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      "body": "Unlike most main batter tanks which either use a torsion bar or a hydroneumatic suspension, the Merkava main battle tanks use a more simple coil spring suspension system.\n\nThis was originally based on the Horstmann suspension of the Sho't Centurion main battle tanks which the Israel Defense Force originally used and was found to be very reliable and easy to repair compared to the torsion bars on their M48 Patton tanks.\n\nThe suspension system uses two coil stings of different sizes with the smaller one contained inside the larger one to increase the suspension's weight capacity without having to use thicker and larger coil springs. Just like on torsion bar suspensions, each of the suspension arms are also equipped with a pneumatic shock absorber to avoid damaging the suspension system when the tank jumps or runs over obstacles at high speed. The Merkava's suspension system is very easy to repair and are a lot less vulnerable to mine damage compared to other suspension systems.\n\n\n![128647312_176341217541418_4745957480920780883_o.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmcuBpA4V45nJ8egkBswz4661H34WJKgyTsMmjFqgXUjQs/128647312_176341217541418_4745957480920780883_o.jpg)\n\n\nThe suspension's coil springs also provide an additional amount of armor protection with each spring set being equivalent to 50mm of rolled homogeneous armor and can help protect the vehicle against Explosively Formed Penetrator IEDs.\n\nIt does come with a few draw backs though with, aside from being more expensive than torsion bars, coil springs only give a shorter degree of travel for the suspension arms. It is also more unstable and produces more vibrations which reduces crew comfort and significantly affects the gun's accuracy when the tank is firing on the move.\n\nSources: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkava_Mark_3",
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      "body": "If someone has checked on Firepower of R.P. Hunnicutt, they'll notice at the very second page past the introduction of Heavy Tanks to the US, right next of the first Tank Crew of the Mark VIII \"Liberty\" tank, they'll notice this interesting design it's quite obscure even on the internet itself:\n\n\n![IMG_20201202_113317111.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmY4pjmGDCoz3udHTwt3Mv8VpJ4Nm94mPVEE1QQH7SJEHB/IMG_20201202_113317111.jpg)\n\nYou will try and Google anything about \"Automatic Machine Company\", \"Bridgeport, Connecticut\" or even the date it says, 14 July 1915, and you'll only get some strange classic pictures of the Machine Co. posters of sewing machines, hydraulic presses and even a few modern factories, but NOTHING about the tank of the picture. \n\nYou might even think it was an irrelevant paper tank, specially on such a wild era where the combustion engine was still far from being standarized, so many people came with crazy ideas. However not any fictional crazy tank would go as far as appearing as the very first United States Tank Corps insignia:\n\n![2043.jpg](http://www.hayesotoupalik.com/images/DSCF2043.jpg)\n[source](http://www.hayesotoupalik.com/WW1%20U.S.%20Insignia.htm)\n\n\n![alligatora.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmTNqAT2ee62eYk8epmK9Utt1qpnuqwgda64qTzKwVRgvt/alligatora.jpg)\n\n>On 29 December 1917, paragraph 36 change 1 to War Department Special Regulations No. 42, established the first Tank Service collar insignia (picture) which was unpopular with the service; so, on 7 May 1918, change 2 to the Service Regulation announced a new design that was popular with the troops. (A side Mark VIII instead of this picture)\n\n[source](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:First-Tank-Corps-Branch-Insignia.png)\n\n# How exactly a paper tank appeared as the official US Tank Corps?\n\nWe have to remember that for World War I, the concept of a tank was very new, even still a secret on some places. Even H. G. Wells wrote [The Land Ironclads](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Land_Ironclads) with a bit of imagination and what technologies he saw trending, it was not enough to make the knowledge of an armored vehicle be heard of, let alone needed. You still would have a hard time understanding the need of an armored landship, until you start to get frustrated in your trench for days, weeks and even months without any noticeable push or retreat. The generals started to realize how bad the attrition was, and they slowly started to experiment with anything that appeared on their door.