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      "title": "Snapshot! - Purple Woman, by SA",
      "body": "# <center><h1> Snapshot! </h1> </center>\n\n* * *\n<center>\n![DSC_0075.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmPn8e9gai1hsrg68Mrmh3MPxaQJTrTMxDyoAburZU8XKw/DSC_0075.jpg)\n*Purple Woman, by Samuel Alonso. Nikon D90, 35mm - f/2.2 - ISO1600 - 1/50s*\n</center>\n* * *\n\nFrom time to time, I grow allergic to the conventional. Things that appear in a photograph as they seem in real life do not really interest me much; perhaps this is the reason that I do not enjoy product photography, even if the technical satisfaction of perfect focus/lightning can be attractive to some. I enjoy rare things, and I believe many stand with me when I say that rare things are the reason why you join photography in the first place. Anyone can shoot a cloud, a sunset or a flower on the way home. But what about that dude that shoots upside down architectural photography? What about that girl that makes surrealists desert landscapes? They're the ones that push things to the unknown. I like to push things sometimes, too.\n\nGetting to the edge of what is conventional and looking beyond is a healthy thing to do in photography; to me, it is medicine against the conventional.\n\n-SA\n\n* * *\n\nI hope you enjoy shorter posts like this, where I discuss about some things on photography with one of my pictures. Don't forget to leave a comment telling me what you think about my pictures, and, if you liked them, consider upvoting my post to make my day nicer :)\n\nThis picture was taken with my daydreaming Nikon D90 + Nikkor 35mm f/1.8G in a small room lit with UV lamps.\n\n<a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/\"><img alt=\"Creative Commons License\" style=\"border-width:0\" src=\"https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png\" /></a><br />This work is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License</a>.\n\n#photofeed",
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      "body": "Thank you for your kind words :)\n\nEdit: Yes, from their centre of mass but the fact that the molecules are too tiny makes the detail insignificant.",
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      "body": "@@ -101,16 +101,17 @@\n )%0A%0AExcel\n+l\n ent post\n",
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      "body": "\"The measure of the average kinetic energy of molecules.\"\n\nAs seen from their **center of mass** * :)\n\nExcelent post, @anevolvedmonkey Very interesting to read, and very thorough. Great to see concepts like these being discussed at length in Steemit. Keep up the good work!",
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      "body": "thanks for the kind words!",
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      "body": "Really good illustration on the refrigeration concept! I feel it clearly points out that heat doesn't just dissapear, but rather work is fed into the system to move around a coolant, and that this coolant simply transports heat **outside** of the region you want to cool. Keep up the good work! :)",
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      "body": "<center>\n![Varsha_ys.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmer9a8Rx9Fk66h3rteQC49SJj8MvaCuiNHdUL7ZPZp5Wn/Varsha_ys.jpg)\n*Source: [Varsha Y S](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Varsha_ys.jpg), Wikimedia Commons*\n</center>\n\n# <center> Introduction </center>  <br>\n\nIn today's post we're going to talk a little bit about Physics (finally!). As you all may know from my introductory post, I'm a physics undergrad student. But apart from being just a student, I have a knack for teaching :). So, my intention with this Physics post, and some others that will follow, is to teach you useful things; maybe not something that'll help you build a lightsaber, but certainly enough to get you curious about what (we) physicists do, and enough to not get scammed with 100% efficiency fridges, perpetual motion machines, dehydrated water...\n\n... or an \"analysis\" of your *quantum numbers* to cure a neckache.\n\n# <center> What a Quantum Number is and isn't </center><br>\n\nSome while after its conception around 1920, and undoubtedly at the hands of a group of remarkable pitchmen, **the most successful physical theory in history became the number one metaphysical sensation of the 21st century.** Ranging from things like \"love particles\" and \"positivity tunneling\", metaphysics has mutated and disfigured fundamental concepts from quantum mechanics indiscriminately. Today, in hopes of clearing some of this confusion, we'll talk about *Quantum Numbers*.\n\nSo let's start from the top: what the hell **is** a *quantum number*? Drumroll please...\n\nIt is a **tag**. That's it. Yes, you read that right. It's no more than a tag that, usually, has some integer value. It is, by no means, a mystical thing. It says absolutely nothing about you. They will not say if you're going to be in love next month. It is simply a tag that **serves to identify the state of some system**, whose behaviour is of quantum character. It this is not clear to you yet, do not worry. I'll be following up this post explaining a bit more what \"quantum\" means.