Ecoer Logo
VOTING POWER100.00%
DOWNVOTE POWER100.00%
RESOURCE CREDITS100.00%
REPUTATION PROGRESS31.36%
Net Worth
0.573USD
STEEM
0.000STEEM
SBD
1.092SBD
Effective Power
5.001SP
├── Own SP
0.635SP
└── Incoming Deleg
+4.366SP

Detailed Balance

STEEM
balance
0.000STEEM
market_balance
0.000STEEM
savings_balance
0.000STEEM
reward_steem_balance
0.000STEEM
STEEM POWER
Own SP
0.635SP
Delegated Out
0.000SP
Delegation In
4.366SP
Effective Power
5.001SP
Reward SP (pending)
0.702SP
SBD
sbd_balance
0.000SBD
sbd_conversions
0.000SBD
sbd_market_balance
0.000SBD
savings_sbd_balance
0.000SBD
reward_sbd_balance
1.092SBD
{
  "balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "vesting_shares": "1034.375042 VESTS",
  "delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "received_vesting_shares": "7109.284764 VESTS",
  "sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "reward_sbd_balance": "1.092 SBD",
  "conversions": []
}

Account Info

namewhatif
id238328
rank634,114
reputation6495707886
created2017-07-01T20:23:03
recovery_accountsteem
proxyNone
post_count4
comment_count0
lifetime_vote_count0
witnesses_voted_for0
last_post2017-07-03T22:48:36
last_root_post2017-07-03T19:42:57
last_vote_time2017-07-03T19:42:57
proxied_vsf_votes0, 0, 0, 0
can_vote1
voting_power0
delayed_votes0
balance0.000 STEEM
savings_balance0.000 STEEM
sbd_balance0.000 SBD
savings_sbd_balance0.000 SBD
vesting_shares1034.375042 VESTS
delegated_vesting_shares0.000000 VESTS
received_vesting_shares7109.284764 VESTS
reward_vesting_balance1451.560309 VESTS
vesting_balance0.000 STEEM
vesting_withdraw_rate0.000000 VESTS
next_vesting_withdrawal1969-12-31T23:59:59
withdrawn0
to_withdraw0
withdraw_routes0
savings_withdraw_requests0
last_account_recovery1970-01-01T00:00:00
reset_accountnull
last_owner_update1970-01-01T00:00:00
last_account_update1970-01-01T00:00:00
minedNo
sbd_seconds0
sbd_last_interest_payment1970-01-01T00:00:00
savings_sbd_last_interest_payment1970-01-01T00:00:00
{
  "active": {
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM6tpzesRXQU5mbST67p1jGRVK8xGVqUxsUpaygG1JSwS8RmHoSB",
        1
      ]
    ],
    "weight_threshold": 1
  },
  "balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "can_vote": true,
  "comment_count": 0,
  "created": "2017-07-01T20:23:03",
  "curation_rewards": 1,
  "delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "downvote_manabar": {
    "current_mana": 2035914951,
    "last_update_time": 1779091881
  },
  "guest_bloggers": [],
  "id": 238328,
  "json_metadata": "",
  "last_account_recovery": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "last_account_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "last_owner_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "last_post": "2017-07-03T22:48:36",
  "last_root_post": "2017-07-03T19:42:57",
  "last_vote_time": "2017-07-03T19:42:57",
  "lifetime_vote_count": 0,
  "market_history": [],
  "memo_key": "STM6stysZMfrHQN9xcXk9X8xbeSo1T887N9YAvFANQoqMK5Yc9GhF",
  "mined": false,
  "name": "whatif",
  "next_vesting_withdrawal": "1969-12-31T23:59:59",
  "other_history": [],
  "owner": {
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM51TCunoiRJq6ZAMYKFMxCnzq2CkNjP7XCNJFJHRJioFfS7TjLN",
        1
      ]
    ],
    "weight_threshold": 1
  },
  "pending_claimed_accounts": 0,
  "post_bandwidth": 0,
  "post_count": 4,
  "post_history": [],
  "posting": {
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM7vAZZD93Bkrdc376JZm2v3xB5SHBMF6PvJQ3Dm1829t1jcqmXE",
        1
      ]
    ],
    "weight_threshold": 1
  },
  "posting_json_metadata": "",
  "posting_rewards": 1400,
  "proxied_vsf_votes": [
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0
  ],
  "proxy": "",
  "received_vesting_shares": "7109.284764 VESTS",
  "recovery_account": "steem",
  "reputation": "6495707886",
  "reset_account": "null",
  "reward_sbd_balance": "1.092 SBD",
  "reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reward_vesting_balance": "1451.560309 VESTS",
  "reward_vesting_steem": "0.702 STEEM",
  "savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "savings_sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_sbd_seconds": "0",
  "savings_sbd_seconds_last_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_withdraw_requests": 0,
  "sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "sbd_seconds": "0",
  "sbd_seconds_last_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "tags_usage": [],
  "to_withdraw": 0,
  "transfer_history": [],
  "vesting_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "vesting_shares": "1034.375042 VESTS",
  "vesting_withdraw_rate": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "vote_history": [],
  "voting_manabar": {
    "current_mana": "8143659806",
    "last_update_time": 1779091881
  },
  "voting_power": 0,
  "withdraw_routes": 0,
  "withdrawn": 0,
  "witness_votes": [],
  "witnesses_voted_for": 0,
  "rank": 634114
}

Withdraw Routes

IncomingOutgoing
Empty
Empty
{
  "incoming": [],
  "outgoing": []
}
From Date
To Date
steemdelegated 4.366 SP to @whatif
2026/05/18 08:11:21
delegatorsteem
delegateewhatif
vesting shares7109.284764 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #106152932/Trx f88c0d265852443c001a413f96518f50f62f4fdc
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "f88c0d265852443c001a413f96518f50f62f4fdc",
  "block": 106152932,
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-05-18T08:11:21",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "whatif",
      "vesting_shares": "7109.284764 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 2.700 SP to @whatif
2026/05/13 12:05:12
delegatorsteem
delegateewhatif
vesting shares4397.074359 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #106014317/Trx 6ff9c81532f956e94c2a4db0e4fe97434c1a9785
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "6ff9c81532f956e94c2a4db0e4fe97434c1a9785",
  "block": 106014317,
  "trx_in_block": 5,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-05-13T12:05:12",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "whatif",
      "vesting_shares": "4397.074359 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 4.373 SP to @whatif
2026/04/26 07:20:33
delegatorsteem
delegateewhatif
vesting shares7121.800520 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #105520366/Trx 6aab53af220dc8a29fe9d4e795400008d4b62697
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "6aab53af220dc8a29fe9d4e795400008d4b62697",
  "block": 105520366,
  "trx_in_block": 16,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-04-26T07:20:33",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "whatif",
      "vesting_shares": "7121.800520 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 2.726 SP to @whatif
2026/01/24 05:08:45
delegatorsteem
delegateewhatif
vesting shares4438.621178 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #102877369/Trx edc6c11db7d295bb8d240b19750db7af034faba3
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "edc6c11db7d295bb8d240b19750db7af034faba3",
  "block": 102877369,
  "trx_in_block": 3,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-01-24T05:08:45",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "whatif",
      "vesting_shares": "4438.621178 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 2.827 SP to @whatif
2024/12/18 00:17:36
delegatorsteem
delegateewhatif
vesting shares4602.840375 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #91323566/Trx 4c4254f433843c462e6bbb9b041cda313cfa51cd
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "4c4254f433843c462e6bbb9b041cda313cfa51cd",