\n\nBut there was one problem: The US did not had a proper tank on their own. At the very best they got some FT-17 the same General Patton commanded one, but no properly american tank. Then again, the new mysterious British unit was not revealed until the morning of 15 September 1916 during the Battle of Flers-Courcelette, where more people started to take notice of it...    and still, pictures were still too rare to publish it worldwide. That gave room for many artists and even companies to try and reimagine the tank for themselves, either for renown, or to get a military contract, or both. Some started from scratch while others already had old blueprints to try and be taken further than just a concept...   like the Automatic Machine Company.\n\n After the use of tanks by Great Britain in September 1916, plans of the Land Cruiser appeared in two journals: \"Scientific American\" of October 7, and \"Popular Mechanics\" of November. While Popular Mechanics gave a more in-depth explanation of the concept tank and the blueprints, Scientific American took the cake on including an artist' speculative impression of the tank being deployed on the Somme. \n\n\n\n![Mystery_tank_3.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmSZtfSwrCQM2WSQgjutHyYRND917fC7xrymtLutP9RYkE/Mystery_tank_3.jpg)\n*A refreshing, unique view never seen before of this tank, caused a bit more of confusion if it was real or fiction*\n\nWhile the US Army began investigating what they could take for a tank and make it their own, it wasn't until July 1918 they finally got the first shipment of Mark VIII's Britain sent to them. Until then, people could only think on the Land Cruiser picture above. Easier to see, easier to understand, easier to recognize, but a bit offensive for the actual tank men that gave their lives on the front to be related to something made of fiction.  [Something similar happened very recently with the new United States Space Force.](https://twitter.com/GeorgeTakei/status/1220832403985502209) \n\n# So...  what exactly happened to the Land Cruiser then?\n\nTo put it in short...   it was never meant to exist. It was just the Automatic Machine Co. building some hype to sell engines. They gave the Land Cruiser popularity and tried  to sell each part by separate (tracks, radiators, engine, etc), but not the tank as a whole. The very words of Norman Leeds, Treasurer and General Manager of Automatic Machine Co were:\n\n>In the sketch as carried over the seas by Mr. McNab, Mr. Leeds had no thought of presenting a finished product. The question of proper armament and its disposition was one to be settled by men expert in modern ordnance, not by an American engine builder. What the American wanted was to sell engines, and at one time in the negotiations, according to Mr. McNab's statement, and more particularly found in correspondence and cablegrams which are in the file containing the full record of the negotiations, the prospects for an engine contract were bright.\n\n[You can easily read a bit more how they tried to achieve that here in the source, if you don't mind a longer reading](https://landships.activeboard.com/t64537135/a-bit-more-on-the-land-cruiseralligator/)\n\nThat's it for today, hope this can help bring this rare tank more on the lights of the internet.",
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      "body": "Any World of Tanks player, either a newbie or an experienced tanker knows when you will meet God in mere seconds, like on this scenario: \n\n\n![TwoT95.gif](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPTQRLbiyyGtq7cJ8hhcG2jd1uPt1J44AbWS14haZi2rJ/vDC176T.jpg)\n[source](http://forum.worldoftanks.com/index.php?/topic/342369-t95-just-when-you-thought-it-was-safe-to-tackle-himmelsdorfs-tank-alley/)\n\nThen out of curiosity you start to analyze what you did wrong, or if the tank could actually pull that off. You get a bit too curious and start checking deeper on the internet and...   you get all around the place: There's a T28 that looks exactly like the T95, there's **another** T28 in the game. Doesn't helps there's also _OTHER_ T95 in real life, that isn't in the game...   for better or worse. Probably for the better to avoid even more confusion.