Ecoer Logo

@zumen

25

A Social Media Advocate On The Abandonment of Female Genital Mutilation / Cutting

steemit.com/@zumen
VOTING POWER100.00%
DOWNVOTE POWER100.00%
RESOURCE CREDITS100.00%
REPUTATION PROGRESS0.00%
Net Worth
0.034USD
STEEM
0.000STEEM
SBD
0.000SBD
Effective Power
5.001SP
├── Own SP
0.628SP
└── Incoming Deleg
+4.373SP

Detailed Balance

STEEM
balance
0.000STEEM
market_balance
0.000STEEM
savings_balance
0.000STEEM
reward_steem_balance
0.000STEEM
STEEM POWER
Own SP
0.628SP
Delegated Out
0.000SP
Delegation In
4.373SP
Effective Power
5.001SP
Reward SP (pending)
0.000SP
SBD
sbd_balance
0.000SBD
sbd_conversions
0.000SBD
sbd_market_balance
0.000SBD
savings_sbd_balance
0.000SBD
reward_sbd_balance
0.000SBD
{
  "balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "vesting_shares": "1023.107691 VESTS",
  "delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "received_vesting_shares": "7120.552115 VESTS",
  "sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "conversions": []
}

Account Info

namezumen
id695146
rank611,603
reputation43954548
created2018-01-30T04:12:42
recovery_accountsteem
proxyNone
post_count2
comment_count0
lifetime_vote_count0
witnesses_voted_for0
last_post2018-01-31T23:04:45
last_root_post2018-01-31T23:04:45
last_vote_time1970-01-01T00:00:00
proxied_vsf_votes0, 0, 0, 0
can_vote1
voting_power0
delayed_votes0
balance0.000 STEEM
savings_balance0.000 STEEM
sbd_balance0.000 SBD
savings_sbd_balance0.000 SBD
vesting_shares1023.107691 VESTS
delegated_vesting_shares0.000000 VESTS
received_vesting_shares7120.552115 VESTS
reward_vesting_balance0.000000 VESTS
vesting_balance0.000 STEEM
vesting_withdraw_rate0.000000 VESTS
next_vesting_withdrawal1969-12-31T23:59:59
withdrawn0
to_withdraw0
withdraw_routes0
savings_withdraw_requests0
last_account_recovery1970-01-01T00:00:00
reset_accountnull
last_owner_update1970-01-01T00:00:00
last_account_update2018-01-31T21:42:09
minedNo
sbd_seconds0
sbd_last_interest_payment1970-01-01T00:00:00
savings_sbd_last_interest_payment1970-01-01T00:00:00
{
  "id": 695146,
  "name": "zumen",
  "owner": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM7b1jQdXqSqrLMc9LFKHL5BBjSPX7iBX1zwiRRmhM8ZHBsKqpRw",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "active": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM8ecooTUF6Fwt1NVxH1Rvymm1E5BQQHVfjYfUJJwLvn9nutZgwz",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "posting": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM6GXYm9vEMiNXp9HH1tUwsezoz5EHkXFUoUabnYZvV8Mb1j9xGt",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "memo_key": "STM6FmEyp8JeyhSHFTzNFxeVgjpvFXAPTqDAnwrq7WALmoYMPTpxn",
  "json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"name\":\"Nzech Bennett\",\"about\":\"A Social Media Advocate On The Abandonment of Female Genital Mutilation / Cutting\",\"location\":\"Worldwide\",\"website\":\"http://www.endcuttinggirls.org\"}}",
  "posting_json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"name\":\"Nzech Bennett\",\"about\":\"A Social Media Advocate On The Abandonment of Female Genital Mutilation / Cutting\",\"location\":\"Worldwide\",\"website\":\"http://www.endcuttinggirls.org\"}}",
  "proxy": "",
  "last_owner_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "last_account_update": "2018-01-31T21:42:09",
  "created": "2018-01-30T04:12:42",
  "mined": false,
  "recovery_account": "steem",
  "last_account_recovery": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "reset_account": "null",
  "comment_count": 0,
  "lifetime_vote_count": 0,
  "post_count": 2,
  "can_vote": true,
  "voting_manabar": {
    "current_mana": "8143659806",
    "last_update_time": 1779093765
  },
  "downvote_manabar": {
    "current_mana": 2035914951,
    "last_update_time": 1779093765
  },
  "voting_power": 0,
  "balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "sbd_seconds": "0",
  "sbd_seconds_last_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "savings_sbd_seconds": "0",
  "savings_sbd_seconds_last_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_withdraw_requests": 0,
  "reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reward_vesting_balance": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "reward_vesting_steem": "0.000 STEEM",
  "vesting_shares": "1023.107691 VESTS",
  "delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "received_vesting_shares": "7120.552115 VESTS",
  "vesting_withdraw_rate": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "next_vesting_withdrawal": "1969-12-31T23:59:59",
  "withdrawn": 0,
  "to_withdraw": 0,
  "withdraw_routes": 0,
  "curation_rewards": 0,
  "posting_rewards": 0,
  "proxied_vsf_votes": [
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0
  ],
  "witnesses_voted_for": 0,
  "last_post": "2018-01-31T23:04:45",
  "last_root_post": "2018-01-31T23:04:45",
  "last_vote_time": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "post_bandwidth": 0,
  "pending_claimed_accounts": 0,
  "vesting_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reputation": 43954548,
  "transfer_history": [],
  "market_history": [],
  "post_history": [],
  "vote_history": [],
  "other_history": [],
  "witness_votes": [],
  "tags_usage": [],
  "guest_bloggers": [],
  "rank": 611603
}

