Ecoer Logo

@xjonathanlei

25

Blockchain engineer

steemit.com/@xjonathanlei
VOTING POWER100.00%
DOWNVOTE POWER100.00%
RESOURCE CREDITS100.00%
REPUTATION PROGRESS0.00%
Net Worth
0.036USD
STEEM
0.000STEEM
SBD
0.000SBD
Effective Power
5.007SP
├── Own SP
0.629SP
└── Incoming Deleg
+4.378SP

Detailed Balance

STEEM
balance
0.000STEEM
market_balance
0.000STEEM
savings_balance
0.000STEEM
reward_steem_balance
0.000STEEM
STEEM POWER
Own SP
0.629SP
Delegated Out
0.000SP
Delegation In
4.378SP
Effective Power
5.007SP
Reward SP (pending)
0.000SP
SBD
sbd_balance
0.000SBD
sbd_conversions
0.000SBD
sbd_market_balance
0.000SBD
savings_sbd_balance
0.000SBD
reward_sbd_balance
0.000SBD
{
  "balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "vesting_shares": "1022.470602 VESTS",
  "delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "received_vesting_shares": "7121.189204 VESTS",
  "sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "conversions": []
}

Account Info

namexjonathanlei
id752603
rank223,652
reputation9600772
created2018-02-11T08:53:12
recovery_accountsteem
proxyNone
post_count1
comment_count0
lifetime_vote_count0
witnesses_voted_for0
last_post2018-02-11T08:59:24
last_root_post2018-02-11T08:59:24
last_vote_time2018-02-11T09:00:15
proxied_vsf_votes0, 0, 0, 0
can_vote1
voting_power0
delayed_votes0
balance0.000 STEEM
savings_balance0.000 STEEM
sbd_balance0.000 SBD
savings_sbd_balance0.000 SBD
vesting_shares1022.470602 VESTS
delegated_vesting_shares0.000000 VESTS
received_vesting_shares7121.189204 VESTS
reward_vesting_balance0.000000 VESTS
vesting_balance0.000 STEEM
vesting_withdraw_rate0.000000 VESTS
next_vesting_withdrawal1969-12-31T23:59:59
withdrawn0
to_withdraw0
withdraw_routes0
savings_withdraw_requests0
last_account_recovery1970-01-01T00:00:00
reset_accountnull
last_owner_update1970-01-01T00:00:00
last_account_update2018-02-11T08:55:54
minedNo
sbd_seconds0
sbd_last_interest_payment1970-01-01T00:00:00
savings_sbd_last_interest_payment1970-01-01T00:00:00
{
  "active": {
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM8FhEBNo4YXfcfjURjz9PxjGLpeCPNASvBqi8sCofBYSeSqM4kZ",
        1
      ]
    ],
    "weight_threshold": 1
  },
  "balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "can_vote": true,
  "comment_count": 0,
  "created": "2018-02-11T08:53:12",
  "curation_rewards": 0,
  "delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "downvote_manabar": {
    "current_mana": 2035914951,
    "last_update_time": 1779092508
  },
  "guest_bloggers": [],
  "id": 752603,
  "json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"profile_image\":\"https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/fit/c/200/200/1*A19oEeU7QIoVl6YRNCueNA.jpeg\",\"cover_image\":\"https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1600/1*CJKcH7KWZyyY8QzDNgNeYg.jpeg\",\"name\":\"Jonathan LEI\",\"about\":\"Blockchain engineer\",\"location\":\"Hong Kong\"}}",
