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      "body": "@@ -1587,17 +1587,34 @@\n ns this:\n- \n+ %3C/p%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cem%3E\n Why, the\n@@ -2407,16 +2407,21 @@\n e CIA..%3C\n+/em%3E%3C\n a href=%22\n@@ -2490,16 +2490,24 @@\n %3E  \n+%3C/p%3E%0A%3Cp%3E\n During t\n",
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      "body": "<html>\n<p><strong>Introduction</strong> &nbsp;</p>\n<p>From out of dust of World War II rose a United States which desperately clamored to set its “house” in order. Geopolitical tensions rose to a fever pitch after the fall of Nazi Germany; two major world powers arose after the destruction of the Third Reich. With the signing of the Warsaw Pact (the treaty which organized a collective unity of the Soviet Union and seven other Soviet satellite nations), the United States underwent a massive restructuring of its military and intelligence sectors in order to be adequately prepared to do battle in the nuclear age. On the side of the United States, the Cold War had unofficially begun when then-President Harry Truman signed several initiatives into action, namely: the Marshall Plan, the Truman Doctrine, and the National Security Act of 1947. The focus of this paper is to on one of the major consequences of the latter. &nbsp;The National Security Act scribed into existence the Central Intelligence Agency. Originally created to “conduct analysis and [perform] clandestine activities”<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_edn1\">[1]</a>, the CIA has since grown into what was described in the 1960s by Harry Truman himself, the man to sign the agency into being, a “a mistake. And if I’d known what was going to happen, I never would have done it”<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_edn2\">[2]</a>. But why did Harry Truman, who so readily approved the organization in its original outset, have such a drastic change of heart just two decades later? Truman himself explains this: Why, they've got an organization over there in Virginia now that is practically the equal of the Pentagon in many ways. And I think I've told you, one Pentagon is one too many. Now, as nearly as I can make out, those fellows in the CIA don't just report on wars and the like, they go out and make their own, and there's nobody to keep track of what they're up to. They spend billions of dollars on stirring up trouble so they'll have something to report on. They've become ... it's become a government all of its own and all secret. They don't have to account to anybody… …And if what happened at the Bay of Pigs doesn't prove that, I don't know what does. You have got to keep an eye on the military at all times, and it doesn't matter whether it's the birds in the Pentagon or the birds in the CIA..<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_edn3\"><strong>[3]</strong></a> &nbsp;During the 1960s, the CIA had outgrown its own charter. No longer satisfied with performing menial analysis, the agency had slowly but surely morphed into a leviathan engaged in all manner of espionage and counterintelligence, as well as conducting illegal experiments on American citizens<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_edn4\">[4]</a>. While it is often repeated, it is a misnomer to suggest that the CIA is/was only concerned with foreign intelligence operations; the CIA also acts as the chief spying apparatus for domestic affairs with the stated intention of counter-terrorism (including the suppression and erasure of communist sentiment within the general population). The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that, during the periods between the late 1950s and 1973, the CIA had engaged in several illegal initiatives against the American people to monitor and suppress dissident actors, especially those related to the antiwar movement. There are three major operations which this paper will focus on in order to demonstrate this, which are as follows: · The National Student Association · Operation Midnight Climax · Operation CHAOS These initiatives were initially leaked to the New York Times by investigative journalist Seymour Hersh in a front-page report in December of 1974, but have been partially declassified as of June 25th, 2007<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_edn5\">[5]</a>. These CIA operations, as Hersh claims in his 1974 exposé, “directly violated its charter, conducted a massive, illegal domestic intelligence operation during the Nixon Administration against the antiwar movement and other dissident groups in the United States”<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_edn6\">[6]</a>. &nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>CIA sex-houses and Mind Control</strong> &nbsp;</p>\n<p>One of the more nefarious undertakings of the CIA comes in the form of a sub-project under the equally appalling Project MKULTRA. Established by Sidney Gottlieb under the order of CIA director Allen Dulles in the mid-1950s, Project MKULTRA was an infamous string of initiatives undertaken by the Central Intelligence Agency with the express purposes of: 1. Testing the effects of behavioral drugs on knowing and unwitting subjects for the purposes of developing a truth drug for interrogations<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_edn7\">[7]</a> 2. Testing the effects of electroshock and other harassment techniques on knowing and unwitting subjects<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_edn8\">[8]</a> 3. Experimenting with sex techniques to blackmail prominent citizens and extract information from targets<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_edn9\">[9]</a> The third initiative is, a series of experiments which were totally and blatantly illegal, was known as Operation Midnight Climax. The total scale of Operation Midnight Climax, as well as that of the entirety of the Project MKULTRA program, is lost in history. Because of the hysteria behind the Watergate Scandal, Gottlieb had ordered the immediate destruction of as many MKULTRA files as possible (another illegal activity Gottlieb and the CIA engaged in). What little is known about Midnight Climax can be gleaned from Seymour Hersh’s New York Times expose as well as those few documents which remain undestroyed. Midnight Climax was a simple endeavor at its face: CIA agents in San Francisco, California coopted several safehouse and disguised them as brothels with the intention of dosing unwitting johns with LSD and studying their reactions.