Withdraw Routes

IncomingOutgoing
Empty
Empty
{
  "incoming": [],
  "outgoing": []
}
From Date
To Date
steemdelegated 4.373 SP to @zumen
2026/05/18 08:42:45
delegatorsteem
delegateezumen
vesting shares7120.552115 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #106153557/Trx 288834490a381f7573c3372c2489844069a040d3
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "288834490a381f7573c3372c2489844069a040d3",
  "block": 106153557,
  "trx_in_block": 3,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-05-18T08:42:45",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "zumen",
      "vesting_shares": "7120.552115 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 2.707 SP to @zumen
2026/05/13 15:01:03
delegatorsteem
delegateezumen
vesting shares4407.618745 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #106017831/Trx f737ab63dcc3705f7d8ae9d83c1d8b710f0d2d31
View Raw JSON Data
{
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  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-05-13T15:01:03",
  "op": [
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    {
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      "delegatee": "zumen",
      "vesting_shares": "4407.618745 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 4.380 SP to @zumen
2026/04/26 07:50:54
delegatorsteem
delegateezumen
vesting shares7133.067871 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #105520973/Trx bce330971bf4c480faee4eb47a74087cfec65abd
View Raw JSON Data
{
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  "timestamp": "2026-04-26T07:50:54",
  "op": [
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    {
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      "delegatee": "zumen",
      "vesting_shares": "7133.067871 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 2.733 SP to @zumen
2026/01/24 06:48:00
delegatorsteem
delegateezumen
vesting shares4449.888529 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #102879351/Trx 7c274ab5b1b365e7bc04cc71583bc19aa35ac2b0
View Raw JSON Data
{
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  "timestamp": "2026-01-24T06:48:00",
  "op": [
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    {
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      "delegatee": "zumen",
      "vesting_shares": "4449.888529 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 2.833 SP to @zumen
2024/12/18 01:42:42
delegatorsteem
delegateezumen
vesting shares4614.107726 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #91325265/Trx 9dff2c1d22789399262ec6e0569f9f75712ff717
View Raw JSON Data
{
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  "trx_in_block": 2,
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  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2024-12-18T01:42:42",
  "op": [
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    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "zumen",
      "vesting_shares": "4614.107726 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 2.937 SP to @zumen
2023/11/14 17:22:33
delegatorsteem
delegateezumen
vesting shares4783.241258 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #79879373/Trx e78d616b9d98ba7558ed305bae333e09d6541aa3
View Raw JSON Data
{
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  "timestamp": "2023-11-14T17:22:33",
  "op": [
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    {
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      "delegatee": "zumen",
      "vesting_shares": "4783.241258 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 4.741 SP to @zumen
2023/09/22 13:16:36
delegatorsteem
delegateezumen
vesting shares7720.150044 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #78366318/Trx 331a11e657a8dce1a337c72a3f4890bc450a3585
View Raw JSON Data
{
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  "timestamp": "2023-09-22T13:16:36",
  "op": [
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    {
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      "delegatee": "zumen",
      "vesting_shares": "7720.150044 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 4.877 SP to @zumen
2022/11/03 20:21:09
delegatorsteem
delegateezumen
vesting shares7942.201482 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #69123593/Trx 46f55ae47149b6499a4cc51ac8ee7a773542f7b8
View Raw JSON Data
{
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  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2022-11-03T20:21:09",
  "op": [
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    {
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      "delegatee": "zumen",
      "vesting_shares": "7942.201482 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 5.012 SP to @zumen
2022/01/18 01:18:42
delegatorsteem
delegateezumen
vesting shares8162.309083 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #60826554/Trx a3f4eed8521b5a3831ad2f9966f50160c9ad3328
View Raw JSON Data
{
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  "timestamp": "2022-01-18T01:18:42",
  "op": [
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    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "zumen",
      "vesting_shares": "8162.309083 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 5.125 SP to @zumen
2021/06/14 08:23:30
delegatorsteem
delegateezumen
vesting shares8346.503371 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #54616748/Trx cba30bd6f2d8060a0923c67fab02923e8870f6e6
View Raw JSON Data
{
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  "trx_in_block": 5,
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  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2021-06-14T08:23:30",
  "op": [
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    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "zumen",
      "vesting_shares": "8346.503371 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 5.241 SP to @zumen
2020/12/11 18:33:12
delegatorsteem
delegateezumen
vesting shares8533.925345 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #49363933/Trx 5633ca83c8eb874b0bfab198bee5bdc16be8afc8
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "5633ca83c8eb874b0bfab198bee5bdc16be8afc8",
  "block": 49363933,
  "trx_in_block": 6,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-12-11T18:33:12",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "zumen",
      "vesting_shares": "8533.925345 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 1.174 SP to @zumen
2020/12/06 12:08:27
delegatorsteem
delegateezumen
vesting shares1912.543513 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #49215449/Trx 90961c987feee234a281d4ebad3cc7d83e737ec7
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "90961c987feee234a281d4ebad3cc7d83e737ec7",
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  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-12-06T12:08:27",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "zumen",
      "vesting_shares": "1912.543513 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 5.251 SP to @zumen
2020/11/26 05:56:15
delegatorsteem
delegateezumen
vesting shares8551.051962 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #48924426/Trx 2e889a1605cc0dc282aa993c1d13bcd1d210c07c
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "2e889a1605cc0dc282aa993c1d13bcd1d210c07c",
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  "trx_in_block": 8,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-11-26T05:56:15",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "zumen",
      "vesting_shares": "8551.051962 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 5.369 SP to @zumen
2020/05/09 13:13:24
delegatorsteem
delegateezumen
vesting shares8742.938558 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #43225806/Trx 63b5b11316a61594dada17d6ae48ceaee082113b
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "63b5b11316a61594dada17d6ae48ceaee082113b",
  "block": 43225806,
  "trx_in_block": 18,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-09T13:13:24",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "zumen",
      "vesting_shares": "8742.938558 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 1.200 SP to @zumen
2020/05/08 17:57:21
delegatorsteem
delegateezumen
vesting shares1953.311140 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #43203225/Trx 2b25348e50be504ef2d59705acd72819647c6945
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "2b25348e50be504ef2d59705acd72819647c6945",
  "block": 43203225,
  "trx_in_block": 9,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-08T17:57:21",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "zumen",
      "vesting_shares": "1953.311140 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 5.377 SP to @zumen
2020/04/16 04:37:30
delegatorsteem
delegateezumen
vesting shares8755.826006 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #42570696/Trx 082c0d678ec500b59e28904a84e02a179cfbc3b6
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "082c0d678ec500b59e28904a84e02a179cfbc3b6",
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  "trx_in_block": 18,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-04-16T04:37:30",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "zumen",
      "vesting_shares": "8755.826006 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
2020/01/30 08:28:24
parent authorzumen
parent permlinklast-week-tweet-conference-script-collaborating-with-traditional-birth-attendants-tbas-to-educate-their-clients-about-fgm-c
authorsteemitboard
permlinksteemitboard-notify-zumen-20200130t082824000z
title
bodyCongratulations @zumen! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@zumen/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table> <sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@zumen) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=zumen)_</sub> ###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!
json metadata{"image":["https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png"]}
Transaction InfoBlock #40376045/Trx 41081cee3779e4c3b4751e34988688d6832af3f9
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "41081cee3779e4c3b4751e34988688d6832af3f9",
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  "trx_in_block": 6,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-01-30T08:28:24",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "zumen",
      "parent_permlink": "last-week-tweet-conference-script-collaborating-with-traditional-birth-attendants-tbas-to-educate-their-clients-about-fgm-c",
      "author": "steemitboard",
      "permlink": "steemitboard-notify-zumen-20200130t082824000z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Congratulations @zumen! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@zumen/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@zumen) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=zumen)_</sub>\n\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
      "json_metadata": "{\"image\":[\"https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png\"]}"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 5.497 SP to @zumen
2019/05/12 21:45:18
delegatorsteem
delegateezumen
vesting shares8951.442819 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #32853705/Trx 1d1e9ab3c5fcfab0ce2295d1e6810a6ef281e285
View Raw JSON Data
{
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  "trx_in_block": 24,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2019-05-12T21:45:18",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "zumen",
      "vesting_shares": "8951.442819 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
2019/01/30 10:46:54
parent authorzumen
parent permlinklast-week-tweet-conference-script-collaborating-with-traditional-birth-attendants-tbas-to-educate-their-clients-about-fgm-c
authorsteemitboard
permlinksteemitboard-notify-zumen-20190130t104653000z
