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      "body": "1. iptables 란? \n  \niptables는 리눅스상에서 방화벽을 설정하는 도구로서 커널 2.4 이전 버전에서 사용되던 ipchains를 대신하는 방화벽 도구이다. \niptables는 커널상에서의 netfilter 패킷필터링 기능을 사용자 공간에서 제어하는 수준으로 사용할 수 있다. \n  \n패킷필터링이란 지나가는 패킷의 해더를 보고 그 전체 패킷의 운명을 결정하는 것을 말한다. \n일반적으로 패킷은 해더와 데이터를 가진다. \n해더에 필터링할 정보인 출발지IP:PORT, 도착지IP:PORT, checksum, 프로토콜 옵션등을 가지며 데이터는 각각의 전송데이터가 들어간다. \n  \n특정 조건을 가지고 있는 패킷에 대해 허용(ACCEPT)과 차단(DROP)등을 지정할 수 있으며, 특정 조건등을 통해 다양한 방식의 패킷 필터링과 처리 방식을 지원한다. \n  \niptables 정책은 여러 구분으로 나눠지며 중요한 부분은 Chain이다. \nChain은 패킷이 조작될 상태를 지정하며 iptables에 내장된 기본 Chain은 다음과 같다. \n(기본 Chain은 영구적이며 삭제가 불가능하다. 이외에 -N 옵션으로 지정하는 사용자 정의 Chain이 있다.) \n  \nChain INPUT : 서버로 들어오는 기본 정책 \nChain FORWARD : 서버에서 forwarding 기본 정책 \nChain OUTPUT : 서버에서 나가는 기본 정책 \n------> INPUT ------> Linux Server ------> OUTPUT ------> \n    |          |  \n    +------------- FORWARD ---------------+  \n  \n\nLinux Server를 목적지로 삼는 모든 패킷은 INPUT Chain을 통과하고 \nLinux Server에서 생성되 외부로 보내지는 모든 패킷은 OUTPUT Chain을 통과하게 된다. \nFORWARD Chain의 경우 현재의 Linux Server가 목적지가 아닌 패킷이 통과하는 Chain이다. \n(FORWARD Chain은 NAT(네트워크 공유) 기능 사용을 위해 사용된다.) \n  \n  \n2 iptables의 구조 \n  \n먼저 iptables에 대해 살펴보도록 하자. \niptables는 다음의 구조로 구성된다. \niptables -A INPUT -s [발신지] --sport [발신지 포트] -d [목적지] --dport [목적지 포트] -j [정책] \n  \niptables 명령 \n-A : 새로운 규칙을 추가한다. \n-D : 규칙을 삭제한다. \n-C : 패킷을 테스트한다. \n-I : 새로운 규칙을 삽입한다. \n-R : 새로운 규칙으로 교체한다. \n-L : 새로운 규칙을 출력한다. \n-F : 체인의 모든 규칙을 삭제한다. \n-Z : 모든 체인의 패킷과 바이트 카운터 값을 0으로 만든다. \n-N : 새로운 체인을 만든다. \n-X : 체인을 삭제한다. \n-P : 기본 정책을 변경한다. \n  \niptables 옵션 \n-p : 패킷의 프로토콜의 포트번호 또는 이름을 명시한다. (ex : tcp, udp, 21, 22) \n-s : 패킷의 발신지를 명시한다. (ex : address[/mask]) \n-d : 패킷의 도착지를 명시한다. \n-i : 규칙을 적용할 인터페이스 이름을 명시한다. (ex : eth0, eth1) \n-j : 규칙에 맞는 패킷을 어떻게 처리할 것인가를 명시한다. \n-y : 접속 요청 패킷인 SYN 패킷을 허용하지 않는다. \n-f : 두 번째 이후의 조각에 대해 규칙을 명시한다. \n\n  \n  \n3 iptables 규칙 추가 \n  \n예를 들어 만약 127.0.0.1 즉, 로컬에서 요청하는 모든 ICMP 패킷에 대해 무시하고자 할 때 어떻게 하면 될까? \nping 요청에 사용되는 프토토콜은 ICMP 프로토콜이며, 발신 주소는 127.0.0.1이다. \n패킷 필터의 목표는 폐기(DROP)이며, 사용하는 프로그램은 ping이다. \n이를 기반으로 룰을 만들면 다음과 같다. \n// 체인을 추가하기 전 iptables \n# iptables -L \n  Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) \n  target    prot opt source              destination \n  \n  Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) \n  target    prot opt source              destination \n  \n  Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) \n  target    prot opt source              destination \n  \n// 127.0.0.1 로 ping이 정상적으로 허용됨을 알 수 있다. \n# ping -c 3 127.0.0.1 \n  PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. \n  64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.029 ms \n  64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.028 ms \n  64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.026 ms \n  --- 127.0.0.1 ping statistics --- \n  3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 1998ms \n  rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.026/0.027/0.029/0.006 ms \n\n// 127.0.0.1 로 가는 ping을 거부하는 체인 추가 \n# iptables -A INPUT -s 127.0.0.1 -p icmp -j DROP \n  \n// iptables에 체인이 추가됨을 확인할 수 있다. \n# iptables -L  // 현재 iptables에 icmp DROP 룰이 적용되어 있다. \n  Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) \n  target      prot opt source                      destination \n  DROP      icmp --  SUNSYSTEM            anywhere \n  \n  Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) \n  target      prot opt source                    destination \n  \n  Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) \n  target      prot opt source                    destination \n  \n// ping이 거부됨을 확인할 수 있다. \n# ping -c 3 127.0.0.1 \n  PING 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. \n  \n  --- 127.0.0.1 ping statistics --- \n  3 