  "block": 91323566,
  "trx_in_block": 3,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2024-12-18T00:17:36",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "whatif",
      "vesting_shares": "4602.840375 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 2.930 SP to @whatif
2023/11/14 15:56:27
delegatorsteem
delegateewhatif
vesting shares4771.973907 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #79877658/Trx d2b693cdb9bdd5f6b6857178a42522fde4045cc7
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "d2b693cdb9bdd5f6b6857178a42522fde4045cc7",
  "block": 79877658,
  "trx_in_block": 4,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2023-11-14T15:56:27",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "whatif",
      "vesting_shares": "4771.973907 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 4.734 SP to @whatif
2023/09/22 12:38:33
delegatorsteem
delegateewhatif
vesting shares7708.882693 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #78365558/Trx f629d150a0bead7b3c610637969f20de5cdd5a3b
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "f629d150a0bead7b3c610637969f20de5cdd5a3b",
  "block": 78365558,
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2023-09-22T12:38:33",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "whatif",
      "vesting_shares": "7708.882693 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 4.870 SP to @whatif
2022/11/03 19:49:18
delegatorsteem
delegateewhatif
vesting shares7930.934131 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #69122959/Trx 067375be9bebe38599817c427831f4f338275cfb
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "067375be9bebe38599817c427831f4f338275cfb",
  "block": 69122959,
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2022-11-03T19:49:18",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "whatif",
      "vesting_shares": "7930.934131 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 5.005 SP to @whatif
2022/01/18 00:50:00
delegatorsteem
delegateewhatif
vesting shares8151.041732 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #60825983/Trx 0372fe5bdd0b3748553c95d028ae6babbaf16532
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0372fe5bdd0b3748553c95d028ae6babbaf16532",
  "block": 60825983,
  "trx_in_block": 58,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2022-01-18T00:50:00",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "whatif",
      "vesting_shares": "8151.041732 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 5.119 SP to @whatif
2021/06/14 07:56:09
delegatorsteem
delegateewhatif
vesting shares8335.236020 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #54616205/Trx cbe507f59eb9bba4e906aadd9d1e043024e0489f
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "cbe507f59eb9bba4e906aadd9d1e043024e0489f",
  "block": 54616205,
  "trx_in_block": 20,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2021-06-14T07:56:09",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "whatif",
      "vesting_shares": "8335.236020 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 5.234 SP to @whatif
2020/12/11 18:06:30
delegatorsteem
delegateewhatif
vesting shares8522.657994 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #49363406/Trx ab40126f9f2c6bb299becfa6e897c2f537f5156e
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "ab40126f9f2c6bb299becfa6e897c2f537f5156e",
  "block": 49363406,
  "trx_in_block": 6,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-12-11T18:06:30",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "whatif",
      "vesting_shares": "8522.657994 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 1.174 SP to @whatif
2020/12/06 11:41:36
delegatorsteem
delegateewhatif
vesting shares1912.543513 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #49214921/Trx e77c610eab93fc99adc0f2c2c5110d807f8ffda8
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "e77c610eab93fc99adc0f2c2c5110d807f8ffda8",
  "block": 49214921,
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-12-06T11:41:36",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "whatif",
      "vesting_shares": "1912.543513 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 5.237 SP to @whatif
2020/12/05 21:44:18
delegatorsteem
delegateewhatif
vesting shares8528.865848 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #49198491/Trx 146324a2efcfa5178536ec543839b91952200abb
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "146324a2efcfa5178536ec543839b91952200abb",
  "block": 49198491,
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-12-05T21:44:18",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "whatif",
      "vesting_shares": "8528.865848 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 1.179 SP to @whatif
2020/11/03 06:07:54
delegatorsteem
delegateewhatif
vesting shares1920.017158 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #48274867/Trx 9a7f5f6387cb6580dfcd14b7b11d8393a7b07113
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "9a7f5f6387cb6580dfcd14b7b11d8393a7b07113",
  "block": 48274867,
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-11-03T06:07:54",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "whatif",
      "vesting_shares": "1920.017158 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 5.362 SP to @whatif
2020/05/09 12:46:24
delegatorsteem
delegateewhatif
vesting shares8731.671207 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #43225277/Trx 8c9dde6797b95c2bd9800d19f4e7403b16874686
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "8c9dde6797b95c2bd9800d19f4e7403b16874686",
  "block": 43225277,
  "trx_in_block": 15,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-09T12:46:24",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "whatif",
      "vesting_shares": "8731.671207 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 1.200 SP to @whatif
2020/05/08 17:26:00
delegatorsteem
delegateewhatif
vesting shares1953.311140 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #43202613/Trx 622c35f5c6343d7feb9b5a16a7f05d58227c1190
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "622c35f5c6343d7feb9b5a16a7f05d58227c1190",
  "block": 43202613,
  "trx_in_block": 19,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-08T17:26:00",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "whatif",
      "vesting_shares": "1953.311140 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 5.370 SP to @whatif
2020/04/16 04:20:48
delegatorsteem
delegateewhatif
vesting shares8744.558655 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #42570376/Trx ded686c0690454e4eb984ceb7ab6f0b7e15a744d
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "ded686c0690454e4eb984ceb7ab6f0b7e15a744d",
  "block": 42570376,
  "trx_in_block": 3,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-04-16T04:20:48",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "whatif",
      "vesting_shares": "8744.558655 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
2019/07/01 22:01:15
parent authorwhatif
parent permlinkcould-jello-be-the-perfect-material-to-shield-space-craft
authorsteemitboard
permlinksteemitboard-notify-whatif-20190701t220115000z
title
bodyCongratulations @whatif! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@whatif/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table> <sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@whatif) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=whatif)_</sub> ###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!
