of transaction data for the block has been met, the block is added behind a previous block of transactions.</p>\n<p>Now, imagine these blocks of transaction records linked together with a chain.</p>\n<h3>So, blockchain is simply groups of transaction data that are linked together.</h3>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>The basic structure of the bitcoin blockchain consists of a network of computers around the world with bitcoin software installed on them.</p>\n<p>When bitcoin transactions occur, the data is communicated to this network of computers that validate the transaction, add the transaction to their copy of the bitcoin ledger, and then broadcast the ledger changes to the other computers on the network.</p>\n<p>There is a maximum amount of data that can be saved per block.&nbsp;</p>\n<h3>So approximately every 10 minutes, a new block of bitcoin transactions is created, verified, and published to the bitcoin blockchain.</h3>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Awesome.</p>\n<h1>Concept 2: Bitcoin Mining</h1>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Next, let’s talk about how all of these bitcoin transactions are getting verified on the bitcoin network.</p>\n<p>The verification and posting of transactions on the blockchain is completed by miners via a process called <strong>mining.</strong></p>\n<h3>Miners are people or pools of people that use computer processing power to maintain the bitcoin blockchain.</h3>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>This includes keeping the ledger of bitcoin transactions clean, consistent, and permanent by grouping new transactions into blocks and broadcasting them to the rest of the bitcoin network for verification.</p>\n<p>Each new block of transactions has a <strong>cryptographic hash</strong> of the block published before it, which is what links all of the blocks of transactions together to form the blockchain.</p>\n<p>So, for a new block to be accepted by the network, miners are required to follow a <strong>proof-of-work system</strong> which involves creating a unique cryptographic hash of the newly completed block.</p>\n<p>So new blocks of transactions have a unique hash from the previous block, and to get published to the ledger, it requires the creation of another unique hash, which will go through a validation process, and then get passed on to the next block and so on and so forth.</p>\n<p>To create a new, unique hash for the block of transactions, miners compete with each other using computer power to try to be the first one to come up with a <strong>64-digit hexadecimal number</strong> (or the hash) that is less than or equal to the current difficulty target of the network, which warrants its own separate video explanation.</p>\n<p>The basic concept you need to know about bitcoin mining to better understand the bitcoin halving event is that:</p>\n<h3>Miners are rewarded with bitcoin each time they verify a new block of transactions.</h3>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Mining rewards are a combination of newly minted bitcoin units that were not previously circulating, and transaction fees of bitcoin that were already circulating.</p>\n<p>These rewards are in place to incentivize miners to participate in the mining process to ensure the bitcoin network continues to be audited and essentially maintained.</p>\n<p>Cool. Let’s move on.</p>\n<h1>Concept 3: The Bitcoin Supply</h1>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Bitcoin is a digital currency developed by an unknown person or group of people that go by the pseudonym <strong>Satoshi Nakamoto.</strong></p>\n<p>The more you learn about and start to understand bitcoin, the more similarities you will see <em>between bitcoin and gold.</em></p>\n<h3>This is because Satoshi developed the digital currency bitcoin to intentionally harbor characteristics of the precious metal gold.</h3>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>We recognize this in the mining process we previously discussed.</p>\n<p>Prospecting for new gold deposits, building out a mine, and operating a mine to extract gold is laborious, similar to the immense computing power required by bitcoin miners to perform guesswork to create unique hashes to validate new blocks of transactions.</p>\n<p>Another gold-like characteristic Satoshi programmed into bitcoin is a <strong>maximum supply</strong>.</p>\n<h3>The total amount of bitcoin that can ever exist is 21 million units.</h3>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>This 21 million unit maximum was established to mirror gold’s stable inflation rate.</p>\n<p>You have probably read and watched some content explaining how bitcoin is <strong>inflationary</strong>, while other content explains how bitcoin is <strong>deflationary</strong>.</p>\n<p>It’s important to understand that there are <em>two different definitions of inflation.</em></p>\n<p>The most modern and common use of the word inflation, <strong>refers to a decrease in the purchasing power of money.</strong></p>\n<p>The older, traditional use of the word inflation, <strong>refers to an increase in the supply of money that is not backed by gold.</strong></p>\n<p>In the modern context of inflation, bitcoin is deflationary, because over time, it’s purchasing power will increase instead of decrease due to its fixed supply.