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bodyCongratulations @zumen! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@zumen/birthday1.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 1 year!</td></tr></table> <sub>_[Click here to view your Board](https://steemitboard.com/@zumen)_</sub> > Support [SteemitBoard's project](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)! **[Vote for its witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1)** and **get one more award**!
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steemdelegated 5.619 SP to @zumen
2018/05/17 03:58:42
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2018/02/01 07:56:06
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2018/01/31 23:04:45
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authorzumen
permlinklast-week-tweet-conference-script-collaborating-with-traditional-birth-attendants-tbas-to-educate-their-clients-about-fgm-c
titleLAST WEEK TWEET CONFERENCE SCRIPT: “Collaborating With Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAS) To Educate Their Clients About FGM/C“
body<html> <p><img src="http://endcuttinggirls.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/5th-quarter-WK-4-768x776.jpg" width="768" height="776"/></p> <p><br></p> <ol> <li>&nbsp;Good evening. Welcome to today’s tweet conference. I am @VARCENigeria, your anchor, and my co-anchors are @mbaoyii and @robinson4eva …#EndCuttingGirls @endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li> <li>Today, we shall be focusing on the topic “<strong>COLLABORATING WITH TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS (TBAs) TO EDUCATE THEIR CLIENTS ABOUT FGM/C</strong>” #EndCuttingGirls @endcuttinggirls</li> <li>FGM/C stands for Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting. #EndCuttingGirls @endcuttinggirls</li> <li>FGM/C refers to all procedures involving partial or total removal of &nbsp;the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital &nbsp;organs for cultural or other non-medical reasons #EndCuttingGirls &nbsp;@endcuttinggirls</li> <li>The World Health Organisation (WHO) classifies FGM/C into 4 types. #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls</li> <li>Type 1: partial or total removal of the clitoris and/or the prepuce (Clitoridectomy). #endcuttinggirls</li> <li>Type 2: partial or total removal of clitoris and labia minora, with &nbsp;or without excision of &amp; labia majora (excision). #endcuttinggirls</li> <li>Type 3: narrowing the vaginal opening by appositioning labia minora &nbsp;or labia majora, with/without excision of clitoris (infibulation) &nbsp;#endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls</li> <li>Type 4: unclassified:all other harmful procedures to the female &nbsp;genitalia for non-medical purposes, e.g. cauterization. #endcuttinggirls &nbsp;@endcuttinggirls</li> <li>10a. The centuries-old practice of FGM/C is a social norm, #EndCuttingGirls @endcuttinggirls &nbsp;&nbsp;10b. Buttressed by underlying gender structures &amp;power relations &nbsp;and deeply rooted in tradition. #EndCuttingGirls @endcuttinggirls &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li> <li>In Africa, FGM/C is known to be practiced among certain communities &nbsp;in 29 countries, including Nigeria. #EndCuttingGirls @endcuttinggirls</li> <li>FGM/C is usually carried out by Traditional Birth Attendant (TBAs) &nbsp;in the community (usually, but not exclusively, women) designated to &nbsp;perform this task #EndCuttingGirls @endcuttinggirls</li> <li>Where it is widely practiced, FGM/C is supported by both men and &nbsp;women, usually without question, and anyone that does not follow the &nbsp;norm may face condemnation, harassment and ostracism. #EndCuttingGirls &nbsp;@endcuttinggirls</li> <li>Where FGM/C is a social norm; it is difficult for families to &nbsp;abandon it without support from the wider community. In these &nbsp;communities, it is often practiced even when it is known to inflict harm &nbsp;upon girls has most of the TBAs are also the custodian of the community &nbsp;tradition. #EndCuttingGirls @endcuttinggirls</li> <li>Because the perceived social benefits of the practice are deemed &nbsp;higher than its disadvantages. #EndCuttingGirls @endcuttinggirls</li> <li>The practice of FGM has physical, psychological and psychosocial &nbsp;effects on girls and women. These effects are experienced on short and &nbsp;long-term basis. Although the physical effects are quantifiable and as &nbsp;such given adequate consideration, psychological aspects of the practice &nbsp;cannot be overlooked as it affects the overall mental well-being of &nbsp;girls and women. #endcuttinggirls</li> <li>Survivors experience immediate trauma which stems from pain, shock &nbsp;and the use of physical force by those performing FGM. It has also been &nbsp;found out that this trauma experienced through FGM stays with women &nbsp;forever. #endcuttinggirls</li> <li>Sexual phobia: women who have undergone FGM are more likely to &nbsp;experience painful intercourse, reduced sexual satisfaction and sexual &nbsp;desire. Women may also experience embarrassment about intimacy and more &nbsp;difficulty reaching orgasm. This is likely to adversely affect marital &nbsp;relationships, with the women bearing the blame for such occurrences. &nbsp;#endcuttinggirls</li> <li>Some survivors experience a sense of betrayal by someone emotionally &nbsp;close to them because in many cases, girls are held down by their &nbsp;relatives while FGM is carried out. This could in turn lead to feelings &nbsp;of resentment and withdrawal from such persons. #endcuttinggirls</li> <li>Flashbacks and sleep disorders: Girls who experienced FGM at &nbsp;relatively older ages are likely to become emotionally unstable at &nbsp;intervals when they read about FGM or remember the process. Images of &nbsp;the scenario are always fresh in their memories leading to inability to &nbsp;concentrate, behavioural and sleep disorders. #endcuttinggirls</li> <li>Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD): FGM is very likely to cause &nbsp;various emotional disturbances which could lead to psychiatric disorders &nbsp;such as PTSD. This could also associate with memory dysfunction. &nbsp;#endcuttinggirls</li> <li>The effects of FGM/C stem beyond the medical effects. We also have &nbsp;Psychological and emotional effects which are rarely considered. &nbsp;#endcuttinggirls</li> <li>A lady who has undergone female genital mutilation is likely to &nbsp;experience some psychological trauma. Some of which include; &nbsp;Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): this is mostly common amongst &nbsp;ladies who can remember their FGM experience. The shock tends to come &nbsp;back to them every time they have a memory of it. #endcuttinggirls</li> <li>Ladies who have undergone FGM tend to have the same level of shock &nbsp;as adult who were subjected to Child Abuse #endcuttinggirls &nbsp;@endcuttinggirls</li> <li>Mood swings: as a lady who has been mutilated reads and learns more &nbsp;about what has been done and it’s possible effects, her mood start to &nbsp;change. From a feeling of hope to hopelessness, etc. #endcuttinggirls &nbsp;@endcuttinggirls</li> <li>Feeling of worthlessness: a number of people who have not been &nbsp;properly educated on FGM/C related issues tend to make careless remarks &nbsp;as regards the experience and those who have undergone it. These remarks &nbsp;might leave an FGM survivor feeling worthless. As though, a vital part &nbsp;of her has been taken away. #endcuttinggirls</li> <li>Drawn and untrustful: survivors of FGM/C tend to be drawn and keep &nbsp;to themselves and have a hard time trusting people. This could be due to &nbsp;the fact that those they trusted to protect them have unknowingly &nbsp;inflicted pain and a scar. #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls</li> <li>Anger: the anger survivors feel towards the cutters and other family &nbsp;members that were involved in the process could, if not attended to, &nbsp;spread and generally make such a person develop anger control issues. &nbsp;#endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls</li> <li>Feeling of guilt, shame and fear: a lady who has been mutilated if &nbsp;not properly educated on the issue can go about carry a feeling of &nbsp;guilt, shame and fear. #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls</li> <li>Sexual Phobia: this experience can lead to painful sex and cause the &nbsp;lady to develop a sort of phobia to sex. This could in turn take its &nbsp;toll on their spousal relationships. #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls</li> <li>Depression and suicidal ideas: often times ladies who have been &nbsp;mutilated and have not had a chance to discuss this experience with &nbsp;specialists or anyone at all, tend to fall into depression which if not &nbsp;controlled, could birth suicidal thoughts. #endcuttinggirls &nbsp;@endcuttinggirls</li> <li>Understanding that FGM/C in some culture is a norm necessitates the &nbsp;need for partnership with relevant stakeholders. #endcuttinggirls &nbsp;@endcuttinggirls</li> <li>Also, identifying the right stakeholders and engaging them &nbsp;successfully is pivotal to #endcuttinggirls as it sets the tone for the &nbsp;partnership that can help reverse this trend @endcuttinggirls</li> <li>Asides traditional rulers and community leaders, TBAs are major &nbsp;stakeholders that cannot be left behind in achieving an FGM/C free &nbsp;generation. #endcuttinggirls</li> <li>36: Traditional birth attendants are women and men in the communities &nbsp;and villages who help pregnant women deliver their babies, and at most &nbsp;times, gain knowledge of the practice from their fore-fathers. &nbsp;#endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li> <li>37: they are the first port of call for health issues relating to &nbsp;women and children in rural setting #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li> <li>38: TBAs form a major number of the local performers (circumcisers) &nbsp;of FGM/C in their localities #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li> <li>39: The role of the TBAs in providing available health care to &nbsp;pregnant and non-pregnant women in the communities cannot be &nbsp;overemphasized. #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li> <li>40: The circle of TBAs remain one through which can speed up our reach and aid our goals to #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li> <li>41: Partnering and engaging TBAs would be effective when we clearly &nbsp;define how they can help to implement FGM/C abandonment in their various &nbsp;local communities. #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li> <li>42: we can engage them by doing an awareness program for TBAs, &nbsp;highlight the complications of FGM/C and encourage them to become &nbsp;advocates of FGM/C abandonment within and outside their communities. &nbsp;#endcuttinggirls &nbsp;@endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li> <li>43: TBAs can function in line with their already-defined roles as advocates and law enforcers. #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li> <li>44: As custodians of culture and highly-revered people in their &nbsp;communities, when TBAs become advocates of FGM/C abandonment, it gives &nbsp;the message “divine credibility” #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li> <li>45: Being advocates erases the doubt of whether FGM/C is still acceptable in such communities. #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li> <li>46: They will also lead discussions in the community which helps to &nbsp;banish the culture of silence around the practice #endcuttinggirls &nbsp;@endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li> <li>47: TBAs can also share experiences and events that have occurred in &nbsp;their line of practice about FGM/C. #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls &nbsp;&nbsp;</li> <li>47b: In 2016, according to a report in Sun