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 2008ms \n  \n\n\n  \n4 iptables 규칙 제거 \n  \niptables의 체인 입력과 마찬가지로 삭제를 할 때에도 동일하게 입력하면 된다. \niptables -D INPUT -s [발신지] --sport [발신지 포트] -d [목적지] --dport [목적지 포트] -j [정책] \niptables -D INPUT [필터링 번호] \n(필터링 번호는 service iptables stat을 통해 확인할 수 있다.) \n※ iptables -F INPUT 을 입력할 경우 모든 체인이 삭제된다. \n  \n그러면 위에 입력했던 체인을 제거해보도록 하자. \n  \n# iptables -L \n  Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) \n  target      prot opt source                      destination \n  DROP      icmp --  SUNSYSTEM            anywhere \n  \n  Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) \n  target      prot opt source                      destination \n  \n  Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) \n  target      prot opt source                      destination \n\n# iptables -D INPUT 1 \n// iptables -D INPUT -s 127.0.0.1 -p icmp -j DROP를 사용해서 삭제할 수도 있다. \n  \n# iptables -L \n  Cain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) \n  target    prot opt source              destination \n  \n  Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) \n  target    prot opt source              destination \n  \n  Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) \n  target    prot opt source              destination \n\n  \n  \n5. iptables 정책 순서 \n  \n모든 방화벽은 순차적 실행이다. \n즉 등록 순서에 있어서 먼저 등록한 대해서 효력이 유효하기 때문에 등록시에는 순서가 매우 중요하다. \n모든 입출력 패킷에 대해 거부하는 설정이 먼저 등록되면 그 이후에 포트를 열어주는 설정을 하여도 효과가 없다. \n그러므로 허용하는 정책을 먼저 정의한 다음 거부하는 정책을 설정해야 한다. \n  \n// 아래와 같이 설정하면 우선적으로 22번 포트가 열린 후 나중에 22번~30번 포트가 막히기 때문에 SSH 접속이 가능하다. \n# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT \n# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22:30 -j DROP \n  \n# iptables -L \n  Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) \n  target        prot opt source                destination \n  ACCEPT    tcp  --  anywhere            anywhere            tcp dpt:ssh \n  DROP        tcp  --  anywhere            anywhere            tcp dpts:ssh:30 \n\n// 아래와 같이 설정하면 우선적으로 22번~30번 포트가 막히기 때문에 뒤에서 아무리 22번 포트를 열어도 외부에서 SSH로 \n접속할 수 없게 된다. \n// iptables로 입력할 경우 바로 적용이 되기 때문에 원격에서 작업할 경우엔 주의하자. \n# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22:30 -j DROP \n# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT \n  \n\n  \n  \n6. 서비스를 위한 기본 설정 \n  \n처음 설치시 방화벽을 설정하면 /etc/sysconfig/iptables 파일이 생성된다. \n디폴트 iptables 파일을 삭제한 후 아래의 포트를 추가하도록 하자 \n// 기존 iptables 파일 제거 \n# rm -rf /etc/sysconfig/iptables \n  rm: remove 일반 파일 `/etc/sysconfig/iptables\"? y \n  \n// iptables 정책 추가 \n# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 20 -j ACCEPT  // ftp-data \n# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT  // ftp \n# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT  // ssh \n# iptables -A INPUT -p udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT  // named \n# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT  // http \n# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 110 -j ACCEPT  // pop3 \n# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 143 -j ACCEPT  //imap \n# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT  // mysql \n# iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j DROP // ping에 대한 응답 거부 \n# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 1:65335 -j DROP // 서비스포트 모두 거부 \n  \n// iptables 확인 \n# iptables -L \n  Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) \n  target    prot opt source              destination \n  ACCEPT    tcp  --  anywhere            anywhere            tcp dpt:ftp-data \n  ACCEPT    tcp  --  anywhere            anywhere            tcp dpt:ftp \n  ACCEPT    tcp  --  anywhere            anywhere            tcp dpt:ssh \n  ACCEPT    udp  --  anywhere            anywhere            udp dpt:domain \n  