  "last_account_recovery": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "last_account_update": "2018-02-11T08:55:54",
  "last_owner_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "last_post": "2018-02-11T08:59:24",
  "last_root_post": "2018-02-11T08:59:24",
  "last_vote_time": "2018-02-11T09:00:15",
  "lifetime_vote_count": 0,
  "market_history": [],
  "memo_key": "STM6f6iNX7N9yoH8kYwGKu3JbwwMu4Zq6V5RxHJMduekwu92iQezD",
  "mined": false,
  "name": "xjonathanlei",
  "next_vesting_withdrawal": "1969-12-31T23:59:59",
  "other_history": [],
  "owner": {
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM8Gru9Gb94xNHQd7cGHupisXzwbKiMS7nbFDbeDvcHtkn8X2xMd",
        1
      ]
    ],
    "weight_threshold": 1
  },
  "pending_claimed_accounts": 0,
  "post_bandwidth": 0,
  "post_count": 1,
  "post_history": [],
  "posting": {
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM5d3gqzTWUbkYvuubfZ5mybivfmW9Tpsbj9WoGaSA6WoEYvamQt",
        1
      ]
    ],
    "weight_threshold": 1
  },
  "posting_json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"profile_image\":\"https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/fit/c/200/200/1*A19oEeU7QIoVl6YRNCueNA.jpeg\",\"cover_image\":\"https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1600/1*CJKcH7KWZyyY8QzDNgNeYg.jpeg\",\"name\":\"Jonathan LEI\",\"about\":\"Blockchain engineer\",\"location\":\"Hong Kong\"}}",
  "posting_rewards": 0,
  "proxied_vsf_votes": [
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0
  ],
  "proxy": "",
  "received_vesting_shares": "7121.189204 VESTS",
  "recovery_account": "steem",
  "reputation": 9600772,
  "reset_account": "null",
  "reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reward_vesting_balance": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "reward_vesting_steem": "0.000 STEEM",
  "savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "savings_sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_sbd_seconds": "0",
  "savings_sbd_seconds_last_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_withdraw_requests": 0,
  "sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "sbd_seconds": "0",
  "sbd_seconds_last_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "tags_usage": [],
  "to_withdraw": 0,
  "transfer_history": [],
  "vesting_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "vesting_shares": "1022.470602 VESTS",
  "vesting_withdraw_rate": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "vote_history": [],
  "voting_manabar": {
    "current_mana": "8143659806",
    "last_update_time": 1779092508
  },
  "voting_power": 0,
  "withdraw_routes": 0,
  "withdrawn": 0,
  "witness_votes": [],
  "witnesses_voted_for": 0,
  "rank": 223652
}