<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_edn10\">[10]</a> These interactions, which were also filmed through one-way glass, served as a convenient two-pronged approach. The first was that the actual tapes of possibly prominent US citizens could be used as sexual blackmail against them, the effects of which are completely lost to time because of the destruction of critical documents. The second of which was that the CIA, in testing illegally on domestic citizens, would be able to develop a possible truth serum with which to interrogate suspected communists and antiwar activists. The project was fully halted in the mid-1960s before the formal breakout of the Vietnam War and was considered a failure on all counts. Though unsuccessful, Operation Midnight Climax demonstrates two important things about the CIA during this time period. The first was that the CIA was willingly and capably acting outside legal means to obtain illicit information on both private and public American citizens with the purpose of possibly obtaining blackmail material against them and the second was that the CIA was willingly and capably acting with the intentions of harming domestic citizens who were sympathetic to communist causes (hence, the attempt to develop a ‘truth serum’ to use in interrogations of dissidents). &nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>The NSA and the </strong><em><strong>Ramparts</strong></em> &nbsp;</p>\n<p>In the summer of 1947, the National Student Association (NSA) held its inaugural meeting in Madison, Wisconsin. The purpose of the Association was to form a national conference of student leaders to allow for better coordination of student-based movements. This movement was so outrageously successful that it went on, just a few years later, to form the International Student Conference (ISC), a coalition not only between all of the student leaders of the NSA but, by its peak in 1960, also included nearly one-hundred international student unions<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_edn11\">[11]</a>. &nbsp;This inclusion of international student organizations is often believed to be the source of Central Intelligence Agency interest in the NSA. Sol Stern, researcher and author of the famous <em>Ramparts</em> expose in March of 1967, penned an incredible investigative piece into the connections between the CIA, the State Department, and the international student organizations. In the piece, Stern claims that “it is widely known that the CIA has a number of foundations which serve as direct fronts or as secret ‘conduits; that channel money… to preferred organizations”<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_edn12\">[12]</a>. But beyond this initially innocuous string of funding student leaders was something far more sinister. &nbsp;The real bombshell regarding CIA manipulation is found deeper in the <em>Ramparts</em> exposé, “an extraordinary conversation’ which led to the next decade-and-a-half of infiltration of the association by CIA interests. The former president of the NSA, Phillip Sherburne, had invited Michael Wood, the then-current director of development and chief fundraising officer for the NSA, to a casual luncheon. In the conversation, Sherburne explained to Wood that the NSA had “certain relationships with certain government agencies engaged in international relations”<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_edn13\">[13]</a>. &nbsp;The ISC members of the NSA had a rather self-explanatory interest in the foreign affairs of the agency. Foreign members campaigned for more representation and more sway within the organization’s domestic equivalents, including having a vested interest in spreading communist attitudes and provoking students to engage in anti-Cold War activities, including protests. It was not irregular that the president of the NSA would engage in talks with these international student groups (many of whom belong to the nations within the Eastern Bloc) over possible student transfers. What Sherburne had informed Wood of was that he had been “admonished”<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_edn14\">[14]</a> by a CIA agent against accepting foreign students without the express permission of the Agency first. &nbsp;As well as this, the CIA essentially had full control over student transfers of any kind which would be performed by the NSA. This allowed the CIA to carefully comb any and all student transfers for the particular political attitudes they preferred- in one instance an NSA international staffer was able to report on specific student contacts in the Dominican Republic who were participants in the civil war on the side of the constitutionalists (those in direct opposition to dictator Rafael Trujillo, an unsuccessful target of planned CIA assassination). They were able to, through threat of intense legal consequences, manipulate Sherburne and anyone who had been clued into the CIA’s plans, to communicate any form of information to foreign student leaders. What the CIA had done to the NSA was, essentially, use the organization as an extension of American foreign policy and suppress dissident behavior from incoming transfer students.