json metadata{"image":["https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png"]}
Transaction InfoBlock #34292351/Trx 5f543df03a0a30e1cc9a40b31fdd976ba863ca85
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "5f543df03a0a30e1cc9a40b31fdd976ba863ca85",
  "block": 34292351,
  "trx_in_block": 9,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2019-07-01T22:01:15",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "whatif",
      "parent_permlink": "could-jello-be-the-perfect-material-to-shield-space-craft",
      "author": "steemitboard",
      "permlink": "steemitboard-notify-whatif-20190701t220115000z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Congratulations @whatif! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@whatif/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@whatif) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=whatif)_</sub>\n\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
      "json_metadata": "{\"image\":[\"https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png\"]}"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 5.490 SP to @whatif
2019/05/12 21:28:39
delegatorsteem
delegateewhatif
vesting shares8940.175468 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #32853372/Trx b5ba9b7d180608e5a48deede3696abe066f2cda2
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "b5ba9b7d180608e5a48deede3696abe066f2cda2",
  "block": 32853372,
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2019-05-12T21:28:39",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "whatif",
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2018/05/17 03:43:06
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2018/01/09 07:15:15
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2017/08/04 05:16:33
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2017/07/10 22:48:36
authorwhatif
permlinkre-anarchyhasnogods-the-lagrangian-points-20170703t224838195z
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2017/07/10 19:42:57
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2017/07/09 18:06:48
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whatifreceived 0.016 SBD, 0.014 SP author reward for @whatif / what-if-party-drugs-are-the-key-to-long-term-space-flight
2017/07/09 17:42:42
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2017/07/09 17:02:00
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2017/07/03 23:54:18
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2017/07/03 23:52:54
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2017/07/03 23:50:42
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2017/07/03 23:14:21
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2017/07/03 23:13:54
parent authorwhatif
parent permlinkre-anarchyhasnogods-the-lagrangian-points-20170703t224838195z
authoranarchyhasnogods
permlinkre-whatif-re-anarchyhasnogods-the-lagrangian-points-20170703t231354149z
title
bodyI think it really depends on your goals. You might want to keep it at the points if you want to use them in space expeditions, or keep them there in "long term storage". If you don't need to use them right away and want to use them to load up a ship to launch somewhere in the solar system, you would likely launch from there anyway so one less stop. If you want to send it down to Earth, the closer the better.
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      "body": "I think it really depends on your goals.  You might want to keep it at the points if you want to use them in space expeditions, or keep them there in \"long term storage\". If you don't need to use them right away and want to use them to load up a ship to launch somewhere in the solar system, you would likely launch from there anyway so one less stop. If you want to send it down to Earth, the closer the better.",
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2017/07/03 22:48:36
parent authoranarchyhasnogods
parent permlinkthe-lagrangian-points
authorwhatif
permlinkre-anarchyhasnogods-the-lagrangian-points-20170703t224838195z
title
bodyI was having a conversation with someone about what to do with captured resources if space mining becomes a reality.... Do you think it'd be more practical to try and bring space resources to cislunar space and process them immediately, or "park" them in L4/ L5 and try to build a processing base/ space station there?
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      "body": "I was having a conversation with someone about what to do with captured resources if space mining becomes a reality.... Do you think it'd be more practical to try and bring space resources to cislunar space and process them immediately, or \"park\" them in L4/ L5 and try to build a processing base/ space station there?",
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2017/07/03 22:19:36
voteralexander.alexis
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permlinkcould-jello-be-the-perfect-material-to-shield-space-craft
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2017/07/03 19:44:09
parent author
parent permlinkscience
authorwhatif
permlinkwhat-if-party-drugs-are-the-key-to-long-term-space-flight
title{What if} party drugs are the key to long-term space flight?
bodyParty drugs and on-duty astronauts seem like the most irresponsible combination a person could think up. After all, it costs over 1,000 USD to send about 2 lbs (1Kg) of material into orbit- a fact that puts immense pressure on Astronauts to be constantly at their best. Add to that how easily poor judgement can jeopardize entire spacecraft, and it seems like recreational substances should be kept out of space entirely. That sort of thinking (while totally well-founded) has prevented researchers from looking to unlikely allies in the fight against space-related cognitive decline. A number of researchers have taken to the problem with an engineer's prospective, trying to develop better radiation shielding and other tech that may not be perfected before mankind launches its first long-term manned missions. Developing better tech, while ideal, might not be the only available answer. Having a chronic addiction to papers that aren't protected by a paywall, I read the abstracts and findings of hundreds of useless studies. In 2014, when I read "Long-term effects of marijuana use on the brain," I immediately suspected that what I read had immediate, valuable applications. ScienceAlert and other softcore science news outlets misreported the findings, suggesting that the brains of habitual users respond to a loss of grey matter in one region of the brain (the orbitofrontal cortex) by improving structural integrity elsewhere. In reality, the methodology of the study made it impossible to determine whether a "loss of grey matter" in the OFC was happening in response to habitual drug use. The authors of the paper noted that a smaller than average OFC in 12 year olds is predictive of later marijuana use- meaning that many of the subjects of the study could have had a smaller OFC to begin with. What the study *did* illustrate is that neural connectivity (the number of connections between single neurons) increases steadily for the first 6-8 years of habitual use. Aside from situations where sudden and significant brain trauma triggers the brain to "rewire" itself, it was generally believed that once cells in the brain are damaged, that damage could not be repaired. This study was one of the first, but not the only one, to demonstrate that the brain can be tricked into performing this kind of repair in other ways. Just a year prior to that, an experiment on mice conducted by the University of South Florida revealed similarly significant results. Working off a 2011 study that showed glucocorticoid receptors stimulate new growth in the hippocampus, researchers decided to test Psilocybin (which acts on a range of receptors) on a group of mice. Researchers hypothesized that giving mice a dose of the halucinogen would cause them to learn to fear painful stimuli more quickly, and exhibit those fears for longer than their sober fellows. When the lowest dosed mice overcame their conditioned fear response before the other groups, researchers were suprised to find that they had experienced significant new cell growth. The point? Drugs that have been illegal to test on humans for the last half century or so are likely harboring helpful secrets in the battle against "space brain." Space damages the brains of astronauts in ways that we don't fully understand yet. Zero gravity changes the way blood is circulated in the body, and causes decreased function in multiple areas of the brain. Occasionally, energized particles impact and damage healthy cells at random, including neurons. Psychological strain adds yet another element of complexity to these problems, and that's in the relative safety of Earth orbit. When mankind ventures beyond the safety of the Earth's magnetosphere, astronauts will