VOTING POWER100.00%
DOWNVOTE POWER100.00%
RESOURCE CREDITS100.00%
REPUTATION PROGRESS51.15%
Net Worth
0.011USD
STEEM
0.055STEEM
SBD
0.001SBD
Effective Power
5.008SP
├── Own SP
0.125SP
└── Incoming DelegationsDeleg
+4.883SP
Detailed Balance
| STEEM | ||
| balance | 0.001STEEM | STEEM |
| market_balance | 0.000STEEM | STEEM |
| savings_balance | 0.000STEEM | STEEM |
| reward_steem_balance | 0.054STEEM | STEEM |
| STEEM POWER | ||
| Own SP | 0.125SP | SP |
| Delegated Out | 0.000SP | SP |
| Delegation In | 4.883SP | SP |
| Effective Power | 5.008SP | SP |
| Reward SP (pending) | 0.055SP | SP |
| SBD | ||
| sbd_balance | 0.001SBD | SBD |
| sbd_conversions | 0.000SBD | SBD |
| sbd_market_balance | 0.000SBD | SBD |
| savings_sbd_balance | 0.000SBD | SBD |
| reward_sbd_balance | 0.000SBD | SBD |
{
"balance": "0.001 STEEM",
"savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"reward_steem_balance": "0.054 STEEM",
"vesting_shares": "203.241810 VESTS",
"delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
"received_vesting_shares": "7940.417996 VESTS",
"sbd_balance": "0.001 SBD",
"savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"conversions": []
}Account Info
| name | thekausar |
| id | 1037720 |
| rank | 318,048 |
| reputation | 4096251160 |
| created | 2018-06-08T15:59:27 |
| recovery_account | steem |
| proxy | None |
| post_count | 25 |
| comment_count | 0 |
| lifetime_vote_count | 0 |
| witnesses_voted_for | 0 |
| last_post | 2019-12-24T03:46:27 |
| last_root_post | 2019-12-24T03:46:27 |
| last_vote_time | 2019-12-24T10:26:36 |
| proxied_vsf_votes | 0, 0, 0, 0 |
| can_vote | 1 |
| voting_power | 0 |
| delayed_votes | 0 |
| balance | 0.001 STEEM |
| savings_balance | 0.000 STEEM |
| sbd_balance | 0.001 SBD |
| savings_sbd_balance | 0.000 SBD |
| vesting_shares | 203.241810 VESTS |
| delegated_vesting_shares | 0.000000 VESTS |
| received_vesting_shares | 7940.417996 VESTS |
| reward_vesting_balance | 108.212506 VESTS |
| vesting_balance | 0.000 STEEM |
| vesting_withdraw_rate | 0.000000 VESTS |
| next_vesting_withdrawal | 1969-12-31T23:59:59 |
| withdrawn | 0 |
| to_withdraw | 0 |
| withdraw_routes | 0 |
| savings_withdraw_requests | 0 |
| last_account_recovery | 1970-01-01T00:00:00 |
| reset_account | null |
| last_owner_update | 1970-01-01T00:00:00 |
| last_account_update | 2018-06-11T00:25:12 |
| mined | No |
| sbd_seconds | 0 |
| sbd_last_interest_payment | 1970-01-01T00:00:00 |
| savings_sbd_last_interest_payment | 1970-01-01T00:00:00 |
{
"id": 1037720,
"name": "thekausar",
"owner": {
"weight_threshold": 1,
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM63S2UAc8jHETLHHjpjaE6dZkBSXkaSTdixeReotKGQqb8EsLFk",
1
]
]
},
"active": {
"weight_threshold": 1,
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM5F566fJJZRTak6NTTZ9wwotfGjvZApikeaDGf2zv1tQbRMZiCh",
1
]
]
},
"posting": {
"weight_threshold": 1,
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM5cYsb59v1aZuwHCyQrn5gKrNPwYeFzm1YUpvYKW7mAPNVsMoTG",
1
]
]
},
"memo_key": "STM8AP7TmpkdU3Wg68pH5sQPPgzEDBG4tLLhcewumMr78mPWPRQST",
"json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"cover_image\":\"https://img.esteem.ws/7jg8yl8n7y.jpg\",\"profile_image\":\"https://img.esteem.ws/3ropr6999g.jpg\",\"location\":\"aceh, indonesia\",\"name\":\"Kalkausar\",\"website\":\"https://habadariaceh.blogspot.com/?m=1\",\"about\":\"News\"}}",
"posting_json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"cover_image\":\"https://img.esteem.ws/7jg8yl8n7y.jpg\",\"profile_image\":\"https://img.esteem.ws/3ropr6999g.jpg\",\"location\":\"aceh, indonesia\",\"name\":\"Kalkausar\",\"website\":\"https://habadariaceh.blogspot.com/?m=1\",\"about\":\"News\"}}",
"proxy": "",
"last_owner_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"last_account_update": "2018-06-11T00:25:12",
"created": "2018-06-08T15:59:27",
"mined": false,
"recovery_account": "steem",
"last_account_recovery": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"reset_account": "null",
"comment_count": 0,
"lifetime_vote_count": 0,
"post_count": 25,
"can_vote": true,
"voting_manabar": {
"current_mana": "8143659806",
"last_update_time": 1779088974
},
"downvote_manabar": {
"current_mana": 2035914951,
"last_update_time": 1779088974
},
"voting_power": 0,
"balance": "0.001 STEEM",
"savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"sbd_balance": "0.001 SBD",
"sbd_seconds": "0",
"sbd_seconds_last_update": "2018-06-08T16:33:18",
"sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"savings_sbd_seconds": "0",
"savings_sbd_seconds_last_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"savings_sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"savings_withdraw_requests": 0,
"reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"reward_steem_balance": "0.054 STEEM",
"reward_vesting_balance": "108.212506 VESTS",
"reward_vesting_steem": "0.055 STEEM",
"vesting_shares": "203.241810 VESTS",
"delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
"received_vesting_shares": "7940.417996 VESTS",
"vesting_withdraw_rate": "0.000000 VESTS",
"next_vesting_withdrawal": "1969-12-31T23:59:59",
"withdrawn": 0,
"to_withdraw": 0,
"withdraw_routes": 0,
"curation_rewards": 0,
"posting_rewards": 109,
"proxied_vsf_votes": [
0,
0,
0,
0
],
"witnesses_voted_for": 0,
"last_post": "2019-12-24T03:46:27",
"last_root_post": "2019-12-24T03:46:27",
"last_vote_time": "2019-12-24T10:26:36",
"post_bandwidth": 0,
"pending_claimed_accounts": 0,
"vesting_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"reputation": 4096251160,
"transfer_history": [],
"market_history": [],
"post_history": [],
"vote_history": [],
"other_history": [],
"witness_votes": [],
"tags_usage": [],
"guest_bloggers": [],
"rank": 318048
}Withdraw Routes
| Incoming | Outgoing |
|---|---|
Empty | Empty |
{
"incoming": [],
"outgoing": []
}From Date
To Date
steemdelegated 4.883 SP to @thekausar2026/05/18 07:22:54
steemdelegated 4.883 SP to @thekausar
2026/05/18 07:22:54
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | thekausar |
| vesting shares | 7940.417996 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #106151968/Trx 5cbecf6ee42651922120c6ed456a0e6d94a72480 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "5cbecf6ee42651922120c6ed456a0e6d94a72480",
"block": 106151968,
"trx_in_block": 0,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2026-05-18T07:22:54",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "thekausar",
"vesting_shares": "7940.417996 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 3.215 SP to @thekausar2026/05/13 08:47:03
steemdelegated 3.215 SP to @thekausar
2026/05/13 08:47:03
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | thekausar |
| vesting shares | 5228.207591 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #106010363/Trx 81f657af11e22c10d2181ba2225e184957f74d71 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "81f657af11e22c10d2181ba2225e184957f74d71",
"block": 106010363,
"trx_in_block": 0,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2026-05-13T08:47:03",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "thekausar",
"vesting_shares": "5228.207591 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 4.890 SP to @thekausar2026/04/26 06:33:18
steemdelegated 4.890 SP to @thekausar
2026/04/26 06:33:18
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | thekausar |
| vesting shares | 7952.933752 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #105519424/Trx c1fe34704654e8bbc30cddce4c1840a942e64dca |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "c1fe34704654e8bbc30cddce4c1840a942e64dca",
"block": 105519424,
"trx_in_block": 0,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2026-04-26T06:33:18",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "thekausar",
"vesting_shares": "7952.933752 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 3.240 SP to @thekausar2026/01/24 02:58:57
steemdelegated 3.240 SP to @thekausar
2026/01/24 02:58:57
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | thekausar |
| vesting shares | 5269.754410 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #102874780/Trx fab33c7029b837526b1d809295d5b4e6598d7b75 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "fab33c7029b837526b1d809295d5b4e6598d7b75",
"block": 102874780,
"trx_in_block": 2,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2026-01-24T02:58:57",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "thekausar",
"vesting_shares": "5269.754410 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 3.341 SP to @thekausar2024/12/17 22:07:36
steemdelegated 3.341 SP to @thekausar
2024/12/17 22:07:36
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | thekausar |
| vesting shares | 5433.973607 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #91320974/Trx 79d06d6e2cf72aed05112ffb2ea33e86741328e6 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "79d06d6e2cf72aed05112ffb2ea33e86741328e6",
"block": 91320974,
"trx_in_block": 3,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2024-12-17T22:07:36",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "thekausar",
"vesting_shares": "5433.973607 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 3.445 SP to @thekausar2023/11/14 13:46:42
steemdelegated 3.445 SP to @thekausar
2023/11/14 13:46:42
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | thekausar |
| vesting shares | 5603.107139 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #79875074/Trx 0a8998a1f1d8ca58c4f67c16f6d6b3adf31b5a61 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "0a8998a1f1d8ca58c4f67c16f6d6b3adf31b5a61",
"block": 79875074,
"trx_in_block": 5,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2023-11-14T13:46:42",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "thekausar",
"vesting_shares": "5603.107139 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 5.251 SP to @thekausar2023/09/22 11:41:03
steemdelegated 5.251 SP to @thekausar
2023/09/22 11:41:03
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | thekausar |
| vesting shares | 8540.015925 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #78364411/Trx 220214c646ba23dfe64ebaeda3ba187dbf57fcf6 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "220214c646ba23dfe64ebaeda3ba187dbf57fcf6",
"block": 78364411,
"trx_in_block": 8,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2023-09-22T11:41:03",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "thekausar",
"vesting_shares": "8540.015925 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 5.388 SP to @thekausar2022/11/03 18:59:39
steemdelegated 5.388 SP to @thekausar
2022/11/03 18:59:39
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | thekausar |
| vesting shares | 8762.067363 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #69121967/Trx 4608ad78fc16f28c044a6c40301e79788867140e |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "4608ad78fc16f28c044a6c40301e79788867140e",
"block": 69121967,
"trx_in_block": 3,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2022-11-03T18:59:39",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "thekausar",
"vesting_shares": "8762.067363 VESTS"