Withdraw Routes

IncomingOutgoing
Empty
Empty
{
  "incoming": [],
  "outgoing": []
}
From Date
To Date
steemdelegated 4.378 SP to @xjonathanlei
2026/05/18 08:21:48
delegateexjonathanlei
delegatorsteem
vesting shares7121.189204 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #106153141/Trx 78aa2d08dc96bb50c0e23cc8903c1eaba22e1aee
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 106153141,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "xjonathanlei",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "7121.189204 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-05-18T08:21:48",
  "trx_id": "78aa2d08dc96bb50c0e23cc8903c1eaba22e1aee",
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 2.711 SP to @xjonathanlei
2026/05/13 12:46:57
delegateexjonathanlei
delegatorsteem
vesting shares4408.978799 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #106015152/Trx a7812408ff5b78b3d16549363bc08e0f82045900
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 106015152,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "xjonathanlei",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "4408.978799 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-05-13T12:46:57",
  "trx_id": "a7812408ff5b78b3d16549363bc08e0f82045900",
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 4.386 SP to @xjonathanlei
2026/04/26 07:30:39
delegateexjonathanlei
delegatorsteem
vesting shares7133.704960 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #105520568/Trx 809fe44040fbc82ef807f20e073e359bf0ef866b
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 105520568,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "xjonathanlei",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "7133.704960 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-04-26T07:30:39",
  "trx_id": "809fe44040fbc82ef807f20e073e359bf0ef866b",
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 2.736 SP to @xjonathanlei
2026/01/24 05:36:18
delegateexjonathanlei
delegatorsteem
vesting shares4450.525618 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #102877920/Trx f9b361bc780f0967393a30501802131d9f7c4c4e
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 102877920,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "xjonathanlei",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "4450.525618 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-01-24T05:36:18",
  "trx_id": "f9b361bc780f0967393a30501802131d9f7c4c4e",
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 2.837 SP to @xjonathanlei
2024/12/18 00:45:24
delegateexjonathanlei
delegatorsteem
vesting shares4614.744815 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #91324121/Trx 5d2653371be417c1e23d3d471e326114c6c8a518
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 91324121,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "xjonathanlei",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "4614.744815 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2024-12-18T00:45:24",
  "trx_id": "5d2653371be417c1e23d3d471e326114c6c8a518",
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 2.941 SP to @xjonathanlei
2023/11/14 16:24:24
delegateexjonathanlei
delegatorsteem
vesting shares4783.878347 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #79878216/Trx 684625fb67dd00f83ecca23ae737a2b9a0e343e7
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 79878216,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "xjonathanlei",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "4783.878347 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2023-11-14T16:24:24",
  "trx_id": "684625fb67dd00f83ecca23ae737a2b9a0e343e7",
  "trx_in_block": 4,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 4.747 SP to @xjonathanlei
2023/09/22 12:50:57
delegateexjonathanlei
delegatorsteem
vesting shares7720.787133 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #78365805/Trx ce9b8a5720762d863adf027108ee4fa7548062ab
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 78365805,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "xjonathanlei",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "7720.787133 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2023-09-22T12:50:57",
  "trx_id": "ce9b8a5720762d863adf027108ee4fa7548062ab",
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 4.883 SP to @xjonathanlei
2022/11/03 19:59:42
delegateexjonathanlei
delegatorsteem
vesting shares7942.838571 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #69123167/Trx 7d81ac9f4273768894d14e431cfc777709be7b77
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 69123167,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "xjonathanlei",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "7942.838571 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2022-11-03T19:59:42",
  "trx_id": "7d81ac9f4273768894d14e431cfc777709be7b77",
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 5.019 SP to @xjonathanlei
2022/01/18 00:59:30
delegateexjonathanlei
delegatorsteem
vesting shares8162.946172 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #60826173/Trx 6da80dcbbbf98e8aff504d379a132fa4d574da07
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 60826173,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "xjonathanlei",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "8162.946172 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2022-01-18T00:59:30",
  "trx_id": "6da80dcbbbf98e8aff504d379a132fa4d574da07",
  "trx_in_block": 38,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 5.132 SP to @xjonathanlei
2021/06/14 08:05:24
delegateexjonathanlei
delegatorsteem
vesting shares8347.140460 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #54616389/Trx 925148e72a37ef933a734372c8ec06517acf5374
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 54616389,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "xjonathanlei",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "8347.140460 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2021-06-14T08:05:24",