ACCEPT    tcp  --  anywhere            anywhere            tcp dpt:http \n  ACCEPT    tcp  --  anywhere            anywhere            tcp dpt:pop3 \n  ACCEPT    tcp  --  anywhere            anywhere            tcp dpt:imap \n  ACCEPT    tcp  --  anywhere            anywhere            tcp dpt:mysql \n  DROP        icmp --  anywhere            anywhere            icmp echo-request \n  DROP        tcp  --  anywhere            anywhere            tcp dpts:tcpmux:65335 \n  \n  Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) \n  target    prot opt source              destination \n  \n  Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) \n  target    prot opt source              destination \n\n// iptables 를 저장 \n# service iptables save \n  방화벽 규칙을 /etc/sysconfig/iptables에 저장 중:          [  OK  ] \n  \n# ls /etc/sysconfig/iptables* \n  /etc/sysconfig/iptables  /etc/sysconfig/iptables-config \n\n// iptables 재시작 \n# service iptables start \n  방화벽 규칙을 삭제하는 중:                                              [  OK  ] \n  chains를 ACCEPT 규칙으로 설정함: filter                          [  OK  ] \n  iptables 모듈을 제거하는 중:                                            [  OK  ] \n  iptables 방화벽 규칙들을 적용하는 중:                              [  OK  ] \n  추가 iptables 모듈을 읽어오는 중: ip_conntrack_netbios_ns  [  OK  ] \n\n// iptables 상태 \n# service iptables status \n  테이블: filter \n  Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) \n  num  target    prot opt source              destination \n  1    ACCEPT    tcp  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          tcp dpt:20 \n  2    ACCEPT    tcp  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          tcp dpt:21 \n  3    ACCEPT    tcp  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          tcp dpt:22 \n  4    ACCEPT    udp  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          udp dpt:53 \n  5    ACCEPT    tcp  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          tcp dpt:80 \n  6    ACCEPT    tcp  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          tcp dpt:110 \n  7    ACCEPT    tcp  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          tcp dpt:143 \n  8    ACCEPT    tcp  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          tcp dpt:3306 \n  9    DROP        icmp --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          icmp type 8 \n  10  DROP        tcp  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0          tcp dpts:1:65335 \n  \n  Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) \n  num  target    prot opt source              destination \n  \n  Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) \n  num  target    prot opt source              destination \n\n// nmap 포트 스캔 \n# nmap localhost \n  Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/) at 2009-04-14 13:45 KST \n  Interesting ports on SUNSYSTEM (127.0.0.1): \n  Not shown: 1673 filtered ports \n  PORT    STATE  SERVICE \n  20/tcp  closed ftp-data \n  21/tcp  closed ftp \n  22/tcp  open  ssh \n  80/tcp  closed http \n  110/tcp  open  pop3 \n  143/tcp  closed imap \n  3306/tcp open  mysql \n\n  \n\n  \n  \n7. iptables의 확장 \n1초동안 80포트에 똑같은 IP가 10번 이상의 SYN가 들어오면 드랍시킨다. \n(즉, 정상적인 요청이 아닌 웹서비스 공격으로 간주하여 요청패킷을 폐기시켜 응답하지 않도록 한다.) \n이외의 자세한 사항은 http://netfilter.org의 HOWTO를 읽어보길 바란다. \n# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -m recent --update --seconds 1 --hitcount 10 --name HTTP -j DROP \n\n\n\n\n\n스티밋에서의 큐레이션이 목적이 아니라.\n평소 기록해둔 개발관련 내용을 블로깅 하는중입니다.\n\n해당 포스팅의 출처를 찾기 어려워서 기록하지 못했습니다.\n해당 포스팅의 제작자라면 출처를 알려주세요~",
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      "title": "python kalman filter install  / 파이썬 칼만필터 설치 / 라즈베리파이",