}
]
}ph-supportsent 0.001 STEEM to @thekausar2022/08/17 15:34:48
ph-supportsent 0.001 STEEM to @thekausar
2022/08/17 15:34:48
| from | ph-support |
| to | thekausar |
| amount | 0.001 STEEM |
| memo | |
| Transaction Info | Block #66885420/Trx 74d5ad8d64dee301bcdbb86167feb53f9c9dba86 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "74d5ad8d64dee301bcdbb86167feb53f9c9dba86",
"block": 66885420,
"trx_in_block": 2,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2022-08-17T15:34:48",
"op": [
"transfer",
{
"from": "ph-support",
"to": "thekausar",
"amount": "0.001 STEEM",
"memo": ""
}
]
}steemdelegated 5.523 SP to @thekausar2022/01/18 00:04:54
steemdelegated 5.523 SP to @thekausar
2022/01/18 00:04:54
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | thekausar |
| vesting shares | 8982.174964 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #60825086/Trx 5b7c5c04ba23ae723c3c787722ed32c502871c95 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "5b7c5c04ba23ae723c3c787722ed32c502871c95",
"block": 60825086,
"trx_in_block": 21,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2022-01-18T00:04:54",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "thekausar",
"vesting_shares": "8982.174964 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 5.636 SP to @thekausar2021/06/14 07:13:03
steemdelegated 5.636 SP to @thekausar
2021/06/14 07:13:03
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | thekausar |
| vesting shares | 9166.369252 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #54615350/Trx a7c4354f812814f533a75eab4e60c2c13482d74c |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "a7c4354f812814f533a75eab4e60c2c13482d74c",
"block": 54615350,
"trx_in_block": 10,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2021-06-14T07:13:03",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "thekausar",
"vesting_shares": "9166.369252 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 5.752 SP to @thekausar2020/12/11 17:24:21
steemdelegated 5.752 SP to @thekausar
2020/12/11 17:24:21
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | thekausar |
| vesting shares | 9353.791226 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #49362583/Trx d2d70ff639e3b4485400e62d505ef9f33339bc98 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "d2d70ff639e3b4485400e62d505ef9f33339bc98",
"block": 49362583,
"trx_in_block": 4,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-12-11T17:24:21",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "thekausar",
"vesting_shares": "9353.791226 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 1.176 SP to @thekausar2020/12/06 10:59:36
steemdelegated 1.176 SP to @thekausar
2020/12/06 10:59:36
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | thekausar |
| vesting shares | 1912.543513 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #49214093/Trx 38eb562e01f16870ee0a2f367ce5d2f180791e0c |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "38eb562e01f16870ee0a2f367ce5d2f180791e0c",
"block": 49214093,
"trx_in_block": 3,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-12-06T10:59:36",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "thekausar",
"vesting_shares": "1912.543513 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 5.756 SP to @thekausar2020/12/05 21:02:12
steemdelegated 5.756 SP to @thekausar
2020/12/05 21:02:12
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | thekausar |
| vesting shares | 9359.999080 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #49197666/Trx 13b444e685f31f9c17603d430d6c0dea65796c9c |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "13b444e685f31f9c17603d430d6c0dea65796c9c",
"block": 49197666,
"trx_in_block": 2,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-12-05T21:02:12",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "thekausar",
"vesting_shares": "9359.999080 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 1.181 SP to @thekausar2020/11/03 04:41:00
steemdelegated 1.181 SP to @thekausar
2020/11/03 04:41:00
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | thekausar |
| vesting shares | 1920.017158 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #48273158/Trx 24735cd3475a9d19a8c324d458623ea4aaca43d3 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "24735cd3475a9d19a8c324d458623ea4aaca43d3",
"block": 48273158,
"trx_in_block": 0,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-11-03T04:41:00",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "thekausar",
"vesting_shares": "1920.017158 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 5.880 SP to @thekausar2020/05/09 12:03:45
steemdelegated 5.880 SP to @thekausar
2020/05/09 12:03:45
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | thekausar |
| vesting shares | 9562.804439 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #43224442/Trx 308e521a9341ddb3c01f64f52df88c54a0eec2ae |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "308e521a9341ddb3c01f64f52df88c54a0eec2ae",
"block": 43224442,
"trx_in_block": 0,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-05-09T12:03:45",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "thekausar",
"vesting_shares": "9562.804439 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 1.201 SP to @thekausar2020/05/08 16:36:39
steemdelegated 1.201 SP to @thekausar
2020/05/08 16:36:39
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | thekausar |
| vesting shares | 1953.311140 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #43201652/Trx b48ee0477279a5cc1c0ea801608b409e49027750 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "b48ee0477279a5cc1c0ea801608b409e49027750",
"block": 43201652,
"trx_in_block": 0,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-05-08T16:36:39",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "thekausar",
"vesting_shares": "1953.311140 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 5.895 SP to @thekausar2020/03/24 11:30:51
steemdelegated 5.895 SP to @thekausar
2020/03/24 11:30:51
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | thekausar |
| vesting shares | 9587.065050 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #41929095/Trx 70f4ee59cf9350461202d623a0702acacd12b9fd |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "70f4ee59cf9350461202d623a0702acacd12b9fd",
"block": 41929095,
"trx_in_block": 12,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-03-24T11:30:51",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "thekausar",
"vesting_shares": "9587.065050 VESTS"
}
]
}thekausarreceived 0.054 STEEM, 0.067 SP author reward for @thekausar / safinalia-santri-berprestasi-dari-dayah-terpadu-inshafuddin-banda-aceh2019/12/31 03:46:27
thekausarreceived 0.054 STEEM, 0.067 SP author reward for @thekausar / safinalia-santri-berprestasi-dari-dayah-terpadu-inshafuddin-banda-aceh
2019/12/31 03:46:27
| author | thekausar |
| permlink | safinalia-santri-berprestasi-dari-dayah-terpadu-inshafuddin-banda-aceh |
| sbd payout | 0.000 SBD |
| steem payout | 0.054 STEEM |
| vesting payout | 108.212506 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #39508089/Virtual Operation #3 |
View Raw JSON Data
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}thekausarupvoted (100.00%) @quochuy / steemit-condenser-contributions-3speak-embedded-player-support2019/12/24 10:26:36
thekausarupvoted (100.00%) @quochuy / steemit-condenser-contributions-3speak-embedded-player-support
2019/12/24 10:26:36
| voter | thekausar |
| author | quochuy |
| permlink | steemit-condenser-contributions-3speak-embedded-player-support |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #39314842/Trx 75d8107e43c3d0681c0c771b9b2aeff9fe635a36 |
View Raw JSON Data
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}steemdelegated 18.092 SP to @thekausar2019/12/24 04:40:03
steemdelegated 18.092 SP to @thekausar
2019/12/24 04:40:03
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | thekausar |
| vesting shares | 29422.127677 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #39307925/Trx ac665ebbf6176a8a0a344a77e270252d468e833e |
View Raw JSON Data
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}thekausarupvoted (100.00%) @heyhaveyamet / hey-have-ya-met-introductions-for-monday-december-23-20192019/12/24 03:53:51
thekausarupvoted (100.00%) @heyhaveyamet / hey-have-ya-met-introductions-for-monday-december-23-2019
2019/12/24 03:53:51
| voter | thekausar |
| author | heyhaveyamet |
| permlink | hey-have-ya-met-introductions-for-monday-december-23-2019 |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #39307002/Trx ad0a7cbee287fd172bb5a39955c8728c71408a6d |
View Raw JSON Data
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"weight": 10000
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}2019/12/24 03:51:24
2019/12/24 03:51:24
| voter | thekausar |
| author | thekausar |
| permlink | safinalia-santri-berprestasi-dari-dayah-terpadu-inshafuddin-banda-aceh |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #39306953/Trx 9ae8c13f78ca3c093d3b26f7c165f45197861b99 |
View Raw JSON Data
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}thekausarremoved vote from (0.00%) @thekausar / safinalia-santri-berprestasi-dari-dayah-terpadu-inshafuddin-banda-aceh2019/12/24 03:51:15
thekausarremoved vote from (0.00%) @thekausar / safinalia-santri-berprestasi-dari-dayah-terpadu-inshafuddin-banda-aceh
2019/12/24 03:51:15
| voter | thekausar |
| author | thekausar |
| permlink | safinalia-santri-berprestasi-dari-dayah-terpadu-inshafuddin-banda-aceh |
| weight | 0 (0.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #39306950/Trx 0d3ed4984c92a9e76e9a357f2a86a6193a55d04f |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}2019/12/24 03:50:09
2019/12/24 03:50:09
| voter | statsexpert |
| author | thekausar |
| permlink | safinalia-santri-berprestasi-dari-dayah-terpadu-inshafuddin-banda-aceh |
| weight | 2000 (20.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #39306928/Trx 830d310f316e34376727b9b9a66ca99dfe22ff43 |
View Raw JSON Data
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}2019/12/24 03:49:36
2019/12/24 03:49:36
| voter | thekausar |
| author | thekausar |
| permlink | safinalia-santri-berprestasi-dari-dayah-terpadu-inshafuddin-banda-aceh |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #39306917/Trx 1f98a346e0c88bb5ef119196a9f0e9ec0f006cf2 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}2019/12/24 03:49:27
2019/12/24 03:49:27
| voter | flysky |
| author | thekausar |
| permlink | safinalia-santri-berprestasi-dari-dayah-terpadu-inshafuddin-banda-aceh |
| weight | 500 (5.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #39306914/Trx ce07e11303e8407e282be963c465b09914e329f1 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}2019/12/24 03:46:48
2019/12/24 03:46:48
| parent author | thekausar |
| parent permlink | safinalia-santri-berprestasi-dari-dayah-terpadu-inshafuddin-banda-aceh |
| author | cheetah |
| permlink | cheetah-re-thekausarsafinalia-santri-berprestasi-dari-dayah-terpadu-inshafuddin-banda-aceh |
| title | |
