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      "body": "I couldn't agree more. In deed, man's claim to progress, can only be seen in the advancements of science and technology more than in anything else. You only need to see, just as you allude to, in the progress, lets say of communication technology. Starting from decades a go when the telephone was first discovered, through the time of brick size mobile phones, and now the era of smart phones....that is progress marked in the improvements of society and its amenities. \n\nAnd then throughout the health sector, the advancement in medicine, preventive and curative....suffice to say that a lot of what was not known, and what killed people a decade ago is today contained. \n\nWhat of course remains, and which i choose to toe carefully, is the assertion that the more science has advanced, so have the problems it is premised on solving! \n\nThanks for your insights @dedicatedguy",
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      "body": "Without science we will have nothing, we will probably not even exists and have the good lives that we have today.\n\nThe best way to improve our lives, our society and the world, is thanks to science and technology innovations.\n\nToday the only reason we have good lives is because our current level of technology allows us to have immense productivity doing all sort of things, and that productivity is what causes wealthy societies. We have technology all around us because its key to maintain and improve our well being. \n\nAbout the role of science in building a better a world, I would say its role is a central one, because its the most important factor if we are looking to improve the world.",
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      "body": "<center>https://steemitimages.com/DQmcBx3N7RKXPNyE5SPKTRGACQ3QgeHPzAiVp7rUx6M6hCD/image.png</center>\n<p>\n    That man has scientifically come of age is an understatement beneath which\n    is snuggly concealed, even after ages of revelation to the contrary, the\n    resigned believe that everything that can be discovered has already been\n    discovered. But nevertheless, there is still a great many ingenious brains\n    out there who dedicate many valuable hours in laboratories pursuing\n    researches or studies in the name of science and it is actually upon them\n    that science shall play a big role in building a better world.\n</p>\n<p>\n    Science, unlike say religion, is not a mystery, neither is it man’s\n    adversary but is merely a way of living; an idea that is constantly\n    manifested as a voice that is great within every man and better still, a\n    conscience that serves to remind man of a possibility of a paradise\n    somewhere in the future. 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Yes, there is need to return to the\n    heart of traditional science where detail was paid to ‘simple things’ and\n    not where ingenious minds were more intent on fame and record breaking\n    discoveries which often ended in the test tubes and never once came to the\n    service of man. Yes, what we need is the science of curious humility.\n</p>\n<p>\n    Currently millions are being spent as man relentlessly attempts to\n    understand other planets such as mars, and this is not a bad venture, but\n    wouldn’t they rather they concentrated on the immediate, on the\n    practical-mans most pressing issues such as remedies to man’s ills, and not\n    on necessary fantasies.\n</p>\n<p>\n    Because interestingly though, today’s most fundamental and universally\n    accepted scientific principles owe there complexity to the simplicity of\n    there foundations, and it is thus for this reason that science must pause\n    and re-think about the direction to take and the researches’ and ventures\n    to pursue. It is true; there is a need for scientific re-evolution.\n</p>\n<p>\n    Man should return to the science that enabled an inquisitive ancient brain\n    to decode a solution to a mathematical puzzle in the toss of a coin.\n</p>\n<p>\n    The science we should concentrate on is that which is concerned with the\n    nature and especially the being of man.\n</p>\n<p>\n    What science should avoid is creating the impression that seems to\n    vindicate the assertion that her enemies in there simplicity claim; that in\n    science, man has actually designed a mechanism for his down fall, a servant\n    who will soon unsurp his place of avowed master hood, and a monster who\n    will ultimately destroy him.\n</p>\n<p>\n    The future of science is in its beginning and in this respect, if the\n    question of building a better world has to do with how far civilization\n    advances, then it is only logical that science dedicates more time and\n    emphasis on nature. Yes, ‘nature nurtures man’. The science of materials\n    must be re- examined and promoted because it is upon materials that\n    anything tangible depends. There is no science without materials;\n    technology without struts and trusses has no foundation!! Materials must be\n    protected and research dedicated to there useful and healthy benefits.