</p>\n<p>One way to understand this concept is to consider in the future when new gold prospects become extremely rare, and mining costs of new prospects increase until becomes too expensive to mine new gold -<br>\nas a result the fixed supply of pre-mined gold increases in value over time, since new gold cannot be created.</p>\n<p>Makes sense, right?</p>\n<p>In the traditional context of inflation, bitcoin is inflationary because the supply of bitcoin, which is not backed by gold, is increasing as miners mint new bitcoin through validating new blocks of transactions.</p>\n<h3>Currently, around 18 million bitcoins are in circulation of the 21 million total supply.</h3>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>According to its current track, the last bitcoin will be mined in the year 2140, which is about 120 years from now.</p>\n<p>So in our lifetime, the supply of bitcoin will continue to increase.</p>\n<p>Great.</p>\n<p>Now that you’ve learned a little bit about the bitcoin network, bitcoin mining, and the fixed supply of bitcoin, let’s talk about what halving is, why halving takes place, and what implications halving has for the future of bitcoin.</p>\n<h1>1: What is halving?</h1>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Halving, in terms of bitcoin, refers to <strong>the reduction in bitcoin block rewards issued to miners by half.</strong></p>\n<p>Currently, the block reward is for miners is 12.5 units of newly minted bitcoin that were not previously in circulation.</p>\n<p>When the halving occurs in May 2020, the block reward will halve, or reduce by half, which will give miners 6.25 units of newly minted bitcoin per validated block.</p>\n<h3>Halving was programmed to occur every 210,000 blocks.</h3>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>And since a new block of transactions is completed roughly every 10 minutes, this works out to an average halving event <em>every 4 years</em>.</p>\n<p>When bitcoin was first developed in 2009, the block reward was 50 bitcoins.</p>\n<p>In 2012, the first halving event reduced the block reward to 25 bitcoins, and in 2016, the second halving reduced the block reward to what it is now at the time of this article: 12.5 bitcoin.</p>\n<h1>2: Why does halving occur?</h1>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Satoshi Nakomoto programmed the halving of newly minted bitcoin every 210,000 blocks <strong>to prevent inflation from decreasing the purchasing power of bitcoin.</strong></p>\n<p>Satoshi also factored in the increase of technological advancement over time into bitcoin’s algorithm, <em>so the faster new blocks are validated, the more difficult creating unique hashes for new blocks will become.</em></p>\n<p>At the current block reward rate of 12.5 bitcoin per block, which occurs roughly every 10 minutes, about 1800 new bitcoin are minted daily, making the inflation rate in the traditional sense, about 3.8% annually.</p>\n<h3>After the halving of the block reward rate to 6.25 bitcoin in May, about 900 new bitcoin will be minted daily, decreasing the annual inflation rate to 1.8% - which will make bitcoin less inflationary than the US economy.</h3>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Halving the amount of newly minted bitcoin in segments controls the rate at which the finite or fixed supply of bitcoin is titrated into circulation over time.</p>\n<p>Similar to gold, this creates a predictable, and constantly decreasing inflation rate that will eventually reach 0%.</p>\n<h1>3: What implications halving has for bitcoin?</h1>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Gold is considered one of the best stores of value because of its <strong>fixed supply</strong>.</p>\n<p>And since the supply is not extremely abundant, <em>gold is scarce</em>.</p>\n<p>This scarcity is imposed by nature, since we are not able to create gold to increase the supply.</p>\n<h3>Similarly, the algorithm that imposes bitcoin’s fixed supply, was designed to make bitcoin even scarcer than gold.</h3>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>So, if demand remains steady or increases for the fixed, scarce supply of bitcoin, <em>the price of bitcoin will experience positive long term effects.</em></p>\n<p>And after the halving in May, the supply of bitcoin will become even more scarce.</p>\n<p>So let’s look at what happened after previous bitcoin halvings:</p>\n<p>Bitcoin was around $11 when the first halving occurred in November 2012.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Then in 2013, <strong>a year later</strong>, bitcoin spiked to $1,100 - the highest bitcoin had ever been at that time - before dropping back down to around $220 and remaining under $1,000 for the next few years.</p>\n<p>In July 2016 during the second halving, bitcoin was around $600 and spiked to $20,000 near the end of 2017, <strong>around 18 months later</strong>.</p>\n<h3>Historically, the 12 to 18 months immediately following a halving event, bitcoin pricing didn’t show much movement.</h3>\n<p><br></p>\n<p><em>Also, it’s not quite clear that the spikes in prices 12 to 18 months after halving events actually correlate exclusively with the halving.</em></p>\n<p>The first bitcoin price spike to $1,100 happened an entire year after the halving event, and seemed to correlate with the <strong>Cyprus bailout</strong>.</p>\n<p>The second bitcoin price spike to $20,000 happened an entire 18 months, or year-and-a-half, after the halving took place, and seemed to be caused by market manipulation as cryptocurrency was being featured in mainstream media, attracting attention from the masses.