| body | Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in: https://aceh.tribunnews.com/2019/12/23/safinalia-santri-berprestasi-dari-dayah-terpadu-inshafuddin-banda-aceh |
| json metadata | |
| Transaction Info | Block #39306861/Trx 1b9dd1c50ec174a0ace040388a44e85b2bea3693 |
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"body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://aceh.tribunnews.com/2019/12/23/safinalia-santri-berprestasi-dari-dayah-terpadu-inshafuddin-banda-aceh",
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}2019/12/24 03:46:45
2019/12/24 03:46:45
| voter | cheetah |
| author | thekausar |
| permlink | safinalia-santri-berprestasi-dari-dayah-terpadu-inshafuddin-banda-aceh |
| weight | 8 (0.08%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #39306860/Trx ea3d286eb1b46b8d9ff78c73bf7e359259896f59 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}thekausarpublished a new post: safinalia-santri-berprestasi-dari-dayah-terpadu-inshafuddin-banda-aceh2019/12/24 03:46:27
thekausarpublished a new post: safinalia-santri-berprestasi-dari-dayah-terpadu-inshafuddin-banda-aceh
2019/12/24 03:46:27
| parent author | |
| parent permlink | steem |
| author | thekausar |
| permlink | safinalia-santri-berprestasi-dari-dayah-terpadu-inshafuddin-banda-aceh |
| title | Safinalia, Santri Berprestasi dari Dayah Terpadu Inshafuddin Banda Aceh |
| body | <html> <p><img src="https://cdn2.tstatic.net/aceh/foto/bank/images/santri-797.jpg" width="700" height="393"/><br> <br> <strong>BANDA ACEH -</strong> Berprestasi pada usia muda merupakan harapan dan cita-cita semua orang, apalagi masih berstatus pelajar.Impian tersebut menjadi pegangan hidup bagi Safinalia, santri kelas enam Dayah Terpadu Inshafuddin Banda Aceh.<br> </p> <p> Dengan semangat belajar yang dimilikinya, Lia, panggilan Safrinalia telah meraih berbagai prestasi gemilang baik tingkat kota/kabupaten dan provinsi.<br> </p> <p> Dara manis yang lahir di Aceh Timur 3 Mei 2002 ini, adalah putri dari pasangan Usman-Ainul Mardhiah bercita-cita ingin menjadi guru.<br> <img src="https://cdn2.tstatic.net/aceh/foto/bank/images/seni-drama.jpg" width="700" height="393"/><br> <br> “Safinalia adalah santri yang sangat berbakat dan memiliki seni retorika yang bagus, dan dia juga dipercayakan oleh pimpinan dayah untuk membina dan melatih adik-adik kelasnya," ujar ustaz Nasrul Zahidy yang juga menjadi pembimbing Safinalia dalam setiap event perlombaan kepada Serambinews.com, Senin (23/12/2019).<br> </p> <p> Sementara itu, menurut guru Pendidikan Agama Islam pada SMA Dayah Terpadu Inshafuddin Jufri Aswad SAg saat iniSafinalia duduk di kelas XII IPS dan juga merupakan siswa yang berprestasi di kelasnya.<br> </p> <p><img src="https://cdn2.tstatic.net/aceh/foto/bank/images/dubes-as-kunjungi-dayah-inshafuddin_20170425_230825.jpg" width="700" height="393"/><br> <br> "Safinalia juga pernah dipercayakan untuk melatih duta SMA Inshafuddin pada Pentas PAI tingkat Kota Banda Aceh, dan memperoleh juara pertama atas nama Syauqi Rahmatillah," ujarnya.Menurut Jufri Aswad anak didiknya Safinalia berpesan kepada teman-teman yang masih pelajar agar mempergunakan waktu sebaik-baiknya untuk belajar sehingga dapat meraih berbagai prestasi.(*)<br> <br> * Peserta POSPENAS Jawa Barat tahun 2009* Peserta terbaik 1 POSPEDA Aceh Cabang Pidato Putri tahun 2009* Juara 1 MQK Cabang Pidato Putri Tingkat Provinsi Aceh Tahun 2019<br> </p> <p> * Juara 2 Pidato Kependudukan BKKBN Provinsi Aceh Tahun 2018* Juara 3 Pentas PAI Cabang Pidato Tahun 2016, Juara 2 Cipta Puisi se-Kota Banda Aceh Tahun 2018* Juara 3 Surat Cinta untuk Palestina se-Kota Banda Aceh-aceh Besar Tahun 2018* Tiga Puluh Besar Karya tulis Essay Tingkat Nasional Tahun 2017<br> </p> <p>Source:<a href="https://steemit.com/submit.html">serambinews.com</a> <a href="https://aceh.tribunnews.com/2019/12/23/safinalia-santri-berprestasi-dari-dayah-terpadu-inshafuddin-banda-aceh?page=2">https://aceh.tribunnews.com/2019/12/23/safinalia-santri-berprestasi-dari-dayah-terpadu-inshafuddin-banda-aceh?page=2</a>.<br> </p> </html> |
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| Transaction Info | Block #39306854/Trx 1e25dcd5476a924dd33f1df68fcbbe2c14c425ae |
View Raw JSON Data
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"title": "Safinalia, Santri Berprestasi dari Dayah Terpadu Inshafuddin Banda Aceh",
"body": "<html>\n<p><img src=\"https://cdn2.tstatic.net/aceh/foto/bank/images/santri-797.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"393\"/><br>\n<br>\n <strong>BANDA ACEH -</strong> Berprestasi pada usia muda merupakan harapan dan cita-cita semua orang, apalagi masih berstatus pelajar.Impian tersebut menjadi pegangan hidup bagi Safinalia, santri kelas enam Dayah Terpadu Inshafuddin Banda Aceh.<br>\n</p>\n<p> Dengan semangat belajar yang dimilikinya, Lia, panggilan Safrinalia telah meraih berbagai prestasi gemilang baik tingkat kota/kabupaten dan provinsi.<br>\n</p>\n<p> Dara manis yang lahir di Aceh Timur 3 Mei 2002 ini, adalah putri dari pasangan Usman-Ainul Mardhiah bercita-cita ingin menjadi guru.<br>\n<img src=\"https://cdn2.tstatic.net/aceh/foto/bank/images/seni-drama.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"393\"/><br>\n<br>\n “Safinalia adalah santri yang sangat berbakat dan memiliki seni retorika yang bagus, dan dia juga dipercayakan oleh pimpinan dayah untuk membina dan melatih adik-adik kelasnya,\" ujar ustaz Nasrul Zahidy yang juga menjadi pembimbing Safinalia dalam setiap event perlombaan kepada Serambinews.com, Senin (23/12/2019).<br>\n</p>\n<p> Sementara itu, menurut guru Pendidikan Agama Islam pada SMA Dayah Terpadu Inshafuddin Jufri Aswad SAg saat iniSafinalia duduk di kelas XII IPS dan juga merupakan siswa yang berprestasi di kelasnya.<br>\n</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://cdn2.tstatic.net/aceh/foto/bank/images/dubes-as-kunjungi-dayah-inshafuddin_20170425_230825.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"393\"/><br>\n<br>\n \"Safinalia juga pernah dipercayakan untuk melatih duta SMA Inshafuddin pada Pentas PAI tingkat Kota Banda Aceh, dan memperoleh juara pertama atas nama Syauqi Rahmatillah,\" ujarnya.Menurut Jufri Aswad anak didiknya Safinalia berpesan kepada teman-teman yang masih pelajar agar mempergunakan waktu sebaik-baiknya untuk belajar sehingga dapat meraih berbagai prestasi.(*)<br>\n<br>\n * Peserta POSPENAS Jawa Barat tahun 2009* Peserta terbaik 1 POSPEDA Aceh Cabang Pidato Putri tahun 2009* Juara 1 MQK Cabang Pidato Putri Tingkat Provinsi Aceh Tahun 2019<br>\n</p>\n<p> * Juara 2 Pidato Kependudukan BKKBN Provinsi Aceh Tahun 2018* Juara 3 Pentas PAI Cabang Pidato Tahun 2016, Juara 2 Cipta Puisi se-Kota Banda Aceh Tahun 2018* Juara 3 Surat Cinta untuk Palestina se-Kota Banda Aceh-aceh Besar Tahun 2018* Tiga Puluh Besar Karya tulis Essay Tingkat Nasional Tahun 2017<br>\n</p>\n<p>Source:<a href=\"https://steemit.com/submit.html\">serambinews.com</a> <a href=\"https://aceh.tribunnews.com/2019/12/23/safinalia-santri-berprestasi-dari-dayah-terpadu-inshafuddin-banda-aceh?page=2\">https://aceh.tribunnews.com/2019/12/23/safinalia-santri-berprestasi-dari-dayah-terpadu-inshafuddin-banda-aceh?page=2</a>.<br>\n</p>\n</html>",
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}steemdelegated 5.998 SP to @thekausar2019/06/10 22:00:30
steemdelegated 5.998 SP to @thekausar
2019/06/10 22:00:30
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | thekausar |
| vesting shares | 9754.350176 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #33688434/Trx f9f8b68f55c06afc99e45a477d6f41aa010e59c9 |
View Raw JSON Data
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"op": [
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{
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}2019/06/08 16:35:57
2019/06/08 16:35:57
| parent author | thekausar |
| parent permlink | basic-dental-materials |
| author | steemitboard |
| permlink | steemitboard-notify-thekausar-20190608t163556000z |
| title | |
| body | Congratulations @thekausar! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/https://steemitboard.com/@thekausar/birthday1.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 1 year!</td></tr></table> <sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@thekausar) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=thekausar)_</sub> ###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes! |
| json metadata | {"image":["https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png"]} |
| Transaction Info | Block #33624437/Trx 8fc61bda23fa2eab086caef0f65de668bcfdf235 |
View Raw JSON Data
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}filipinoupvoted (10.00%) @thekausar / basic-dental-materials2019/03/11 18:31:33
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}thekausarpublished a new post: basic-dental-materials2019/03/11 17:56:00
thekausarpublished a new post: basic-dental-materials
2019/03/11 17:56:00
| parent author | |
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| title | BASIC DENTAL MATERIALS |
| body |  BASIC DENTAL MATERIALS Third Edition JOHN J MANAPPALLIL MDS ® JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS (P) LTD New Delhi • St Louis (USA) • Panama City (Panama) • London (UK) • Ahmedabad Bengaluru • Chennai • Hyderabad • Kochi • Kolkata • Lucknow • Mumbai • Nagpur Published by Jitendar P Vij Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd Corporate Office 4838/24 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110002, India Phone: +91-11-43574357, Fax: +91-11-43574314 Registered Office B-3 EMCA House, 23/23B Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110 002, India Phones: +91-11-23272143, +91-11-23272703, +91-11-23282021, +91-11-23245672 Rel: +91-11-32558559, Fax: +91-11-23276490, +91-11-23245683 e-mail: [email protected], Website: www.jaypeebrothers.com Offices in India • Ahmedabad, Phone: Rel: +91-79-32988717, e-mail: [email protected] • Bengaluru, Phone: Rel: +91-80-32714073, e-mail: [email protected] • Chennai, Phone: Rel: +91-44-32972089, e-mail: [email protected] • Hyderabad, Phone: Rel:+91-40-32940929, e-mail: [email protected] • Kochi, Phone: +91-484-2395740, e-mail: [email protected] • Kolkata, Phone: +91-33-22276415, e-mail: [email protected] • Lucknow, Phone: +91-522-3040554, e-mail: [email protected] • Mumbai, Phone: Rel: +91-22-32926896, e-mail: [email protected] • Nagpur, Phone: Rel: +91-712-3245220, e-mail: [email protected] Overseas Offices • North America Office, USA, Ph: 001-636-6279734 e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] • Central America Office, Panama City, Panama Ph: 001-507-317-0160, e-mail: [email protected] Website: www.jphmedical.com • Europe Office, UK, Ph: +44 (0) 2031708910 e-mail: [email protected] Basic Dental Materials © 2010, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the author and the publisher. This book has been published in good faith that the material provided by contributors is original. Every effort is made to ensure accuracy of material, but the publisher, printer and author will not be held responsible for any inadvertent error(s). In case of any