\n</p>\n<p>\n    A better world is that where man’s handicaps are overcome, easy\n    communication and transport, health among a million other things,\n    simplified. And if materials can be sustained and properly utilized and\n    brought to the service of man without compromising and destroying them,\n    then man will be treading an irreversible course into the great future.\n</p>\n<p>\n    However, for the above to be realized, then man’s thinking has really got\n    to be refined; yes, man must break free of the confines of ‘facts’ and\n    restrictive ‘laws’ that have led him to believe that there is nothing more\n    to discover and instead seek for new horizons in the freedom and release of\n    ‘imagination’.\n</p>",
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      "body": "<br>The bulk of Africa feeds its people mostly through agriculture. But as climate change talks it toll, and thousands upon thousands are exposed to daily starvation, one can only say that for Africa, the future is in Irrigation.\n<center>https://steemitimages.com/DQmfXeX4tUykew4rzUZHnXrBuPw7PKcWRRLBTJ2Wbe89f34/image.png\nImage Source: CafePress</center>\n<br>The good news of course is that the bulk of Africa is blessed with all the critical factors for the success of irrigation. Africa is one of the world’s most usable water-resource blessed continents, most expansive cultivable lands and as much underutilized labor as can exist anywhere. \n<br>What remains is to harness these factors. If Africa can do these, it will become a giving food basket that feeds the world rather than a receiving food basket that is fed by the world.\n<br>Africa’s rapid population growth, industrialization and urbanization have meanwhile intensified and diversified the demand for land and water resources, increasing competition and exerting extra strain on their utilization.\n<br>This escalating urban population and its inherent water demands, substantiated by emerging economic activities like recreation, floriculture and fish farming, in addition to climate and landscape changes, present a host of threats to irrigated agriculture in Africa. \n<br>Henceforth, irrespective of the abundant resources, Africa’s irrigated agriculture challenge concerns in larger part, how through investment, maintenance and improvement of urban and rural agriculture water supplies, its water and land resources can be managed to meet increasing and diversifying demands of agricultural, industrial, municipal and environment users.\n<br>The first step, for individual Africa nations, following from their respective unique characteristics, is to arrive at a formative Irrigated Agriculture Investment Code, something akin to a contract between the State and the farmers on how to develop irrigated, in addition to a robust Stewardship Policy that engages and obliges both the State and the farmer to specific responsibilities. \n<br>Irrespective, nevertheless, of how these responsibilities are distributed, respective States should gazette and develop select areas into public irrigation farmlands, and, owing to its resource capacity, develop and invest in water infrastructure, including but not limited to conveyance systems taking water to far areas, plus surface and underground storage infrastructure like tanks or valley dams. \n<br>There is always the issue of land wrangles that immediately rise associated to the State’s involvement, which could hinder the availability of land. It is a problem throughout Africa. But this issue of land holdings must be addressed by effectively allocating and guaranteeing secure property rights to land assorted for irrigation development. \n<br>Encouraging the formation of Water User Associations to locally manage water flow, collect fees for its use, and repatriate an agreed percentage to the State will equally build confidence.  \n<br>With infrastructure in place, the African States should prioritize offering Continuing Training in Agronomy and Farm Management, researching and disseminating efficient irrigation and drainage systems, paying for the irrigation network and pricing water usage according to water-saving requirements. \n<br>States should also offer incentives for proper water management through rational tariff and cost recovery, provide credit services, and subsidize costs of irrigation equipment, eventually guaranteeing market and prices of select irrigated crops through contracts and a stabilization fund. \n<br>In turn, it will be the farmer’s obligation to irrigate and farm their land according to National Economic interests. Besides repaying the State an agreed percentage of her investment costs while assuming 100% of operation and maintenance costs through paying land improvement tax and volumetric water charges, famers will be required to expand the useable supply of water through harvesting, recycling and/or reclaiming water for irrigation.",