</p>\n<p>Did the halving have an effect on the spike to $20k in late 2017?&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Maybe not the spike, but it’s more probable that it’s playing a role in maintaining bitcoin’s price over $3,000 since then.</p>\n<p>So what does the historical data tell us about the upcoming halving event in May 2020?</p>\n<p>As bitcoin has become more popularized since the last halving in 2016, the upcoming halving in May is likely already priced in and has been for a while.</p>\n<p>There is a lot of hype coming out about the impending halving.</p>\n<p>So it’s likely that the price of bitcoin drops significantly following the halving event due to so many inexperienced people and investors operating off of the assumption that bitcoin’s price will increase immediately or shortly after the halving.</p>\n<p>As with previous halving events, I wouldn’t expect to see any drastic, lasting changes due exclusively to the halving event without a correlating positive or negative outside force like government regulation, market manipulation, an economic event, or similar.</p>\n<p>Even then, as with previous halving's averaging 12 to 18 months before noticeable changes, the bottom line is this:</p>\n<p>There is a lot of room for opposing theories, opinions, and predictions about the future of bitcoins pricing with regard to the halving in May 2020 and the years following.</p>\n<h3>So it’s important to do your own research and draw your own conclusions about the impending bitcoin halving.</h3>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Thanks for taking the time to read my article.</p>\n<p>If you found this information helpful, give it a like and subscribe to my YouTube channel for more crypto-related content:</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/cryptocasey\">https://www.youtube.com/cryptocasey</a></p>\n<p><strong>So what do you guys think the future holds for bitcoin’s pricing after the halving?</strong></p>\n<p><em>Will the price fall?</em></p>\n<p><em>Will it rise?</em></p>\n<h3>In the comments below, share your post-halving 6 month, 12 month, and 18 month bitcoin price predictions.</h3>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Be safe out there.</p>\n</html>",
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      "body": "<center><a href='https://d.tube/#!/v/cryptocasey/7zu3zlyt'><img src='https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmTeJBFcsJRd4nHi39SwXqsLytnp8UKkNcQG9zMWKZ2saF'></a></center><hr>\n\n\nEDIT VIDEO\nCryptocurrency Security Tips You Should Consider BEFORE Investing in Crypto!\n \nThis video covers a few things you can do to secure your cryptocurrency investments. There are many security measures you can take that were not covered in this video. \n \nPlease share any crypto security tips you have in the comments below!\n \nUnlike traditional financial instruments, cryptocurrencies do not have fail safes in place to protect you. Hackers or user-error can cause you to lose your cryptocurrency investments.\n \nRemember: NEVER invest more than you can afford to lose when investing in something as risky as crypto.\n \nTip 1: Buy a Paper Notebook.\n \nTip 2: Use the Paper Notebook to Store All Crypto-Related Account Info & Create Paper Backups.\n \nTip 3: Scan Your Computer for Malware and Secure it with Cyber Security Software. Also Consider Keystroke Encryption Software.\n \nTip 4: Require a Password on Your Phone & a Passphrase to Request New SIM Cards. Never Publicly Display Your Phone Number or Cell Phone Provider Online.\n \nTip 5: Create Unique, Long, Secure Passwords for Each Crypto-Related Account. NEVER Store them on a Device Connected to the Internet. Store them in Your Paper Notebook (with Paper Backups!)\n \nTip 6: Create a New Email Address with a Unique Handle You've Never Used Before to Use Exclusively with Your Crypto Accounts.\n \nTip 7: Research, Research, Research to Learn which Wallets and Exchanges to Use when Investing in Cryptocurrency. Quadruple Check ALL URL's and then Bookmark the URL's to Access Safely. Beware of Fake Look-a-Like Websites!\n \nTip 8: Setup 2FA, or 2 Factor Authentication, for ALL Crypto-Related Accounts.\n \nTip 9: Learn How to Use Wallets and Exchanges to Complete Transactions Successfully. ALWAYS Use a Small Amount to Ensure Everything is Setup Correctly. Cold Hardware Wallets are the Safest.\n \nTip 10: Never Reveal Your Identity on Cryptocurrency Public Forums. Keep Your Identity and the Amounts You've Invested in Cryptocurrencies Secret.\n \nTip 11: Write Down Instructions in Your Paper Notebook on How to Access Your Funds in the Event of Your Death. Consider Creating a Will, Trust, or Other Document that Can be Legally Executed to Carry Out Your Wishes!\n \nLinks to Products/Services Mentioned:\n \nMalwareBytes - https://www.malwarebytes.com/\nTrend Micro - https://www.trendmicro.com/\nKeyScrambler - https://www.qfxsoftware.com/\nProtonMail - https://protonmail.com/\nAuthy - https://authy.com/\nGoogle Authenticator - https://support.google.com/accounts/a...\nLedger - https://www.ledgerwallet.com/\nTrezor - https://trezor.io/\n \n:) Donate:\n \n:) BTC - 1B9oyVkhqCiZWcvK6PXy1nfdtENCCyXs2d\n\n<hr><a href='https://d.tube/#!/v/cryptocasey/7zu3zlyt'> ▶️ DTube</a><br /><a href='https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmdQKfuL5gxhoY5vvkaJGb7F7txi4Ua5CV6F9WQoBohD3e'> ▶️ IPFS</a>",