dispute, all legal matters are to be settled under Delhi jurisdiction only. The author, contributors and the publishers have taken care to keep the information contained in this book accurate up to date. However, medical knowledge is constantly evolving and readers are cautioned to confirm that the information complies with government legislation and standards, especially with regard to drug dosage/usage. First Edition: 1998 Second Edition: 2003 Reprint: 2004, 2007, 2008 Third Edition: 2010 ISBN 978-81-8448-921-7 Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit Printed at Ajanta Offset Dedicated to My Parents Rajashekar Sangur Professor and Head Department of Prosthodontics Rama Dental College-Hospital and Research Center Kanpur, UP, India G Vinaya Kumar Professor Department of Prosthodontics College of Dental Sciences Davengere Karnataka, India Akshay Bhargava Professor and Head Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology ITS, College of Dental Sciences and Research Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, UP, India Contributors Atley George Consultant Prosthodontist 94 Village Greenway Toronto, Canada Preface A successful dentist has to combine technical skills along with clinical knowledge. Dental materials is the backbone of dentistry. Knowledge of dental materials is one of the keys to a successful dental practice. To the beginner, the task may appear formidable because of the wide array of materials available. This is quite normal and fortunately disappears with familiarity. Dental materials does not end with the first year of the graduate training program. It is required throughout the course and subsequently for a successful practice. The popularity of the second edition was encouraging. The feedback helped in improving the current edition. Comments and suggestions may be e-mailed to me at [email protected]—your feedback is valuable. Revising the edition was a huge challenge. Dental materials is a vibrant subject as new products are constantly appearing in the market. The book has been entirely reorganized reflecting these changes. More color illustrations have been added to improve clarity. A few of the materials have been eliminated from the book or just briefly mentioned as they are no longer marketed. Knowledge of the history of dental materials is useful to understand how these materials evolved and why newer materials were developed. Over the past decade, the field of ceramics has seen vast improvements. The chapter on ceramics had to be entirely revamped to reflect the significant advances in technology. Actual values of the various materials have been presented wherever possible. Knowledge of values improve depth of understanding and is useful for making comparisons. However, one must remember that these values are not necessarily absolute, variations can occur between brands and methods of testing. Climatic differences affect properties like working and setting times. Dentists in India are fortunate to have a wide choice of materials. In the past, however, the availability of materials in India was greatly limited, affecting the quality of both education and treatment. The economic liberalization of the late 1980s saw the opening of the market to a range of high quality international products. Some are entirely new products while others are modifications and improvements of existing materials. Dental practitioners should have a good understan |
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No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted\nin any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior\nwritten permission of the author and the publisher.\nThis book has been published in good faith that the material provided by contributors is original. Every\neffort is made to ensure accuracy of material, but the publisher, printer and author will not be held responsible\nfor any inadvertent error(s). In case of any dispute, all legal matters are to be settled under Delhi jurisdiction\nonly.\nThe author, contributors and the publishers have taken care to keep the information contained in this book\naccurate up to date. However, medical knowledge is constantly evolving and readers are cautioned to\nconfirm that the information complies with government legislation and standards, especially with regard to\ndrug dosage/usage.\nFirst Edition: 1998\nSecond Edition: 2003\nReprint: 2004, 2007, 2008\nThird Edition:\n2010\nISBN 978-81-8448-921-7\nTypeset at JPBMP typesetting unit\nPrinted at Ajanta Offset\nDedicated to\nMy Parents\nRajashekar Sangur\nProfessor and Head\nDepartment of Prosthodontics\nRama Dental College-Hospital and Research Center\nKanpur, UP, India\nG Vinaya Kumar\nProfessor\nDepartment of Prosthodontics\nCollege of Dental Sciences\nDavengere\nKarnataka, India\nAkshay Bhargava\nProfessor and Head\nDepartment of Prosthodontics and Implantology\nITS, College of Dental Sciences and Research\nMuradnagar, Ghaziabad, UP, India\nContributors\nAtley George\nConsultant Prosthodontist\n94 Village Greenway\nToronto, Canada\nPreface\nA successful dentist has to combine technical skills along with clinical knowledge.\nDental materials is the backbone of dentistry. Knowledge of dental materials is\none of the keys to a successful dental practice. To the beginner, the task may\nappear formidable because of the wide array of materials available. This is quite\nnormal and fortunately disappears with familiarity. Dental materials does not\nend with the first year of the graduate training program. It is required throughout\nthe course and subsequently for a successful practice. The popularity of the second\nedition was encouraging. The feedback helped in improving the current edition.\nComments and suggestions may be e-mailed to me at [email protected]—your\nfeedback is valuable.\nRevising the edition was a huge challenge. Dental materials is a vibrant subject as\nnew products are constantly appearing in the market. The book has been entirely\nreorganized reflecting these changes. More color illustrations have been added to\nimprove clarity. A few of the materials have been eliminated from the book or just\nbriefly mentioned as they are no longer marketed. Knowledge of the history of\ndental materials is useful to understand how these materials evolved and why\nnewer materials were developed. Over the past decade, the field of ceramics has\nseen vast improvements. The chapter on ceramics had to be entirely revamped to\nreflect the significant advances in technology. Actual values of the various materials\nhave been presented wherever possible. Knowledge of values improve depth of\nunderstanding and is useful for making comparisons. However, one must remember\nthat these values are not necessarily absolute, variations can occur between brands\nand methods of testing. Climatic differences affect properties like working and\nsetting times.\nDentists in India are fortunate to have a wide choice of materials. In the past,\nhowever, the availability of materials in India was greatly limited, affecting the\nquality of both education and treatment. The economic liberalization of the late\n1980s saw the opening of the market to a range of high quality international\nproducts. Some are entirely new products while others are modifications and\nimprovements of existing materials. Dental practitioners should have a good\nunderstan",
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}thekausardeleted a comment or post2019/03/11 17:42:57
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2019/03/11 17:42:57
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}thekausarupdated options for basic-dental-materials2019/03/11 17:41:27
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2019/03/11 17:41:27
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}thekausarpublished a new post: basic-dental-materials2019/03/11 17:41:27
thekausarpublished a new post: basic-dental-materials
2019/03/11 17:41:27
| parent author | |
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| body | BASIC DENTAL MATERIALS BASIC DENTAL MATERIALS Third Edition JOHN J MANAPPALLIL MDS ® JAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS (P) LTD New Delhi • St Louis (USA) • Panama City (Panama) • London (UK) • Ahmedabad Bengaluru • Chennai • Hyderabad • Kochi • Kolkata • Lucknow • Mumbai • Nagpur Published by Jitendar P Vij Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd Corporate Office 4838/24 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110002, India Phone: +91-11-43574357, Fax: +91-11-43574314 Registered Office B-3 EMCA House, 23/23B Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110 002, India Phones: +91-11-23272143, +91-11-23272703, +91-11-23282021, +91-11-23245672 Rel: +91-11-32558559, Fax: +91-11-23276490, +91-11-23245683 e-mail: [email protected], Website: www.jaypeebrothers.com Offices in India • Ahmedabad, Phone: Rel: +91-79-32988717, e-mail: [email protected] • Bengaluru, Phone: Rel: +91-80-32714073, e-mail: [email protected] • Chennai, Phone: Rel: +91-44-32972089, e-mail: [email protected] • Hyderabad, Phone: Rel:+91-40-32940929, e-mail: [email protected] • Kochi, Phone: +91-484-2395740, e-mail: [email protected] • Kolkata, Phone: +91-33-22276415, e-mail: [email protected] • Lucknow, Phone: +91-522-3040554, e-mail: [email protected] • Mumbai, Phone: Rel: +91-22-32926896, e-mail: [email protected] • Nagpur, Phone: Rel: +91-712-3245220, e-mail: [email protected] Overseas Offices • North America Office, USA, Ph: 001-636-6279734 e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] • Central America Office, Panama City, Panama Ph: 001-507-317-0160, e-mail: [email protected] Website: www.jphmedical.com • Europe Office, UK, Ph: +44 (0) 2031708910 e-mail: [email protected] Basic Dental Materials © 2010, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the author and the publisher. This book has been published in good faith that the material provided by contributors is original. Every effort is made to ensure accuracy of material, but the publisher, printer and author will not be held responsible for any inadvertent error(s). In case of any dispute, all legal matters are to be settled under Delhi jurisdiction only. The author, contributors and the publishers have taken care to keep the information contained in this book accurate up to date. However, medical knowledge is constantly evolving and readers are cautioned to confirm that the information complies with government legislation and standards, especially with regard to drug dosage/usage. First Edition: 1998 Second Edition: 2003 Reprint: 2004, 2007, 2008 Third Edition: 2010 ISBN 978-81-8448-921-7 Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit Printed at Ajanta Offset Dedicated to My Parents Rajashekar Sangur Professor and Head Department of Prosthodontics Rama Dental College-Hospital and Research Center Kanpur, UP, India G Vinaya Kumar Professor Department of Prosthodontics College of Dental Sciences Davengere Karnataka, India Akshay Bhargava Professor and Head Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology ITS, College of Dental Sciences and Research Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, UP, India Contributors Atley George Consultant Prosthodontist 94 Village Greenway Toronto, Canada Preface A successful dentist has to combine technical skills along with clinical knowledge. Dental materials is the backbone of dentistry. Knowledge of dental materials is one of the keys to a successful dental practice. To the beginner, the task may appear formidable because of the wide array of materials available. This is quite normal and fortunately disappears with familiarity. Dental materials does not end with the first year of the graduate training program. It is required throughout the course and subsequently for a successful practice. The popularity of the second edition was encouraging. The feedback helped in improving the current edition. Comments and suggestions may be e-mailed to me at [email protected]—your feedback is valuable. Revising the edition was a huge challenge. Dental materials is a vibrant subject as new products are constantly appearing in the market. The book has been entirely reorganized reflecting these changes. More color illustrations have been added to improve clarity. A few of the materials have been eliminated from the book or just briefly mentioned as they are no longer marketed. Knowledge of the history of dental materials is useful to understand how these materials evolved and why newer materials were developed. Over the past decade, the field of ceramics has seen vast improvements. The chapter on ceramics had to be entirely revamped to reflect the significant advances in technology. Actual values of the various materials have been presented wherever possible. Knowledge of values improve depth of understanding and is useful for making comparisons. However, one must remember that these values are not necessarily absolute, variations can occur between brands and methods of testing. Climatic differences affect properties like working and setting times. Dentists in India are fortunate to have a wide choice of materials. In the past, however, the availability of materials in India was greatly limited, affecting the quality of both education and treatment. The economic liberalization of the late 1980s saw the opening of the market to a range of high quality international products. Some are entirely new products while others are modifications and improvements of existing materials. 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"body": "BASIC DENTAL\nMATERIALS\nBASIC DENTAL\nMATERIALS\nThird Edition\nJOHN J MANAPPALLIL MDS\n®\nJAYPEE BROTHERS MEDICAL PUBLISHERS (P) LTD\nNew Delhi • St Louis (USA) • Panama City (Panama) • London (UK) • Ahmedabad\nBengaluru • Chennai • Hyderabad • Kochi • Kolkata • Lucknow • Mumbai • Nagpur\nPublished by\nJitendar P Vij\nJaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd\nCorporate Office\n4838/24 Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110002, India\nPhone: +91-11-43574357, Fax: +91-11-43574314\nRegistered Office\nB-3 EMCA House, 23/23B Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110 002, India\nPhones: +91-11-23272143, +91-11-23272703, +91-11-23282021, +91-11-23245672\nRel: +91-11-32558559, Fax: +91-11-23276490, +91-11-23245683\ne-mail: [email protected], Website: www.jaypeebrothers.com\nOffices in India\n• Ahmedabad, Phone: Rel: +91-79-32988717, e-mail: [email protected]\n• Bengaluru, Phone: Rel: +91-80-32714073, e-mail: [email protected]\n• Chennai, Phone: Rel: +91-44-32972089, e-mail: [email protected]\n• Hyderabad, Phone: Rel:+91-40-32940929, e-mail: [email protected]\n• Kochi, Phone: +91-484-2395740, e-mail: [email protected]\n• Kolkata, Phone: +91-33-22276415, e-mail: [email protected]\n• Lucknow, Phone: +91-522-3040554, e-mail: [email protected]\n• Mumbai, Phone: Rel: +91-22-32926896, e-mail: [email protected]\n• Nagpur, Phone: Rel: +91-712-3245220, e-mail: [email protected]\nOverseas Offices\n• North America Office, USA, Ph: 001-636-6279734\ne-mail: [email protected], [email protected]\n• Central America Office, Panama City, Panama\nPh: 001-507-317-0160, e-mail: [email protected]\nWebsite: www.jphmedical.com\n• Europe Office, UK, Ph: +44 (0) 2031708910\ne-mail: [email protected]\nBasic Dental Materials\n© 2010, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers\nAll rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted\nin any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior\nwritten permission of the author and the publisher.\nThis book has been published in good faith that the material provided by contributors is original. Every\neffort is made to ensure accuracy of material, but the publisher, printer and author will not be held responsible\nfor any inadvertent error(s). In case of any dispute, all legal matters are to be settled under Delhi jurisdiction\nonly.\nThe author, contributors and the publishers have taken care to keep the information contained in this book\naccurate up to date. However, medical knowledge is constantly evolving and readers are cautioned to\nconfirm that the information complies with government legislation and standards, especially with regard to\ndrug dosage/usage.\nFirst Edition: 1998\nSecond Edition: 2003\nReprint: 2004, 2007, 2008\nThird Edition:\n2010\nISBN 978-81-8448-921-7\nTypeset at JPBMP typesetting unit\nPrinted at Ajanta Offset\nDedicated to\nMy Parents\nRajashekar Sangur\nProfessor and Head\nDepartment of Prosthodontics\nRama Dental College-Hospital and Research Center\nKanpur, UP, India\nG Vinaya Kumar\nProfessor\nDepartment of Prosthodontics\nCollege of Dental Sciences\nDavengere\nKarnataka, India\nAkshay Bhargava\nProfessor and Head\nDepartment of Prosthodontics and Implantology\nITS, College of Dental Sciences and Research\nMuradnagar, Ghaziabad, UP, India\nContributors\nAtley George\nConsultant Prosthodontist\n94 Village Greenway\nToronto, Canada\nPreface\nA successful dentist has to combine technical skills along with clinical knowledge.\nDental materials is the backbone of dentistry. Knowledge of dental materials is\none of the keys to a successful dental practice. To the beginner, the task may\nappear formidable because of the wide array of materials available. This is quite\nnormal and fortunately disappears with familiarity. Dental materials does not\nend with the first year of the graduate training program. It is required throughout\nthe course and subsequently for a successful practice. The popularity of the second\nedition was encouraging. The feedback helped in improving the current edition.\nComments and suggestions may be e-mailed to me at [email protected]—your\nfeedback is valuable.\nRevising the edition was a huge challenge. Dental materials is a vibrant subject as\nnew products are constantly appearing in the market. The book has been entirely\nreorganized reflecting these changes. More color illustrations have been added to\nimprove clarity. A few of the materials have been eliminated from the book or just\nbriefly mentioned as they are no longer marketed. Knowledge of the history of\ndental materials is useful to understand how these materials evolved and why\nnewer materials were developed. Over the past decade, the field of ceramics has\nseen vast improvements. The chapter on ceramics had to be entirely revamped to\nreflect the significant advances in technology. Actual values of the various materials\nhave been presented wherever possible. Knowledge of values improve depth of\nunderstanding and is useful for making comparisons. However, one must remember\nthat these values are not necessarily absolute, variations can occur between brands\nand methods of testing. Climatic differences affect properties like working and\nsetting times.\nDentists in India are fortunate to have a wide choice of materials. In the past,\nhowever, the availability of materials in India was greatly limited, affecting the\nquality of both education and treatment. The economic liberalization of the late\n1980s saw the opening of the market to a range of high quality international\nproducts. Some are entirely new products while others are modifications and\nimprovements of existing materials. Dental practitioners should have a good\nunderstan",
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steemdelegated 6.089 SP to @thekausar
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2018/06/22 15:57:27
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2018/06/22 15:57:24
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2018/06/21 23:37:33
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2018/06/21 23:37:33
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| permlink | bitcoin-prices-continue-to-decrease-to-the-lowest-level-this-year-is-this-the-cause-52ae331dc193c |
| title | Bitcoin Prices Continue to Decrease To The Lowest Level This Year, Is This The Cause? |
| body |  *Hallo ... good morning steemit friend who is handsome and pretty 😊* The price of bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies continues to decline to the lowest level this year. That's because the case of hacking during this week, which broke into coins worth about 37 million US dollars (about Rp 516.5 billion). The news was delivered by the South Korean cryptocurrency exchange bureau, Coinrail which also said hackers earn about 30 percent of their coin and token reserves. Some of the affected tokens are Pundi X (NPXS), ATX, NPER and DENT. To overcome this problem, Coinrail said if the coin exchange will be done offline while the remaining time and assets are transferred to cold storage (frozen). While it will still review the security system and cooperate with law enforcement to conduct an investigation. But not mentioned, how offline exchange can replace customer losses. On Monday (6/11/2018) morning, bitcoin prices fell by as much as six percent. Ars Technica reported compiled KompasTekno, bitcoin has lost half the price since last year, where the exchange rate is quite volatile. Other virtual coins, including ethereum also suffered a similar fate on Monday morning, after continuing to plummet for the past two months. Coinrail is just one of the digital currency exchange bureaus that reported the theft of millions of valuable digital coins, the result of hackers. Previously, January ago, Bureau of currency Exchange digital Japan, coincheck also reported theft cryptocurrency xem worth 400 million US dollars (about USD 5,5 million trillion). Bureau of such as tether and etherdelta also reported the same thing.  Not only the Bureau of currency Exchange digital, researchers 360 netlab are also inform the operation of the hackers, that steal coins ethereum. Coins stolen is stored by the end user in the application and installation of mining less safe. Monday morning, the researchers revealed if thieves managed to steal coins worth more than 20 million US dollars (about USD 279,2 billion)  |
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}davebrewerflagged (-100.00%) @thekausar / re-haejin-2018618t44122115z2018/06/17 23:20:12