&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>Manufactured CHAOS</strong> &nbsp;</p>\n<p>The final, and most pervasive, CIA operation would find its peak during the Nixon administration, but was actually created under the Johnson Administration. Operation CHAOS was the largest domestic surveillance and suppression program in the history of the nation at the time. The operation was not one function, but two unique projects as well as several fringe initiatives underneath the umbrella of the CHAOS codename. These two unique programs were known as Project RESISTANCE and Project MERRIMAC. Another important aspect of Operation CHAOS would come later during the Nixon administration, and was known as “Restless Youth”. &nbsp;&nbsp;The first attempt in Operation CHAOS was known as “Project 1”. In it, it was recommended to CIA Director Richard Helms that several domestic groups related to the Peace movement and Black Power movement be penetrated by operatives, and their “communications, contacts, travel, and plans” be monitored. This proposal was turned down by Helms because he believed if it was to go public it would have appeared to go beyond the CIA’s jurisdiction<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_edn15\">[15]</a>. &nbsp;This consideration did not seem to last, because in 1967, the CIA recruited agents and assigned them to various antiwar protest groups within the Washington D.C. area<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_edn16\">[16]</a>. These groups would be monitored exactly as was outlined in “Project 1”. This project was known as MERRIMAC and was so successful that one of the penetrating agents was actually turned over to the FBI for questioning by one of the protest groups. This project functioned in conjunction with a similar project, this one entitled Project RESISTANCE. Project RESISTANCE was seen as taking inspiration from the CIA’s earlier infiltration of the NSA and sought to spy on dissident activity on university campuses<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_edn17\">[17]</a>. The CIA worked with local police and campus officials<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_edn18\">[18]</a> to obtain large amounts of information on college radicals<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_edn19\">[19]</a>. &nbsp;&nbsp;Several damning pieces of information were revealed because of the Hersh leaks. The first was that Operation CHAOS was “relatively unsuccessful in obtaining meaningful information” and did not slow the “tempo of dissident activities”<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_edn20\">[20]</a>. The charter of Operation CHAOS was also dangerously vague. The Church Committee determined that “CHAOS was not an intelligence mission… Nixon pressed the Director of the CIA, Richard Helms, to determine the extend of hostile foreign influence on domestic unrest among students, opponents of the Vietnam war, minorities and the ‘New Left”<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_edn21\">[21]</a>. The second was that it had been revealed that the CIA was running several illegal mail intercepts, including a New York intercept that was supplied with a watchlist of some prominent New Yorkers who would have fallen into the aforementioned dissident categories<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_edn22\">[22]</a>. &nbsp;Thirdly, and perhaps most egregiously, it is revealed by the Rockefeller and Church Commission reports that the CIA was working directly with the FBI (particularly exchanging information on dissidents such as the “anti-war”, “radical left”, and “black militant groups”) during the era of COINTELPRO<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_edn23\">[23]</a>. It is very likely that agents who worked between the FBI and the CIA (a common theme for Operation CHAOS) were supplying the Chicago Police department with government issue equipment in exchange for advanced training and funding of local right-wing groups which would burglarize leftist organizations<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_edn24\">[24]</a>. Even more alarming is that in a lawsuit filed by the December 4th Committee (an organization which formed for the purposes of filing a wrongful death lawsuit against the Chicago PD over the assassination of Fred Hampton and Mark Clark) it is alleged that the CIA had directly trained the police department in surveillance techniques- techniques which would likely have been used to organize and execute the assassination of the two Panthers. The CIA had knowingly violated its own protocol, which was sent out to cooperating field offices in 1971, which stated that “No attempts should be made to recruit new informants or sources such as campus or police officials regarding dissident groups”<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_edn25\">[25]</a>. <strong>Conclusion</strong> &nbsp;The CIA acted maliciously during Project MKULTRA and Operation Midnight Climax, intentionally drugging unwitting citizens and filming their sexual encounters with prostitutes for a number of means: as a test to acquire a truth serum and as a collection of potential blackmail against prominent San Francisco citizens (both with the intention of being utilized to combat dissident and communist-sympathetic behavior). It infiltrated the National Student Association’s highest ranks and threatened (yet again both illegally and in violation of its own charter) several of its members with severe legal consequences did they not comply with the strict vetting of transfer students that the CIA desired. And finally, it engaged Operation CHAOS as well as several subprojects