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      "body": "https://youtu.be/4AwCMGBn6w0\n\n<h1>What is Blockchain?</h1>\n\nThis video explains what blockchain is, why it was developed, how it is being used now, and how it could be used in the future. \n\nSo, let’s start off with the first question: \n\n<i>what is this blockchain thing everyone is buzzing about?</i>\n\n<b>The word “block” is meant to represent a list of records. While the word “chain” is meant to describe the linked relationship between these lists of records.</b>\n\nSo imagine a list of records linked to another list of records. That is basically what the term “blockchain” describes: linked sets of records.\n\nThe first known use of blockchain-type technology was in 1991 by Stuart Haber and Scott Stornetta. \n\nAs our world was evolving toward the digital paradigm, concerns about the accuracy, security, and modifiability of digital records were raised. \n\nAt the time, use of third party time-stamping services was the only option available that attempted to address these concerns.\n\n<i>However, relying on time-stamping services that could be susceptible to bribes or security breaches was not ideal.</i>\n\nThis is because it is imperative to maintain the integrity of digital records by ensuring they cannot be modified, backdated, or forward-dated. Otherwise, digital record storage was not likely to be adopted or succeed.\n\nThis brings up the next question:\n\n<h2>Why was Blockchain Developed?</h2>\n\nHaber and Stornetta worked on developing a technology that automatically ensured the accuracy, security, and modifiability of digital records using computers and mathematics.\n\nThey decided to employ the use of cryptology to achieve the desired level of privacy and security for digital record keeping.\n\n<b>Now, Cryptography is the study of secure communications. While cryptology is the term used when you study the application of mathematics to cryptography.</b>\n\nIn 1992, Haber, Stornetta, and a Mr.Bayer enhanced their cryptographically-based blockchain technology by adding the use of hash trees, which are also known as Merkle trees.\n\nLet me break this down further for you.\n\n<h3>First let’s talk about hashes.</h3>\n\nI’m going to to give you an idea of what hashes and hash functions are using social security numbers we receive in the United States.\n\nImagine a list of some random names that are commonly found in the United States:\n\nJohn Smith\nKate Holt\nRebecca Johnson\nStephen Stewart\n\nYou can see they all contain different combinations of letters and each of the names are different lengths. \n\nNext, let’s imagine a list of unassigned social security numbers:\n\n123-45-6789\n234-56-7890\n345-67-8901\n456-78-9012\n\nYou can see all of these social security numbers are in a standardized format.\n\nEach social security number contains a set of three whole numbers, a dash, two whole numbers, a dash, and four whole numbers.\n\nNow, let’s imagine the United States uses a computer function to map each person’s name to a unique social security number.\n\n<i>Regardless of the length of a person’s name or the letters used within a person’s name, the computer function maps it to the standardized social security number.</i>\n\nNow, back to the hashes. <b>Any computer function that maps arbitrarily-sized data, like a list of people’s names, to a fixed form of data, like social security numbers, is called a hash function.</b>\n\nNow the output of the hash function is a fixed form of data, just like a social security number. And this output is commonly known as a <i>hash value, hash code, digest, or simply a hash.</i>\n\nGoing back to how the word “block” in block chain represents lists of records, let’s imagine a list of social security numbers or hashes. \n\nImagine that each list of social security numbers are stored in blocks. And each block represents a region, and the child blocks stemming from those represent states, and the child blocks stemming from states are cities,  and etcetera. \n\nThat should give you a very simplistic idea of what a hash tree is: <b>blocks of hashes stemming from each other that resemble a tree with branches and leaves.</b>\n\nThe incorporation of the hash tree to Haber, Stornetta, and Bayer’s 1992 blockchain-type technology allowed them to securely store larger sets of digital records.\n\nOn to the next question:\n\n<h2>How is Blockchain being Used Now?</h2>\n\nIt wasn’t until 2008, that the first “distributed” blockchain was created for use as the underlying technology of bitcoin, a digital currency. It was made by an anonymous person or group that goes by the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto\n\n<i>A common misconception is that bitcoin is synonymous with blockchain. That, however, is not the case.</i> \n\nThe blockchain facilitates the secure and private transfer of the digital currency called bitcoin, as well as posts the transactions to a public ledger to maintain data integrity.\n\nRight now, most financial transactions are facilitated and recorded through the use of third parties such as banks, visa, mastercard, and other financial institutions.\n\nThe blockchain foundation allows bitcoin currency transactions to occur securely and privately, while maintaining the accuracy of the transactions by posting a time-stamped, unmodifiable record of the transaction to a public ledger without the use of a third party.