davebrewerflagged (-100.00%) @thekausar / re-haejin-2018618t44122115z
2018/06/17 23:20:12
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}zuzannaupvoted (100.00%) @thekausar / overcoming-pockmarks-acne-scars-02fb782b624342018/06/17 22:05:30
zuzannaupvoted (100.00%) @thekausar / overcoming-pockmarks-acne-scars-02fb782b62434
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}thekausarupdated options for re-haejin-2018618t44122115z2018/06/17 21:41:24
thekausarupdated options for re-haejin-2018618t44122115z
2018/06/17 21:41:24
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}thekausarreplied to @haejin / re-haejin-2018618t44122115z2018/06/17 21:41:24
thekausarreplied to @haejin / re-haejin-2018618t44122115z
2018/06/17 21:41:24
| parent author | haejin |
| parent permlink | chesapeake-utilities-corp-cpk-analysis |
| author | thekausar |
| permlink | re-haejin-2018618t44122115z |
| title | |
| body | Help me |
| json metadata | {"tags":["money","investment","stocks","equities","finance"],"app":"esteem/1.6.0","format":"markdown+html","community":"esteem"} |
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View Raw JSON Data
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}thekausarupdated options for re-exxodus-2018618t43640578z2018/06/17 21:36:45
thekausarupdated options for re-exxodus-2018618t43640578z
2018/06/17 21:36:45
| author | thekausar |
| permlink | re-exxodus-2018618t43640578z |
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View Raw JSON Data
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}thekausarreplied to @exxodus / re-exxodus-2018618t43640578z2018/06/17 21:36:45
thekausarreplied to @exxodus / re-exxodus-2018618t43640578z
2018/06/17 21:36:45
| parent author | exxodus |
| parent permlink | re-thekausar-overcoming-pockmarks-acne-scars-02fb782b62434-20180617t212802695z |
| author | thekausar |
| permlink | re-exxodus-2018618t43640578z |
| title | |
| body | Thanks you bro |
| json metadata | {"tags":"money","app":"esteem/1.6.0","format":"markdown+html","community":"esteem"} |
| Transaction Info | Block #23411887/Trx 6143e1471912dd8d868ce045d851f3c67628d92a |
View Raw JSON Data
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}thekausarupvoted (100.00%) @thekausar / overcoming-pockmarks-acne-scars-02fb782b624342018/06/17 21:31:24
thekausarupvoted (100.00%) @thekausar / overcoming-pockmarks-acne-scars-02fb782b62434
2018/06/17 21:31:24
| voter | thekausar |
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| permlink | overcoming-pockmarks-acne-scars-02fb782b62434 |
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View Raw JSON Data
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}2018/06/17 21:28:03
2018/06/17 21:28:03
| parent author | thekausar |
| parent permlink | overcoming-pockmarks-acne-scars-02fb782b62434 |
| author | exxodus |
| permlink | re-thekausar-overcoming-pockmarks-acne-scars-02fb782b62434-20180617t212802695z |
| title | |
| body | Hey @thekausar, great post! I enjoyed your content. Keep up the good work! It's always nice to see good content here on Steemit! Cheers :) |
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}2018/06/17 21:27:57
2018/06/17 21:27:57
| parent author | thekausar |
| parent permlink | overcoming-pockmarks-acne-scars-02fb782b62434 |
| author | a-0-1 |
| permlink | re-thekausar-overcoming-pockmarks-acne-scars-02fb782b62434-20180617t212755310z |
| title | |
| body | Go here https://steemit.com/@a-a-a to get your post resteemed to over 72,000 followers. |
| json metadata | {"tags":["money"],"links":["https://steemit.com/@a-a-a"],"app":"steemit/0.1"} |
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}thekausarupdated options for overcoming-pockmarks-acne-scars-02fb782b624342018/06/17 21:27:21
thekausarupdated options for overcoming-pockmarks-acne-scars-02fb782b62434
2018/06/17 21:27:21
| author | thekausar |
| permlink | overcoming-pockmarks-acne-scars-02fb782b62434 |
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View Raw JSON Data
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}thekausarpublished a new post: overcoming-pockmarks-acne-scars-02fb782b624342018/06/17 21:27:21
thekausarpublished a new post: overcoming-pockmarks-acne-scars-02fb782b62434
2018/06/17 21:27:21
| parent author | |
| parent permlink | money |
| author | thekausar |
| permlink | overcoming-pockmarks-acne-scars-02fb782b62434 |
| title | Overcoming pockmarks acne scars |
| body |  Acne is a problem that almost never encountered by everyone in the world, especially when teens. Overcome acne is not easy thing as a factor cause acne not only one, but some factors that interact with each other. However, after acne is lost, it turns out there are new issues that arise. Most of acne definitely will leave the former. Ex-posed by acne this can be patches of black, patches redness, keloid or holes on the skin (pockmarked). Spotting blackish happens because inflammation in acne, it turns out trigger the production of pigment known as hyperpigmentasi post inflammation. While keloid and pockmarked acne scars called scar. Scar is a connective tissue fibrous (fibrous), which replaces the skin cells normal after injury on the skin. Injury on the skin here could be due to trauma great as former operation or sharp objects, but can also because trauma very light for example acne or former scratch. A variety of ways proven effective to overcome pockmarked acne scars this. Because the principle there barriers in collagen production, then how to handle it is stimulate collagen production. 50 - 75% of cases improved with the principle of treatment this. Several ways treatment which can be used: a) of chemical peeling chemical peeling effective for the case of scar is chemical peeling, which can penetrate the dermis so as to improve the collagen production. Chemical peeling said to be quite effective for the case of acne scar the level of depth light. bed) dermabrasion dermabrasion serves to lift the leather lining up to a depth of certain special tools (unlike microdermabrasi only lift the leather lining superficial only). Required anesthetic for treatment dermabrasion. Treatment this is rarely used for the case of acne scar. C.) subsisi subsisi very effective to the type of rolling scar because of the type of scar this obtained the connective tissue and blood clots holding the surface of the skin. This will cause skin surface become average. Function subsisi is doing cuts on the network holding the surface of the skin so skin surface will ride. After subsisi, must be followed by treatment such as dermabrasion or laser. D) laser outline, laser is divided into two kinds ablative and non ablative. For the case of acne scar, laser ablative like carbon dioxide laser and er YAG much more effective than non ablative. How it works similar to dermabrasion the damage the skin arrive at a particular layer to stimulate the formation of collagen. Loss of laser type ablative this is a wound healing longer and risks bigger than the type of non ablative. Hey) dermal roller dermal roller is a method meso therapy that use micro needle. The goal is to make the channel sized micro so ingredients given can go well on the skin. In case of acne scar, dermal roller function stimulate stimulation of collagen and enter the ingredients that can stimulate healing skin as cantella asiatica or growth factor. F) dermal filler purpose filler here is filling area 'empty' on pockmarked acne scars. Like the filler in other areas, the results of treatment is only temporary. Type selection treatment for acne scar adapted to the skin and type of scar on the face. Doctor will give advice for the treatment of the most effective (as well as the safest). Usually used combination treatment as chemical peeling with laser or subsisi with dermal roller, not a single treatment. The use of cream-face cream like sunscreen and materials may stimulate stimulation of collagen will be very helpful the results of treatment. |
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}thekausarupvoted (100.00%) @haejin / 3sn4bk-wti-crude-oil-usoil-not-bullish-on-oil2018/06/12 17:13:21
thekausarupvoted (100.00%) @haejin / 3sn4bk-wti-crude-oil-usoil-not-bullish-on-oil
2018/06/12 17:13:21
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}2018/06/12 01:12:27
2018/06/12 01:12:27
| voter | anomaly |
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| permlink | ekonomi-indonesia-di-tengah-rongrongan-dolar-as-d07269f55b5eb |
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}2018/06/12 00:58:18
2018/06/12 00:58:18
| voter | youngogmarqs |
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}2018/06/12 00:40:33
2018/06/12 00:40:33
| parent author | thekausar |
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| author | cheetah |
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| title | |
| body | Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in: http://www.bicarapenting.com/2018/06/ekonomi-indonesia-di-tengah-rongrongan.html |
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}2018/06/12 00:40:30
2018/06/12 00:40:30
| voter | cheetah |
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}thekausarupdated options for ekonomi-indonesia-di-tengah-rongrongan-dolar-as-d07269f55b5eb2018/06/12 00:40:18
thekausarupdated options for ekonomi-indonesia-di-tengah-rongrongan-dolar-as-d07269f55b5eb
2018/06/12 00:40:18
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}thekausarpublished a new post: ekonomi-indonesia-di-tengah-rongrongan-dolar-as-d07269f55b5eb2018/06/12 00:40:18
thekausarpublished a new post: ekonomi-indonesia-di-tengah-rongrongan-dolar-as-d07269f55b5eb
2018/06/12 00:40:18
| parent author | |
| parent permlink | steemit |
| author | thekausar |
| permlink | ekonomi-indonesia-di-tengah-rongrongan-dolar-as-d07269f55b5eb |
| title | Ekonomi Indonesia di Tengah Rongrongan Dolar AS |