      "body": "kalman fileter install\n\nsudo apt-get install python-numpy python-scipy python-matplotlib ipython ipython-notebook python-pandas python-sympy python-nose\n\n\n참고\nhttp://blog.pistuffing.co.uk/tag/kalman/\nhttp://pykalman.github.io/#\nhttps://pypi.python.org/pypi/filterpy#downloads\n\nscipy 관련 내용\nhttp://www.scipy.org/install.html\n\n설치-git (armv7 오류)\nhttps://github.com/rlabbe/filterpy\n\n칼만필터설치\nhttp://pykalman.github.io/#installation\nsudo pip install pykalman\n\n\n\n\n============================================\n#!/usr/bin/env python\n# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-\n\nfrom pykalman import KalmanFilter\nimport numpy as np\n\nkf = KalmanFilter(transition_matrices = [[1, 1], [0, 1]], observation_matrices = [[0.1, 0.5], [-0.3, 0.0]])\nmeasurements = np.asarray([[1,0], [0,0], [0,1]])  # 3 observations\nkf = kf.em(measurements, n_iter=5)\n(filtered_state_means, filtered_state_covariances) = kf.filter(measurements)\n(smoothed_state_means, smoothed_state_covariances) = kf.smooth(measurements)\n\nprint filtered_state_means\nprint \"\"\nprint smoothed_state_means\n\n============================================\n\n\n\npost : https://solenerotech.wordpress.com/",
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      "title": "[구동확인] RPI-AP Setting / DHCP Setting",
      "body": "===========================\n패키지 설치\n===========================\nsudo apt-get update\n\n\nsudo apt-get install bridge-utils hostapd hostap-utils dnsmasq  iw\n\nsudo apt-get install udhcpd\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n===========================\n기존의 hostapd를 교체 - 랜카드 드라이버로 인하여 (호환되는 랜카드 드라이버찾아야함 - 첨부된것은 iptime U100N Mini)\n===========================\n\n자료첨부 : 20150514182731_hostapd.zip\n\n\nwget http://www.daveconroy.com/wp3/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/hostapd.zip\nunzip hostapd.zip\n\n혹시라도 작동중일지도 모르는, hostapd를 정지시키고 교체합니다.\nsudo service hostapd stop\nsudo cp hostapd /usr/sbin/hostapd\n\n\n\n\n\n\n====================================\n네트웍 설정\n====================================\n/etc/network\n\n아래는 랜선1, 무선랜1, 무선랜2 이며 무선랜2번에 AP를 부여하는 경우이다\n\nauto lo\niface lo inet loopback\n\nauto eth0\nallow-hotplug eth0\niface eth0 inet manual\n\n\n# Internet Access\nauto wlan0\nallow-hotplug wlan0\niface wlan0 inet manual\nwpa-roam /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf\n\n\n# Access point\niface wlan1 inet static\n   #bridge_ports eth0 wlan1\n   address 192.168.50.1\n   broadcast 192.168.50.255\n   netmask 255.255.255.0\n\nup iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.ipv4.nat\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n====================================\n/etc/default/udhcpd\n====================================\nDHCPD_ENABLED=\"yes\"\n\n\n\n\n\n====================================\n/etc/udhcpd.conf\n====================================\n\nstart        192.168.50.2    #default: 192.168.0.20\nend        192.168.50.254    #default: 192.168.0.254\n\ninterface    wlan1        #default: eth0\n\nmax_leases\t254\t\t#default: 254\n\nremaining\tyes\t\t#default: yes\n\nauto_time\t7200\t\t#default: 7200 (2 hours)\n\nlease_file\t/var/lib/misc/udhcpd.leases\t#defualt: /var/lib/misc/udhcpd.leases\npidfile\t/var/run/udhcpd.pid\t#default: /var/run/udhcpd.pid\n\nopt\tdns\t192.168.50.2 192.168.50.255\noption    subnet    255.255.255.0\nopt    router    192.168.50.1\n#opt    wins    192.168.10.10\n#option    dns    129.219.13.81    # appened to above DNS servers for a total of 3\noption    domain    local\noption    lease    864000        # 10 days of seconds\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n====================================\nHost AP 설정\n====================================\n/etc/default/hostapd\n\nDAEMON_CONF=\"/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf\"\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n====================================\nHost