which instructed CIA agents to penetrate antiwar organizations and monitor the movements, behaviors, and plans of those prominent members within it, as well as worked with the FBI and the Chicago Police Department to harass members of the black power movement, as well as supply the Chicago Police Department with the necessary techniques it required in order to carry out the tactical assassinations of Fred Hampton and Mark Clark. The Central Intelligence Agency, by the time of the Vietnam War, had morphed from a defensively-capable counterintelligence unit whose goal was to protect the nation against intellectual warfare by a growing Soviet power, to an arm of the executive branch which was utilized by both the Johnson and Nixon administrations to suppress dissidents and counterculture revolutionaries in an attempt to silence antiwar rhetoric. The Agency had, at countless times, not only breached the rules of its own charter, but engaged in illegal activities in direct opposition to the interest of the American people as a whole. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_ednref1\">[1]</a> (The Central Intelligence Agency 2008) &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_ednref2\">[2]</a> (Miller 1986) &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_ednref3\">[3]</a> (Deist 2017) &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_ednref4\">[4]</a> (Senate Select Committee on Intelligence 1977) &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_ednref5\">[5]</a> (Osborn 2007) &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_ednref6\">[6]</a> (Hersh 1974) &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_ednref7\">[7]</a> (U.S. Senate August 3rd, 1977) p 12 &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_ednref8\">[8]</a> Ibid. p 13 &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_ednref9\">[9]</a> (Alliance for Human Research Protection 2015) &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_ednref10\">[10]</a> (Grant 2015) &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_ednref11\">[11]</a> (Stern 1967) p 30 &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_ednref12\">[12]</a> ibid &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_ednref13\">[13]</a> Ibid p 34 &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_ednref14\">[14]</a> Ibid p 35 &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_ednref15\">[15]</a> (Rockefeller Commission Report 1975) p 137 &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_ednref16\">[16]</a> (Osborn 2007) p 29-30 &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_ednref17\">[17]</a> (PrivacySOS n.d.) &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_ednref18\">[18]</a> (Trifunov 2014) &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_ednref19\">[19]</a> (Church Committee 1974) p 682-683 &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_ednref20\">[20]</a> (Rockefeller Commission Report 1975) p 139 &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_ednref21\">[21]</a> (Church Committee 1974) p 688 &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_ednref22\">[22]</a> (Rockefeller Commission Report 1975) p 142 &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_ednref23\">[23]</a> Ibid 140 &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_ednref24\">[24]</a> (December 4th Committee Early 1970s) &nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html#_ednref25\">[25]</a> Chief, Targets Analysis Branch OS (1970 – 1973), Rockefeller Comission pp 1296, 1314 &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>\n<h1><strong>Works Cited</strong></h1>\n<p>Alliance for Human Research Protection. 2015. <em>1953–1964: Operation Midnight Climax — CIA’s lurid ventures into sex, hookers and LSD.</em> January 18. http://ahrp.org/1953-1964-operation-midnight-climax-cias-lurid-ventures-into-sex-hookers-and-lsd/. Church Committee. 1974. <em>CIA INTELLIGENCE COLLECTION ABOUT AMERICANS : CHAOS AND THE OFFICE OF SECURITY.</em> Oversight Report, http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/church/reports/book3/pdf/ChurchB3_9_CHAOS.pdf: US Government Printing. December 4th Committee. Early 1970s. \"Freedom Archives.\" <em>Remembering Fred Hampton, Mark Clark.</em> http://freedomarchives.org/Documents/Finder/DOC513_scans/Fred_Hampton/513.Fred.Hampton.Remember.Fred.Hampton.pdf. Deist, Jeff. 2017. <em>Truman Was Right About the CIA.</em> 03 08. https://mises.org/wire/truman-was-right-about-cia. Grant, Brittany. 2015. \"Was It All Just A Hallucination? The CIA's Secret.\" <em>ScholarWorks At Arcadia University.</em> Spring. https://scholarworks.arcadia.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1013&amp;context=senior_theses. Hersh, Seymour. 1974. \"Huge C.I.A. Operation Reported in U.S. Against Antiwar Forces, Other Dissidents in Nixon Years.\" <em>The New York Times</em>, December 22: 1, 26. Miller, Merle. 1986. <em>Plain Speaking: An Oral Biography of Harry S. Truman.</em> Berkley. Osborn, Compiled by Howard J. 2007. <em>The Family Jewels.</em> Report, Central Intelligence Agency. PrivacySOS. n.d. <em>THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY.</em> https://privacysos.org/cia/. Rockefeller Commission Report. 1975. \"Commission on CIA Activities within the United States: Chapter 11.\" Special Report https://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/church/rockcomm/pdf/RockComm_Chap11_CHAOS.pdf. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. 1977. \"Project MKULTRA, The CIA's Program of Research in Behavioral Modification.\" U.S. Government Printing Office. 178. Stern, Sol. 1967. \"A Short Account of International Student Politics and the Cold War with Particular Reference to the NSA, CIA, Etc.\" <em>Ramparts</em>, March: 29-39. The Central Intelligence Agency. 2008. <em>A Look Back … The National Security Act of 1947.</em> https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/2008-featured-story-archive/national-security-act-of-1947.html. Trifunov, David. 2014. <em>8 times the CIA used American spies to spy on Americans.</em> 03 20. https://www.salon.com/2014/03/20/8_times_the_cia_used_american_spies_to_spy_on_americans_partner/. U.S. Senate. August 3rd, 1977. <em>1977 Senate Hearting on MKULTRA; Testimony of CIA Director Stansfield Turner.</em> Joint Hearing, Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>\n</html>",