  "trx_id": "925148e72a37ef933a734372c8ec06517acf5374",
  "trx_in_block": 5,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 5.247 SP to @xjonathanlei
2020/12/11 18:15:33
delegateexjonathanlei
delegatorsteem
vesting shares8534.562434 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #49363584/Trx 8f5fd766131d74d7717a0192fc5377a1fa4d4f9b
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 49363584,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "xjonathanlei",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "8534.562434 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-12-11T18:15:33",
  "trx_id": "8f5fd766131d74d7717a0192fc5377a1fa4d4f9b",
  "trx_in_block": 4,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 1.176 SP to @xjonathanlei
2020/12/06 11:50:33
delegateexjonathanlei
delegatorsteem
vesting shares1912.543513 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #49215097/Trx a3866ab2d002e34dd0935a64ba3b9477229e20d8
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 49215097,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "xjonathanlei",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "1912.543513 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-12-06T11:50:33",
  "trx_id": "a3866ab2d002e34dd0935a64ba3b9477229e20d8",
  "trx_in_block": 6,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 5.251 SP to @xjonathanlei
2020/12/05 21:53:15
delegateexjonathanlei
delegatorsteem
vesting shares8540.770288 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #49198667/Trx e4b7254f8baf4099ee9899ef30f33c440703450d
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 49198667,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "xjonathanlei",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "8540.770288 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-12-05T21:53:15",
  "trx_id": "e4b7254f8baf4099ee9899ef30f33c440703450d",
  "trx_in_block": 11,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 1.180 SP to @xjonathanlei
2020/11/03 06:25:51
delegateexjonathanlei
delegatorsteem
vesting shares1920.017158 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #48275219/Trx 0f9c1585fbc5d95e51281e38fdc74d6fe5085d01
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 48275219,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "xjonathanlei",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "1920.017158 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-11-03T06:25:51",
  "trx_id": "0f9c1585fbc5d95e51281e38fdc74d6fe5085d01",
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 5.376 SP to @xjonathanlei
2020/05/09 12:55:33
delegateexjonathanlei
delegatorsteem
vesting shares8743.575647 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #43225457/Trx fd747ead08c2efed5270e1fd13a86dc8aac1a81e
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 43225457,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "xjonathanlei",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "8743.575647 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-09T12:55:33",
  "trx_id": "fd747ead08c2efed5270e1fd13a86dc8aac1a81e",
  "trx_in_block": 15,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 1.201 SP to @xjonathanlei
2020/05/08 17:36:36
delegateexjonathanlei
delegatorsteem
vesting shares1953.311140 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #43202817/Trx 0e640bce62c9e3e44bc27d7ca7515ad7292920cc
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 43202817,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "xjonathanlei",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "1953.311140 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-08T17:36:36",
  "trx_id": "0e640bce62c9e3e44bc27d7ca7515ad7292920cc",
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 5.384 SP to @xjonathanlei
2020/04/16 04:26:33
delegateexjonathanlei
delegatorsteem
vesting shares8756.463095 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #42570486/Trx 88931553f739d0ba089ed799fa93255f71cd897c
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 42570486,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "xjonathanlei",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "8756.463095 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-04-16T04:26:33",
  "trx_id": "88931553f739d0ba089ed799fa93255f71cd897c",
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
2020/02/11 09:54:24
authorsteemitboard
bodyCongratulations @xjonathanlei! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@xjonathanlei/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table> <sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@xjonathanlei) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=xjonathanlei)_</sub> ###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!
json metadata{"image":["https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png"]}
parent authorxjonathanlei
parent permlinkreverse-engineering-ethereum-smart-contract-let-s-talk-assembly
permlinksteemitboard-notify-xjonathanlei-20200211t095423000z
title
Transaction InfoBlock #40722629/Trx 339aabb95fb6520dc9ab4798ab5dcc86aac4dc8b
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 40722629,
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "author": "steemitboard",
      "body": "Congratulations @xjonathanlei! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@xjonathanlei/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@xjonathanlei) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=xjonathanlei)_</sub>\n\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
      "json_metadata": "{\"image\":[\"https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png\"]}",
      "parent_author": "xjonathanlei",
      "parent_permlink": "reverse-engineering-ethereum-smart-contract-let-s-talk-assembly",