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      "body": "<br>My experimental study of how effective Clay pot irrigation can work for tomatoes finally ended on Monday, after which i started on and have just finished writing the paper. \n<center>https://steemitimages.com/DQmXFXgdEww5rCXu1AqTo1VhzJdftKYQjfBSS8UFvwhf19X/image.png</center>\n<br>Meanwhile here i would like to share an abstract of the paper which i have already sent out to a science Journal. Hopefully it will be considered and published as i have put in quiet a lot of time (averagely 5 months)  and effort. \n<br>*Note:- The study was done with support from the Agricultural Mechanization and Irrigation Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Busitema University, P.O. Box 236 Tororo, Uganda*\n<H5>Introduction</H5>\nErratic and deficit rainfall patterns specific to fragile eco-systems of arid/semi-arid regions adversely impact on household food security. Inherent competitions for scarce resources ensures poor biomass turnover and make Agriculture risky. Site-specific Irrigation is the most sustainable means of radically enabling production and revitalizing productivity even on marginal ands.\n<H5>Materials and methods</H5>\nPorous clay capsule irrigation combines the original concept of burying clay pots filled with water and the principles of modern drip irrigation. The unglazed/porous clay flower pots are rim glued, plumbed and fitted with connectors and tubing to establish a distribution network fed by a water reserve. \n<br>Water availability extremes adversely impact on crop performance, but the self-regulating clay capsule system, once buried in soil only allows water to seep out at rates dictated by crop water need, atmospheric pressure, and soil water affinity. \n<br>The annexure of elevated water storage enables a switch-off from atmospheric pressure to technically enable this specific design to primitively perform modern \"low pressure drip irrigation.\" \n<br>For qualitative/quantitative investigation, relevant literature was reviewed, basic soil/water  tests and experimentation done on tomatoes by varying types, sizes and spacing of clay pots and plants on 30 sq. ft. trial beds using randomized block design replication. Water requirements were quantified, crop yields assessed under various water supply regimes. \n<H5>Findings</H5>\nCrop and system performance were recorded, projected and compared to other conventional systems like the watering Can. Consequently, 4 and 8 inch rim diameter pots gave the best balance between size, ease of use, efficiency and affordability; managing to deliver about 0.5-1 gallon of water in approximately 8-12 hours to serve 4-6 plants adjacent individual capsules and saving about 70% of water in comparison to other conventional irrigation systems. \n<br>Moreover, even saline water of up to 14 dS/m was found usable for growing salt-sensitive tomatoes. 175 tomato plants, irrigated by about 70 clay capsules on 100 m2 plot could be optimally served by about 45 gallons/day of water relayed from a 55 gallon drum reservoir to produce tomatoes approximately 0.7 tons/100m 2 and 30 tons/acre. \n<br>True, upper limits of crop production are set by natural climatic conditions and crop genetic potential, but how closely this limit is reached depends on how tactfully engineering aspects of artificial water supply meet biological crop water needs. \n<H5>Conclusion</H5>\nA complete set of this system, costing about 500,000-1,000,000 Ugx depending on acreage, while excluding the expensive pressurized pump and using local clay pots, trash cans as water regulators is tailor-made to sufficiently meet in quantity and time, water needs vital for optimum small-holder vegetable/cereal/fruit plant growth under arid/semi-arid conditions. \n<br>It realizes ideals of sustainable resource utilization, viable economics and compatibility to traditional farming mentalities to increase economic biomass production per unit of water, and cropping intensity for maximum cropland returns.\n***\n<H4>Related works</H4>\n[FARMER TALK - ICT’s and automated irrigation systems are a synergy to reckon with.](https://steemit.com/steemstem/@steemitseed/farmer-talk-ict-s-and-automated-irrigation-systems-are-a-synergy-to-reckon-with)\n[Tutorial #1 - Basic steps to design a Drip Irrigation system (10m×10m) for tomato growing](https://steemit.com/gardening/@steemitseed/basic-steps-to-design-a-drip-irrigation-system-10m-10m-for-tomato-growing)\n[Tutorial #2 - Basic steps for laying out irrigation system](https://steemit.com/food/@steemitseed/tutorial-2-basic-steps-for-laying-out-irrigation-system)\n[Tutorial #3 - How frequently should you irrigate/water your tomatoes?](https://steemit.com/gardening/@steemitseed/tutorial-3-how-frequently-should-you-irrigate-water-your-tomatoes)\n[Tutorial #4 - How to tell you have over-watered/over irrigated your tomatoes]()\n[Tutorial #5 - For free! - Complete fixed sprinkler irrigation system Design for 1.8 acres (Drawings/specifications)](https://steemit.com/gardening/@steemitseed/tutorial-4-for-free-complete-fixed-sprinkler-irrigation-system-design-for-1-8-acres-drawings-specifications)",
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