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      "body": "<html>\n<p><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/0x0/https://i.imgur.com/3qlNu5a.png\" width=\"455\" height=\"195\"/></p>\n<p>Did you know that direct invocation transactions are not the only scenario when your contract code will be run?</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://media.giphy.com/media/xT0xeJpnrWC4XWblEk/giphy.gif\" width=\"350\" height=\"233\"/></p>\n<p>In it’s general usage you smart contract code can be invoked directly, passing in the input parameters with the types that you specified on initial import. This makes up the majority of calls made to and from contracts that hold thinks like NEP5 tokens or managed asset data in contract storage. However, when a transaction is created to transfer assets like NEO or GAS to or from the contract address, your contract code will also be invoked.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Invoking the contract code when sending or receiving assets for a contract address allows you to provide your contract with the ability to self manage it’s NEO and GAS assets. For example, if your contract allows users to exchange NEO for your NEP5 token, the NEO is deposited into the contract address. This can be done either by directly invoking the contract with the appropriate parameters and attaching the NEO to the transaction; or by executing a asset transfer of NEO to the contract address. In the latter case, you will want the contract code to be able to handle the users deposit of NEO, and processes it in a similar flow to the direct contract invocation.<br>\n</p>\n<p>Additionally, once assets have started to accumulate in the contract address, you are going to want a way to manage those funds directly. So when send transactions are executed on behalf of the contract address, we want to have the ability to approve or disapprove those withdraws on a case by case basis.In order to handle this in your contract code, neo-python provides the method:</p>\n<pre><code>boa.blockchain.vm.Neo.Runtime.GetTrigger</code></pre>\n<p><br></p>\n<p><em><strong>GetTrigger</strong></em> is a function that when executed returns whether the contract was invoked as an <em><strong>Application</strong></em> or for <em><strong>Verification</strong></em>. We are also provided with the following constants to aid in our validation:</p>\n<pre><code>boa.interop.Neo.TriggerType.Application<br>\nboa.interop.Neo.TriggerType.Verification</code></pre>\n<h4><br></h4>\n<h4>GetTrigger() == Application</h4>\n<p>The execution of the smart contract code was invoked directly, and we can expect the input arguments with the types that we specified to be present. In this case we should expect to utilize these input values to determine the resulting state of our contract, and it’s output.</p>\n<h4><br></h4>\n<h4>GetTrigger() == Verification</h4>\n<p>The contract code is being executed to provide a verification of whether or not a transaction involving assets owned by the contract address should be allowed to succeed. In this case we should ultimately have logic that returns a True or False value. Returning <em><strong>True</strong></em> will validate the transaction will allow it to execute successfully. Returning <em><strong>False</strong></em> will reject the transaction, and the transfer will not occur.</p>\n<h3><br></h3>\n<h3>Usage Example</h3>\n<p>In the following example, we will simulate a contract where we have handlers for both <em><strong>Application</strong></em> and <em><strong>Validation</strong></em> triggers. In the Verification trigger handler we will only accept transactions executed by a contract owner, and in the Application trigger we will return a special secret message if the correct input password is provided.