\n\nSo, in essence, quantum numbers are the tags you **assign to a particular set of functions** that, in turn, **solve a completely mathematical problem associated with the system**. And that mathematical problem is, well, [Schrödinger's equation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrödinger_equation):\n\n<center>\n![CodeCogsEqn.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmcuitJWguyS4BoLqGQjVCqKumbpxCpTC9w8gaweQRSQNv/CodeCogsEqn.png)\n<br>\n*That greek letter that looks like a trident is the so called [wave function](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_function)*\n</center>\n\nThe need for these tags is that **there isn't one and only one solution to this mathematical problem**. There are quite a few, with different shapes, and a great way to tell them apart and organize them is by giving them tags that characterize them completely. Makes sense, right?\n\nTherefore, quantum numbers, as seen from the perspective of the entirely mathematical problem that is Schrödinger's equation, have no additional meaning. However, this isn't the end of the story...\n\nQuantum numbers are intrinsically related to many physical quantities in quantum systems, and that's what make them extra valuable. You can think of them in the following way: I imagine you've seen a meme like these not too long ago:\n\n<center>\n![which-britney-are-you-today-5-24433245.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmcxFtNS4VqQJ3AZUaEpJSrR3tuArDr9qrpijgYuQCCxGP/which-britney-are-you-today-5-24433245.png)\n*Britney's quantum numbers*\n</center>\n\nIf you assigned to each day of the week a number that indicated your mood, then you would be able to say something like\n\n\"Today is monday; my tag for mondays is 1, and I'm not very productive on mondays. Tomorrow will be tuesday; my tag for tuesdays is 2, and I'm twice as productive on tuesdays compared to mondays.\"\n\nThat's how quantum numbers work; they determine completely the state of the system, and are also related quantitatively to physical values of interest, like *momentum*, *angular momentum* and *spin*.\n\nFor example, when solving Schrödinger's equation for the hydrogen atom (a pretty cumbersome calculation, by the way), one gets that the corresponding wave function is \n\n<center>\n![2.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmNNRfuaxCp2ufKW39J6QKUDfraKC6Qyc9QbDVezPC4ZX3/2.png)\n</center>\n\nAnd that the average distance between the electron and the atom's nucleus is\n\n<center>\n![3.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmUQe9EG1wnF5h1JPtdA3AY1NW3bSHjULo83G7SA81j3io/3.png)\n</center>\n\nI certainly do not expect you to understand these mathematical expressions completely. What I want you to notice is the following: do you see those letters *n*, *l*, *ml*, that appear over and over? **Those are quantum numbers!** In the top equation, they appear as *indices that characterize the wavefunction*, and thus characterizing the system's state. In the bottom equation, they also appear as indices, but they even appear in the formula itself. They pop up everywhere, in all formulas and results, and because of this they are of extreme importance when studying quantum fenomena. But they're just that: numbers.\n\nEven still, don't let yourself be fooled. Quantum numbers won't tell you if you'll be lucky with Bitcoin.\n\nAs final comments, it's very important to know that these aren't the only quantum numbers that appear when solving problems in quantum mechanics; there are a bunch of them, because they're just super convenient as tags! Furthermore, even if many of them have integer values, some of them are not and they come as the fractions of some integer; these are called *half-integer* values. I hope that this cleard up a little what a quantum number really is. If you want to read more about it, I've left a book down in the bibliography that presents quantum mechanics in a very elementary and tractable way, especially for the less mathematically minded. I hope it serves you well in getting to the core of the issue and learning more about the quantum character of nature.\n\n-SA\n\n### Bibliography\nEisberg, R. M., & Resnick, R. (2009). Quantum physics of atoms, molecules, solids, nuclei, and particles. New York: Wiley.\n\n***\n\nI hope you liked this post! If you read until the end, and found it interesting, give my post an *upvote* to let me know you liked it and want more content like this :) If you have any doubts about the post or its content, do not hesitate to leave me a comment; I'll gladly answer any question you might have!",
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      "body": "<center>\n![Varsha_ys.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmer9a8Rx9Fk66h3rteQC49SJj8MvaCuiNHdUL7ZPZp5Wn/Varsha_ys.jpg)\n*Source: [Varsha Y S](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Varsha_ys.jpg), Wikimedia Commons*\n</center>\n\n# <center> Introduction </center>  <br>\n\nIn today's post we're going to talk a little bit about Physics (finally!). As you all may know from my introductory post, I'm a physics undergrad student. But apart from being just a student, I have a knack for teaching :). 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And that mathematical problem is, well, [Schrödinger's equation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrödinger_equation):\n\n<center>\n![CodeCogsEqn.