be exposed to relatively high levels of cosmic radiation for long periods of time. In a study on mice and rats, both types of rodents were exposed to a range of radiated particles in levels similar to what an astronaut would experience. The effects on the animals were strikingly similar, and suggested that astronauts on these missions may develop: * Brain inflammation * Decreased neural connectivity * Decreased ability to learn * Diminished capacity for fear-extinction * Poor memory * Progressive cognitive defecits * And long term anxiety disorders While development of drugs to reduce the impact of radiation on astronauts is underway, the focus is on making astronauts more resilient to radiation, rather than treating the long term side-effects of that exposure. In the meantime, if there is a way to treat, or even to prevent, the neurological damage associated with long-term spaceflight, it would be irresponsible to overlook it. There's no reason to let our social stigma against "drugs" keep researchers from looking into what might be an immediate, achievable preventative measure. Members of a space crew need the highest degree of mental acuity possible at all times - erring on the side of an ingrained bias for "sobriety" may be too great a risk to take. [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences](http://www.pnas.org/content/111/47/16913.full) "Long-term effects of marijuana use on the brain" full paper [Article](http://www.brainhealth.utdallas.edu/blog_page/study-shows-marijuanas-long-term-effects-on-the-brain) for the casual reader. [Effects of psilocybin on hippocampal neurogenesis and extinction of trace fear conditioning](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23727882) Full academic paper [Livescience](https://www.livescience.com/37914-psilocybin-eliminates-traumatic-memories.html) summary for casual readers A bit about [Adult Neurogenesis](http://www.brainfacts.org/brain-basics/brain-development/articles/2016/neurogenesis-an-overview-072116/) [Cosmic Radiation exposure and persistant cognitive dysfunction](https://www.nature.com/articles/srep34774) Full academic paper on irradiated mice via Nature [LA Times](http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-space-brain-20161011-snap-story.html) article on "Space-brain" for casual readers
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      "title": "{What if} party drugs are the key to long-term space flight?",
      "body": "Party drugs and on-duty astronauts seem like the most irresponsible combination a person could think up.  After all, it costs over 1,000 USD to send about 2 lbs (1Kg) of material into orbit- a fact that puts immense pressure on Astronauts to be constantly at their best.  Add to that how easily poor judgement can jeopardize entire spacecraft,  and it seems like recreational substances should be kept out of space entirely.\n\nThat sort of thinking (while totally well-founded) has prevented researchers from looking to unlikely allies in the fight against space-related cognitive decline.   A number of researchers have taken to the problem with an engineer's prospective, trying to develop better radiation shielding and other tech that may not be perfected before mankind launches its first long-term manned missions.   Developing better tech, while ideal, might not be the only available answer.\n\nHaving a chronic addiction to papers that aren't protected by a paywall, I read the abstracts and findings of hundreds of useless studies. In 2014, when I read \"Long-term effects of marijuana use on the brain,\" I immediately suspected that what I read had immediate, valuable applications. ScienceAlert and other softcore science news outlets misreported the findings, suggesting that the brains of habitual users respond to a loss of grey matter in one region of the brain (the orbitofrontal cortex) by improving structural integrity elsewhere. In reality, the methodology of the study made it impossible to determine whether a \"loss of grey matter\" in the OFC was happening in response to habitual drug use. The authors of the paper noted that a smaller than average OFC in 12 year olds is predictive of later marijuana use- meaning that many of the subjects of the study could have had a smaller OFC to begin with. \n\nWhat the study *did* illustrate is that neural connectivity (the number of connections between single neurons) increases steadily for the first 6-8 years of habitual use.  Aside from situations where sudden and significant brain trauma triggers the brain to \"rewire\" itself, it was generally believed that once cells in the brain are damaged, that damage could not be repaired.  This study was one of the first, but not the only one, to demonstrate that the brain can be tricked into performing this kind of repair in other ways.\n \nJust a year prior to that, an experiment on mice conducted by the University of South Florida revealed similarly significant results.  Working off a 2011 study that showed glucocorticoid receptors stimulate new growth in the hippocampus, researchers decided to test Psilocybin (which acts on a range of receptors) on a group of mice. Researchers hypothesized that giving mice a dose of the halucinogen would cause them to learn to fear painful stimuli more quickly, and exhibit those fears for longer than their sober fellows.  When the lowest dosed mice overcame their conditioned fear response before the other groups, researchers were suprised to find that they had experienced significant new cell growth. \n\nThe point?  Drugs that have been illegal to test on humans for the last half century or so are likely harboring helpful secrets in the battle against \"space brain.\"  Space damages the brains of astronauts in ways that we don't fully understand yet.  Zero gravity changes the way blood is circulated in the body, and causes decreased function in multiple areas of the brain.  Occasionally, energized particles impact and damage healthy cells at random, including neurons. Psychological strain adds yet another element of complexity to these problems, and that's in the relative safety of Earth orbit.\n\nWhen mankind ventures beyond the safety of the Earth's magnetosphere, astronauts will be exposed to relatively high levels of cosmic radiation for long periods of time.  In a study on mice and rats, both types of rodents were exposed to a range of radiated particles in levels similar to what an astronaut would experience.  The effects on the animals were strikingly similar, and suggested that astronauts on these missions may develop:\n* Brain inflammation\n* Decreased neural connectivity\n* Decreased ability to learn\n* Diminished capacity for fear-extinction\n* Poor memory\n* Progressive cognitive defecits\n* And long term anxiety disorders\nWhile development of drugs to reduce the impact of radiation on astronauts is underway, the focus is on making astronauts more resilient to radiation, rather than treating the long term side-effects of that exposure.\n\nIn the meantime,  if there is a way to treat, or even to prevent, the neurological damage associated with long-term spaceflight, it would be irresponsible to overlook it.  There's no reason to let our social stigma against \"drugs\" keep researchers from looking into what might be an immediate, achievable preventative measure.  Members of a space crew need the highest degree of mental acuity possible at all times - erring on the side of an ingrained bias for \"sobriety\" may be too great a risk to take.  \n\n[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences](http://www.pnas.org/content/111/47/16913.full) \"Long-term effects of marijuana use on the brain\" full paper\n[Article](http://www.brainhealth.utdallas.edu/blog_page/study-shows-marijuanas-long-term-effects-on-the-brain) for the casual reader.\n\n[Effects of psilocybin on hippocampal neurogenesis and extinction of trace fear conditioning](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23727882)  Full academic paper\n[Livescience](https://www.livescience.com/37914-psilocybin-eliminates-traumatic-memories.html) summary for casual readers\n \nA bit about [Adult Neurogenesis](http://www.brainfacts.org/brain-basics/brain-development/articles/2016/neurogenesis-an-overview-072116/)\n\n[Cosmic Radiation exposure and persistant cognitive dysfunction](https://www.nature.com/articles/srep34774)  Full academic paper on irradiated mice via Nature\n[LA Times](http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-space-brain-20161011-snap-story.html) article on \"Space-brain\" for casual readers",
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2017/07/03 19:42:57
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2017/07/03 19:42:57
parent author
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authorwhatif
permlinkcould-jello-be-the-perfect-material-to-shield-space-craft
titleCould Jello be the perfect material to shield space craft?