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      "body": "<html>\n<h1><img src=\"https://suntimesmedia.files.wordpress.com/2018/02/arthur-jones-january-2018.jpg?w=763\" width=\"763\" height=\"429\"/></h1>\n<h1>Big Praise for the Rockets</h1>\n<p>In an interview conducted by the Chicago Sun-Times, Illinois congressional candidate Arthur Jones <a href=\"https://youtu.be/s32C3KAi0Nc?t=125\">praised Adolf Hitler for his economic policies</a> saying, \"In twelve years of his rule they brought that country up from the age of the biplane to the age of the rocket\". On the face of that statement, one might be repelled by the mere notion that Hitler was capable of doing anything good. Conversely, one might feel the need to jump to the defense of Arthur Jones, cheekily replying <em>is he wrong though?</em></p>\n<p>Regardless of Arthur Jones as a man, who I'm quite sure is an awful person to hang around with (<a href=\"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/worldnews/5186735/Neo-Nazi-protests-mar-the-opening-of-the-Illinois-Holocaust-Museum-and-Education-Centre-in-Skokie.html?image=10\">his choice of company to keep doesn't seem that charming either</a>), Arthur Jones as an \"intellectual\" made a statement. The idea that Adolf Hitler was a fantastic economic mind, <a href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-japan-hitler/japanese-central-banker-praises-hitlers-economic-policies-idUSKBN19K1KT\">with wonderful fiscal and monetary policies</a>, is not a new stance we hear central bankers and Western policymakers taking. <a href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-japan-hitler/japanese-central-banker-praises-hitlers-economic-policies-idUSKBN19K1KT\">Even Ben Bernanke felt the need to praise Hitler for his economics in the 1930s</a>.&nbsp;</p>\n<h2>The Problem is the Message</h2>\n<p>We'll set Arthur Jones aside for a moment; neither is Jones an economist <a href=\"http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2108386/Blackest-lie-history-congressional-candidate-describes-Holocaust.html\">nor a historian</a>. Bernanke's praise seems better to focus on. Why would a two-term Federal Reserve Chairman find himself praising the economic policies of the Nazis anyway?</p>\n<p>Because Ben Bernanke is a New Keynesian. <a href=\"https://mises.org/library/keynesianism-loves-total-state\">Keynes himself praised the totalitarian state for the ease with which it can adapt itself to the theory of aggregate production</a>, a theory which has been <a href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/peterferrara/2013/04/14/progressive-keynesian-myths-debunked-the-coming-redistribution-of-political-and-economic-power-among-the-states/#47d9f2f837f2\">fully and totally debunked</a> as an effective long-term stimulus. But Bernanke either isn't aware that a fundamental part of his beliefs on economics are wrong or- more likely- he knows that he is wrong but, having built an entire career and reputation on these beliefs, finds himself defending some strange characters in order to keep up his reputation. I don't know about you, but I'd be willing to bet that after countless busts and a business-cycle with waves you could surf on, a smart guy like Bernanke knows that when it quacks like a duck, it might just be a duck.</p>\n<p>Now look, this isn't all just to target Ben Bernanke (though any opportunity I get to do that, I take). He isn't the subject of this article. He isn't, you know, the guy who <a href=\"http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2011/04/18/adolf-hitler-birthday-party-ends-with-a-bang/\">throws birthday parties for a dead dictator</a> he fought in a war against. He isn't Arthur Jones. But Ben Bernanke and other Keynesians trumpet broken economics and broken policies; fake accolades that adds fuel to the fire of people like Arthur Jones. When Ben Bernanke, one of the most well-known and powerful economists of his time, gives credit to Adolf Hitler because of his sound fiscal approach (and we'll get into why that's a ludicrous thing for him to suggest), it gives repugnant imbeciles like Jones a reason to say, \"Hey, we told you Hitler wasn't a bad guy!\". Should that weigh all on the shoulders of Ben Bernanke? Of course not. Nor does it indicate that Bernanke supports anything like Jones' ilk. But praising a totalitarian mass-murderer for anything is a minefield to tread, especially when you're wrong. And if you're praising Hitler's \"great\" economics: You're wrong.</p>\n<p>Would Jones still love ol' \"Uncle Adolf\" even if his economics were broken? Most assuredly, yes. In fact, something tells me that Jones couldn't even name an economic policy that Hitler and his party pushed for. And yet, Jones uses the beautiful science of economics to push his brain-dead agenda.</p>\n<p>Adolf Hitler is no special target, either. I would be writing this article if Jones was praising the economics of Che Guevara, Donald Rumsfeld, or Elizabeth Warren. For the purpose of dissecting bad economics, Adolf Hitler is merely the subject of the day. While Hitler is especially abhorrent, his policies are just as confused as every other Keynesian's. Collectivist policy-making is consistently wrong, no matter who's mouth it comes from or who's hand writes it.