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmcuitJWguyS4BoLqGQjVCqKumbpxCpTC9w8gaweQRSQNv/CodeCogsEqn.png)\n<br>\n*That greek letter that looks like a trident is the so called [wave function](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_function)*\n</center>\n\nThe need for these tags is that **there isn't one and only one solution to this mathematical problem**. There are quite a few, with different shapes, and a great way to tell them apart and organize them is by giving them tags that characterize them completely. Makes sense, right?\n\nTherefore, quantum numbers, as seen from the perspective of the entirely mathematical problem that is Schrödinger's equation, have no additional meaning. However, this isn't the end of the story...\n\nQuantum numbers are intrinsically related to many physical quantities in quantum systems, and that's what make them extra valuable. You can think of them in the following way: I imagine you've seen a meme like these not too long ago:\n\n<center>\n![which-britney-are-you-today-5-24433245.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmcxFtNS4VqQJ3AZUaEpJSrR3tuArDr9qrpijgYuQCCxGP/which-britney-are-you-today-5-24433245.png)\n*Britney's quantum numbers*\n</center>\n\nIf you assigned to each day of the week a number that indicated your mood, then you would be able to say something like\n\n\"Today is monday; my tag for mondays is 1, and I'm not very productive on mondays. 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What I want you to notice is the following: do you see those letters *n*, *l*, *ml*, that appear over and over? **Those are quantum numbers!** In the top equation, they appear as *indices that characterize the wavefunction*, and thus characterizing the system's state. In the bottom equation, they also appear as indices, but they even appear in the formula itself. They pop up everywhere, in all formulas and results, and because of this they are of extreme importance when studying quantum fenomena. But they're just that: numbers.\n\nEven still, don't let yourself be fooled. Quantum numbers won't tell you if you'll be lucky with Bitcoin.\n\nAs final comments, it's very important to know that these aren't the only quantum numbers that appear when solving problems in quantum mechanics; there are a bunch of them, because they're just super convenient as tags! Furthermore, even if many of them have integer values, some of them are not and they come as the fractions of some integer; these are called *half-integer* values. I hope that this cleard up a little what a quantum number really is. If you want to read more about it, I've left a book down in the bibliography that presents quantum mechanics in a very elementary and tractable way, especially for the less mathematically minded. I hope it serves you well in getting to the core of the issue and learning more about the quantum character of nature.\n\n-SA\n\n### Bibliography\nEisberg, R. M., & Resnick, R. (2009). Quantum physics of atoms, molecules, solids, nuclei, and particles. New York: Wiley.\n\n***\n\nI hope you liked this post! 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      "body": "\" I will like us to meet, OZONE, whose job is to make sure that we don't experience this hotness\"\n\nI think you're not completely sure about how the \"hotness\" comes about. Ozone helps absorb UV radiation. But UV radiation *does not* make us feel hotter. Actually, the rise in temperatures is due mainly to infrared radiation. \n\nUV radiation destroys cells by breaking their DNA apart. When it does, and the cell realizes it can't correct for all the mistakes, it commits suicide, so to speak. In that sense, UV radiation is a huge deal on its own. But it is not a main contributor to the heat problem.\n\nInfrared radiation is responsible for the overheating, although UV radiation also comes into play when the atmosphere fills with CO2 and scattering agents that transform IR radiation into UV radiation via, well, scattering. \n\n![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmehyKzF6Ua932tWmp7kPB844QDVujUr6ZVuKwqFpM3HKj/image.png)\n\nThis is the Relative Spectral Irradiance. It is simply a normalized version of a spectral irradiance plot, which tells you how intense is the emission for a specific kind of radiation frequency. As you can see, the UV contribution is small, compared to the IR contribution. Notice the plot is in a logarithmic scale.\n\ntl;dr: ozone's job is not protecting against heating, but rather protecting your body cells from killing themselves. However, it also protects UV radiation that might turn into IR radiation under the ozone layer due to scattering.",
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      "title": "Conversaciones - ¿Qué es un Número Cuántico?",