bodyThe list of tech that we are trying to develop for long-term manned missions in space is *long*. Rightly so- ask an expert, and they'll probably agree that everything in space is trying to kill you. We need tech to survive even a few moments in space, and unless we improve some fundamental aspects of Aerospace engineering, spacecraft and equipment will continue to have a relatively short shelf life. One particularly annoying problem that engineers are trying to solve is a two- part problem: * We have a buttload of space- junk and microscopic debris in orbit, * We haven't really perfected shielding technology for our spacecraft. Among science-fiction enthusiasts, the proposed solution is to develop a repulsing field around a craft to redirect space debris and keep spacecraft intact. With the exception of a few ultra-brainy scientists searching for mono-poles and studying the weirder aspects of electromagnetism, it's safe to say we just aren't there yet. So, NASA and the ESA are actively looking to reduce the amount of space junk endangering LEO and Geosynchronous craft. ### What if there was a way to neutralize space-junk while testing a shield? I spent several weeks combing over creative ideas to tackle to the space-junk problem. All of the seemingly obvious solutions had the same problem: objects in space don't move the same way as on earth. Seems like an obvious statement, until you realize that all the "solutions" you've come up with are based on a bias toward the way you've observed Newtonian physics at work. In space, transfer of energy in a collision (change of trajectory) is very different than on earth where atmospheric friction and gravity constantly slow and stop moving objects. For example, a sort of dragnet to collect debris could easily send objects bouncing out of the net and whizzing around.... creating a giant hazard for nearby craft and space agencies that have to track those moving objects. There's also the real possibility that the force of high speed objects impacting the net would either destroy the net, or destroy the equipment mounting that net to a satellite or other craft. Trying to use magnetism to retrieve larger individual objects or "catch" smaller debris as it passes seemed like another possible solution. After thinking about it, I realized that it was an obvious solution with limited usefulness. Not all space debris is ferrous. The space debris that is tends to be fairly large, which means that it's easiest to track and maneuver around. Smaller debris (which is the most dangerous) has such a high relative velocity that "catching" it as it passes would mean performing complicated maneuvers that would quickly deplete fuel and endanger the clean-up craft. Even "slow-moving" debris in space is generally whizzing around at the same speed as bullets- part of the reason that Agencies full of the best and brightest are still struggling to come up with good solution for orbital clean-up. ### How Jello could solve the problem A while after giving up on the space junk problem, I made a batch of Jello. I dropped my phone and it bounced right out of the bowl onto the floor, spitting out its battery and seriously pissing me off. After glaring at my phone for a minute, I thought back to the space- junk problem. I immediately started bouncing objects off the jello like a crazy person: quarters, marbles.... really all the small objects close enough to grab. Eventually I made a sort of slingshot to launch objects at a higher speed, thinking about the shape and velocity of random space junk. Now, obviously Jello is not the ideal material to spend into space. I'm not *that* crazy. However, Jello has a number of physical properties ideal for a shielding material in space: * It distributes kinetic energy throughout its mass. * Rounded and irregular objects require a substantial amount of force to penetrate it. * Jello quickly slows objects that penetrate it * Projectiles become embedded in the jello Now at first blush, this seems like too simple a solution to a complicated problem- until you look at the materials we designed to stop bullets here on earth. Ballistics gel, Kevlar, and Graphene body armor are all products designed to stop bullets. A combination of similar materials could be layered together to form a smart material capable of trapping space debris on impact. The external skin would have to be composed of long chain polymers that are elastic in nature, but not resistant to puncture. This layer would serve as a pocket to deposit the gel material in, and to keep fragments of the gelatinous interior from flying off into space when an object impacts the shield. It would have to be resistant to heat, extreme cold, and not degrade in UV or become brittle in the cold. The next layer would be a relatively thick layer of smart gel with several long chain polymers dispersed thinly throughout to increase its structural integrity. Increasingly dense layers of smart gel would be deposited between the external gel and a thick, Kevlar-like polymer skin. A final, thickly layered, folding Graphene shield would form the last layer of protection between the clean-up drone and the micro-debris it would be flying into. The entire shield would have to be a self contained unit that cloud be deployed in space, and assembled and mounted by an on-board robot arm. The trick there would be to produce the folding Graphene shield, enveloped in the proper polymer skins. The smart gels would have to be deposited between layers of polymers using an aerosolized delivery method or by remotely releasing a catalyst to a precursor material included between the polymer skins. Obviously I don't work for NASA, but I think it's an idea worth testing. Anyone know where a tinkerbug can find a material-sciences lab?
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      "title": "Could Jello be the perfect material to shield space craft?",
      "body": "The list of tech that we are trying to develop for long-term manned missions in space is *long*. Rightly so-  ask an expert, and they'll probably agree that everything in space is trying to kill you.  We need tech to survive even a few moments in space, and unless we improve some fundamental aspects of Aerospace engineering, spacecraft and equipment will continue to have a relatively short shelf life.\n   One particularly annoying problem that engineers are trying to solve is a two- part problem:\n* We have a buttload of space- junk and microscopic debris in orbit,\n* We haven't really perfected shielding technology for our spacecraft.\n\nAmong science-fiction enthusiasts, the proposed solution is to develop a repulsing field around a craft to redirect space debris and keep spacecraft intact.  With the exception of a few ultra-brainy scientists searching for mono-poles and studying the weirder aspects of electromagnetism, it's safe to say we just aren't there yet. So, NASA and the ESA are actively looking to reduce the amount of space junk endangering LEO and Geosynchronous craft.\n\n### What if there was a way to neutralize space-junk while testing a shield?\n\nI spent several weeks combing over creative ideas to tackle to the space-junk problem.  All of the seemingly obvious solutions had the same problem:  objects in space don't move the same way as on earth.   Seems like an obvious statement, until you realize that all the \"solutions\" you've come up with are based on a bias toward the way you've observed Newtonian physics at work. In space, transfer of energy in a collision (change of trajectory) is very different than on earth where atmospheric friction and gravity constantly slow and stop moving objects.  \n  For example, a sort of dragnet to collect debris could easily send objects bouncing out of the net and whizzing around.... creating a giant hazard for nearby craft and space agencies that have to track those moving objects.  There's also the real possibility that the force of high speed objects impacting the net would either destroy the net, or destroy the equipment mounting that net to a satellite or other craft.