</p>\n<p>And with <em>that</em> out of the way, we can get to the meaty stuff.</p>\n<h2>Why is Jones Wrong?</h2>\n<p>We ought exercise care in analyzing Jones' exact quote. The good part is, in any other way than taking Jones absolutely literally, his claim is absolutely wrong. I will give Jones credit for his literal statement; Hitler did, in fact, take his nation \"from the era of the biplane to the era of the rocket\" in 12 years.</p>\n<p>Does anyone find that statement to be incredibly wanting? I do.</p>\n<p>Similarly to saying, \"Son, in twelve years I took this marriage with your mother from the era of hugs and kisses to the era of signing divorce papers\", Jones paper-thin statement of admiration leaves a lot to be desired. Where is the history? Where are the economics? Where the hell is the policy? Even in the most literal sense, are we to assume that Adolf Hitler introduced \"the era of rockets\" to Germany? Are we really saying that, without Adolf Hitler, the rocket wouldn't have made its way into one of the most powerful nations in Europe at the same time the \"era of the rocket\" made its way to every other Westernized nation?</p>\n<p>Taking Jones' statement less literally, we see just as many flaws in the argument. The Wiemar government defaulted on its loans twice before Hitler came to power. American investors were eager to see a post-World War I Germany rise from its ashes, and <a href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/1995/01/06/business/market-place-hitler-defaulted-but-now-germany-will-pay-debt.html\">lent around $210 million</a> (to the tune of over $5 billion dollars when adjusted for inflation) to the German government to do just that. In 1933, Hitler <a href=\"http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2023140,00.html\">effectively defaulted by cancelling the repayment of any and all loans and reparations</a>. With this, he completed tattered the value of the Reichsmark, a currency that hadn't been in circulation even as long as the Nazi part had been. Because of this, in combination with losing the war that Hitler spurred on, Germany was feeling the crippling effects of this awful policy move until as late as 1995 when its final debt was repaid. Hitler's poor management of finances kept a great nation, which still managed to be an economic powerhouse despite its debts, stuck under a glass ceiling. So why do Keynesian's praise Hitler's policy? Why, because it took Germany \"from the era of the biplane to the era of the rocket\" in 12 years!</p>\n<p>No mention of where it took Germany after the era of the rocket. Sans Hitler, Germany could have taken itself another twelve years from the era of the rocket to the era of the rocket ship. Instead of crediting Hitler for short-term gains at the expense of economically kneecapping post-war Germany, perhaps Arthur Jones should be thanking <a href=\"https://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/18/the-revival-of-postwar-germany-began-65-years-ago/\">the deregulatory efforts of Ludwig Erhard</a>.&nbsp;If Keynesian economists, and those who sing the praises of their economic genius, are anything, they are struck with tunnel-vision. Demand-side vampires and window-breakers either ignorantly or purposefully look past the long-term negative consequences of centrally-planned protectionism, under the fallacious assumption that <a href=\"https://www.cato.org/blog/four-reasons-why-keynesian-stimulus-does-not-work\">short-term government diversion of resources and financing bonds cure the long-term ills of investor uncertainty and bond servicing and repayment</a>.</p>\n<p>The phobia of decentralization and deregulation extended far beyond the second World War. In 1963, Paul Samuelson showered Hitler with praise as he admonished public-project skeptics and doomsayers, explaining that Hitler's policies kept the German government afloat.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://mises.org/library/hitlers-economics\">Llewellyn Rockwell, foremost academic and co-founder of the Ludwig von Mises Institute, expresses jadedly his critique of the echoing applause of Hitler's economics</a>:</p>\n<blockquote>&nbsp;On one level, this is not surprising. Hitler instituted a New Deal for Germany, different from FDR and Mussolini only in the details. And it worked only on paper in the sense that the GDP figures from the era reflect a growth path. Unemployment stayed low because Hitler, though he intervened in labor markets, never attempted to boost wages beyond their market level. But underneath it all, grave distortions were taking place, just as they occur in any non-market economy. They may boost GDP in the short run (see how government spending boosted the US Q2 2003 growth rate from 0.7 to 2.4 percent), but they do not work in the long run.&nbsp;</blockquote>\n<p>Adolf Hitler's policy-making would have been considered \"populist\". The ideas Hitler had, as specifically outlined in his <a href=\"http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/riseofhitler/25points.htm\">25 Points</a>, were geared towards protectionist populism: demanding large industries profit-share, demanding those of German blood be treated as equals, that usurers and profiteers be \"punished with death, regardless of creed or race\".</p>\n<p>Even as a populist, Hitler failed.</p>\n<p>In <em>The Hitler Myth</em>, author Ian Kershaw takes the blind glorification of Hitler's populism to task.&nbsp;</p>\n<blockquote>&nbsp;<em>The working class remained the social grouping least impressed by the ‘economic miracle’ and relatively immune to the image of Hitler as the creator of Germany’s striking new prosperity. After all, with their own standard of living pinned down to Depression levels in the years 1933-36, most industrial workers saw no particular reason to offer marked signs of gratitude to the</em> <em>Fuhrer. Through repression and intimidation, low wages, and longer hours, the ‘economic miracle’, as most realized, was being carried out on their own backs.