</p>\n<pre><code>from boa.blockchain.vm.Neo.Runtime import GetTrigger, CheckWitness<br>\nfrom boa.blockchain.vm.Neo.TriggerType import Application, Verification<br>\ndef Main(password):<br>\n &nbsp;&nbsp;trigger = GetTrigger()<br>\n &nbsp;&nbsp;if trigger == Verification:<br>\n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;return handleVerification()<br>\n &nbsp;&nbsp;elif trigger == Application:<br>\n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;return handleApplication(password)<br>\n &nbsp;&nbsp;return False<br>\n<br>\ndef handleVerification():<br>\n &nbsp;&nbsp;owner = 'AK2nJJpJr6o664CWJKi1QRXjqeic2zRp8y'<br>\n &nbsp;&nbsp;is_owner = CheckWitness(owner)<br>\n &nbsp;&nbsp;if is_owner:<br>\n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;return True<br>\n &nbsp;&nbsp;return False<br>\n<br>\ndef handleApplication(password):<br>\n &nbsp;&nbsp;if password == 'elephant':<br>\n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;return 'banana'<br>\n &nbsp;&nbsp;return False</code></pre>\n<h4><br></h4>\n<h4>handleVerification</h4>\n<p>In the case that we are handling a <em><strong>Verification</strong></em> trigger, we will only return True if the address that created the send or receive transaction was the owner that we have hardcoded into our contract code. All other addresses who try to send or withdraw asset to or from this account will have their transactions rejected.</p>\n<h4><br></h4>\n<h4>handleApplication</h4>\n<p>In the cast that we are handling an <em><strong>Application</strong></em> trigger, we will expect a password as an input. If and only if the password provided is <em><strong>elephant</strong></em>, will return the secret message <em><strong>banana</strong></em>. If the correct password is not provided, we will simply return <em><strong>False</strong></em>.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>For a more in depth example please refer to the <a href=\"https://github.com/nickfujita/hasty-ogre-name-service/blob/master/smartContract/hons-ico.py\">Hasty Ogre Name Service contract code</a>.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>If you found this tutorial helpful, please donate at:</p>\n<pre><code>NEO/GAS/NEP5 tokens: AR8rRBxgWw5siKsp1dUmfTLy6QQTjcqoqB<br>\nETH/ERC20 tokens: 0x575970777095575fDd12d9cD3B105b41D8DD1344<br>\nNANO/XRB: xrb_3rpmim57tqbrb8hhjfzm1x5uk135yhmgqoj7j7wsufpo53e3ad5k93ggy1cd<br>\nLTC: M8nZ7FwJXSMAkAfiGmTKjbB7MWpdwsp52d<br>\nBTC: 3LcA1ztxFjghexRNWPyGXA59VFU3gF4PTz<br>\nBCH: 1LXLiF7SjWGday6gm61hzbYHKbSAMevwXo</code></pre>\n</html>",
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      "body": "<html>\n<p>In many, if not all cases, you will probably be wanting to validate whether the address invoking your contract code is really who they say they are.</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://giphy.com/gifs/dpNuOoVHLscZq?utm_source=iframe&amp;utm_medium=embed&amp;utm_campaign=Embeds&amp;utm_term=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.embedly.com%2Fwidgets%2Fmedia.html%3Fsrc%3Dhttps%3A%2F%2Fgiphy.com%2Fembed%2FdpNuOoVHLscZq%2Ftwitter%2Fiframe&amp;%3Burl=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.giphy.com%2Fmedia%2FdpNuOoVHLscZq%2Fgiphy.gif&amp;%3Bimage=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.giphy.com%2Fmedia%2FdpNuOoVHLscZq%2Fgiphy.gif&amp;%3Bkey=a19fcc184b9711e1b4764040d3dc5c07&amp;%3Btype=text%2Fhtml&amp;%3Bschema=giphy\"/><img src=\"https://media.giphy.com/media/dpNuOoVHLscZq/giphy.gif\" width=\"295\" height=\"250\"/></p>\n<p>Thankfully we are provided with the following validation method:</p>\n<pre><code>boa.blockchain.vm.Neo.Runtime.CheckWitness</code></pre>\n<p><br>\nThis method accepts a single parameter which represents the address that you would like to validate against the address used to invoke the contract code.The provided input value can be in any of the following formats which can be used to identify the caller address:</p>\n<pre><code>#\\xba\\'\\x03\\xc52c\\xe8\\xd6\\xe5\"\\xdc2 39\\xdc\\xd8\\xee\\xe9<br>\n<br>\nAK2nJJpJr6o664CWJKi1QRXjqeic2zRp8y<br>\n<br>\n031a6c6fbbdf02ca351745fa86b9ba5a9452d785ac4f7fc2b7548ca2a46c4fcf4a</code></pre>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>These can all be found in the neo-python cli when running the command:</p>\n<pre><code>wallet</code></pre>\n<p><br></p>\n<p><img