\n  Trying to use magnetism to retrieve larger individual objects or \"catch\" smaller debris as it passes seemed like another possible solution.  After thinking about it, I realized that it was an obvious solution with limited usefulness. Not all space debris is ferrous.  The space debris that is tends to be fairly large, which means that it's easiest to track and maneuver around.  Smaller debris (which is the most dangerous) has such a high relative velocity that \"catching\" it as it passes would mean performing complicated maneuvers that would quickly deplete fuel and endanger the clean-up craft.  Even \"slow-moving\" debris in space is generally whizzing around at the same speed as bullets- part of the reason that Agencies full of the best and brightest are still struggling to come up with good solution for orbital clean-up.\n\n### How Jello could solve the problem\nA while after giving up on the space junk problem, I made a batch of Jello.  I dropped my phone and it bounced right out of the bowl onto the floor, spitting out its battery and seriously pissing me off.  After glaring at my phone for a minute, I thought back to the space- junk problem. I immediately started bouncing objects off the jello like a crazy person:  quarters, marbles.... really all the small objects close enough to grab.   Eventually I made a sort of slingshot to launch  objects at a higher speed, thinking about the shape and velocity of random space junk.\n\nNow, obviously Jello is not the ideal material to spend into space.  I'm not *that* crazy. However, Jello has a number of physical properties ideal for a shielding material in space:\n* It distributes kinetic energy throughout its mass.\n* Rounded and irregular objects require a substantial amount of force to penetrate it.\n* Jello quickly slows objects that penetrate it\n* Projectiles become embedded in the jello\n\nNow at first blush, this seems like too simple a solution to a complicated problem- until you look at the materials we designed to stop bullets here on earth.   Ballistics gel, Kevlar, and Graphene body armor are all products designed to stop bullets.  A combination of similar materials could be layered together to form a smart material capable of trapping space debris on impact.\n\nThe external skin would have to be composed of long chain polymers that are elastic in nature, but not resistant to puncture.  This layer would serve as a pocket to deposit the gel material in,  and to keep fragments of the gelatinous interior from flying off into space when an object impacts the shield.  It would have to be resistant to heat, extreme cold, and not degrade in UV or become brittle in the cold.\n\nThe next layer would be a relatively thick layer of smart gel with several long chain polymers dispersed thinly throughout to increase its structural integrity. Increasingly dense layers of smart gel would be deposited between the external gel and a thick,  Kevlar-like polymer skin.  A final, thickly layered, folding Graphene shield would form the last layer of protection between the clean-up drone and the micro-debris it would be flying into.\n\nThe entire shield would have to be a self contained unit that cloud be deployed in space, and assembled and mounted by an on-board robot arm.   The trick there would be to produce the folding Graphene shield, enveloped in the proper polymer skins.  The smart gels would have to be deposited between layers of polymers using an aerosolized delivery method or by remotely releasing a catalyst to a precursor material included between the polymer skins.  \n\nObviously I don't work for NASA, but I think it's an idea worth testing.  Anyone know where a tinkerbug can find a material-sciences lab?",
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2017/07/03 00:45:09
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2017/07/02 18:30:48
voterfredrikaa
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2017/07/02 18:30:45
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authorfredrikaa
permlinkre-whatif-re-fredrikaa-from-nasa-to-steemit-introducing-me-and-my-space-adventure-20170702t183044729z
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bodyThank you! I have a lot to share (right now is the 5 year anniversary of me going to NASA with the International Space University, so I am getting new "Memories" shared on Facebook every day). So a lot of material to share with all of you :) I hope to also do some segments of how to get started studying or working with Space. I hope that can be of value to you should it be something you would want to do one day :) Thank you again for giving a kind welcome! I look forward to engaging with you more in the future!
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      "body": "Thank you! I have a lot to share (right now is the 5 year anniversary of me going to NASA with the International Space University, so I am getting new \"Memories\" shared on Facebook every day). So a lot of material to share with all of you :)\n\nI hope to also do some segments of how to get started studying or working with Space. I hope that can be of value to you should it be something you would want to do one day :)\n\nThank you again for giving a kind welcome! I look forward to engaging with you more in the future!",
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2017/07/02 18:21:21
parent author
parent permlinkscience
authorwhatif
permlinkwhat-if-party-drugs-are-the-key-to-long-term-space-flight
title{What if} party drugs are the key to long-term space flight?
bodyParty drugs and on-duty astronauts seem like the most irresponsible combination a person could think up. After all, it costs over 1,000 USD to send about 2 lbs (1Kg) of material into orbit- a fact that puts immense pressure on Astronauts to be constantly at their best. Add to that how easily poor judgement can jeopardize entire spacecraft, and it seems like recreational substances should be kept out of space entirely. That sort of thinking (while totally well-founded) has prevented researchers from looking to unlikely allies in the fight against space-related cognitive decline. A number of researchers have taken to the problem with an engineer's prospective, trying to develop better radiation shielding and other tech that may not be perfected before mankind launches its first long-term manned missions. Developing better tech, while ideal, might not be the only available answer. Having a chronic addiction to papers that aren't protected by a paywall, I read the abstracts and findings of hundreds of useless studies. In 2014, when I read "Long-term effects of marijuana use on the brain," I immediately suspected that what I read had immediate, valuable applications. ScienceAlert and other softcore science news outlets misreported the findings, suggesting that the brains of habitual users respond to a loss of grey matter in one region of the brain (the orbitofrontal cortex) by improving structural integrity elsewhere. In reality, the methodology of the study made it impossible to determine whether a "loss of grey matter" in the OFC was happening in response to habitual drug use. The authors of the paper noted that a smaller than average OFC in 12 year olds is predictive of later marijuana use- meaning that many of the subjects of the study could have had a smaller OFC to begin with. What the study *did* illustrate is that neural connectivity (the number of connections between single neurons) increases steadily for the first 6-8 years of habitual use. Aside from situations where sudden and significant brain trauma triggers the brain to "rewire" itself, it was generally believed that once cells in the brain are damaged, that damage could not be repaired. This study was one of the first, but not the only one, to demonstrate that the brain can be tricked into performing this kind of repair in other ways. Just a year prior to that, an experiment on mice conducted by the University of