AP 환경설정\n====================================\n/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf\n\n\ninterface=wlan1\ndriver=rtl871xdrv\nbridge=wlan1\n\n#parametes so that the daemon runs\nctrl_interface=/var/run/hostapd\nctrl_interface_group=0\n\n#the wifi configuration\nssid=ICARUSX-RPI-AP\nchannel=6\nhw_mode=g\n\n#Security of the Wifi conection\nwpa=1\nwpa_passphrase=ajdcjddl\nwpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK\nwpa_pairwise=TKIP CCMP\n\n#Other setting\nrsn_pairwise=CCMP\nauth_algs=3\nmacaddr_acl=0\nbeacon_int=100\nwmm_enabled=1\nwme_enabled=1\n\n\n\n\n====================================\n/etc/resolv.conf\n====================================\nnameserver 61.41.153.2\nnameserver 1.214.68.2\n\n\n\n\n====================================\n/etc/sysctl.conf\n====================================\nnet.ipv4.ip_forward=1\n\n\n\n\n====================================\n/etc/rc.local\n====================================\n\n#AP\nsudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE\nsudo iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o wlan1 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT\nsudo iptables -A FORWARD -i wlan1 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT\n\n\n\n\n\n====================================\n/etc/dnsmasq.conf\n====================================\n\n#no-resolv\ndomain-needed\ninterface=wlan1\ndhcp-range=192.168.50.2,192.168.50.254,255.255.255.0,12h\n\n\n# Override the default route supplied by dnsmasq, which assumes the\n# router is the same machine as the one running dnsmasq.\n#dhcp-option=3,1.2.3.4\ndhcp-option=3,192.168.50.1\n\n\n\n====================================\n필수아님\n====================================\nPython-nmap 설치\n====================================\nsudo apt-get install python-nmap\n\n\n     //NMap 을 이용한 스캔\n\n      import nmap\n      nm = nmap.PortScanner()\n      nm.scan( arguments = \"-v -sP 192.168.50.*\" )\n      for addr in nm.all_hosts() :\n          item = nm[ addr ]\n          v = [ addr, item.hostname(), item.state() ]\n          print v,\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n===========================\nApache 추가설정\n===========================\n     apache : /etc/httpd.conf\n     apache2 : /etc/apache2/conf.d/localized-error-pages\n\n     ErrorDocument 404 /missing.html\n     주석 제거 , 원하는 파일 생성 처리\n\n\n===========================\n서비스재시작\n===========================\n\n/etc/init.d/networking restart\n\nsudo service networking restart\nsudo service hostapd restart\nsudo service dnsmasq restart\nsudo service udhcpd restart",
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      "permlink": "python-tg9e",
      "title": "python TG9e 서버모터 구동",
      "body": "부품\n\n     TG9e 서버모터\n\n\nhttp://icarusx.com/icarusx/upload/app/20140917/MIDDLE/20140917020118_app.jpg\n\nhttp://icarusx.com/icarusx/upload/app/20140917/LARGE/20140917020126_app.jpg\n\n     여러 가지 연결해둔 상태라 참고만.\n\n     해당 TF9e 서버모터는 3개 핀을 이용\n\n     전선이 위로/모터날개가 위에서 보이는 방향을 기준으로\n\n     GND,VCC,GPIO Pin  순으로 연결\n\n     별도 노이즈에 대해 주워들은바로 4.7k옴 을 +,Gpio 연결선에 추가\n\n     또는 Vcc,Gnd 에 캐패시터 를 연결 하여 노이즈를 제거한다함\n\n\n\n\n개요\n\n    파이썬을 통해 코딩\n\n    TG9e 서버모터 2개를 연결후 전원을 인가.\n\n    주의할점은.. 서버모터를 핸들링 하지않는 상태에서 GPIO.setup , 전원인가시\n    별도의 노이즈 필터링 처리를 하지않은경우.\n\n    전력소모 또는 구동되지 않는 상태에서 모터에 부가되는 노이즈로 지지직거림\n\n    때문에 해당 코딩은 서버모터를 제어시 GPIO에 대한 setup 후 모터를 구동\n\n\n소스\n\n         #!