\n\n![T95medium.jpg](https://external-preview.redd.it/kizUL6P_6ROmxdGhao16SSjZEduR-8tECdDKbfyEry0.jpg?auto=webp&s=eff5661534f6997f48ea37cdd3d0693f8c09ca88)\n[source and a little extra explaining *this* T95...  but not our main topic for today](https://www.reddit.com/r/TankPorn/comments/3j9b26/prototype_us_t95_medium_tank_933_593/)\n\n\n# So why the T95 has TWO designations? \n\n\n\nLong story short, the US Army Ordnance Department, the office responsible to name and standarize things, never fully reached an unanimous consensus on *what* exactly is this tank, specially since the US never had any kind of a superheavy tank in the past: Is it a **tank**? As in, a conventional tank with gun, turret, and mobility? Is it a **gun mobile carrier**?  as it handles a huge, artillery-like gun barrel? Is it a **tank destroyer**? to have a more passive role? After all, a *breakthrough* tank was not exactly a class you could pin  out exactly. A confusion anyone would take was rolling on the Ordnance office for too long.\n\nOnce the M6 project was fully deemed obsolete, even with the M6A2E1 rejected, in March 1944 the Army requested 5 vehicles, **designated T28**, with a 12 inch protection in the front (305 mm). The estimated combat weight of the vehicle was projected to be *95 tons*. (Our first designation with the T28 comes here)\n\nOn 7 February 1945, a memo from the Chief of Ordnance requested that the T28 to be redesigned as \"105mm Gun Motor Carriage T95\" because  the cannon was not turret mounted and because of the limited secondary armament, with the change officially recognized on 8 March 1945 on the OCM 26898. (Here is the first confusion. I mean first switch, to T95)\n\n![T95towing.jpg](https://worldoftanks.com/dcont/fb/image/t95towing.jpg)\n[source. Notice the date, Feb 1946](https://worldoftanks.com/en/news/chieftain/T28_and_T95/)\n\n\nFast forwarding to 1946, the Ordnance started to get headaches because the heavily armed and armored T95 did not quite fit any of the usual categories for US Army fighting vehicles. For example, a *tank*, a conventional tank, was expected to carry their armament (gun barrel) in fully rotating turrets; and self-propelled guns (Gun Motor Carriage) usually were lightly armored to achieve maximum mobility. The T95 did not meet either of those criteria and in June 1946 *another* name change, effected almost inmediately with OCM 30758 redesignating the vehicle as \"Superheavy Tank T28\", considered that the combination of heavy firepower and heavy armor was more appropriate for a tank than a gun motor carriage.\n\n![T95lsta.jpg](https://worldoftanks.com/dcont/fb/imagesforarticles/chieftains_hatch/randompics/t28lsta.jpg)\n[source. Notice the date, May 1948](https://worldoftanks.com/en/news/chieftain/T28_and_T95/)\n\n\nSo yes, it really depends how do you see the tank: Is it a heavy breakthrough tank? Or is it an artillery piece? Ordnance Dept. finally settled in the former so the T95 is actually the T28. But that brings another question:\n\n# What *exactly* is the Tier 8 then? The T28\n\nThe_Chieftain, the US Tank expert working for Wargaming said it himself:\n\n> Well, put frankly, we made it up. [...] So, we had to fill in the gap a bit with a little creative license/speculation.\n[source](https://worldoftanks.com/en/news/chieftain/T28_and_T95/)\n\nIn the source he explains they were a bit creative trying to reverse engineer the T95 with outdated technologies, for example the Vertical Volute Spring Suspension (VVSS) which was widely used on the first Shermans, but starting with the M4A3E8 \"Easy Eight\", they began replacing the shermans with a Horstmann suspension, called \"Horizontal Volute Spring Suspension\" (HVSS) on the US Army.\n\n\n![IMG_20201202_113656800.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmUC1wEXXXYabfBtsXTwp4rtZSjRVQT2SVoHgYuqgFWaDG/IMG_20201202_113656800.jpg)\n\n![t28wot.jpg](https://worldoftanks.com/dcont/fb/image/t28wot.jpg)\n\n\n![suspen.gif](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmasxhXVyzPV2c1tBj3sd9WyqYc5iYeoYp1LpoYAN29E5g/suspen.gif)\n[Source of VVSS ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_volute_spring_suspension#/media/File:M32-ARV-VVSS-latrun-6.jpg)[Source of HVSS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horstmann_suspension#/media/File:M51-Isherman-latrun-5.jpg)\n\n\nThe T28 in game as of 2020 has received a few upgrades, along with an HVSS suspension very similar to the T95. One might be confused once more, but you can still see the differences if you see both tanks with an Aerial view, seeing enough differences to say the T28 is not just the T95 without the external tracks, specially on the engine deck with the internal fuel tanks of the in-game T28 vs the external ones of the T95.