South Florida revealed similarly significant results. Working off a 2011 study that showed glucocorticoid receptors stimulate new growth in the hippocampus, researchers decided to test Psilocybin (which acts on a range of receptors) on a group of mice. Researchers hypothesized that giving mice a dose of the halucinogen would cause them to learn to fear painful stimuli more quickly, and exhibit those fears for longer than their sober fellows. When the lowest dosed mice overcame their conditioned fear response before the other groups, researchers were suprised to find that they had experienced significant new cell growth. The point? Drugs that have been illegal to test on humans for the last half century or so are likely harboring helpful secrets in the battle against "space brain." Space damages the brains of astronauts in ways that we don't fully understand yet. Zero gravity changes the way blood is circulated in the body, and causes decreased function in multiple areas of the brain. Occasionally, energized particles impact and damage healthy cells at random, including neurons. Psychological strain adds yet another element of complexity to these problems, and that's in the relative safety of Earth orbit. When mankind ventures beyond the safety of the Earth's magnetosphere, astronauts will be exposed to relatively high levels of cosmic radiation for long periods of time. In a study on mice and rats, both types of rodents were exposed to a range of radiated particles in levels similar to what an astronaut would experience. The effects on the animals were strikingly similar, and suggested that astronauts on these missions may develop: * Brain inflammation * Decreased neural connectivity * Decreased ability to learn * Diminished capacity for fear-extinction * Poor memory * Progressive cognitive defecits * And long term anxiety disorders While development of drugs to reduce the impact of radiation on astronauts is underway, the focus is on making astronauts more resilient to radiation, rather than treating the long term side-effects of that exposure. In the meantime, if there is a way to treat, or even to prevent, the neurological damage associated with long-term spaceflight, it would be irresponsible to overlook it. There's no reason to let our social stigma against "drugs" keep researchers from looking into what might be an immediate, achievable preventative measure. Members of a space crew need the highest degree of mental acuity possible at all times - erring on the side of an ingrained bias for "sobriety" may be too great a risk to take. [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences](http://www.pnas.org/content/111/47/16913.full) "Long-term effects of marijuana use on the brain" full paper [Article](http://www.brainhealth.utdallas.edu/blog_page/study-shows-marijuanas-long-term-effects-on-the-brain) for the casual reader. [Effects of psilocybin on hippocampal neurogenesis and extinction of trace fear conditioning](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23727882) Full academic paper [Livescience](https://www.livescience.com/37914-psilocybin-eliminates-traumatic-memories.html) summary for casual readers A bit about [Adult Neurogenesis](http://www.brainfacts.org/brain-basics/brain-development/articles/2016/neurogenesis-an-overview-072116/) [Cosmic Radiation exposure and persistant cognitive dysfunction](https://www.nature.com/articles/srep34774) Full academic paper on irradiated mice via Nature [LA Times](http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-space-brain-20161011-snap-story.html) article on "Space-brain" for casual readers
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      "title": "{What if} party drugs are the key to long-term space flight?",
      "body": "Party drugs and on-duty astronauts seem like the most irresponsible combination a person could think up.  After all, it costs over 1,000 USD to send about 2 lbs (1Kg) of material into orbit- a fact that puts immense pressure on Astronauts to be constantly at their best.  Add to that how easily poor judgement can jeopardize entire spacecraft,  and it seems like recreational substances should be kept out of space entirely.\n\nThat sort of thinking (while totally well-founded) has prevented researchers from looking to unlikely allies in the fight against space-related cognitive decline.   A number of researchers have taken to the problem with an engineer's prospective, trying to develop better radiation shielding and other tech that may not be perfected before mankind launches its first long-term manned missions.   Developing better tech, while ideal, might not be the only available answer.\n\nHaving a chronic addiction to papers that aren't protected by a paywall, I read the abstracts and findings of hundreds of useless studies. In 2014, when I read \"Long-term effects of marijuana use on the brain,\" I immediately suspected that what I read had immediate, valuable applications. ScienceAlert and other softcore science news outlets misreported the findings, suggesting that the brains of habitual users respond to a loss of grey matter in one region of the brain (the orbitofrontal cortex) by improving structural integrity elsewhere. In reality, the methodology of the study made it impossible to determine whether a \"loss of grey matter\" in the OFC was happening in response to habitual drug use. The authors of the paper noted that a smaller than average OFC in 12 year olds is predictive of later marijuana use- meaning that many of the subjects of the study could have had a smaller OFC to begin with. \n\nWhat the study *did* illustrate is that neural connectivity (the number of connections between single neurons) increases steadily for the first 6-8 years of habitual use.  Aside from situations where sudden and significant brain trauma triggers the brain to \"rewire\" itself, it was generally believed that once cells in the brain are damaged, that damage could not be repaired.  This study was one of the first, but not the only one, to demonstrate that the brain can be tricked into performing this kind of repair in other ways.\n \nJust a year prior to that, an experiment on mice conducted by the University of South Florida revealed similarly significant results.  Working off a 2011 study that showed glucocorticoid receptors stimulate new growth in the hippocampus, researchers decided to test Psilocybin (which acts on a range of receptors) on a group of mice. Researchers hypothesized that giving mice a dose of the halucinogen would cause them to learn to fear painful stimuli more quickly, and exhibit those fears for longer than their sober fellows.  When the lowest dosed mice overcame their conditioned fear response before the other groups, researchers were suprised to find that they had experienced significant new cell growth. \n\nThe point?  Drugs that have been illegal to test on humans for the last half century or so are likely harboring helpful secrets in the battle against \"space brain.\"  Space damages the brains of astronauts in ways that we don't fully understand yet.  Zero gravity changes the way blood is circulated in the body, and causes decreased function in multiple areas of the brain.  Occasionally, energized particles impact and damage healthy cells at random, including neurons. Psychological strain adds yet another element of complexity to these problems, and that's in the relative safety of Earth orbit.\n\nWhen mankind ventures beyond the safety of the Earth's magnetosphere, astronauts will be exposed to relatively high levels of cosmic radiation for long periods of time.  In a study on mice and rats, both types of rodents were exposed to a range of radiated particles in levels similar to what an astronaut would experience.  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2017/07/02 17:46:57
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2017/07/02 17:42:42
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title{What if} party drugs are the key to long-term space flight?