\n\n<b>Instead, it uses computers, mathematical algorithms, and cryptology to perform these functions which allows a direct connection between bitcoin users by removing the need for a third-party.</b>\n\nSo again, imagine a list of transactions as a block. And each block is being recorded on a public ledger. So as blocks of transactions are recorded on a running ledger, it creates a chain of blocks. Hence the term “blockchain.”\n\n<h3>So where is this blockchain and what does the term public ledger mean? </h3>\n\nEvery transaction between bitcoin users is processed by a computer that has a bitcoin processing software called a bitcoin client. This computer is connected to other computers via an online network.\n\nSo imagine a computer with bitcoin processing software on it connected to the internet, which allows the computer to connect to a network of other computers online with bitcoin processing software.\n\nThe technical term for each computer that participates in the blockchain network is the word “node.” So the blockchain network has several nodes, or computers, that it saves all the recorded blocks of transactions on.\n\nThis is where the word “distributed” or “decentralized” ledger comes from. Since every transaction is saved on every node, or computer with bitcoin client software, on the bitcoin network, the ledger of all bitcoin transactions is described as “distributed.”\n\nSo if you have a laptop with bitcoin client software, and keep it connected to the internet and the bitcoin network, you will have the entire bitcoin transaction ledger saved on your computer. \n\nHowever, if your computer breaks, it will not affect the ledger because that same ledger is distributed on several other computers around the world. <i>So the network cannot be taken down at any specific point.</i>\n\nAll of these computers process and record blocks of transactions to this public ledger that is saved on all of the nodes connected to the bitcoin network.\n\nThe blockchain process creates unique hashes for each transaction as I mentioned before that functions to make transactions secure and private. \n\n<b>These hashes, as well as time-stamps, and other unique identifiers are created for each transaction and recorded on the public ledger.</b>\n\nSo anyone can go and look at the bitcoin public ledger and see all of the transactions. When you send or receive bitcoin, you can identify your transaction by the unique hash that is created, the address of the user it was sent to which is a randomly generated set of numbers and letters, or the IP address it was sent from. \n\n<h2>How can Blockchain Technology be used in the Future?</h2>\n\nHow else can we utilize blockchain technology besides facilitating digital currency transactions like it does for bitcoin?\n\nThere are several applications for blockchain technology in multiple types of industries. \n\nBlockchain technology creates transparency, validates and secures records, manages smart contracts, and eliminates middleman or third parties.\n\nSome examples of how blockchain could be used includes recording land record transactions or mortgages, maintaining digital smart contracts like wills or promissory notes, managing digital identities like passports or birth certificates, housing distributed cloud networks to store information like documents or media, and a myriad of other exciting things.\n\nThank you for watching my video and reading my article.\n\n<b>Blockchain will revolutionize our economy and lives over the next few years.</b>\n\nWhat do you think blockchain technology has in store for us in the future? What other information should we know and understand about blockchain that I may have missed? \n\nLeave your comments below.",
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      "body": "That delicate balance between weightlessness and heaviness was setting upon me like the sun. Spectacular now was the blurry blend of bar lights emulating a transient sky.\n \nWhether the evening was coming or going did not matter. All that mattered was the comforting buzz in my ears - confirmation of my waning sobriety.\n \nSenses slowing. Breaths lengthening.\n \nSmooth sounds of a piano penetrated the air and a velvety vibration resonated warmly through the room. \n\nClosing my eyes to further immerse in the symphonic sea, I heard the tender timbre of a violin and felt the charming presence of a cello - its nonchalant melody lulling me into a trance.\n \nInhaling deeply, I detected traces of lime oil from the rind I had squeezed into my Tanqueray and tonic. \n\nI opened my eyes and wrapped my fingers around the perspiring glass until the tips barely touched the cold surface. I strengthened my grip until the chill changed into a freeze that bit sharply at my skin.\n \nI imagined pulling the corners of the glass. Enlarging it until the miniscule ice cubes became monolithic glaciers with tidal waves of Tanqueray washing over them. \n\nThe fizzing tonic filling the arctic enclave with hisses and pops powerful enough to unhinge the colossal lime cantilevered above. Spine-tingling tremors thundering beneath my feet as ice melted. Watching the slow, surreal collapse of an ice fortress.\n \nI looked up at the bartender. I didn’t even need to twirl my finger in the air for another round; he gave me a nod as he swapped out my fading fortress for a fresh one.\n \nI gripped the new lime garnish with my thumb and middle finger and squeezed it over the ice, imagining every drop as an essence of life. As I dropped the lime into the glass, I became mindful of the moments passing by.