</em> &nbsp;</blockquote>\n<p>Hilariously, in the very same interview where Arthur Jones made these comments about Hitler almost literally putting Germany on his back and hoisting it into the stars, Jones also found himself criticizing, and being \"totally opposed\" to \"these criminal no-win wars in the Middle East\". While I agree with Jones, I find it rather ironic that on the one hand, he is opposed to foreign no-win wars, yet the entire economic track record of Adolf Hitler, the man who he praised, is dominated by military spending. Albrecht Ritschl confirms this in research publication entitled <em>DEFICIT SPENDING IN THE NAZI RECOVERY, 1933-1938: A CRITICAL REASSESSMENT</em>:</p>\n<blockquote>&nbsp;Our results also indicate that government spending was dominated by war preparation already in a very early phase of the Nazi recovery. I find little justification for the popular interpretation that recovery was sparked off by non-military work-creation and the construction of the autobahn network. Investment in the autobahn reached sizable magnitudes only in 1936. All these projects pale in comparison with the rapid build-up of military expenditure, except for the year of 1933 17 when rearmament had not yet really begun. To secure the desired high speed of war preparation, the Nazi administration took early, often draconian steps to crowd out private demand. The growth in consumer spending fell short of the increase in national product, and the contribution of private investment to the recovery remained unimpressive.&nbsp;</blockquote>\n<p>Beyond purely economic inefficiencies, Adolf Hitler <a href=\"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/8119805/Confiscated-Jewish-wealth-helped-fund-the-German-war-effort.html\">stole Jewish finances</a>, <a href=\"https://www.forbes.com/2011/06/09/germany-gold-standard.html#240b1a795934\">suspended the gold standard</a>, and managed to trick large swaths of the population (still to this day) that he created GDP growth at astonishing rates; the truth is, Hitler oversaw GDP recovery rate that was as average as the rest of the world's, at the time.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<img src=\"https://qph.ec.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-acaa66c55853d9baa0e207d98c0a0545\" width=\"602\" height=\"374\"/></p>\n<h1>The Persistence of Wrongness</h1>\n<p>So why do people keep parroting these beliefs? I'll leave that up for you to decide. I think its a large mix of Keynesian egos combining with the ever-present cancer being attracted to Hitler's \"bad boy image\". Lets face it, if you're a neo-Nazi, I can't imagine sound economic policy really matters all that much to you. But because this myth is so persistent (in large part thanks to the demand-siders), Neo-nazis and white supremacists alike will use whatever they can to realize their beliefs. It is the ultimate in confirmation bias.</p>\n<p>Whatever it is, it needs to stop. Real economics needs to start taking over.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<img src=\"https://steemit-production-imageproxy-upload.s3.amazonaws.com/DQmSWrJHDu5vNo39LG38v3rrNY2KoKgDsjAYd7S7pWnME8i\" width=\"650\" height=\"150\"/></p>\n<p>&nbsp;_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _</p>\n<p><strong>Follow Me On:</strong></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://twitter.com/birdarchist\"><strong>Twitter</strong></a> <strong>= For Spicy Content</strong></p>\n<p>_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>Other Citations:</strong></p>\n<p>[1] Smith, Noah. “Ben Bernanke's The Courage to Act: A Review Essay.” <em>International Finance</em>, vol. 19, no. 1, 2016, pp. 108–118., doi:10.1111/infi.12084.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>[2] George Garvy, \"Keynes and the Economic Activists of Pre-Hitler Germany,\" <em>The Journal of Political Economy</em>, Volume 83, Issue 2, April 1975, pp. 391–405&nbsp;</p>\n<p>[3] Kershaw, Ian. <em>9780192802064: The \"Hitler Myth\": Image and Reality in the Third Reich, </em>Oxford University Press, 1 Jan. 1970.</p>\n<p>[4] Ritschl, Albrecht. “Deficit Spending in the Nazi Recovery, 1933-1938: A Critical Reassessment.” <em>Institute for Empirical Research in Economics University of Zurich</em>, Dec. 2000.&nbsp;</p>\n</html>",
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      "body": "<html>\n<h1>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<img src=\"https://i.imgur.com/Co7CFyd.jpg\" width=\"384\" height=\"457\"/></h1>\n<h1>Introducing... a Bird</h1>\n<p>I found out about Steemit like everyone else: I was browsing my favorite libertarian group message and someone, probably <a href=\"https://steemit.com/@insanityisfree\">@insanityisfree</a>, mentioned something along the lines of \"You know you can get paid for blogging on Steemit?\".&nbsp;I thought, \"Jeremiah, you've really lost your mind now\". But then I looked into it.<br>\n<br>\nA little backstory: I was the first feathered, endothermic vertebrate to pass the SAT with a favorable enough score to be admitted to a nationally accredited university. I'm currently studying a double-major of Political Science &amp; Political Theory and American History (with a deep love of Medieval European History), as well as a minor in Communications &amp; Media Studies. I would say I have a ravenous hunger for knowledge in some pretty niche subjects, but before knowing about Steemit I had no reason to take that knowledge anywhere. Hopefully, that changes with every post.</p>\n<h2>What Kind of Bird Am I?