newspaper, TBAs &nbsp;practitioners in Ebonyi state made open confessions and dropped their &nbsp;blades with which they cut the genitals of female children and embraced &nbsp;the call against FGM #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls &nbsp;&nbsp;</li> <li>47c: This is a clear sign that when the TBAs are collaborated on &nbsp;this, it will speed up the abandonment of FGM/C #endcuttinggirls &nbsp;@endcuttinggirls &nbsp;&nbsp;</li> <li>48: According to Mrs Gloria Okorie a TBA from IVO in Ebonyi state, &nbsp;““I thought I was doing female children well when I was cutting their &nbsp;female organ after birth. I thought doing that will make them complete &nbsp;and bear children when they grow up” #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls &nbsp;&nbsp;</li> <li>49: “I have been telling people that I no longer do it. Even people &nbsp;are still coming to me to circumcise their female children and I use to &nbsp;tell them no, I don’t do it anymore. And if I see anyone doing it, I &nbsp;will personally report the person to the police #endcuttinggirls &nbsp;@endcuttinggirls &nbsp;&nbsp;</li> <li>49b: The above confession from Mrs Gloria shows that the &nbsp;collaboration with TBAs can’t be overemphasized and will yield desired &nbsp;result. #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls &nbsp;&nbsp;</li> <li>50: When TBAs function as law enforcers, they help ensure that &nbsp;community members respect the country and community’s law in protecting &nbsp;the rights of the girl child, from discrimination and violation &nbsp;#endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li> <li>51: They can also be empowered to set up and oversee bodies that &nbsp;would monitor the activities of circumcisers in their communities, to &nbsp;ensure that the girl child is no longer subjected to FGM/C &nbsp;#endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls &nbsp;&nbsp;</li> <li>52: Organize a capacity building program for the community health &nbsp;extension workers alongside TBAs this will enhance their life saving &nbsp;skills #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li> <li>53: Advice the TBAs to make sure women are educated about FGM/C when &nbsp;they visit for delivery of new born and health care #endcuttinggirls &nbsp;@endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li> <li>54: We share this belief that when TBAs stop practicing FGM/C that &nbsp;the people will have no other choice than to abandon the practice &nbsp;because most. #EndCuttingGirls @endcuttinggirls &nbsp;&nbsp;</li> </ol> <p><br></p> <p>We have come to the end of today twitter conference. It’s question time. #EndCuttingGirls @endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</p> <p><br></p> <p><strong>PLEASE JOIN US EVERY THURSDAY AT TWITTER FROM 5:00PM - 7:00PM USING THE HASHTAG #ENDCUTTINGGIRLS&nbsp;</strong></p> </html>
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      "permlink": "last-week-tweet-conference-script-collaborating-with-traditional-birth-attendants-tbas-to-educate-their-clients-about-fgm-c",
      "title": "LAST WEEK TWEET CONFERENCE SCRIPT: “Collaborating With Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAS) To Educate Their Clients About FGM/C“",
      "body": "<html>\n<p><img src=\"http://endcuttinggirls.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/5th-quarter-WK-4-768x776.jpg\" width=\"768\" height=\"776\"/></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<ol>\n  <li>&nbsp;Good evening. Welcome to today’s tweet conference. I am @VARCENigeria, your anchor, and my co-anchors are @mbaoyii and @robinson4eva …#EndCuttingGirls @endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li>\n  <li>Today, we shall be focusing on the topic “<strong>COLLABORATING WITH TRADITIONAL BIRTH ATTENDANTS (TBAs) TO EDUCATE THEIR CLIENTS ABOUT FGM/C</strong>” #EndCuttingGirls @endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>FGM/C stands for Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting. #EndCuttingGirls @endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>FGM/C refers to all procedures involving partial or total removal of &nbsp;the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital &nbsp;organs for cultural or other non-medical reasons #EndCuttingGirls &nbsp;@endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>The World Health Organisation (WHO) classifies FGM/C into 4 types. #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>Type 1: partial or total removal of the clitoris and/or the prepuce (Clitoridectomy). #endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>Type 2: partial or total removal of clitoris and labia minora, with &nbsp;or without excision of &amp; labia majora (excision). #endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>Type 3: narrowing the vaginal opening by appositioning labia minora &nbsp;or labia majora, with/without excision of clitoris (infibulation) &nbsp;#endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>Type 4: unclassified:all other harmful procedures to the female &nbsp;genitalia for non-medical purposes, e.g. cauterization. #endcuttinggirls &nbsp;@endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>10a. The centuries-old practice of FGM/C is a social norm, #EndCuttingGirls @endcuttinggirls &nbsp;&nbsp;10b. Buttressed by underlying gender structures &amp;power relations &nbsp;and deeply rooted in tradition. #EndCuttingGirls @endcuttinggirls &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</li>\n  <li>In Africa, FGM/C is known to be practiced among certain communities &nbsp;in 29 countries, including Nigeria. #EndCuttingGirls @endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>FGM/C is usually carried out by Traditional Birth Attendant (TBAs) &nbsp;in the community (usually, but not exclusively, women) designated to &nbsp;perform this task #EndCuttingGirls @endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>Where it is widely practiced, FGM/C is supported by both men and &nbsp;women, usually without question, and anyone that does not follow the &nbsp;norm may face condemnation, harassment and ostracism. #EndCuttingGirls &nbsp;@endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>Where FGM/C is a social norm; it is difficult for families to &nbsp;abandon it without support from the wider community. In these &nbsp;communities, it is often practiced even when it is known to inflict harm &nbsp;upon girls has most of the TBAs are also the custodian of the community &nbsp;tradition. #EndCuttingGirls @endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>Because the perceived social benefits of the practice are deemed &nbsp;higher than its disadvantages. #EndCuttingGirls @endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>The practice of FGM has physical, psychological and psychosocial &nbsp;effects on girls and women. These effects are experienced on short and &nbsp;long-term basis. Although the physical effects are quantifiable and as &nbsp;such given adequate consideration, psychological aspects of the practice &nbsp;cannot be overlooked as it affects the overall mental well-being of &nbsp;girls and women. #endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>Survivors experience immediate trauma which stems from pain, shock &nbsp;and the use of physical force by those performing FGM. It has also been &nbsp;found out that this trauma experienced through FGM stays with women &nbsp;forever. #endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>Sexual phobia: women who have undergone FGM are more likely to &nbsp;experience painful intercourse, reduced sexual satisfaction and sexual &nbsp;desire. Women may also experience embarrassment about intimacy and more &nbsp;difficulty reaching orgasm. This is likely to adversely affect marital &nbsp;relationships, with the women bearing the blame for such occurrences. &nbsp;#endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>Some survivors experience a sense of betrayal by someone emotionally &nbsp;close to them because in many cases, girls are held down by their &nbsp;relatives while FGM is carried out. This could in turn lead to feelings &nbsp;of resentment and withdrawal from such persons. #endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>Flashbacks and sleep disorders: Girls who experienced FGM at &nbsp;relatively older ages are likely to become emotionally unstable at &nbsp;intervals when they read about FGM or remember the process. Images of &nbsp;the scenario are always fresh in their memories leading to inability to &nbsp;concentrate, behavioural and sleep disorders. #endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD): FGM is very likely to cause &nbsp;various emotional disturbances which could lead to psychiatric disorders &nbsp;such as PTSD. This could also associate with memory dysfunction. &nbsp;#endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>The effects of FGM/C stem beyond the medical effects. We also have &nbsp;Psychological and emotional effects which are rarely considered. &nbsp;#endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>A lady who has undergone female genital mutilation is likely to &nbsp;experience some psychological trauma. Some of which include; &nbsp;Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): this is mostly common amongst &nbsp;ladies who can remember their FGM experience. The shock tends to come &nbsp;back to them every time they have a memory of it. #endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>Ladies who have undergone FGM tend to have the same level of shock &nbsp;as adult who were subjected to Child Abuse #endcuttinggirls &nbsp;@endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>Mood swings: as a lady who has been mutilated reads and learns more &nbsp;about what has been done and it’s possible effects, her mood start to &nbsp;change. From a feeling of hope to hopelessness, etc. #endcuttinggirls &nbsp;@endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>Feeling of worthlessness: a number of people who have not been &nbsp;properly educated on FGM/C related issues tend to make careless remarks &nbsp;as regards the experience and those who have undergone it. These remarks &nbsp;might leave an FGM survivor feeling worthless. As though, a vital part &nbsp;of her has been taken away. #endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>Drawn and untrustful: survivors of FGM/C tend to be drawn and keep &nbsp;to themselves and have a hard time trusting people. This could be due to &nbsp;the fact that those they trusted to protect them have unknowingly &nbsp;inflicted pain and a scar. #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>Anger: the anger survivors feel towards the cutters and other family &nbsp;members that were involved in the process could, if not attended to, &nbsp;spread and generally make such a person develop anger control issues. &nbsp;#endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>Feeling of guilt, shame and fear: a lady who has been mutilated if &nbsp;not properly educated on the issue can go about carry a feeling of &nbsp;guilt, shame and fear. #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>Sexual Phobia: this experience can lead to painful sex and cause the &nbsp;lady to develop a sort of phobia to sex. This could in turn take its &nbsp;toll on their spousal relationships. #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>Depression and suicidal ideas: often times ladies who have been &nbsp;mutilated and have not had a chance to discuss this experience with &nbsp;specialists or anyone at all, tend to fall into depression which if not &nbsp;controlled, could birth suicidal thoughts. #endcuttinggirls &nbsp;@endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>Understanding that FGM/C in some culture is a norm necessitates the &nbsp;need for partnership with relevant stakeholders. #endcuttinggirls &nbsp;@endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>Also, identifying