/usr/bin/env python\n         # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-\n\n         import RPi.GPIO as GPIO\n         import time\n\n\n         GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)\n\n\n         servoHz = 50\n         servo1 = 17\n         servo2 = 27\n\n\n         #서보 번호\n         servoChk = input(\"Please Servo Number 1 or 2 \")\n         if servoChk == 1:\n            servoNum = servo1\n         elif servoChk == 2:\n            servoNum = servo2\n\n\n         #서보회전값\n         servoVal = input(\"Please Rotate Number - Now %d Hz / Now 5, Min 1, Max 13 \" % (servoHz))\n         if servoVal >= 0:\n\n            GPIO.setup(servoNum, GPIO.OUT)\n            pServo = GPIO.PWM(servoNum,servoHz)\n            pServo.start(5)\n\n            #pServo.ChangeFrequency(servoHz)\n\n            pServo.ChangeDutyCycle(servoVal)\n            time.sleep(0.1)\n\n\n            #      for dc in range(0, 101, 5):\n            #         print dc\n            #         pServo.ChangeDutyCycle(dc)\n            #         time.sleep(0.1)\n\n\n            pServo.stop()\n         else:\n            GPIO.cleanup()\n\n\n         pServo.ChangeFrequency(50)\n         pServo.stop()\n\n         GPIO.cleanup()![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmNQ1vxQn2LYksP3FAb5KPMHaTTymMVsHGE8MwDtMXhYn1/image.png)",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"tg9e\",\"python\"],\"image\":[\"http://icarusx.com/icarusx/upload/app/20140917/MIDDLE/20140917020118_app.jpg\",\"http://icarusx.com/icarusx/upload/app/20140917/LARGE/20140917020126_app.jpg\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
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}

{
  "trx_id": "c2cffd610e039561b2c1929997affe79ec444ac9",
  "block": 19136436,
  "trx_in_block": 38,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-01-20T06:53:03",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "apache",
      "author": "skysparrow",
      "permlink": "apache2-cgi",
      "title": "Apache2 서버에 CGI 셋팅",
      "body": "mkdir /var/cgi-bin\n\n\n\nand create a file called /var/cgi-bin/echo.pl with the following content:\n\n\n#!/usr/bin/perl\nuse strict;\nuse warnings;\nprint qq(Content-type: text/plain ); \nprint \"hi \";\n\n\n\nchomd +x /var/cgi-bin/echo.pl\n# /var/cgi-bin/echo.pl\nContent-type: text/plain\n\nhi\n\n\n\n\nApache /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf\n\n\n<VirtualHost *:80>\n        ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost\n        DocumentRoot /var/www\n\n        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log\n        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined\n</VirtualHost>\n\n와 같은 형식에 내부에 아래 내용을 추가\n   ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /var/cgi-bin/\n   <Directory \"/var/cgi-bin\">\n      AllowOverride None\n      Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch\n      Require all granted\n   </Directory>\n   \n   \n   \n   \nCGI 모듈 활성화\n\n# ls -l /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/ | grep cgi\n# ls -l /etc/apache2/mods-available/ | grep cgi\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   115 Jul 20  2013 cgid.conf\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    60 Jul 20  2013 cgid.load\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    58 Jul 20  2013 cgi.load\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    89 Jul 20  2013 proxy_fcgi.load\n-rw-r--r-- 1 root root    89 Jul 20  2013 proxy_scgi.load\n\n\n\n\nCGI 모듈 링크\n\n# ln -s /etc/apache2/mods-available/cgid.load /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/\n# ln -s /etc/apache2/mods-available/cgid.conf /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/\n\n# ls -l /etc/apache2/mods-enabled/ | grep cgi\nlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 37 Mar 19 14:39 cgid.conf -> /etc/apache2/mods-available/cgid.conf\nlrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 37 Mar 19 14:39 cgid.load -> /etc/apache2/mods-available/cgid.load\n   \n\n\n\n서비스 재 시작\n\n# service apache2 reload",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"apache\",\"server\",\"cgi\",\"setting\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