| body |  DALAM satu bulan terakhir, berita pelemahan rupiah terhadap US dollar (USD, dolar AS) selalu kita temui di kolom-kolom berita baik media online maupun surat kabar. Walaupun banyak juga isu lain seperti perkembangan politik dan terorisme, para redaktur surat kabar seakan tidak pernah kehabisan tempat untuk menaruh berita depresiasi nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dolar AS. Posisi mata uang Burung Garuda tersebut memang lagi terpuruk. Pasalnya, dalam satu bulan terakhir rupiah terus menerima rongrongan dari dolar negeri Paman Sam hingga harus terdepresiasi sebesar 1,65%. Dari maraknya pemberitaan tersebut, lantas apakah kondisi nilai tukar rupiah saat ini memang sangat memprihatinkan? Pada 30 April 2019, nilai tukar rupiah tercatat di Jakarta Interbank Spot Dollar Rate (JISDOR) sebesar Rp 13.877 per USD. Satu bulan kemudian, nilai tukar rupiah tersebut terus terdepresiasi dan menyentuh level psikologis baru sebesar Rp 14.032 per USD. Angka nilai tukar tersebut memang yang paling tinggi dalam 1 tahun terakhir. Namun bila kita telisik lebih jauh, nilai tukar rupiah pernah menyentuh ke level yang lebih parah dari itu yakni sebesar Rp 16.650 per USD saat krisis moneter Juni 1998. Pelemahan rupiah mencapai 178% dan terjadi hanya dalam tempo 6 bulan, di mana nilai tukar rupiah di awal 1998 hanya sebesar Rp 6.000 per USD. Dengan kata lain, pelemahan nilai tukar rupiah yang saat ini terjadi tidak separah seperti kondisi krisis 1998 lalu.  Sejumlah ekonom dan kalangan masyarakat merasa khawatir bila fenomena pelemahan nilai tukar rupiah tersebut terus berlanjut hingga ke level yang berisiko menyebabkan krisis monter. Timbulnya rasa khawatir tersebut lumrah saja, namun bila kita melihat kondisi fundamental ekonomi Indonesia saat ini, faktor risiko pelemahan kurs yang bersumber dari eksternal, serta upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah, rasanya kekhawatiran tersebut tidak perlu sampai berlebihan. Kekhawatiran yang berlebihan justru membentuk ekpektasi negatif yang berujung pada kondisi self-fulfilling prophecy. Fundamental ekonomi Stabilitas nilai tukar mata uang suatu negara ditentukan dari kondisi fundamental ekonomi negara tersebut. Fundamental ekonomi tersebut dijabarkan dalam berbagai macam variabel yakni inflasi, tingkat bunga, neraca pembayaran, pertumbuhan ekonomi, dan tingkat pengangguran. Negara yang tingkat inflasinya tinggi dan terus meningkat cenderung memiliki nilai tukar yang konsisten terdepresiasi dengan mata uang negara lain yang tingkat inflasinya lebih stabil, contohnya Zimbabwe. Inflasi Indonesia dalam kurun waktu tiga tahun terakhir (2015 s.d 2017) relatif stabil dan berada pada rentang target inflasi yang telah ditetapkan oleh pemerintah. Tahun 2017 tingkat inflasi Indonesia mencapai 3,61% (YoY) masih dalam rentang target inflasi Nasional sebesar 4±1%. Dibandingkan dengan laju inflasi negara-negara di ASEAN, Indonesia memang lebih tinggi, namun tingkat inflasi Indonesia saat ini relatif masih terkendali. Dari sisi tingkat suku bunga, suku bunga di Indonesia saat ini mencapai 4,50% p.a, relatif lebih besar dibandingkan tingkat suku bunga perbankan yang ada di negara-negara lain seperti Malaysia (3,25%) dan Singapura (0,78%). Tingkat suku bunga tersebut dijaga agar dapat memberikan sentimen positif atau optimisme bagi para pelaku pasar untuk berinvestasi dan menempatkan dananya di Indonesia. Namun di sisi lain pemerintah juga ingin agar tingkat suku bunga yang ada juga dapat mendukung ekspansi kredit sektor riil agar dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi Lebih lanjut, pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia dalam tiga tahun terakhir selalu berada di atas 4,5%. Pertumbuhan PDB Indonesia pada 2017 mencapai 5,06% lebih tinggi Singapura (4,40%) dan Thailand (4,80), namun masih tertinggal dari Vietnam yang mencapai 7,38%. Secara umum, kinerja pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia masih memberikan optimisme bagi pelaku pasar. Terlebih lagi masih banyak ruang bagi pelaku ekonomi untuk mengembangkan potensi usahanya di Indonesia. Walau demikian, Indonesia saat ini masih memiliki tingkat pengangguran yang relatif tinggi dibandingkan dengan Negara-negara di kawasan. Tingkat pengangguran Indonesia pada 2017 mencapai 5,13%, sementara negara tetangga seperti Singapura sebesar 2% dan Thailand hanya 1,1%. Namun demikian, tingkat pengangguran Indonesia tersebut selalu menurun dari tahun ke tahun, hal ini menunjukan adanya perbaikan pemerataan pendapatan yang juga dikonfirmasi oleh penurunan gini rasio Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun.  Ekonomi Indonesia di Tengah Rongrongan Dolar AS Sedangkan dari sisi neraca transaksi berjalan, Indonesia selalu mengalami trend defisit neraca transaksi berjalan, walaupun besaran defisit terebut makin mengecil. Besaran defisit transaksi berjalan Indonesia pada 2017 mencapai -1,70% dari total PDB. Hal tersebut menandakan Indonesia sulit untuk mendapat tambahan devisa dari aktivitas perdagangan luar negeri serta transaksi finansial. Namun demikian, tingkat defisit tersebut masih di bawah 2,5% dari PDB, sehingga masih dapat dikategorikan aman. Berdasarkan penjelasan tersebut di atas, secara umum kondisi fundamental ekonomi Indonesia saat ini masih relatif baik. Indikator inflasi, tingkat suku bunga, pertumbuhan ekonomi, tingkat pengangguran, dan defisit transaksi berjalan saat ini tidak berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakstabilan nilai tukar. Oleh sebab itu, fenomena menguatnya dolar AS terhadap rupiah yang saat ini terjadi lebih disebabkan adanya gangguan/gejolak dari faktor eksternal atau kondisi di luar negeri. Terdapat sejumlah faktor eksternal yang saat ini memberikan tekanan terhadap nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dolar AS. Pemulihan ekonomi AS saat ini masih berlanjut. Meningkatnya pertumbuhan ekonomi negara tersebut yang juga diiringi dengan peningkatan inflasi mendorong bank sentral Amerika Federal Reserves untuk menaikan tingkat suku bunga acuan. Selain itu, untuk mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi tersebut pemerintah terus meningkatkan belanja negaranya yang menyebabkan defisit fiskal US semakin besar dan diperkirakan mencapai 5% dari PDB-nya. Oleh sebab adanya kenaikan suku bunga The Fed dan kebutuhan pemerintah AS untuk membiayai belanja fiskalnya, hal tersebut memicu kenaikan imbal hasil Surat Utang Negara Amerika. Hal inilah yang mendorong sebagian besar investor untuk memindahkan dana investasinya dari sejumlah Negara berkembang (termasuk Indonesia) kembali ke AS, sebab investasi di surat utang AS memberikan imbal hasil yang lebih baik. Pelepasan surat-surat berharga di pasar domestik oleh para investor tersebut menyebabkan permintaan akan dolar AS meningkat, yang pada akhirnya membuat mata uang dolar AS menguat terhadap hampir seluruh mata uang dunia khususnya di Negara berkembang. Faktor eksternal lainnya yaitu investor masih merasa bahwa terdapat risiko ketidakpastian global yang terjadi saat ini dan justru cenderung meningkat akibat perang dagang antara AS dengan Cina. Bila risiko ketidakpastian global meningkat, para pemilik dana atau investor memiliki kecenderungan untuk menempatkan kekayaannya di negara-negara safe haven, yaitu Amerika. Singkat cerita, dana para investor asing yang ditempatkan dalam surat-surat berharga Indonesia tersebut saat ini sedang “pulang kampung”. Tidak berdiam diri Tentu saja Bank Indonesia (BI) selaku otoritas moneter di negeri ini tidak berdiam diri melihat rongrongan dolar negeri Paman Sam ke mata uang Garuda tersebut. Bagaimanapun juga stabilitas nilai tukar rupiah menentukan kinerja BI di mata masyarakat. Sejumlah langkah saat ini sudah diambil oleh BI, yakni dengan melakukan intervensi di pasar valas serta menyesuaikan kebijakan tingkat suku bunga (BI 7-day reverse repo rate), guna mengimbangi kenaikan tingkat suku bunga The Fed (Fed Fund Rate). Operasi moneter untuk melakukan intervensi valas agar kurs di pasar tidak bergejolak membutuhkan biaya yang tidak sedikit. Data cadangan devisa yang dikeluarkan oleh BI konsisten terus menurun dari Januari 2018 sebesar 131 miliar USD menjadi 124 miliar USD pada April 2018. Disinyalir penurunan cadangan devisa tersebut karena digunakan untuk melakukan intervensi valas, sehingga volatilitas nilai tukar tersebut tidak terlalu bergejolak atau masih dalam rentangan nilai tukar fundamental yang ditetapkan BI. Dengan demikian, maka setidaknya BI telah menggunakan cadangan devisanya sebesar ±7 miliar US dollar (setara ± Rp 98 triliun) dalam kurun waktu 4 (empat) bulan terakhir untuk memenuhi kebutuhan valas dalam negeri. Namun, tentu BI memiliki ukuran dan perhitungannya tersendiri dalam menentukan sampai sejauh mana intervensi valas tersebut akan dilakukan. Pelaksanaan operasi moneter membutuhkan biaya yang tidak sedikit. Selain itu, perhitungan intervensi tersebut juga jangan sampai malah membuat para spekulan untuk “mencuri kesempatan”. Posisi nilai tukar rupiah terhadap US dollar pada 5 Juni 2018 mencapai Rp 13.887 per USD, sudah turun dari nilai tertingginya dalam sepekan terakhir yaitu Rp 14.205 per USD, hal tersebut ibarat pesan yang disampaikan ke BI pasar bahwa BI berada di garda terdepan dalam mengawal stabilitas nilai tukar sehingga para pelaku pasar tidak perlu panik. |
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"title": "Ekonomi Indonesia di Tengah Rongrongan Dolar AS",
"body": "\n\nDALAM satu bulan terakhir, berita pelemahan rupiah terhadap US dollar (USD, dolar AS) selalu kita temui di kolom-kolom berita baik media online maupun surat kabar. Walaupun banyak juga isu lain seperti perkembangan politik dan terorisme, para redaktur surat kabar seakan tidak pernah kehabisan tempat untuk menaruh berita depresiasi nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dolar AS. Posisi mata uang Burung Garuda tersebut memang lagi terpuruk. Pasalnya, dalam satu bulan terakhir rupiah terus menerima rongrongan dari dolar negeri Paman Sam hingga harus terdepresiasi sebesar 1,65%.\n\nDari maraknya pemberitaan tersebut, lantas apakah kondisi nilai tukar rupiah saat ini memang sangat memprihatinkan? Pada 30 April 2019, nilai tukar rupiah tercatat di Jakarta Interbank Spot Dollar Rate (JISDOR) sebesar Rp 13.877 per USD. Satu bulan kemudian, nilai tukar rupiah tersebut terus terdepresiasi dan menyentuh level psikologis baru sebesar Rp 14.032 per USD.\n\nAngka nilai tukar tersebut memang yang paling tinggi dalam 1 tahun terakhir. Namun bila kita telisik lebih jauh, nilai tukar rupiah pernah menyentuh ke level yang lebih parah dari itu yakni sebesar Rp 16.650 per USD saat krisis moneter Juni 1998. Pelemahan rupiah mencapai 178% dan terjadi hanya dalam tempo 6 bulan, di mana nilai tukar rupiah di awal 1998 hanya sebesar Rp 6.000 per USD. Dengan kata lain, pelemahan nilai tukar rupiah yang saat ini terjadi tidak separah seperti kondisi krisis 1998 lalu.\n\n \n\nSejumlah ekonom dan kalangan masyarakat merasa khawatir bila fenomena pelemahan nilai tukar rupiah tersebut terus berlanjut hingga ke level yang berisiko menyebabkan krisis monter. Timbulnya rasa khawatir tersebut lumrah saja, namun bila kita melihat kondisi fundamental ekonomi Indonesia saat ini, faktor risiko pelemahan kurs yang bersumber dari eksternal, serta upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah, rasanya kekhawatiran tersebut tidak perlu sampai berlebihan. Kekhawatiran yang berlebihan justru membentuk ekpektasi negatif yang berujung pada kondisi self-fulfilling prophecy.\n\nFundamental ekonomi\nStabilitas nilai tukar mata uang suatu negara ditentukan dari kondisi fundamental ekonomi negara tersebut. Fundamental ekonomi tersebut dijabarkan dalam berbagai macam variabel yakni inflasi, tingkat bunga, neraca pembayaran, pertumbuhan ekonomi, dan tingkat pengangguran. Negara yang tingkat inflasinya tinggi dan terus meningkat cenderung memiliki nilai tukar yang konsisten terdepresiasi dengan mata uang negara lain yang tingkat inflasinya lebih stabil, contohnya Zimbabwe.\n\nInflasi Indonesia dalam kurun waktu tiga tahun terakhir (2015 s.d 2017) relatif stabil dan berada pada rentang target inflasi yang telah ditetapkan oleh pemerintah. Tahun 2017 tingkat inflasi Indonesia mencapai 3,61% (YoY) masih dalam rentang target inflasi Nasional sebesar 4±1%. Dibandingkan dengan laju inflasi negara-negara di ASEAN, Indonesia memang lebih tinggi, namun tingkat inflasi Indonesia saat ini relatif masih terkendali.