\n \nI prodded the lime remnant to the bottom of my drink with a straw, thinking about all of the depraved, torturous things happening around the world - all that stands between our temporary flesh and souls release. \n\nThe visualizations in my mind are so morbid at times, I have to remain conscious of my facial expressions, else random strangers approach and offer consolation. \n \nSpectators pity me, propped up at the bar all alone. Their gazes weighed heavily upon me - until the consumption of a sufficient amount of gin.\n \nI gulped down half of my drink. Tiny bubbles from the crisp tonic exploded down my throat as I placed the glass on the bar.\n \nA sickness flared up inside me as I glanced over at the watered-down drink in front of the empty seat next to me. Fighting back the tears welling up in my eyes, I pulled out my phone, tapped out, “Where are you? I’ve got a seat waiting,” and pressed send.\n \nI looked up and the bartender gave an empathic nod as he gracefully tipped and raised a Tanqueray bottle over his head, preparing another round.\n \nI closed my eyes, desperate to tear my focus away from reality. I wanted so terribly to feel a single moment of serenity, a moment of companionship, a moment of warmth. \n\nInstead, I slipped further away, as if drifting from earth: blackness and emptiness engulfing me, the sickness pulsing in my gut.\n \nThe bartender slid another hissing glass in front of me. I doused the lime deep into the glass and took a swig. Blurry bar lights trailed smeary, technicolor beams across the room and the buzz in my ears grew louder. \n\nThe piano man struck up a jaunty tune that was impossible to ignore, seeming to course through my veins alongside the alcohol.\n \nIcy geometric patterns frosted the corners of the windows and a stark gust of wind whipped snow through the air. I started thinking of all the fragile snowflakes blustering in the night. \n\nEach of them so rare and fleeting: there for a moment and gone the next. Just like happiness.\n \nSadness though. Sadness was like a glacier: dense, heavy, and long-lasting. I looked back down at the ice fortress at my fingertips, pondering the analogy. Perhaps my capacity for sadness was more than my capacity for happiness?\n \nOr better yet, consider what a glacier is, I thought to myself. Miniscule, evanescent snowflakes compiled into snow and as the snow lay in the same place year after year, it turns into ice that eventually develops into a glacier.\n \nA smile tugged at the corner of my mouth. My internal monologue was strikingly similar to conversations we shared together in the past not so long ago.\n \nTurning my eyes back to the window, I imagined you were in the seat I had saved, and that the watered-down drink was your third or fourth round. In my mind I heard your voice speak to me, chiming in on the discussion.\n \n“Suppose then, that each snowflake is a moment of happiness: it crystallizes in the atmosphere, falls toward the earth where it is experienced briefly by an observer, settles on the ground, and after a great while, it compacts into ice.”\n \n“Yes, yes,” I responded as I swirled around my last bit of drink, “go on.”\n \n“So each moment of happiness eventually becomes a source of sadness. You see, the snowflakes, light and airy, over time pack into a large, thick glacier.”\n \nI finished my drink and replied, “It makes sense. Considering all of the wonderful times we shared as snowflakes, and how immense this glacier of sadness has become. It’s unbearable.” As I stood up, you uttered a parting remark.\n \n“The immensity will wax and wane over time, but the snowflakes will continue to surprise and delight you.” \n \nI wandered out of the bar and planted my feet mindfully into the snowy sidewalk. Looking up into the sky, I felt the deep purple abyss staring back at my grieving frame and smiled. I imagined you smiling with me, as we often had in this very spot. \n\nEverything you did, everything you said, and everything you left me rang out like a shotgun in my head. And there’s nothing I can say; there’s nothing I can do now.\n \nMy face flushed as the icy wind blew all around me. I took a step and disappeared like a fragile snowflake blustering in the night, waiting to land on a patch of snow and become an ice fortress - \n\n*strong; stunning; infinite.*",
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      "body": "Everything in this article is drawn from powerful, scientifically-based information.\n\n*Seriously, they are teaching this stuff at Harvard Business School, charging trial attorneys mad money for training on this stuff, and professional speakers like Tony Robbins make a living off this stuff.*\n\nAfter attending countless seminars, reading books and articles, and gaining first-hand experience with the application of charisma, **I’ve compiled a comprehensive list of 6 key characteristics of charisma.**\n\n<h3>The principals are extremely applicable to nearly all aspects of our lives, including:</h3>\n\n* Killing Job Interviews\n* Success in Dating\n* Making and Keeping High-Quality Friends\n* Becoming a Leader\n* Positioning Yourself to Become a Magnet for Success\n\nPersonally, I am always on a quest to enrich my life, and everything I learn, I love to give to others. So here is a taste of the charisma  information most relevant and applicable to leadership:\n\nThere are three parts of our brain: the human brain, mammalian brain, and the reptilian brain. \n\n*We are going to focus on the most subconscious, instinctual part of the brain* - the part right near the brain stem that controls fight or flight reactions, adrenaline, and tons of other unconscious processes.