\n\n\n![IMG_20201202_113723479.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmV19oDEeoy9hsZhapyKQ393CR8s7bT3ecYdtoTV89omPP/IMG_20201202_113723479.jpg)\n*note the images are not exactly on scale to each other*\n\n***\n\nFurther sources: R.P. Hunnicutt's \"Firepower\"",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"history\",\"tank\",\"tanks\",\"wargaming\",\"us\"],\"image\":[\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPTQRLbiyyGtq7cJ8hhcG2jd1uPt1J44AbWS14haZi2rJ/vDC176T.jpg\",\"https://external-preview.redd.it/kizUL6P_6ROmxdGhao16SSjZEduR-8tECdDKbfyEry0.jpg?auto=webp&s=eff5661534f6997f48ea37cdd3d0693f8c09ca88\",\"https://worldoftanks.com/dcont/fb/image/t95towing.jpg\",\"https://worldoftanks.com/dcont/fb/imagesforarticles/chieftains_hatch/randompics/t28lsta.jpg\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmUC1wEXXXYabfBtsXTwp4rtZSjRVQT2SVoHgYuqgFWaDG/IMG_20201202_113656800.jpg\",\"https://worldoftanks.com/dcont/fb/image/t28wot.jpg\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmasxhXVyzPV2c1tBj3sd9WyqYc5iYeoYp1LpoYAN29E5g/suspen.gif\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmV19oDEeoy9hsZhapyKQ393CR8s7bT3ecYdtoTV89omPP/IMG_20201202_113723479.jpg\"],\"links\":[\"http://forum.worldoftanks.com/index.php?/topic/342369-t95-just-when-you-thought-it-was-safe-to-tackle-himmelsdorfs-tank-alley/\",\"https://www.reddit.com/r/TankPorn/comments/3j9b26/prototype_us_t95_medium_tank_933_593/\",\"https://worldoftanks.com/en/news/chieftain/T28_and_T95/\",\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_volute_spring_suspension#/media/File:M32-ARV-VVSS-latrun-6.jpg\",\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horstmann_suspension#/media/File:M51-Isherman-latrun-5.jpg\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.2\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}",
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      "body": "Sometimes one can think a simple videogame does not influences in life, but as in books and films, sometimes videogames have an influence so big it's hard to ignore. In this case the 'BatChat', a prototype that never succeeded was thrashed in the back of a museum away from the public with a lot of rust...    until not so long ago when the museum in charge decided to restore it, after so many visitors walked out of Saumur in dissapointment that their favourite tank was not there. To understand it's tragic story, we need to have a look on each stage of the tank:\n\n***\n\n# Background\n\nSince WWI France knew the tank was a very important asset in the army, and despite having no ongoing research on WWII, they managed to caught up once they settled with the inception of many innovatives and even strange inventions added to their tanks, looking very weird even nowadays and yet they were highly functional and succesful. An example of such innovative designs was the AMX 13, a light tank designed for reconnaisance and air transportation for the paratrooper division. With an unusual oscillating turret it was a huge success that was exported to more than 30 countries for several reasons: Lightweight, compact, cheap, and a new autoloading system. \n\n![amx131.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmZYnU1kKpDetA1FNPy2mqXS7iiwMFDmhFwJZyg31DZnT5/amx131.jpg)\n###### AMX 13 75, first of the series.\n\n\nThe AMX 13's selling point was also it's biggest drawback: size. 75mm was enough for lightly armored opponents but a 90mm cannon was the norm to properly fight against enemy tanks. Current technology did not allowed the 13 to carry a bigger gun (The AMX 13 90 entered in 1966, and the AMX 13 105 much, **much** later). With the uncertainty of a russian attack, the race of a new platform able to carry a 90mm gun has just begun, and many designers went with the same AMX 13's succesful formula on this race.