bodyParty drugs and on-duty astronauts seem like the most irresponsible combination a person could think up. After all, it costs over 1,000 USD to send about 2 lbs (1Kg) of material into orbit- a fact that puts immense pressure on Astronauts to be constantly at their best. Add to that how easily poor judgement can jeopardize entire spacecraft, and it seems like recreational substances should be kept out of space entirely. That sort of thinking (while totally well-founded) has prevented researchers from looking to unlikely allies in the fight against space-related cognitive decline. A number of researchers have taken to the problem with an engineer's prospective, trying to develop better radiation shielding and other tech that may not be perfected before mankind launches its first long-term manned missions. Developing better tech, while ideal, might not be the only available answer. Having a chronic addiction to papers that aren't protected by a paywall, I read the abstracts and findings of hundreds of useless studies. In 2014, when I read "Long-term effects of marijuana use on the brain," I immediately suspected that what I read had immediate, valuable applications. ScienceAlert and other softcore science news outlets misreported the findings, suggesting that the brains of habitual users respond to a loss of grey matter in one region of the brain (the orbitofrontal cortex) by improving structural integrity elsewhere. In reality, the methodology of the study made it impossible to determine whether a "loss of grey matter" in the OFC was happening in response to habitual drug use. The authors of the paper noted that a smaller than average OFC in 12 year olds is predictive of later marijuana use- meaning that many of the subjects of the study could have had a smaller OFC to begin with. What the study *did* illustrate is that neural connectivity (the number of connections between single neurons) increases steadily for the first 6-8 years of habitual use. Aside from situations where sudden and significant brain trauma triggers the brain to "rewire" itself, it was generally believed that once cells in the brain are damaged, that damage could not be repaired. This study was one of the first, but not the only one, to demonstrate that the brain can be tricked into performing this kind of repair in other ways. Just a year prior to that, an experiment on mice conducted by the University of South Florida revealed similarly significant results. Working off a 2011 study that showed glucocorticoid receptors stimulate new growth in the hippocampus, researchers decided to test Psilocybin (which acts on a range of receptors) on a group of mice. Researchers hypothesized that giving mice a dose of the halucinogen would cause them to learn to fear painful stimuli more quickly, and exhibit those fears for longer than their sober fellows. When the lowest dosed mice overcame their conditioned fear response before the other groups, researchers were suprised to find that they had experienced significant new cell growth. The point? Drugs that have been illegal to test on humans for the last half century or so are likely harboring helpful secrets in the battle against "space brain." Space damages the brains of astronauts in ways that we don't fully understand yet. Zero gravity changes the way blood is circulated in the body, and causes decreased function in multiple areas of the brain. Occasionally, energized particles impact and damage healthy cells at random, including neurons. Psychological strain adds yet another element of complexity to these problems, and that's in the relative safety of Earth orbit. When mankind ventures beyond the safety of the Earth's magnetosphere, astronauts will be exposed to relatively high levels of cosmic radiation for long periods of time. In a study on mice and rats, both types of rodents were exposed to a range of radiated particles in levels similar to what an astronaut would experience. The effects on the animals were strikingly similar, and suggested that astronauts on these missions may develop: * Brain inflammation * Decreased neural connectivity * Decreased ability to learn * Diminished capacity for fear-extinction * Poor memory * Progressive cognitive defecits * And long term anxiety disorders While development of drugs to reduce the impact of radiation on astronauts is underway, the focus is on making astronauts more resilient to radiation, rather than treating the long term side-effects of that exposure. In the meantime, if there is a way to treat, or even to prevent, the neurological damage associated with long-term spaceflight, it would be irresponsible to overlook it. There's no reason to let our social stigma against "drugs" keep researchers from looking into what might be an immediate, achievable preventative measure. Members of a space crew need the highest degree of mental acuity possible at all times - erring on the side of an ingrained bias for "sobriety" may be too great a risk to take. [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences](http://www.pnas.org/content/111/47/16913.full) "Long-term effects of marijuana use on the brain" full paper [Article](http://www.brainhealth.utdallas.edu/blog_page/study-shows-marijuanas-long-term-effects-on-the-brain) for the casual reader. [Effects of psilocybin on hippocampal neurogenesis and extinction of trace fear conditioning](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23727882) Full academic paper [Livescience](https://www.livescience.com/37914-psilocybin-eliminates-traumatic-memories.html) summary for casual readers A bit about [Adult Neurogenesis](http://www.brainfacts.org/brain-basics/brain-development/articles/2016/neurogenesis-an-overview-072116/) [Cosmic Radiation exposure and persistant cognitive dysfunction](https://www.nature.com/articles/srep34774) Full academic paper on irradiated mice via Nature [LA Times](http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-space-brain-20161011-snap-story.html) article on "Space-brain" for casual readers
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Developing better tech, while ideal, might not be the only available answer.\n\n     Having a chronic addiction to papers that aren't protected by a paywall, I read the abstracts and findings of hundreds of useless studies. In 2014, when I read \"Long-term effects of marijuana use on the brain,\" I immediately suspected that what I read had immediate, valuable applications. ScienceAlert and other softcore science news outlets misreported the findings, suggesting that the brains of habitual users respond to a loss of grey matter in one region of the brain (the orbitofrontal cortex) by improving structural integrity elsewhere. In reality, the methodology of the study made it impossible to determine whether a \"loss of grey matter\" in the OFC was happening in response to habitual drug use. The authors of the paper noted that a smaller than average OFC in 12 year olds is predictive of later marijuana use- meaning that many of the subjects of the study could have had a smaller OFC to begin with. \n\n     What the study *did* illustrate is that neural connectivity (the number of connections between single neurons) increases steadily for the first 6-8 years of habitual use.  Aside from situations where sudden and significant brain trauma triggers the brain to \"rewire\" itself, it was generally believed that once cells in the brain are damaged, that damage could not be repaired.  This study was one of the first, but not the only one, to demonstrate that the brain can be tricked into performing this kind of repair in other ways.\n \n    Just a year prior to that, an experiment on mice conducted by the University of South Florida revealed similarly significant results.  Working off a 2011 study that showed glucocorticoid receptors stimulate new growth in the hippocampus, researchers decided to test Psilocybin (which acts on a range of receptors) on a group of mice. Researchers hypothesized that giving mice a dose of the halucinogen would cause them to learn to fear painful stimuli more quickly, and exhibit those fears for longer than their sober fellows.  When the lowest dosed mice overcame their conditioned fear response before the other groups, researchers were suprised to find that they had experienced significant new cell growth. \n\n    The point?  Drugs that have been illegal to test on humans for the last half century or so are likely harboring helpful secrets in the battle against \"space brain.\"  Space damages the brains of astronauts in ways that we don't fully understand yet.  Zero gravity changes the way blood is circulated in the body, and causes decreased function in multiple areas of the brain.  Occasionally, energized particles impact and damage healthy cells at random, including neurons. Psychological strain adds yet another element of complexity to these problems, and that's in the relative safety of Earth orbit.\n\n    When mankind ventures beyond the safety of the Earth's magnetosphere, astronauts will be exposed to relatively high levels of cosmic radiation for long periods of time.  In a study on mice and rats, both types of rodents were exposed to a range of radiated particles in levels similar to what an astronaut would experience.  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None
{
  "posting_json_metadata": {},
  "json_metadata": {}
}

Auth Keys

Owner
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM51TCunoiRJq6ZAMYKFMxCnzq2CkNjP7XCNJFJHRJioFfS7TjLN1/1
Active
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM6tpzesRXQU5mbST67p1jGRVK8xGVqUxsUpaygG1JSwS8RmHoSB1/1
Posting
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM7vAZZD93Bkrdc376JZm2v3xB5SHBMF6PvJQ3Dm1829t1jcqmXE1/1
Memo
STM6stysZMfrHQN9xcXk9X8xbeSo1T887N9YAvFANQoqMK5Yc9GhF
{
  "owner": {
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM51TCunoiRJq6ZAMYKFMxCnzq2CkNjP7XCNJFJHRJioFfS7TjLN",
        1
      ]
    ],
    "weight_threshold": 1
  },
  "active": {
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM6tpzesRXQU5mbST67p1jGRVK8xGVqUxsUpaygG1JSwS8RmHoSB",
        1
      ]
    ],
    "weight_threshold": 1
  },
  "posting": {
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM7vAZZD93Bkrdc376JZm2v3xB5SHBMF6PvJQ3Dm1829t1jcqmXE",
        1
      ]
    ],
    "weight_threshold": 1
  },
  "memo": "STM6stysZMfrHQN9xcXk9X8xbeSo1T887N9YAvFANQoqMK5Yc9GhF"
}

Witness Votes

0 / 30
No active witness votes.
[]