the right stakeholders and engaging them &nbsp;successfully is pivotal to #endcuttinggirls as it sets the tone for the &nbsp;partnership that can help reverse this trend @endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>Asides traditional rulers and community leaders, TBAs are major &nbsp;stakeholders that cannot be left behind in achieving an FGM/C free &nbsp;generation. #endcuttinggirls</li>\n  <li>36: Traditional birth attendants are women and men in the communities &nbsp;and villages who help pregnant women deliver their babies, and at most &nbsp;times, gain knowledge of the practice from their fore-fathers. &nbsp;#endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li>\n  <li>37: they are the first port of call for health issues relating to &nbsp;women and children in rural setting #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li>\n  <li>38: TBAs form a major number of the local performers (circumcisers) &nbsp;of FGM/C in their localities #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li>\n  <li>39: The role of the TBAs in providing available health care to &nbsp;pregnant and non-pregnant women in the communities cannot be &nbsp;overemphasized. #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li>\n  <li>40: The circle of TBAs remain one through which can speed up our reach and aid our goals to #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li>\n  <li>41: Partnering and engaging TBAs would be effective when we clearly &nbsp;define how they can help to implement FGM/C abandonment in their various &nbsp;local communities. #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li>\n  <li>42: we can engage them by doing an awareness program for TBAs, &nbsp;highlight the complications of FGM/C and encourage them to become &nbsp;advocates of FGM/C abandonment within and outside their communities. &nbsp;#endcuttinggirls &nbsp;@endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li>\n  <li>43: TBAs can function in line with their already-defined roles as advocates and law enforcers. #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li>\n  <li>44: As custodians of culture and highly-revered people in their &nbsp;communities, when TBAs become advocates of FGM/C abandonment, it gives &nbsp;the message “divine credibility” #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li>\n  <li>45: Being advocates erases the doubt of whether FGM/C is still acceptable in such communities. #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li>\n  <li>46: They will also lead discussions in the community which helps to &nbsp;banish the culture of silence around the practice #endcuttinggirls &nbsp;@endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li>\n  <li>47: TBAs can also share experiences and events that have occurred in &nbsp;their line of practice about FGM/C. #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls &nbsp;&nbsp;</li>\n  <li>47b: In 2016, according to a report in Sun newspaper, TBAs &nbsp;practitioners in Ebonyi state made open confessions and dropped their &nbsp;blades with which they cut the genitals of female children and embraced &nbsp;the call against FGM #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls &nbsp;&nbsp;</li>\n  <li>47c: This is a clear sign that when the TBAs are collaborated on &nbsp;this, it will speed up the abandonment of FGM/C #endcuttinggirls &nbsp;@endcuttinggirls &nbsp;&nbsp;</li>\n  <li>48: According to Mrs Gloria Okorie a TBA from IVO in Ebonyi state, &nbsp;““I thought I was doing female children well when I was cutting their &nbsp;female organ after birth. I thought doing that will make them complete &nbsp;and bear children when they grow up” #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls &nbsp;&nbsp;</li>\n  <li>49: “I have been telling people that I no longer do it. Even people &nbsp;are still coming to me to circumcise their female children and I use to &nbsp;tell them no, I don’t do it anymore. And if I see anyone doing it, I &nbsp;will personally report the person to the police #endcuttinggirls &nbsp;@endcuttinggirls &nbsp;&nbsp;</li>\n  <li>49b: The above confession from Mrs Gloria shows that the &nbsp;collaboration with TBAs can’t be overemphasized and will yield desired &nbsp;result. #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls &nbsp;&nbsp;</li>\n  <li>50: When TBAs function as law enforcers, they help ensure that &nbsp;community members respect the country and community’s law in protecting &nbsp;the rights of the girl child, from discrimination and violation &nbsp;#endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li>\n  <li>51: They can also be empowered to set up and oversee bodies that &nbsp;would monitor the activities of circumcisers in their communities, to &nbsp;ensure that the girl child is no longer subjected to FGM/C &nbsp;#endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls &nbsp;&nbsp;</li>\n  <li>52: Organize a capacity building program for the community health &nbsp;extension workers alongside TBAs this will enhance their life saving &nbsp;skills #endcuttinggirls @endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li>\n  <li>53: Advice the TBAs to make sure women are educated about FGM/C when &nbsp;they visit for delivery of new born and health care #endcuttinggirls &nbsp;@endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</li>\n  <li>54: We share this belief that when TBAs stop practicing FGM/C that &nbsp;the people will have no other choice than to abandon the practice &nbsp;because most. #EndCuttingGirls @endcuttinggirls &nbsp;&nbsp;</li>\n</ol>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>We have come to the end of today twitter conference. It’s question time. #EndCuttingGirls @endcuttinggirls&nbsp;</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p><strong>PLEASE JOIN US EVERY THURSDAY AT TWITTER FROM 5:00PM - 7:00PM USING THE HASHTAG #ENDCUTTINGGIRLS&nbsp;</strong></p>\n</html>",
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2018/01/31 22:24:00
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2018/01/31 22:23:57
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2018/01/31 22:23:42
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titleWHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION / CUTTING. - PART 1
body<html> <p><img src="https://assets.change.org/photos/1/an/ug/wRanUGFDNYzNBvo-800x450-noPad.jpg?1448973993" width="478" height="300"/></p> <p><br></p> <p><strong>Fеmаlе genital mutіlаtіоn/cutting (FGM/C)</strong> involves thе removal of thе сlіtоrіѕ, іnnеr-аnd-оutеr lірѕ оf thе vаgіnа, and the sewing оr ѕtарlіng tоgеthеr оf thе two ѕіdеѕ of thе vulvа lеаvіng оnlу a ѕmаll hоlе to раѕѕ urіnе and mеnѕtruаtе – dереndіng оn the tуре.&nbsp;</p> <p>OR</p> <p><strong>Female gеnіtаl mutіlаtіоn (FGM)</strong> comprises аll рrосеdurеѕ іnvоlvіng partial оr tоtаl rеmоvаl of the female еxtеrnаl genitalia оr оthеr іnjurу tо the fеmаlе genital оrgаnѕ for nоn-mеdісаl rеаѕоnѕ.</p> <p>&nbsp;Typically FGM is performed with a razor blade on girls between the ages of four and 12, traditionally without anaesthetic. &nbsp;<br> FGM can lead to severe bleeding, pain, complete loss of sensitivity, &nbsp;complications during childbirth, infertility, severe pain during sex, &nbsp;recurring infections and urine retention. And in some cases it is &nbsp;lethal. Unlike male circumcision, female genital mutilation also &nbsp;inhibits sexual pleasure. &nbsp;</p> <p>Firstly let looking into the various types of FGM/C that we have. There are 4 types of FGM/C which is been practiced on our females/girl child.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Types of FGM</strong></p> <p>&nbsp;Female genital mutilation is classified into four types: &nbsp;</p> <ul> <li><strong>Type I:</strong> Also known as <strong>clitoridectomy</strong>, this type consists of partial or total removal of the clitoris and/or its prepuce.</li> </ul> <p><img src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2014/5/16/1400261602062/6ec002e6-f974-475e-9db5-89eb6d8ed236-460x433.png?w=620&amp;q=55&amp;auto=format&amp;usm=12&amp;fit=max&amp;s=2b1ec909764700d3446f1eb7748f5bf3" width="460" height="433"/></p> <p><br></p> <ul> <li><strong>Type II: </strong>Also &nbsp;known as <strong>excision</strong>, the clitoris and labia minora are partially or &nbsp;totally removed, with or without excision of the labia majora.</li> </ul> <p><img src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2014/5/16/1400262105865/75ed813f-4e3b-4cb5-b2ab-c460a1098205-460x460.png?w=620&amp;q=55&amp;auto=format&amp;usm=12&amp;fit=max&amp;s=72cb2802c823bae71e110806424596cb" width="460" height="460"/></p> <p><br></p> <ul> <li><strong>Type III:</strong> &nbsp;The most severe form, it is also known as <strong>infibulation</strong> or <strong>pharaonic</strong> &nbsp;type. The procedure consists of narrowing the vaginal orifice with &nbsp;creation of a covering seal by cutting and appositioning the labia &nbsp;minora and/or labia majora, with or without removal of the clitoris. The &nbsp;appositioning of the wound edges consists of stitching or holding the &nbsp;cut areas together for a certain period of time (for example, girls’ &nbsp;legs are bound together), to create the covering seal. A small opening &nbsp;is left for urine and menstrual blood to escape. An infibulation must be &nbsp;opened either through penetrative sexual intercourse or surgery.</li> </ul> <p><img src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2014/5/16/1400262222641/8a85e5c0-a57b-4426-94cf-1466716340bb-460x460.png?w=620&amp;q=55&amp;auto=format&amp;usm=12&amp;fit=max&amp;s=e4af95273c8e264970b768b8647917f3" width="460" height="460"/></p> <p><br></p> <ul> <li><strong>Type IV:</strong> &nbsp;This type consists of all other procedures to the genitalia of women &nbsp;for non-medical purposes, such as pricking, piercing, incising, scraping &nbsp;and cauterization.</li> </ul> <p>Recent estimates indicate that around &nbsp;90% of cases include clitoridectomy, excision or cases where girls’ &nbsp;genitals are “nicked” but no flesh removed (Type IV), and about 10% are &nbsp;infibulations (WHO). &nbsp;</p> <p><br></p> <p><strong>Complications of FGM</strong></p> <p>There are numerous forms of complications in female genital mutilation which are not good to our girl child. The following are complications of FGM/C</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2>Short term complications</h2> <h3>Haemorrhage</h3> <p>Haemorrhage is one of the most common complications of FGM, as &nbsp;excision of the clitoris involves cutting across the high pressure &nbsp;clitoral artery and attempts to stop bleeding may not be effective. &nbsp;Acute extensive bleeding can lead to haemorrhagic shock or even sudden &nbsp;death in the case of cataclysmic haemorrhage.&nbsp;</p> <h3>Shock</h3> <p>Shock may occur because of blood loss and the severe pain and trauma &nbsp;of the procedure. Both haemorrhagic and neurogenic shock can be fatal.&nbsp;</p> <h3>Pain</h3> <p>The majority of mutilation procedures are performed without &nbsp;anaesthetics and cause the girl severe pain. Even if a local anaesthetic &nbsp;is used, multiple insertions of the needle are often required.&nbsp;</p> <h3>Urinary retention</h3> <p>Urinary Retention is very common and may last for hours or days. It &nbsp;is commonly due to pain, tissue swelling, inflammation, injury to the &nbsp;urethra, and fear of passing urine on the raw wound.&nbsp;</p> <h3>Injury to adjacent tissue</h3> <p>Injury to the urethra, vagina, perineum and rectum can result from &nbsp;the use of crude instruments, poor light, careless techniques, or from &nbsp;the struggles of the girl.&nbsp;</p> <h3>Infection</h3> <p>Infection commonly occurs for a number of reasons; unhygenic &nbsp;conditions, the use of unsterilized instruments, applications of &nbsp;traditional herbs or ashes to the wound, contamination of the wound with &nbsp;urine and/or faeces, or binding of the legs following infibulation &nbsp;which prevents wound drainage. Septicaemia and tetanus may also develop.