\n\nDari sisi tingkat suku bunga, suku bunga di Indonesia saat ini mencapai 4,50% p.a, relatif lebih besar dibandingkan tingkat suku bunga perbankan yang ada di negara-negara lain seperti Malaysia (3,25%) dan Singapura (0,78%). Tingkat suku bunga tersebut dijaga agar dapat memberikan sentimen positif atau optimisme bagi para pelaku pasar untuk berinvestasi dan menempatkan dananya di Indonesia. Namun di sisi lain pemerintah juga ingin agar tingkat suku bunga yang ada juga dapat mendukung ekspansi kredit sektor riil agar dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi\n\nLebih lanjut, pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia dalam tiga tahun terakhir selalu berada di atas 4,5%. Pertumbuhan PDB Indonesia pada 2017 mencapai 5,06% lebih tinggi Singapura (4,40%) dan Thailand (4,80), namun masih tertinggal dari Vietnam yang mencapai 7,38%. Secara umum, kinerja pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia masih memberikan optimisme bagi pelaku pasar. Terlebih lagi masih banyak ruang bagi pelaku ekonomi untuk mengembangkan potensi usahanya di Indonesia.\n\nWalau demikian, Indonesia saat ini masih memiliki tingkat pengangguran yang relatif tinggi dibandingkan dengan Negara-negara di kawasan. Tingkat pengangguran Indonesia pada 2017 mencapai 5,13%, sementara negara tetangga seperti Singapura sebesar 2% dan Thailand hanya 1,1%. Namun demikian, tingkat pengangguran Indonesia tersebut selalu menurun dari tahun ke tahun, hal ini menunjukan adanya perbaikan pemerataan pendapatan yang juga dikonfirmasi oleh penurunan gini rasio Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun.\n\n \n\n \n Ekonomi Indonesia di Tengah Rongrongan Dolar AS\nSedangkan dari sisi neraca transaksi berjalan, Indonesia selalu mengalami trend defisit neraca transaksi berjalan, walaupun besaran defisit terebut makin mengecil. Besaran defisit transaksi berjalan Indonesia pada 2017 mencapai -1,70% dari total PDB. Hal tersebut menandakan Indonesia sulit untuk mendapat tambahan devisa dari aktivitas perdagangan luar negeri serta transaksi finansial. Namun demikian, tingkat defisit tersebut masih di bawah 2,5% dari PDB, sehingga masih dapat dikategorikan aman.\n\nBerdasarkan penjelasan tersebut di atas, secara umum kondisi fundamental ekonomi Indonesia saat ini masih relatif baik. Indikator inflasi, tingkat suku bunga, pertumbuhan ekonomi, tingkat pengangguran, dan defisit transaksi berjalan saat ini tidak berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakstabilan nilai tukar. Oleh sebab itu, fenomena menguatnya dolar AS terhadap rupiah yang saat ini terjadi lebih disebabkan adanya gangguan/gejolak dari faktor eksternal atau kondisi di luar negeri.\n\nTerdapat sejumlah faktor eksternal yang saat ini memberikan tekanan terhadap nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dolar AS. Pemulihan ekonomi AS saat ini masih berlanjut. Meningkatnya pertumbuhan ekonomi negara tersebut yang juga diiringi dengan peningkatan inflasi mendorong bank sentral Amerika Federal Reserves untuk menaikan tingkat suku bunga acuan. Selain itu, untuk mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi tersebut pemerintah terus meningkatkan belanja negaranya yang menyebabkan defisit fiskal US semakin besar dan diperkirakan mencapai 5% dari PDB-nya.\n\nOleh sebab adanya kenaikan suku bunga The Fed dan kebutuhan pemerintah AS untuk membiayai belanja fiskalnya, hal tersebut memicu kenaikan imbal hasil Surat Utang Negara Amerika. Hal inilah yang mendorong sebagian besar investor untuk memindahkan dana investasinya dari sejumlah Negara berkembang (termasuk Indonesia) kembali ke AS, sebab investasi di surat utang AS memberikan imbal hasil yang lebih baik. Pelepasan surat-surat berharga di pasar domestik oleh para investor tersebut menyebabkan permintaan akan dolar AS meningkat, yang pada akhirnya membuat mata uang dolar AS menguat terhadap hampir seluruh mata uang dunia khususnya di Negara berkembang.\n\n\n\n\nFaktor eksternal lainnya yaitu investor masih merasa bahwa terdapat risiko ketidakpastian global yang terjadi saat ini dan justru cenderung meningkat akibat perang dagang antara AS dengan Cina. Bila risiko ketidakpastian global meningkat, para pemilik dana atau investor memiliki kecenderungan untuk menempatkan kekayaannya di negara-negara safe haven, yaitu Amerika. Singkat cerita, dana para investor asing yang ditempatkan dalam surat-surat berharga Indonesia tersebut saat ini sedang “pulang kampung”.\n\nTidak berdiam diri\nTentu saja Bank Indonesia (BI) selaku otoritas moneter di negeri ini tidak berdiam diri melihat rongrongan dolar negeri Paman Sam ke mata uang Garuda tersebut. Bagaimanapun juga stabilitas nilai tukar rupiah menentukan kinerja BI di mata masyarakat. Sejumlah langkah saat ini sudah diambil oleh BI, yakni dengan melakukan intervensi di pasar valas serta menyesuaikan kebijakan tingkat suku bunga (BI 7-day reverse repo rate), guna mengimbangi kenaikan tingkat suku bunga The Fed (Fed Fund Rate).\n\nOperasi moneter untuk melakukan intervensi valas agar kurs di pasar tidak bergejolak membutuhkan biaya yang tidak sedikit. Data cadangan devisa yang dikeluarkan oleh BI konsisten terus menurun dari Januari 2018 sebesar 131 miliar USD menjadi 124 miliar USD pada April 2018. Disinyalir penurunan cadangan devisa tersebut karena digunakan untuk melakukan intervensi valas, sehingga volatilitas nilai tukar tersebut tidak terlalu bergejolak atau masih dalam rentangan nilai tukar fundamental yang ditetapkan BI.\n\nDengan demikian, maka setidaknya BI telah menggunakan cadangan devisanya sebesar ±7 miliar US dollar (setara ± Rp 98 triliun) dalam kurun waktu 4 (empat) bulan terakhir untuk memenuhi kebutuhan valas dalam negeri. Namun, tentu BI memiliki ukuran dan perhitungannya tersendiri dalam menentukan sampai sejauh mana intervensi valas tersebut akan dilakukan. Pelaksanaan operasi moneter membutuhkan biaya yang tidak sedikit.\n\nSelain itu, perhitungan intervensi tersebut juga jangan sampai malah membuat para spekulan untuk “mencuri kesempatan”. Posisi nilai tukar rupiah terhadap US dollar pada 5 Juni 2018 mencapai Rp 13.887 per USD, sudah turun dari nilai tertingginya dalam sepekan terakhir yaitu Rp 14.205 per USD, hal tersebut ibarat pesan yang disampaikan ke BI pasar bahwa BI berada di garda terdepan dalam mengawal stabilitas nilai tukar sehingga para pelaku pasar tidak perlu panik.",
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2018/06/11 20:30:45
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}thekausarupvoted (100.00%) @haejin / jacobs-engineering-group-jec-extended-5th-damage-not-yet-complete2018/06/11 19:47:09
thekausarupvoted (100.00%) @haejin / jacobs-engineering-group-jec-extended-5th-damage-not-yet-complete
2018/06/11 19:47:09
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2018/06/11 19:41:39
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| author | thekausar |
| permlink | must-snap-snipers-here-is-the-mystery-behind-israeli-fear-on-palestinian-kites-b1b47605509e4 |
| title | Must Snap Snipers, Here Is The Mystery Behind Israeli Fear on Palestinian Kites! |
| body |  At least 120 Palestinians have been killed by Israeli forces during mass rallies along the Gaza border since March 30. Now the Palestinians then fly kites that immediately become effective weapons against Israeli terror. This kite is a simple technology created spontaneously. Shadi, one of five Palestinian teenagers who made a kite wearing a Vendetta mask said:  "We never thought the result would be that good, the idea and the tools were so simple but capable of making damage." He explained that the kite is made of transparent plastic so as not to be detected by radar or visibility in the sky. Then the kite is fitted with the tip of the cloth roll dipped in the diesel and the lubricating oil. He will soon burn the land of Israel when landing. Indeed no one was hurt by the fire caused by this fire kite. But the damage is capable of burning 910 hectares of Israeli fields and reserves. Public Security Minister Gilad Erdan said Israel must muster snipers to complete the kite. "I expect the IDF (Israeli army) to handle these kite flyers just like they face terrorists," he said. Simple plastic kite that is now part of this Palestinian struggle has become a divide.  In fact, Israel has installed a reconnaissance drone to rip off a kite attack. The drone is equipped with a fishing rod or slats that are expected to tear or cut the kite strings in the air. But Gilad Erdan acknowledged the limitations of these measures, saying: "We may end up having to shoot a kite flyer as well." Jason Greenblatt, US envoy Donald Trump for Middle East contends that kite attacks pose a serious threat to the Israeli Community. An increase in the burning also occurred ahead of Friday's protest (8/6/2018). |
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"body": "\n\nAt least 120 Palestinians have been killed by Israeli forces during mass rallies along the Gaza border since March 30.\n\nNow the Palestinians then fly kites that immediately become effective weapons against Israeli terror.\nThis kite is a simple technology created spontaneously.\n\nShadi, one of five Palestinian teenagers who made a kite wearing a Vendetta mask said:\n\n \n\n\"We never thought the result would be that good, the idea and the tools were so simple but capable of making damage.\"\n\nHe explained that the kite is made of transparent plastic so as not to be detected by radar or visibility in the sky.\n\nThen the kite is fitted with the tip of the cloth roll dipped in the diesel and the lubricating oil.\n\nHe will soon burn the land of Israel when landing.\n\nIndeed no one was hurt by the fire caused by this fire kite.\n\nBut the damage is capable of burning 910 hectares of Israeli fields and reserves.\n\nPublic Security Minister Gilad Erdan said Israel must muster snipers to complete the kite.\n\n\"I expect the IDF (Israeli army) to handle these kite flyers just like they face terrorists,\" he said.\n\nSimple plastic kite that is now part of this Palestinian struggle has become a divide. \n\n \n\nIn fact, Israel has installed a reconnaissance drone to rip off a kite attack.\nThe drone is equipped with a fishing rod or slats that are expected to tear or cut the kite strings in the air.\n\nBut Gilad Erdan acknowledged the limitations of these measures, saying:\n\n\"We may end up having to shoot a kite flyer as well.\"\n\nJason Greenblatt, US envoy Donald Trump for Middle East contends that kite attacks pose a serious threat to the Israeli Community.\n\nAn increase in the burning also occurred ahead of Friday's protest (8/6/2018).",
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}thekausarupvoted (100.00%) @thekausar / lagu-ganti-presiden-2019-4f24524f475ff2018/06/11 18:13:54
thekausarupvoted (100.00%) @thekausar / lagu-ganti-presiden-2019-4f24524f475ff
2018/06/11 18:13:54
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