</h2>\n<p>Funny you should ask! I'm a <strong>yellow canary</strong> (<em>Crithagra flaviventris</em>).<br>\n<br>\nBut that's boring!&nbsp;Let me tell you a little bit about myself.<br>\n<br>\nMy writing, and who I am as a bird (my ethics; moral code), is shaped by my beliefs as a libertarian. Now, I know what you're thinking- <em>another libertarian bird?</em> Yes! And I'll have some more information specifically about that lower. I can't promise you I'm very different from any number of other libertarian birds but what I can promise you is interesting content!<br>\n<br>\nI am an essayist. My strongest writing can be done anywhere between 15 and 30 pages. My particular interests? Western history and libertarian political theory. These interests inform almost the entirety of my writing. Sure, I love my baseball and I love my crypto, but I also know my place. I'll leave the crypto to the experts and the baseball to drunken mid-season rants about the Mets. Don't be surprised if those rants make it to this website, though!</p>\n<h2>From Nest to Now</h2>\n<p>I wish I had a cool \"How I Became a Libertarian\" story for you, but I don't. I grew up, as every bird does, watching clips of George Carlin on Youtube and having my mind blown about the stuff he would say about \"the establishment\". My favorite TV show was <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penn_%26_Teller:_Bullshit!\"><em>Penn &amp; Teller: Bullshit!</em></a>, and Penn was probably the first libertarian I'd ever heard talk about what it really meant to be libertarian. Regrettably, I totally missed the Ron Paul train. I have vague recollections of Ron Paul's 2012 Campaign, but I was never interested enough in politics to have focused on it anyway.</p>\n<p>I really feel like I \"woke up\" in and around the Summer of 2016. Specifically, I remember watching <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LnH67G7vAu4&amp;t=3619s\">The Joe Rogan Experience #820</a> with the now infamous Milo Yiannopoulos and finding myself agreeing with nearly everything Milo was saying. But, it wasn't Milo that \"red-pilled\" me (as unappealing the phrase the \"red-pilled\" is), it was Steven Crowder. During that episode of the JRE, Rogan had played a video clip of a guy dressed in a suit with a fake mustache and a bowler hat, reacting to a <a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qc1RnUS0cSM&amp;t=32s\">video of a fiery Nigel Farage giving British Parliament their comeuppance</a>. It was pretty much from \"go\" that I started following Steven Crowder and his work, and I owe a lot of my intellectual advancement to him. Funny enough, bonding over Steven Crowder is what brought my girlfriend and I together (she is not a bird; my bird parents are not pleased). But that was Act One in my political awakening.</p>\n<p>Act Two was Twitter. As much as I hate Twitter, I also deeply love it. Its full of vitriol and anger, and yet it has connected me with such wonderful people and, probably more importantly, ensured that my meme game is on point. I was introduced, or perhaps just reintroduced (considering the sentiment was always there), to the concept of libertarianism when I was followed by <a href=\"https://twitter.com/Anarchyball\">Anarchyball</a>. After a few months of back and forth, gaining and losing followers in heart-wrenching fashion, I joined a pretty large group message with some prominent libertarians. Sharing ideas and book recommendations, I took about a year to consume massive amounts of libertarian content. I credit Lysander Spooner's <a href=\"https://mises.org/library/no-treason-constitution-no-authority-0\"><em>No Treason: The Constitution of No Authority</em></a><em> </em>with solidifying my beliefs in voluntaryism. So, in summary, I went from a pretty politically uninterested person to an edgy millennial paleoconservative to whatever the heck I am now. I tend to call myself a libertarian for anyone not familiar with the more complex labels, but I regard myself most closely with being a voluntaryist minarchist (I'm sure for those who know, that alone is probably worth explaining in a good, extensive post).</p>\n<h2>What Can You Expect?</h2>\n<p>Now we're getting to the good stuff! I finally have a place to write about all of the useless ideas I have!<br>\n<br>\nMy main intention as a Steemian is to publish my writing. This includes both my short-form commentary on contemporary events and happenings in the world of politics, libertarian or otherwise, and my long-form essays on subjects of deeper interest (particularly historical analyses and case studies from which we can glean information and lessons as libertarians). I'd hopefully like to use Steemit, in regards to my long-form content, as a place to put out samples of my work, as well as a link to where a PDF of the full document can be downloaded.</p>\n<p>Most of all, I hope that whatever content I do put out reaches you. Whether you agree with it or disagree with it, the most important thing to me is that you find it compelling.</p>\n<p>I appreciate your reading this, and I hope you follow and upvote! In return, I promise moderately interesting to very interesting content in an unreliable to irregular timeframe!<br>\n_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _</p>\n<p><strong>Follow Me On:</strong></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://twitter.com/birdarchist\"><strong>Twitter</strong></a><strong> = For Spicy Content</strong></p>\n<p>_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _<br>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<img src=\"https://steemit-production-imageproxy-upload.s3.amazonaws.com/DQmRKgYYp1TzWmvqtnfbMSLZQSgUXinUxqyHyd39HZ8j7gx\" width=\"700\" height=\"180\"/></p>\n</html>",
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