&nbsp;</p> <h3>Fracture or dislocation</h3> <p>Fracture of the clavicle, femur, humerus or hip joint can occur if &nbsp;heavy pressure is applied to a struggling girl during the procedure - as &nbsp;often occurs when several adults hold her down.&nbsp;</p> <h3>Failure to heal</h3> <p>Wounds may fail to heal quickly because of infection, irritation from urine, underlying anaemia or malnutrition.&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <h2><strong>Long term complications</strong></h2> <h3>Difficulties with micturition</h3> <p>Difficulties can occur due to damage to the urethral opening, &nbsp;obstruction of the urinary opening, or scarring of the meatus - and can &nbsp;lead to chronic incontinence or difficulty passing urine. For many &nbsp;infibulated girls, passing urine can take up to 20 minutes when they are &nbsp;still virgins.&nbsp;</p> <h3>Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIS)</h3> <p>Partial occlusion of the vagina and urethra means the normal flow of &nbsp;urine is deflected and the perineum remains constantly wet and &nbsp;susceptible to bacterial growth. Retrograde UTI's therefore commonly &nbsp;occur, affecting the bladder, uterus and kidneys. Damage to the lower &nbsp;urinary tract during the procedure can also result in urinary tract &nbsp;infections.&nbsp;</p> <h3>Chronic pelvic infections</h3> <p>Partial occlusion of the vagina and urethra increases the likelihood &nbsp;of infection and ascending pelvic infections are common. The infections &nbsp;are often painful and may be accompanied by a noxious discharge &nbsp;spreading to the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries - and frequently &nbsp;become chronic.&nbsp;</p> <h3>Infertility</h3> <p>Infertility can occur due to chronic pelvic infections causing irreparable damage to the reproductive organs.&nbsp;</p> <h3>Vulvul abscesses</h3> <p>Vulval abscesses develop due to deep infection resulting from faulty &nbsp;healing or an embedded stitch causing the formation of an abscess.&nbsp;</p> <h3>Neurinoma</h3> <p>Neurinoma can develop when the dorsal nerve of the clitoris is cut or &nbsp;trapped in a stitch or in scar tissue. The surrounding area becomes &nbsp;hypersensitive and unbearably painful.&nbsp;</p> <h3>Keloid scars</h3> <p>Keloid scars result from slow and incomplete healing of the wound and &nbsp;the production of excess scar tissue. The scars may obstruct the &nbsp;vaginal opening and be so extensive that they prevent penile &nbsp;penetration.&nbsp;</p> <h3>Dermoid cysts</h3> <p>Dermoid cysts result from inclusion of the epithelium during healing, &nbsp;leading to swelling or pockets producing secretion. The cysts vary in &nbsp;size, are extremely painful and can prevent sexual intercourse.&nbsp;</p> <h3>Calculus formation</h3> <p>Calculus formation develop due to menstrual debris or urinary &nbsp;deposits in the vagina or in the space behind the bridge of the scar &nbsp;tissue.&nbsp;</p> <h3>Fistulae</h3> <p>Vesico-vaginal or recto-vaginal fistulae can form as a result of &nbsp;injury during circumcision, de-infibulation, re-infibulation, sexual &nbsp;intercourse, or obstructed labour. Urinary and faecal incontinence may &nbsp;be lifelong with severe social consequences.&nbsp;</p> <h3>Difficulties with menstruation</h3> <p>Partial or total occlusion of the vaginal opening commonly results in &nbsp;dysmenorrhoea or amenorrhea. Haematocolpos occasionally occurs from the &nbsp;retention of menstrual blood due to the almost complete coalescence of &nbsp;the labia.&nbsp;</p> <h3>Increased risk of HIV transmission</h3> <p>There is an increased risk of HIV transmission due to the use of the &nbsp;same unsterile instruments in-group circumcisions, repeated cutting and &nbsp;stitching during labour, and the higher incidence of lacerations and &nbsp;abrasions during intercourse.&nbsp;</p> <h2>Sexual complications</h2> <p>Many women who have undergone FGM experience various forms and &nbsp;degrees of sexual aberrations. These may include fear associated with &nbsp;initial sexual intercourse, pain associated with sexual intercourse, &nbsp;difficulty or inability to have sexual intercourse, vaginismus, and &nbsp;decreased sexual pleasure and fulfilment.&nbsp;</p> <p>It is difficult to assess the &nbsp;impact of FGM on women's sexual fulfilment however, as each individual &nbsp;woman with FGM will be affected differently. Factors such as the type of &nbsp;FGM and the amount of tissue removed, the extent of scarring, the &nbsp;experience of the initial procedure, cultural and social expectations, &nbsp;and affection and bonding in sexual relationships will all impact &nbsp;directly on sexuality and sexual functioning. <a href="http://fgm.co.nz/complications-of-fgm/#top">[back to top]</a> &nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <h2>Childbirth complications</h2> <p>There are a range of childbirth complications that can be associated &nbsp;with FGM, particularly with Type 3 FGM (infibulation). The extent of the &nbsp;complications varies depending on factors such as the type of FGM, &nbsp;parity, and the nature of the scar tissue. Complications that can occur &nbsp;following infibulation, particularly amongst primigravidas, are as &nbsp;follows:&nbsp;</p> <ul> <li>in the event of a miscarriage the foetus may be retained in the &nbsp;uterus or the birth canal, and performing a dilation and curettage maybe &nbsp;difficult</li> <li>incorrect assessment of the stage of labour, cervical dilation, and &nbsp;foetal presentation due to the inability to perform vaginal examinations</li> <li>inability to perform an induction with prostaglandins due to the very narrow introitus</li> <li>difficulty applying a foetal scalp electrode, performing a foetal &nbsp;blood sample, or inserting a urinary catheter due to the very narrow &nbsp;introitus</li> <li>difficulty identifying some obstetric emergencies such as cord prolapse due to an inability to perform a vaginal examination</li> <li>increased risk of bleeding, wound infection, and damage to &nbsp;surrounding tissues due to repeated deinfibulation, particularly if it &nbsp;is not performed correctly</li> <li>prolonged and obstructed labour due to partial or total occlusion of &nbsp;the vaginal opening. This can lead to increased risk of uterine &nbsp;inertia, rupture or prolapse, tearing to the perineum, haemorrhage, and &nbsp;fistula formation. The baby may have an increased risk of suffering &nbsp;neonatal brain damage or death as a result of birth asphyxia</li> <li>repetition of deinfibulation and reinfibulation weakens the scar &nbsp;tissue and at the beginning of menopause a woman may have a mass of &nbsp;fibrous tissue resulting in incontinence and prolapses of the vaginal &nbsp;wall.</li> </ul> <p>&nbsp;</p> <h2>Psychosocial complications</h2> <p>There is very limited research on the impact of FGM on psychological &nbsp;health. The research that has been conducted is sparse and as FGM is &nbsp;condoned in many of the countries where it is practiced, research is &nbsp;likely to have been limited by social and cultural restrictions on the &nbsp;exploration of any negative impacts of the practice. Some of the negative psychological effects that have been reported &nbsp;include feelings of anxiety, fear, bitterness and betrayal, loss of &nbsp;trust, suppression of feelings, feelings of incompleteness, loss of self &nbsp;esteem, panic disorders and difficulty with body image.&nbsp;</p> <p>When &nbsp;considering the psychosocial consequences of FGM, it is important to &nbsp;balance the traumatic impact of the initial FGM procedure and its &nbsp;long-term sequelae, against the social and cultural benefits that FGM &nbsp;brings to young girls in the communities where it is practiced&nbsp;</p> <p><br></p> <h1><strong>SAY O TO FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION. LET US SAVE OUR GIRL CHILD TODAY.</strong></h1> </html>
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      "body": "<html>\n<p><img src=\"https://assets.change.org/photos/1/an/ug/wRanUGFDNYzNBvo-800x450-noPad.jpg?1448973993\" width=\"478\" height=\"300\"/></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p><strong>Fеmаlе genital mutіlаtіоn/cutting (FGM/C)</strong> involves thе removal of thе сlіtоrіѕ, іnnеr-аnd-оutеr lірѕ оf thе vаgіnа, and the sewing оr ѕtарlіng tоgеthеr оf thе two ѕіdеѕ of thе vulvа lеаvіng оnlу a ѕmаll hоlе to раѕѕ urіnе and mеnѕtruаtе – dереndіng оn the tуре.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>OR</p>\n<p><strong>Female gеnіtаl mutіlаtіоn (FGM)</strong> comprises аll рrосеdurеѕ іnvоlvіng partial оr tоtаl rеmоvаl of the female еxtеrnаl genitalia оr оthеr іnjurу tо the fеmаlе genital оrgаnѕ for nоn-mеdісаl rеаѕоnѕ.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;Typically FGM is performed with a razor blade on girls between the ages of four and 12, traditionally without anaesthetic. &nbsp;<br>\nFGM can lead to severe bleeding, pain, complete loss of sensitivity, &nbsp;complications during childbirth, infertility, severe pain during sex, &nbsp;recurring infections and urine retention. And in some cases it is &nbsp;lethal. Unlike male circumcision, female genital mutilation also &nbsp;inhibits sexual pleasure. &nbsp;</p>\n<p>Firstly let looking into the various types of FGM/C that we have. There are 4 types of FGM/C which is been practiced on our females/girl child.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>Types of FGM</strong></p>\n<p>&nbsp;Female genital mutilation is classified into four types: &nbsp;</p>\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>Type I:</strong> Also known as <strong>clitoridectomy</strong>, this type consists of partial or total removal of the clitoris and/or its prepuce.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><img src=\"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2014/5/16/1400261602062/6ec002e6-f974-475e-9db5-89eb6d8ed236-460x433.png?w=620&amp;q=55&amp;auto=format&amp;usm=12&amp;fit=max&amp;s=2b1ec909764700d3446f1eb7748f5bf3\" width=\"460\" height=\"433\"/></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>Type II: </strong>Also &nbsp;known as <strong>excision</strong>, the clitoris and labia minora are partially or &nbsp;totally removed, with or without excision of the labia majora.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><img src=\"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2014/5/16/1400262105865/75ed813f-4e3b-4cb5-b2ab-c460a1098205-460x460.png?w=620&amp;q=55&amp;auto=format&amp;usm=12&amp;fit=max&amp;s=72cb2802c823bae71e110806424596cb\" width=\"460\" height=\"460\"/></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>Type III:</strong> &nbsp;The most severe form, it is also known as <strong>infibulation</strong> or <strong>pharaonic</strong> &nbsp;type. The procedure consists of narrowing the vaginal orifice with &nbsp;creation of a covering seal by cutting and appositioning the labia &nbsp;minora and/or labia majora, with or without removal of the clitoris. The &nbsp;appositioning of the wound edges consists of stitching or holding the &nbsp;cut areas together for a certain period of time (for example, girls’ &nbsp;legs are bound together), to create the covering seal. A small opening &nbsp;is left for urine and menstrual blood to escape. An infibulation must be &nbsp;opened either through penetrative sexual intercourse or surgery.</li>\n</ul>\n<p><img src=\"https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Guardian/Pix/pictures/2014/5/16/1400262222641/8a85e5c0-a57b-4426-94cf-1466716340bb-460x460.png?w=620&amp;q=55&amp;auto=format&amp;usm=12&amp;fit=max&amp;s=e4af95273c8e264970b768b8647917f3\" width=\"460\" height=\"460\"/></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>Type IV:</strong> &nbsp;This type consists of all other procedures to the genitalia of women &nbsp;for non-medical purposes, such as pricking, piercing, incising, scraping &nbsp;and cauterization.