src=\"https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1000/1*sXbvSxMIcqdMaWuXt-vPsg.png\" width=\"1000\" height=\"686\"/></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>In order to test this out, we can use the following sample contract code:</p>\n<pre><code>from boa.blockchain.vm.Neo.Runtime import CheckWitness<br>\n<br>\ndef Main(caller):<br>\n<br>\n &nbsp;&nbsp;isCaller = CheckWitness(caller)<br>\n<br>\n &nbsp;&nbsp;if isCaller:<br>\n &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;return True<br>\n<br>\n &nbsp;&nbsp;return False</code></pre>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>This will simply validate whether the provided input for <em><strong>caller</strong></em> matches the address that was used to invoke the contract.From our neo-python cli, we can use any of the following queries to test this out using our <a href=\"https://youtu.be/L0al2gttTEs\">build &amp; test method</a>.Address:</p>\n<pre><code>build smartContracts/callerValidation.py test 07 01 False False AK2nJJpJr6o664CWJKi1QRXjqeic2zRp8y</code></pre>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Public key:</p>\n<pre><code>build smartContracts/callerValidation.py test 07 01 False False 031a6c6fbbdf02ca351745fa86b9ba5a9452d785ac4f7fc2b7548ca2a46c4fcf4a</code></pre>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Script hash of the address:</p>\n<pre><code>build smartContracts/callerValidation.py test 07 01 False False #\\xba\\'\\x03\\xc52c\\xe8\\xd6\\xe5\"\\xdc2 39\\xdc\\xd8\\xee\\xe9</code></pre>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Running these should all result in true if you are running on the main wallet provided for the private net. If you are running your own instance or calling from another wallet simply copy the desired value from the result of the <em><strong>wallet</strong></em> command. If you run a test execution with a value that is not your wallet, the execution will return <em><strong>False</strong></em>. For example:</p>\n<pre><code>build smartContracts/callerValidation.py test 07 01 False False BF3nJJpJr6o664CWJKi1QRXjqeic2zRaaa</code></pre>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>For a more in depth example please refer to the <a href=\"https://github.com/nickfujita/hasty-ogre-name-service/blob/master/smartContract/hons-ico.py\">Hasty Ogre Name Service contract code</a>.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>If you found this tutorial helpful, please donate at:</p>\n<pre><code>NEO/GAS/NEP5 tokens: AR8rRBxgWw5siKsp1dUmfTLy6QQTjcqoqB<br>\nETH/ERC20 tokens: 0x575970777095575fDd12d9cD3B105b41D8DD1344<br>\nNANO/XRB: xrb_3rpmim57tqbrb8hhjfzm1x5uk135yhmgqoj7j7wsufpo53e3ad5k93ggy1cd<br>\nLTC: M8nZ7FwJXSMAkAfiGmTKjbB7MWpdwsp52d<br>\nBTC: 3LcA1ztxFjghexRNWPyGXA59VFU3gF4PTz<br>\nBCH: 1LXLiF7SjWGday6gm61hzbYHKbSAMevwXo</code></pre>\n</html>",
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      "body": "<html>\n<p>This is a evolving list of tutorials on development for the NEO ecosystem</p>\n<h1>Dev Environment Setup</h1>\n<p>https://steemit.com/neo/@z0yo/quick-setup-neo-private-net-w-gas</p>\n<h1>Hello World Smart Contract</h1>\n<p>https://steemit.com/neo/@z0yo/neo-smart-contracts-tutorial-helloworld</p>\n<iframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/IzIlLS9bWM0?rel=0&amp;showinfo=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen></iframe>\n<h1>Smart Contract: Build &amp; Test</h1>\n<p>https://steemit.com/neo/@z0yo/neo-smart-contracts-build-and-test</p>\n<h1>NEO Smart Contracts: Workflow Improvements</h1>\n<p>https://steemit.com/neo/@z0yo/neo-smart-contracts-workflow-improvements</p>\n</html>",
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      "body": "Glad you were able to get all set up! If you want to restart the container you can do the following:\n```\ndocker ps\n```\nThis will list all the active containers. Get the container id of the neo privnet, and remove it with:\n```\ndocker rm {CONTAINER_ID}\n```\nIf you are feeling extra fancy, you can checkout my other post on create bash scripts for these things ^^\nhttps://steemit.com/neo/@z0yo/neo-smart-contracts-workflow-improvements",