\n\n***\n\n# Design & creation\n\n\nIn 1954 the Batignolles-Chatillon company extrapolated the same AMX 13 design to make a 25 ton tank (double the weight) to have a 90mm platform the French Army so much needed. The tank passed all the tests with an exceptional mobility in bad terrain. However the NATO made an agreement with all the involved countries that a standarization of military gear should be made for easier logistics, and it affected a lot of french inventions. On top of that an oscillating turret was impossible to insulate against radiation in case a nuclear attack happened, making all projects that had an oscillating turret to be abandoned, including the AMX 50 heavy tank. Only 2 prototypes of the BatChat 25T were produced before it's cancellation.\n\n![batchat1.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmSvpoVLLqkkUtXgeaLCjqRSDhstpeTyYSvfJB5jD79FoY/batchat1.jpg)\n###### Batchat in tests\n\n![batchat2.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmQkFEzkUwm4ht3CsX1cqJhs1E21Nn2x71eBDXV68j53ZZ/batchat2.jpg)\n###### Last photo taken in the Musee des Blindes when the BatChat was public, aprox. ~15 years ago.\n\n***\n\n# Forgotten wear\n\nUntil not so long ago the BatChat was in an area restricted to the public, with the only known surviving prototype in the museum's backroom for obvious reasons: It's useless to maintain a forgotten project nobody cares about, specially with the museum's short budget to upkeep so many historical tanks on good condition (After all the only working Tiger II in the entire world is arguably more important, which is on this museum too). Only people with special permissions could enter the backroom to check on the rotting BatChat's conditions, like one World of Tanks player managed to get through and take some *recent* pictures of the tank a couple of years ago. \n\n![batchat 5.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmZKiB7oZ3Yk2Z4LgVKG3NSQZtxsYHgs8iLJw1Br9fpnL2/batchat%205.jpg)\n\n![batchat44.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmb66w8p2LfA8xuETeDUCReFTadWBX73S37GLtTgu75ETZ/batchat44.jpg)\n\n***\n\n# World of Tanks\n\n\nWorld of Tanks (WoT) is a massively multiplayer online game developed by the Belarusian-Cypriot company Wargaming, featuring mid-20th century (1930s-1960s) era combat vehicles. It is built upon a freemium business model where the game is free-to-play, but participants also have the option of paying a fee for use of \"premium\" features. The focus is on player vs. player gameplay with each player controlling an armored vehicle, which may be a light, medium or heavy tank, tank destroyer, or self-propelled gun. These vehicle classes helps give each tank an unique role that worked as a 'Rock, Paper, Scissors' kind of thing.\n\nIn-game, the BatChat is a medium tank that plays like a light, and it is arguably the best scout/reconnaisance Tier X tank (highest obtainable level that you can get in the tech tree) offered in the game since it's inception in 2012 with the 0.7.1 patch. With it's highly competitive high risk/high reward playstyle and important role in-game, it created an affection for the game playerbase (both love and hate) to finally meet the real thing outside of the screen pixels. \n\n***\n\n# Restoration and actual condition\n\n\nBefore World of Tanks the existence of the BatChat was very unknown, mostly just spoken by historians. Since it's inception in 2012 the game gave the Museum in Saumur a peer pressure to release and show the only surviving BatChat that more people knew thanks to the videogame. There was never an official statement about the BatChat's condition and insights, which only brought dissapointment for a lot of the most recent museum visitors.\n\nHowever without any warning in the middle of 2016, the museum made a special section for the most requested tanks thanks to WoT, with the legendary BatChat right in the middle and totally restored *externally*. Unfortunately the museum released an official statement that the original engine was lost beyond repair, and they refused to mount a modern engine 'to keep historical accuracy'.\n\n![batchat6.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmUm3d1XSW3Y1GRQ17bJ99mPJA7PVJPhMNARCu9uYvCeLZ/batchat6.jpg)\n\n![batchatfull.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmZFBtzMVVcWJESPAbfbei7mRZnhZFSZyDy1Za89y1HtDN/batchatfull.jpg)\n###### BatChat nowadays. AMX 13 on the left, and the AMX ELC on the right.\n\n***\n\nIt's very wholesome to know an important game icon finally got a happy ending it truly deserved\n\n\n**Sources:**\n- https://www.chars-francais.net/2015/index.php/engins-blindes/chars?task=view&id=711\n- http://ftr.wot-news.com/2014/04/05/batchat-25t-rl-photos/\n- http://ftr.wot-news.com/2016/06/26/restored-batchat-25t/",
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