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>Recent estimates indicate that around &nbsp;90% of cases include clitoridectomy, excision or cases where girls’ &nbsp;genitals are “nicked” but no flesh removed (Type IV), and about 10% are &nbsp;infibulations (WHO). &nbsp;</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p><strong>Complications of FGM</strong></p>\n<p>There are numerous forms of complications in female genital mutilation which are not good to our girl child. The following are complications of FGM/C</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<h2>Short term complications</h2>\n<h3>Haemorrhage</h3>\n<p>Haemorrhage is one of the most common complications of FGM, as &nbsp;excision of the clitoris involves cutting across the high pressure &nbsp;clitoral artery and attempts to stop bleeding may not be effective. &nbsp;Acute extensive bleeding can lead to haemorrhagic shock or even sudden &nbsp;death in the case of cataclysmic haemorrhage.&nbsp;</p>\n<h3>Shock</h3>\n<p>Shock may occur because of blood loss and the severe pain and trauma &nbsp;of the procedure. Both haemorrhagic and neurogenic shock can be fatal.&nbsp;</p>\n<h3>Pain</h3>\n<p>The majority of mutilation procedures are performed without &nbsp;anaesthetics and cause the girl severe pain. Even if a local anaesthetic &nbsp;is used, multiple insertions of the needle are often required.&nbsp;</p>\n<h3>Urinary retention</h3>\n<p>Urinary Retention is very common and may last for hours or days. It &nbsp;is commonly due to pain, tissue swelling, inflammation, injury to the &nbsp;urethra, and fear of passing urine on the raw wound.&nbsp;</p>\n<h3>Injury to adjacent tissue</h3>\n<p>Injury to the urethra, vagina, perineum and rectum can result from &nbsp;the use of crude instruments, poor light, careless techniques, or from &nbsp;the struggles of the girl.&nbsp;</p>\n<h3>Infection</h3>\n<p>Infection commonly occurs for a number of reasons; unhygenic &nbsp;conditions, the use of unsterilized instruments, applications of &nbsp;traditional herbs or ashes to the wound, contamination of the wound with &nbsp;urine and/or faeces, or binding of the legs following infibulation &nbsp;which prevents wound drainage. Septicaemia and tetanus may also develop.&nbsp;</p>\n<h3>Fracture or dislocation</h3>\n<p>Fracture of the clavicle, femur, humerus or hip joint can occur if &nbsp;heavy pressure is applied to a struggling girl during the procedure - as &nbsp;often occurs when several adults hold her down.&nbsp;</p>\n<h3>Failure to heal</h3>\n<p>Wounds may fail to heal quickly because of infection, irritation from urine, underlying anaemia or malnutrition.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>\n<h2><strong>Long term complications</strong></h2>\n<h3>Difficulties with micturition</h3>\n<p>Difficulties can occur due to damage to the urethral opening, &nbsp;obstruction of the urinary opening, or scarring of the meatus - and can &nbsp;lead to chronic incontinence or difficulty passing urine. For many &nbsp;infibulated girls, passing urine can take up to 20 minutes when they are &nbsp;still virgins.&nbsp;</p>\n<h3>Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIS)</h3>\n<p>Partial occlusion of the vagina and urethra means the normal flow of &nbsp;urine is deflected and the perineum remains constantly wet and &nbsp;susceptible to bacterial growth. Retrograde UTI's therefore commonly &nbsp;occur, affecting the bladder, uterus and kidneys. Damage to the lower &nbsp;urinary tract during the procedure can also result in urinary tract &nbsp;infections.&nbsp;</p>\n<h3>Chronic pelvic infections</h3>\n<p>Partial occlusion of the vagina and urethra increases the likelihood &nbsp;of infection and ascending pelvic infections are common. The infections &nbsp;are often painful and may be accompanied by a noxious discharge &nbsp;spreading to the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries - and frequently &nbsp;become chronic.&nbsp;</p>\n<h3>Infertility</h3>\n<p>Infertility can occur due to chronic pelvic infections causing irreparable damage to the reproductive organs.&nbsp;</p>\n<h3>Vulvul abscesses</h3>\n<p>Vulval abscesses develop due to deep infection resulting from faulty &nbsp;healing or an embedded stitch causing the formation of an abscess.&nbsp;</p>\n<h3>Neurinoma</h3>\n<p>Neurinoma can develop when the dorsal nerve of the clitoris is cut or &nbsp;trapped in a stitch or in scar tissue. The surrounding area becomes &nbsp;hypersensitive and unbearably painful.&nbsp;</p>\n<h3>Keloid scars</h3>\n<p>Keloid scars result from slow and incomplete healing of the wound and &nbsp;the production of excess scar tissue. The scars may obstruct the &nbsp;vaginal opening and be so extensive that they prevent penile &nbsp;penetration.&nbsp;</p>\n<h3>Dermoid cysts</h3>\n<p>Dermoid cysts result from inclusion of the epithelium during healing, &nbsp;leading to swelling or pockets producing secretion. The cysts vary in &nbsp;size, are extremely painful and can prevent sexual intercourse.&nbsp;</p>\n<h3>Calculus formation</h3>\n<p>Calculus formation develop due to menstrual debris or urinary &nbsp;deposits in the vagina or in the space behind the bridge of the scar &nbsp;tissue.&nbsp;</p>\n<h3>Fistulae</h3>\n<p>Vesico-vaginal or recto-vaginal fistulae can form as a result of &nbsp;injury during circumcision, de-infibulation, re-infibulation, sexual &nbsp;intercourse, or obstructed labour. Urinary and faecal incontinence may &nbsp;be lifelong with severe social consequences.&nbsp;</p>\n<h3>Difficulties with menstruation</h3>\n<p>Partial or total occlusion of the vaginal opening commonly results in &nbsp;dysmenorrhoea or amenorrhea. Haematocolpos occasionally occurs from the &nbsp;retention of menstrual blood due to the almost complete coalescence of &nbsp;the labia.&nbsp;</p>\n<h3>Increased risk of HIV transmission</h3>\n<p>There is an increased risk of HIV transmission due to the use of the &nbsp;same unsterile instruments in-group circumcisions, repeated cutting and &nbsp;stitching during labour, and the higher incidence of lacerations and &nbsp;abrasions during intercourse.&nbsp;</p>\n<h2>Sexual complications</h2>\n<p>Many women who have undergone FGM experience various forms and &nbsp;degrees of sexual aberrations. These may include fear associated with &nbsp;initial sexual intercourse, pain associated with sexual intercourse, &nbsp;difficulty or inability to have sexual intercourse, vaginismus, and &nbsp;decreased sexual pleasure and fulfilment.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>It is difficult to assess the &nbsp;impact of FGM on women's sexual fulfilment however, as each individual &nbsp;woman with FGM will be affected differently. Factors such as the type of &nbsp;FGM and the amount of tissue removed, the extent of scarring, the &nbsp;experience of the initial procedure, cultural and social expectations, &nbsp;and affection and bonding in sexual relationships will all impact &nbsp;directly on sexuality and sexual functioning. <a href=\"http://fgm.co.nz/complications-of-fgm/#top\">[back to top]</a> &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>\n<h2>Childbirth complications</h2>\n<p>There are a range of childbirth complications that can be associated &nbsp;with FGM, particularly with Type 3 FGM (infibulation). The extent of the &nbsp;complications varies depending on factors such as the type of FGM, &nbsp;parity, and the nature of the scar tissue. Complications that can occur &nbsp;following infibulation, particularly amongst primigravidas, are as &nbsp;follows:&nbsp;</p>\n<ul>\n  <li>in the event of a miscarriage the foetus may be retained in the &nbsp;uterus or the birth canal, and performing a dilation and curettage maybe &nbsp;difficult</li>\n  <li>incorrect assessment of the stage of labour, cervical dilation, and &nbsp;foetal presentation due to the inability to perform vaginal examinations</li>\n  <li>inability to perform an induction with prostaglandins due to the very narrow introitus</li>\n  <li>difficulty applying a foetal scalp electrode, performing a foetal &nbsp;blood sample, or inserting a urinary catheter due to the very narrow &nbsp;introitus</li>\n  <li>difficulty identifying some obstetric emergencies such as cord prolapse due to an inability to perform a vaginal examination</li>\n  <li>increased risk of bleeding, wound infection, and damage to &nbsp;surrounding tissues due to repeated deinfibulation, particularly if it &nbsp;is not performed correctly</li>\n  <li>prolonged and obstructed labour due to partial or total occlusion of &nbsp;the vaginal opening. This can lead to increased risk of uterine &nbsp;inertia, rupture or prolapse, tearing to the perineum, haemorrhage, and &nbsp;fistula formation. The baby may have an increased risk of suffering &nbsp;neonatal brain damage or death as a result of birth asphyxia</li>\n  <li>repetition of deinfibulation and reinfibulation weakens the scar &nbsp;tissue and at the beginning of menopause a woman may have a mass of &nbsp;fibrous tissue resulting in incontinence and prolapses of the vaginal &nbsp;wall.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<h2>Psychosocial complications</h2>\n<p>There is very limited research on the impact of FGM on psychological &nbsp;health. The research that has been conducted is sparse and as FGM is &nbsp;condoned in many of the countries where it is practiced, research is &nbsp;likely to have been limited by social and cultural restrictions on the &nbsp;exploration of any negative impacts of the practice. Some of the negative psychological effects that have been reported &nbsp;include feelings of anxiety, fear, bitterness and betrayal, loss of &nbsp;trust, suppression of feelings, feelings of incompleteness, loss of self &nbsp;esteem, panic disorders and difficulty with body image.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>When &nbsp;considering the psychosocial consequences of FGM, it is important to &nbsp;balance the traumatic impact of the initial FGM procedure and its &nbsp;long-term sequelae, against the social and cultural benefits that FGM &nbsp;brings to young girls in the communities where it is practiced&nbsp;</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<h1><strong>SAY O TO FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION. LET US SAVE OUR GIRL CHILD TODAY.</strong></h1>\n</html>",
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zumenupdated their account properties
2018/01/31 21:42:09
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2018/01/31 21:38:18
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2018/01/31 21:19:45
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zumenupdated their account properties
2018/01/31 21:14:36
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zumenupdated their account properties
2018/01/31 21:07:00
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zumenupdated their account properties
2018/01/31 21:05:36
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steemcreated a new account: @zumen
2018/01/30 04:12:42
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        "account_auths": [],
        "key_auths": [
          [
            "STM7b1jQdXqSqrLMc9LFKHL5BBjSPX7iBX1zwiRRmhM8ZHBsKqpRw",
            1
          ]
        ]
      },
      "active": {
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        "account_auths": [],
        "key_auths": [
          [
            "STM8ecooTUF6Fwt1NVxH1Rvymm1E5BQQHVfjYfUJJwLvn9nutZgwz",
            1
          ]
        ]
      },
      "posting": {
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        "key_auths": [
          [
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            1
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        ]
      },
      "memo_key": "STM6FmEyp8JeyhSHFTzNFxeVgjpvFXAPTqDAnwrq7WALmoYMPTpxn",
      "json_metadata": "",
      "extensions": []
    }
  ]
}