    }
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}

{
  "trx_id": "a40d5eacbcdff15b0ca136253a27761c64688924",
  "block": 19136313,
  "trx_in_block": 27,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-01-20T06:46:54",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "lg34200d",
      "author": "skysparrow",
      "permlink": "l3g4200d",
      "title": "파이썬 소켓통신 <=> L3G4200D 자이로센서 값 받기",
      "body": "파이썬 소켓통신 <=> L3G4200D 자이로센서 값 받기\n\n1. 자이로센서를 라즈베리 파이에 달아서 로컬에서 값을 받으려 할경우 쓰레드에서 제한적일수있다.\n2. 별로 소켓통신을 통해 자이로센서의 주기적 값을 받아오도록 한다.\n3. 서버+클라이언트 모두 아이피,포트를 마추어 실행하면되며\n    서버쪽 출력은 접근정보 만 나타남.\n\n    클라이언트 접근후 라즈베리 파이에 연결된 자이로센서의 움직임 값이 출력됨.\n\n    L3G4200D 자이로센서 강좌 :\n\n          http://icarusx.com/icarusx/index.php?BOARD=icarusx_raspberry#stMode=VIEW&stPage=1&stIdx=2937\n\n\t\n\n\n#######################################\n# 서버 + 자이로센서 \n# 파일명 : p_gryo_socket_s.py\n# 실   행 : p_gryo_socket_s.py 아이피 포트\n#######################################\n\n#!/usr/bin/python\n\nfrom socket import *\nfrom time import ctime\nfrom time import sleep\n#import smbus to access i2c port\nimport smbus\nimport string\nimport sys\n\n\n#converts 16 bit two\"s compliment reading to signed int\ndef getSignedNumber(number):\n   if number & (1 << 15):\n      return number | ~65535\n   else:\n      return number & 65535\n\n\ni2c_bus=smbus.SMBus(1)        #open /dev/i2c-1\ni2c_address=0x69              #i2c slave address of the L3G4200D\ni2c_bus.write_byte_data(i2c_address,0x20,0x0F)        #normal mode and all axes on to control reg1\ni2c_bus.write_byte_data(i2c_address,0x23,0x20)        #full 2000dps to control reg4\n\n\nHOST = sys.argv[1]\nPORT = int(sys.argv[2])\nBUFSIZ = 1024\nADDR = (HOST, PORT)\n \ntcpSerSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)\ntcpSerSock.bind(ADDR)\ntcpSerSock.listen(5)\n\n\nwhile True:\n   print \"waiting for connection...\"\n   tcpCliSock, addr = tcpSerSock.accept()\n   print \"...connected from:\", addr\n\n\n   while True:\n      i2c_bus.write_byte(i2c_address,0x28)\n      X_L = i2c_bus.read_byte(i2c_address)\n      i2c_bus.write_byte(i2c_address,0x29)\n      X_H = i2c_bus.read_byte(i2c_address)\n      X = X_H << 8 | X_L\n\n      i2c_bus.write_byte(i2c_address,0x2A)\n      Y_L = i2c_bus.read_byte(i2c_address)\n      i2c_bus.write_byte(i2c_address,0x2B)\n      Y_H = i2c_bus.read_byte(i2c_address)\n      Y = Y_H << 8 | Y_L\n\n      i2c_bus.write_byte(i2c_address,0x2C)\n      Z_L = i2c_bus.read_byte(i2c_address)\n      i2c_bus.write_byte(i2c_address,0x2D)\n      Z_H = i2c_bus.read_byte(i2c_address)\n      Z = Z_H << 8 | Z_L\n\n      X = getSignedNumber(X)\n      Y = getSignedNumber(Y)\n      Z = getSignedNumber(Z)\n\n#      tcpCliSock.send(\"%s,%s,%s\" % (string.rjust(`X`, 10),string.rjust(`Y`, 10),string.rjust(`Z`, 10)))\n      tcpCliSock.send(\"%s,%s,%s\" % (X,Y,Z))\n      sleep(0.02)\n\n\n   tcpCliSock.close()\ntcpSerSock.close()\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n#######################################\n# 클라이언트 \n# 파일명 : p_gryo_socket_c.py\n# 실   행 : p_gryo_socket_c.py 아이피 포트\n#######################################\n\n#!/usr/bin/env python\n \nfrom socket import *\nimport sys\n\nHOST = sys.argv[1]\nPORT = int(sys.argv[2])\nBUFSIZ = 1024\nADDR = (HOST, PORT)\n\ntcpCliSock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)\ntcpCliSock.connect(ADDR)\n\nwhile True:\n    data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZ)\n    print data,\" \"\n\ntcpCliSock.close()",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"lg34200d\",\"python\",\"import\",\"converts\",\"open\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
    }
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{