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      "body": "Cool writeup! You can switch from the markdown editor to raw html on the top right when editing, and delete the extra \\<br\\> tags",
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      "body": "Thanks, worked great. I'm going to try and learn all I  can about this.\nWhat is the best way to stop the private net and the container?\nand how do I restart them another day?\n\nPlease let me know if this is correct to shut it down;\nMy guess is to use 'quit' to stop Neo in terminal, then 'exit' from neo-python,  then click 'quit Docker' from the Docker app.\nAnything else?",
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      "body": "<html>\n<p><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/0x0/https://i.imgur.com/3qlNu5a.png\" width=\"455\" height=\"195\"/></p>\n<p>In this post I'll be going over a couple of quick setup tips that can help to save you time by improving your dev setup workflow.</p>\n<p>If you haven't already already gone though the hello world and the dev environment setup tutorials, I'd suggest you quickly run through those before continuing with this post.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://youtu.be/IzIlLS9bWM0\">Hello World Smart Contract Tutorial</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://youtu.be/WBNzb_XwhBM\">Dev Environment Setup Tutorial</a></p>\n<p>Let's face it, carpal tunnel is real, and as much as I want you to come back and ready my blog posts, it's more important that you have a fast and efficient workflow with minimal friction between you and your contract code.</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://i.imgur.com/GSlAc5D.png\" width=\"1194\" height=\"593\"/></p>\n<h1>Bash Scripts</h1>\n<p>This is where bash scripts can come in handy. If you haven't used them before, they are just shortcuts in the terminal that we can use to refer to larger commands. We can edit the list of these in out <code>~/.bashrc</code> files in our root directories, both on local machine in in our docker container.</p>\n<h2>Local Machine</h2>\n<p>To access your <code>.bashrc</code> on your local computer you can open it at the root with your favorite text editor. In my case it will be:</p>\n<pre><code>atom ~/.bashrc</code></pre>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Here we can add our alias commands. The first one is for spinning up the docker container. While this is commonly done once, you will eventually run out of gas, and have to recreate the container. As such, having this on hand will have you a trip to the interwebs to copy pasta.</p>\n<pre><code>alias neodocker=\"docker run -d --name neo-privnet-with-gas -p 20333-20336:20333-20336/tcp -p 30333-30336:30333-30336/tcp -v ~/Documents/smartContracts:/opt/neo-python/smartContracts metachris/neo-privnet-with-gas\"</code></pre>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>It's important to note that this is a bit modified from the version found in the dev environment setup tutorial. Since it is now a part of our bashrc, we need to update the volume reference path to our local directory that we will be sharing. In my case, it was updated from <code>\"$(pwd)\"</code> to <code>~/Documents/smartContracts</code></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>The next alias is a short cut for when you need to SSH into your docker container.</p>\n<pre><code>alias neossh=\"docker exec -it neo-privnet-with-gas /bin/bash\"</code></pre>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Now on our local machine we can simply use the calls <code>neodocker</code> to spin up the container if it's not already created, and <code>neossh</code> to jack in. Since recreting the container is very much less common, you will probably just be using <code>neossh</code> for the majority of the time.</p>\n<h2>Docker Container</h2>\n<p>Within the container we can edit the bashrc file at the root in command line, or simply create one in the shared folder on our local machine and copy it over.