Account Metadata

POSTING JSON METADATA
profile{"name":"Nzech Bennett","about":"A Social Media Advocate On The Abandonment of Female Genital Mutilation / Cutting","location":"Worldwide","website":"http://www.endcuttinggirls.org"}
JSON METADATA
profile{"name":"Nzech Bennett","about":"A Social Media Advocate On The Abandonment of Female Genital Mutilation / Cutting","location":"Worldwide","website":"http://www.endcuttinggirls.org"}
{
  "posting_json_metadata": {
    "profile": {
      "name": "Nzech Bennett",
      "about": "A Social Media Advocate On The Abandonment of Female Genital Mutilation / Cutting",
      "location": "Worldwide",
      "website": "http://www.endcuttinggirls.org"
    }
  },
  "json_metadata": {
    "profile": {
      "name": "Nzech Bennett",
      "about": "A Social Media Advocate On The Abandonment of Female Genital Mutilation / Cutting",
      "location": "Worldwide",
      "website": "http://www.endcuttinggirls.org"
    }
  }
}

Auth Keys

Owner
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM7b1jQdXqSqrLMc9LFKHL5BBjSPX7iBX1zwiRRmhM8ZHBsKqpRw1/1
Active
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM8ecooTUF6Fwt1NVxH1Rvymm1E5BQQHVfjYfUJJwLvn9nutZgwz1/1
Posting
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM6GXYm9vEMiNXp9HH1tUwsezoz5EHkXFUoUabnYZvV8Mb1j9xGt1/1
Memo
STM6FmEyp8JeyhSHFTzNFxeVgjpvFXAPTqDAnwrq7WALmoYMPTpxn
{
  "owner": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM7b1jQdXqSqrLMc9LFKHL5BBjSPX7iBX1zwiRRmhM8ZHBsKqpRw",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "active": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM8ecooTUF6Fwt1NVxH1Rvymm1E5BQQHVfjYfUJJwLvn9nutZgwz",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "posting": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM6GXYm9vEMiNXp9HH1tUwsezoz5EHkXFUoUabnYZvV8Mb1j9xGt",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "memo": "STM6FmEyp8JeyhSHFTzNFxeVgjpvFXAPTqDAnwrq7WALmoYMPTpxn"
}

Witness Votes

0 / 30
No active witness votes.
[]