\n\n<h4>An evolutionary principle that was key to survival back when we were hunters and gatherers was being in a tribe.</h4>\n\nIf you were alone, you died, so being part of a tribe was extremely important and *is still important subconsciously to our modern brains.*\n\nTribes had hierarchical social orders that required someone to take leadership. The sole purpose of the leader was to keep the tribe safe. \n\n**In a situation of danger, the most important thing humans look for is a leader; and when we don’t see one, we do nothing.**\n\nI’m dead serious. \n\nIf you are in a movie theatre and a fire breaks out, everyone will most like sit there until someone else stands up and starts running out. This is more commonly experienced in a classroom/seminar-style setting when the speaker asks the audience to raise their hands. \n\n*More often than not, people tend to wait until they see someone else raise their hand (a leader) before acting themselves.*\n\n<h4>The most comprehensive, all-encompassing quality of a leader is charisma.</h4>\n\nIt was, and continues to be, fundamental to our safety evolutionarily because without charisma leaders, there was no one to keep the tribe safe.\n\nSo what is charisma? There are a million different answers to this question, so here is the simple one:\n\n<h2>CHARISMA IS COMMUNICATING WHO YOU ARE TO SOMEONE IN A WAY THAT MAKES THEM WANT TO GO OUT TO LUNCH OR HAVE A DRINK WITH YOU.</h2>\n\n\nThat’s it. **Having charisma means you can connect with people and have them trust you.**\n\nSounds easy enough, right? \n\nPreviously, it was believed people either had charisma or they didn’t, but recently in the past few years, scientists have discovered it is a learnable and teachable quality. \n\nThat’s why Harvard and the others are creating courses to teach it. And the beauty of this stuff is it’s powerful and visceral: we can’t explain or control our reaction to it. **We are comfortable around people who exude charisma.**\n\n![leadership.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmXPm8NCiKS32wfarGrzRahQLuy5BwYB4XzvhHZNZcqYkp/leadership.jpg)\n\n<h1>CHARACTERISTIC # 1: COMMUNICATING YOUR AWARENESS OF \"DANGERS\"</h1>\n\nThe strength of your charisma as a leader is directly proportional to your people’s awareness of your awareness of their worries. Deep down in the reptilian part of our brains, we are terrified of the following things: \n\n* Abandonment\n* Shame\n* Isolation\n* Rejection\n* Betrayal\n\nNow think about it: What happened back in the hunter/gatherer period to cause someone to experience those feelings? They were probably ostracized from society or their tribe, right? \n\nWhich meant they were alone and were probably going to die. This is why the things we fear the most - abandonment, shame, isolation, rejection, and betrayal - shake us to the core. *It’s a survival mechanism.*\n\n<h4>As a charismatic leader, you must stay in tune with things humans fear and, most importantly, you need to communicate your awareness of those things.</h4>\n\n**People need to know because it’s how they will recognize you as their leader that will keep their tribe safe.**\n\nA modern day example is a coach for a sports team: the inherent “dangers” below the surface are shame and rejection from not winning. \n\nWhen rallying a sports team, a coach needs to understand what is at stake, **and the players need to know the coach knows what is at stake for them to feel comfortable to follow.**\n\n<h1>CHARACTERISTIC # 2: CARING ABOUT OTHERS</h1>\n\n\nFirst impressions are crucial because it's the foundation people form about you that they continue to build on. \n\n**This is why it is extremely important to never demean, act superior to, or cause anyone to feel as if you don’t care about them.**\n\nRemember the first characteristic; it is important to be aware of dangers, and even more important for people to know your awareness of them; *but if you do not act like you care about people, then why should they trust you with their tribe?*\n\n<h3>Caring about and having someone’s best interest at heart is paramount to becoming a charismatic leader.</h3>\n\nOur brains are wired to place heavy value on what we see and it outweighs all of our other senses put together. The impressions you get and the impressions you give are important and you must be conscious of them at all times. \n\nThis includes the facial expressions you wear, how you deliver messages, and how you carry yourself.\n\n<h1>CHARACTERISTIC # 3: CREATING CONNECTIONS</h1>\n\nCreating strong connections with people, especially when you’re on stage, is a cornerstone of charisma. Remembering a person’s name and using their name creates a strong connection. \n\n<h3>Names are magic in that our brains react intensely when people say your name.</h3>\n\nAnother simple way to create connections is through the effective use of rhetorical questions. When speaking to a group of people, ask rhetorical questions followed by powerful pauses. \n\nWhen you ask a question, even a rhetorical one, and give someone a moment to think of an answer, their brain can’t distinguish the difference between a real conversation and an internal one; **therefore, the person feels they are engaging in conversation with you, which creates a connection in their brain.