      "body": "# <center> Introducción </center>  <br>\n\nEn el post de hoy hablaremos un poco de algo sobre Física (por fin!). Como quizá ya sabían de mi post introductorio, soy estudiante de Física. Pero además, tengo una cierta vocación para la docencia. Entonces, con estos posts sobre Física espero enseñarles cosas útiles; no necesariamente algo que les ayude a construir un sable de luz, pero definitivamente el conocimiento necesario como para cogerle interés a lo que (nosotros) los físicos hacemos y para no ser estafado por ahí con neveras de 100% de eficiencia energética, agua deshidratada...\n\n... o con una lectura de los *números cuánticos* para sanar una torticolis.\n\n# <center> Lo que un Número Cuántico es, y lo que no es </center><br>\n\nDespués de su nacimiento a principios del siglo veinte, e indudablemente a manos de un grupo de excelentes vendedores, **la teoría física más exitosa de la historia se ha vuelto la sensación metafísica del siglo veintiuno**. Desde las partículas del amor, hasta el tunneling de positividad, la metafísica ha tomado prestados, y desfigurado, conceptos de la mecánica cuántica a sus anchas.\n\nComencemos con las cosas como son: ¿qué rayos es un **número cuántico**? Redobles…\n\nEs una **etiqueta**. Sí. Así como lo lees. Es una etiqueta que, usualmente, tiene un valor entero. No es ninguna cosa mística. No dicen nada acerca de ti si los juntas de dos en dos y los sumas según los astros dominantes del día. Es una etiqueta que **sirve para identificar un cierto estado de algún sistema** cuya dinámica está regida por fenómenos de carácter cuántico. En esencia, los números cuánticos son las etiquetas que **se le dan a un conjunto especial de funciones** que, a su vez, **resuelven un problema enteramente matemático**. Y ese problema matemático es, pues, la [ecuación de Schrödinger](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuación_de_Schrödinger):\n\n<center>\n![CodeCogsEqn.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmcuitJWguyS4BoLqGQjVCqKumbpxCpTC9w8gaweQRSQNv/CodeCogsEqn.png)\n<br>\n*La letra griega que parece un tridente es la llamada [función de onda](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Función_de_onda)*\n</center>\n\nLa necesidad de esas etiquetas es que **no solo hay una solución para este problema matemático**. Hay varias, con diferentes formas, y una buena manera de organizarlas es ponerles etiquetas que las caracterizan. Tiene sentido, ¿no crees? \n\nEntonces, los números cuánticos, vistos desde la perspectiva del problema enteramente matemático que es la ecuación de Schrödinger, no tienen mayor significado. Sin embargo, ese no es el fin de la historia.\n\nLos números cuánticos están intrínsecamente relacionados a muchas de las cantidades de interés de los sistemas cuánticos, y es eso lo que los hace tan valiosos. Puedes pensarlos de la siguiente forma: imagino que alguna vez habrás visto un meme como este\n\n\n<center>\n![which-britney-are-you-today-5-24433245.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmcxFtNS4VqQJ3AZUaEpJSrR3tuArDr9qrpijgYuQCCxGP/which-britney-are-you-today-5-24433245.png)\n*Los números cuánticos de Britney*\n</center>\n\nSi asignaras a cada día de la semana un número que determinara tu estado de ánimo, entonces podrías decir algo como lo siguiente:\n\n\"Hoy es lunes; mi etiqueta para el lunes es 1, y los lunes no soy muy productivo. Mañana será martes; mi etiqueta para el martes es 2, y soy dos veces más productivo que en los lunes.\"\n\nAsí funcionan los números cuánticos; ellos determinan el estado del sistema, y además están relacionados cuantitativamente con cantidades de interés, como la cantidad de movimiento, el momentum angular, o el espín.\n\nPor ejemplo, al resolver la ecuación de Schrödinger para el átomo de hidrógeno (bastante laboriosa, por cierto), uno obtiene que la función de onda es correspondiente es\n\n<center>\n![2.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmNNRfuaxCp2ufKW39J6QKUDfraKC6Qyc9QbDVezPC4ZX3/2.png)\n</center>\n\nAdemás, la distancia promedio entre el electrón y el núcleo del átomo es\n\n<center>\n![3.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmUQe9EG1wnF5h1JPtdA3AY1NW3bSHjULo83G7SA81j3io/3.png)\n</center>\n\nNo espero que entiendas estas expresiones matemáticas de entrada. Lo que quiero es que notes esto: ¿ves esas letras *n*, *l*, *ml*? **¡Esos son números cuánticos!** En la ecuacuón de arriba, como *índices que denotan el estado del sistema*, y en la de abajo como índices, y tambien como parte de la fórmula en sí. Aparecen en todos lados, en todas las fórmulas y resultados, y por ende son cruciales para el estudio de fenómenos cuánticos. Pero son sólo eso: números.\n\nAún así, no te dejes engañar. Los números cuánticos no te van a decir si el mes que viene vas a tener suerte en el amor.\n\nComo comentarios finales, es importante saber que esos no son los únicos números cuánticos que aparecen al resolver problemas de mecánica cuántica; ¡hay una gran cantidad de ellos, y precisamente porque son muy convenientes como etiquetas! Además, incluso hay varios de ellos que no son enteros, sino que vienen en fracciones de algún otro entero. Espero que esto te haya aclarado un poco lo que un número cuántico realmente es. Si quieres leer más al respecto, abajo en la bibliografía encontrarás un libro bastante práctico y entendible que introduce a los conceptos elementales de la mecánica cuántica.\n\n-SA\n\n### Bibliografía\nEisberg, R. M., & Resnick, R. (2009). Quantum physics of atoms, molecules, solids, nuclei, and particles. New York: Wiley.\n\n***\n\n¡Espero te haya gustado este post! Si leíste hasta el final, y te pareció interesante, dale *upvote* para hacerme saber que quieres más contenido similar. Si tienes alguna duda acerca del post o el contenido, dejame un comentario abajo y con mucho gusto te responderé :)",
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