      "permlink": "steemitboard-notify-xjonathanlei-20200211t095423000z",
      "title": ""
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-11T09:54:24",
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steemdelegated 5.504 SP to @xjonathanlei
2019/05/12 21:34:18
delegateexjonathanlei
delegatorsteem
vesting shares8952.079908 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #32853485/Trx 1b60dd664abb3163d9c41af5ca527e359bd16db3
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2019/02/11 10:40:09
authorsteemitboard
bodyCongratulations @xjonathanlei! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@xjonathanlei/birthday1.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 1 year!</td></tr></table> <sub>_[Click here to view your Board](https://steemitboard.com/@xjonathanlei)_</sub> > Support [SteemitBoard's project](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)! **[Vote for its witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1)** and **get one more award**!
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steemdelegated 5.627 SP to @xjonathanlei
2018/05/17 03:48:30
delegateexjonathanlei
delegatorsteem
vesting shares9151.595000 VESTS
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2018/02/11 09:00:15
authorxjonathanlei
permlinkreverse-engineering-ethereum-smart-contract-let-s-talk-assembly
voterxjonathanlei
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2018/02/11 08:59:24
authorxjonathanlei
body<html> <p><img src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1600/1*CJKcH7KWZyyY8QzDNgNeYg.jpeg" width="1600" height="842"/></p> <p>Back in 2009, Bitcoin was invented as a completely decentralized currency. We all appreciate such a huge advancement in terms of, well, money. However, it is not uncommon to argue that the underlying blockchain technology is even more important than currency itself, and I agree. Indeed, in recent years, we’ve been witnessing many blockchain projects popping up trying to change our lives.</p> <p>I personally think that <em><strong>the</strong></em> single most important revolution of the blockchain technology is the invention of smart contracts by Ethereum. True, even before Ethereum smart contracts you could already build simple applications by using scripts in Bitcoin. However, scripting in Bitcoin is rather painful and limited.</p> <p>In Ethereum, smart contracts are Turing-complete. Probably more importantly, it’s got a high-level language — Solidity. Well, we all know Solidity is still evolving and far from perfect. Nevertheless, as a high-level language, Solidity makes it so easy to program on blockchain that most decentralized applications nowadays are built on Ethereum. Of course, just like any high-level languages, Solidity codes need to be compiled into binary code first before being used on the blockchain.</p> <p>People ask from time to time: “<strong>how do smart contracts work?</strong>” Well, the short answer: Ethereum smart contracts run in EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine). But that doesn’t really answer the question, and leaves more questions yet unanswered: How do Solidity events work? How does the data structure “mapping” work? …</p> <p>Well, these questions may not bother those who only want to read and understand contracts. However, if you want to master smart contract development, knowing how everything works behind the scene becomes almost a prerequisite. Here, I’ve listed some benefits of knowing EVM assembly:</p> <ol> <li><strong>Understand </strong><em><strong>any</strong></em><strong> contract</strong>. Not all contracts are open-source. Closed-source contracts can contain security flaws and unwanted behavior.</li> <li><strong>Even deeper debugging</strong>. Assembly-level debugging always provides deeper insights. Remix IDE supports assembly debugging.</li> <li><strong>Extreme programming</strong>. Currently, smart contracts development focuses a lot more on security than efficiency (in terms of gas usage). However, as adoption grows, efficiency will eventually become an important factor. Sure, the compiler can do a certain level of optimization, but we all know it’s far from perfect, as least for now.</li> </ol> <p>The list goes on and on. So, there comes the question: how do I master Ethereum assembly?</p> <p>Well, <em>understanding</em> assembly codes (opcodes) is nothing too difficult, as all the technical specifications have been clearly (well, sort of) stated on the yellow paper. I personally don’t think that is enough. To me, mastering Ethereum assembly means that:</p> <blockquote><em>When you see Solidity code, you will immediately know how it will be compiled into assembly code; when you see assembly code, you will have a fairly accurate guess of the original Solidity code after some analysis.</em></blockquote> <p>Thus, I believe the best way to learn Ethereum assembly is through learning reverse engineering. I’m starting the series to help people who want to get started with this.</p> <p>Please note that, this series is <em>not</em> a starter guide for Ethereum contract development. It’s assumed that readers can already both <strong>write simply contracts</strong>, and <strong>understand relatively complex contracts</strong>. If you’re not equipped with these skills yet, please learn them first. I may also start another series for those topics in the future.</p> <p>Thanks for reading. See you in the next post.</p> </html>
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parent author
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xjonathanleiupdated their account properties
2018/02/11 08:55:54
accountxjonathanlei
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steemcreated a new account: @xjonathanlei
2018/02/11 08:53:12
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Witness Votes

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[]