</p>\n<p>Once running <code>neossh</code>, you will be placed in the root directory of the docker container, but most of the fun happens in the <code>opt/neo-python</code> directory. This command gets you from root to fun times in 4 chars.</p>\n<pre><code>alias cdnp='cd opt/neo-python'</code></pre>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Once in the neo-python directory, we always want to quickly jump into our neo-python cli. With this command we can now do so by just typing <code>neocli</code></p>\n<pre><code>alias neocli='python3 prompt.py -c protocol.privnet.json'</code></pre>\n<h1>Preset Docker Image</h1>\n<p>If you are too lazy to set up the bashrc commands in the docker container, you are in luck. I made a docker image of my own which is exactly the same as <a href=\"https://hub.docker.com/r/metachris/neo-privnet-with-gas/\">neo-privnet-with-gas</a>, but with these queries already setup for you~!</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://hub.docker.com/r/nickfujita/neo-privnet-plus/\">neo-privnet-plus</a></p>\n<p>As an added bonus, I've also pre-downloaded the main.wallet file from the s3 bucket into the docker container neo-python folder. Saves you one more step when recreating your docker container.</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://media.giphy.com/media/xT8qBp0R5SxfLMIgjC/giphy.gif\" width=\"480\" height=\"266\"/></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>In the case that you do choose to use this alternative, please make sure that you go back and update your bash scripts on your local machine to the following:</p>\n<p>neodocker</p>\n<pre><code>alias neodocker=\"docker run -d --name neo-privnet-plus -p 20333-20336:20333-20336/tcp -p 30333-30336:30333-30336/tcp -v ~/Documents/smartContracts:/opt/neo-python/smartContracts nickfujita/neo-privnet-plus\"</code></pre>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>neossh</p>\n<pre><code>alias neossh=\"docker exec -it neo-privnet-plus /bin/bash\"</code></pre>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>I you use this alternative docker image, and you dont go back and update your saved queries or bashrc...</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/DQmTSz4VopvAks3sGRfwc3vmVvbCXJ8skZB3DfmJsjZyytT/image.png\" width=\"450\" height=\"375\"/></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<h1>General Docker Scripts</h1>\n<p>Here are a couple other random docker commands that I use:</p>\n<pre><code>alias dps=\"docker ps\"</code></pre>\n<pre><code>alias dpsa=\"docker ps -a\"</code></pre>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Please use the following 2 with caution, because you WILL close containers that you didn't mean to if you are not careful</p>\n<pre><code>drmfa () {<br>\n &nbsp;docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)<br>\n}</code></pre>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Called with <code>drmf {container_id}</code></p>\n<pre><code>drmf () {<br>\n &nbsp;docker rm -f \"$1\"<br>\n}</code></pre>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Lastly, if you don't like the abbreviations for any of the commands, the greatest part is that since they are all in your bashrc files, you are free to update them to w/e works best for you.</p>\n<p>Once you get all these set up, you should be flying around the terminal like a mad man, and will have no excuses to not get straight to work on your contract code, like I am doing right now by writing this post :p</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>If you found this tutorial helpful, please donate at:</p>\n<pre><code>NEO/GAS/NEP5 tokens: AR8rRBxgWw5siKsp1dUmfTLy6QQTjcqoqB<br>\nETH/ERC20 tokens: 0x575970777095575fDd12d9cD3B105b41D8DD1344<br>\nNANO/XRB: xrb_3rpmim57tqbrb8hhjfzm1x5uk135yhmgqoj7j7wsufpo53e3ad5k93ggy1cd<br>\nLTC: M8nZ7FwJXSMAkAfiGmTKjbB7MWpdwsp52d<br>\nBTC: 3LcA1ztxFjghexRNWPyGXA59VFU3gF4PTz<br>\nBCH: 1LXLiF7SjWGday6gm61hzbYHKbSAMevwXo</code></pre>\n</html>",
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      "permlink": "neo-smart-contracts-workflow-improvements",
      "title": "NEO Smart Contracts: Workflow Improvements"
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