**\n\n<h3>Active listening is vital to creating connections because it lets people know you care about them.</h3>\n\nWaiters and waitresses that repeat orders back to customers, a form of active listening, tend to get more tips. **Active listening is a science that connects brains together and executing it requires strong eye contact, nodding and acknowledging things as a person speaks, and responding to them thoughtfully.** \n\nA good tip to practice is to make people brag about themselves and when they start talking, listen as if you are trying to learn what they are saying. **People love to talk about themselves and love it even more when someone else is actively listening to what they are saying.**\n\n<h1>CHARACTERISTIC # 4: LEADING WITH ENTHUSIASM</h1>\n\n\nDevelop an enthusiasm in whatever you do. **Humans are perceptive and can easily catch wind of attitude or true feelings.** \n\n<h3>If you are trying to hide how you feel about something, it will come off as fake and destroy your trust factor.</h3>\n\nRemember, having charisma means you can connect with people and have them trust you. If there is a part of your academic, professional, or personal leadership setting that you do not particularly fancy, *you need to find a way to become enthusiastic about it internally so you can communicate it externally.*\n\n<h3>Purity of motive is essential to establishing charisma as a leader.</h3>\n\nThis goes hand-in-hand with caring and enthusiasm because people who believe you care about them is one thing, but coupled with enthusiasm exponentially deepens the relationship.\n\nEnthusiasm executed correctly gives way to power. **Power has a lot to do with how you look visually and how you occupy a space.** When speaking move your arms, walk around, and look strong by owning your space while practicing enthusiasm. \n\nThis is a compelling technique that every charisma leader needs to perform.\n\n<h1>CHARACTERISTIC # 5: ESTABLISHING CREDIBILITY</h1>\n\nBeing a credible source of information is one of the most important factors of gaining people’s attention. \n\n*Our brain is naturally skeptical of new, unfamiliar people for survival purposes.* \n\nIt’s so prevalent, even at an unconscious level, that your mind becomes more open and susceptible to the information in a book after you read or learn about the author first. \n\nFor example, you would not bat an eye at a book about start-up computer companies written by Bill Gates; **however if the same book were written by someone you’ve never heard of or know nothing about, you will have a hard time accepting the information as fact.**\n\n<h3>An easy way to establish credibility at the reptilian level is through your voice.</h3>\n\nStrength of a voice indicates strength of an individual: this is what our brains believe. Having a strong voice makes people think you are stronger. \n\n**To increase the richness of your voice, you need to broaden its range.** You can do so by practicing voice exercises that consist of speaking in your highest pitch possible and in your lowest pitch possible. \n\nUse your shower time or a car ride to sing songs in high and low pitches and over-enunciate words for a few minutes every day. *This will greatly increase the strength and richness of your voice overtime.*\n\n<h2>The best way to relay important information to people is through storytelling.</h2>\n\nNot only are stories great because our brain is hard-wired for them - stories are effective at making you a credible leader. This is because stories are narratives of real, concrete things. \n\nSure, sometimes stories are fiction, but even so, **our brains cannot distinguish the difference.** Once we enter story-listening mode, we become entranced, waiting to know what happens next.\n\nDuring the hunter/gatherer age, humans learned about potential dangers through exchanging narratives. It was crucial to survival because everything was not easy to figure out on your own. \n\nHow could a human possibly dream up something like an avalanche if they’ve never experienced one before? How could someone be wary of bears if they’ve never seen or heard of them? \n\n<h4>The humans who survived told stories about their encounters and the humans who listened avoided perils and passed on their genes. Not listening to a story could result in death, hence our brains are hard-wired to pay attention to them.</h4>\n\n<h1>CHARACTERISTIC # 6: INSPIRE AND INSTILL PEOPLE WITH POWER</h1>\n\nTo be a charismatic leader, you must have the power to succeed. \n\nFor example, a sports coach with a track record of success (proof you have the power to succeed) and who can show the team what they need to do to achieve success, **is in a powerful position.** \n\n<h3>It takes power to instill others with power, and when people are empowered, inspiration and purpose follows suit.</h3>\n\nMake people feel strong by teaching them what to focus on. Charisma leaders give their herd a road map to success by teaching and guiding them. \n\n**A good strategy is to make people feel like all the unessential things have been taken out of the recipe.** When people believe that everything they need to succeed is laid out in front of them, all they need to do is listen, *they will follow you.*\n\n<h3>WHEN EXECUTED PROPERLY, PEOPLE FEEL SAFE, STRONG, AND CONFIDENT IN YOUR ABILITY TO LEAD THEM TO PREVAIL OVER DANGER AND CONQUER ANYTHING.</h3>",
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