  "trx_id": "153c0adc11e7a6bdbb4eb1593e3ec2db8a523668",
  "block": 19136204,
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-01-20T06:41:24",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "neo6m",
      "author": "skysparrow",
      "permlink": "gps-module-gy-gps6mv2-neo-6m-gps",
      "title": "[검증완료] GPS-Module GY-GPS6MV2 셋팅 / NEO-6M / GPS 데이터 뽑아쓰기",
      "body": "http://icarusx.com/icarusx/upload/board/20150613/20150613151158_00531_raspberry_pi_neo6m_gpsmodul.jpg\n\n주의! 건물내에서 실행하면, 전혀 연결이나 데이터값이 들어오지않는다.\n필히! 건물외부에서 테스트 하길 바라며.\n\n해당 GPS모듈의 뒷판 과 안테나를 땜질해도 무관하다\n\n\n라즈베리파이 raspi-config 를 통해서 시리얼 통신을 꼭 꺼야한다\n\n\n부팅후 - GPS가 잡히지  않는경우 - 이부분을 찾는데 고생좀했다.\n\n1. stty -F /dev/ttyAMA0 9600 명령후 확인해본다\n2. gpsd -n -G -F /var/run/gpsd.sock -P /var/run/gpsd.pid /dev/ttyAMA0 프로세스를 다시 실행해보고 확인한다 (기존프로세스는 죽여야함)\n\n\n\n================================\n스펙\n================================\nUBlox Brand NEO-6M\nEEPROM to maintain user settings\nCompatible with AMP2 and APM2.5 \nOperating Voltage: 5V\nBaud Rate: 9600\nBrand new in antistatic bag. \nDimensions:\nAntenna: 9x25x25mm\nModule/Encoder: 4x26x36mm\nWeight: 18g\n4 Mounting holes to suit M3 Bolts\n\n\n\n==========================================\n공통 GPS 셋팅\n==========================================\n참고 : http://www.dominicwormald.co.uk/2015/03/07/gps-module-gy-gps6mv2/\n참고 : http://www.jamesrobertson.eu/blog/2014/jul/02/using-a-raspberry-pi-with-a-ublox-flight-cont.html\n\n\n라즈베리파이 raspi-config > 시리얼통신 중지\n\n핀배열\n         Raspberry Pi - 5v -> GPS Module - VIN\n         Raspberry Pi - GND -> GPS Module - GND\n         Raspberry Pi - Tx -> GPS Module - Rx\n         Raspberry Pi - Rx -> GPS Module - Tx\n\n\n\n\n==========================================\nGPS 셋팅\n==========================================\n/boot/cmdline.txt\n         삭제 - GPIO 로 해당 속도가 구동않됨\n         console=ttyAMA0,115200 kgdboc=ttyAMA0,115200\n\n/etc/inittab\n         비활성화\n         #T0:23:respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyAMA0 115200 vt100\n\n\n\n/etc/default/gpsd\n         # Default settings for gpsd.\n         # Please do not edit this file directly - use `dpkg-reconfigure gpsd\" to\n         # change the options.\n         START_DAEMON=\"true\"\n         GPSD_OPTIONS=\"-n -G\"\n         DEVICES=\"/dev/ttyAMA0\"\n         USBAUTO=\"false\"\n         GPSD_SOCKET=\"/var/run/gpsd.sock\"\n\n\n설치\n     sudo apt-get install gpsd gpsd-clients python-gps\n     sudo apt-get install minicom 설치\n\n\ngps 셋팅  *** 실제 이용시  stty -F /dev/ttyAMA0 9600 명령을 사용함에 셋팅은 하지 않아도 무관한듯 ****\n     minicom -s\n     메뉴에 따라 gps의 옵션을 지정\n\n\n     1. Serial port setup\n          A. Serial Device (데몬지정) : /dev/ttyAMA0\n          E. Bps/Par/Bits (속도지정) : 115200 \n     2. Save setup ad dfl\n     3. Exit\n     4. reboot\n\n\n부팅시 옵션 - /etc/default/gpsd 에서 옵션을 지정해주어도 정상적인 구동이 되지않는경우\n     1. stty -F /dev/ttyAMA0 9600 후 확인\n\n     2. 프로세스 gpsd -n -G -F /var/run/gpsd.sock -P /var/run/gpsd.pid /dev/ttyAMA0 를 죽이고\n          gpsd -n -G -F /var/run/gpsd.sock -P /var/run/gpsd.pid /dev/ttyAMA0 다시실행\n          후 확인\n\n     1,2 방법중 구동되는 방법을 부팅시 처리한다.\n\n          /etc/rc.local\n               sudo stty -F /dev/ttyAMA0 9600 라인추가   하였더니 구동않됨\n\n          sh 또는 python 으로 우회해서 실행해야한다.\n\n\n     python os 로 실행 -> 파이썬을 /etc/etc.rc.local 에서 실행\n          import os\n          os.system(\"sudo stty -F /dev/ttyAMA0 9600 &\")\n\n\n\n체크\n     cgps 를 통한   GPS상태체크\n     sudo cgps -s\n\n     gpsmon 를 통한   GPS상태체크\n     sudo gpsmon\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\ngpsd 데몬실행\n         gps 모듈은 디바이스 명칭이 ttyAMA0 이며\n         반드시 모듈과의 연동속도를 지정해주어야 한다.\n         이제품은 38400 baud rate가  기본 속도이다\n\nminicom -b 9600 -o -D /dev/ttyAMA0\nsudo gpsd /dev/ttyAMA0 -b \"B=9600\" -F /var/run/gpsd.sock\n\n\n\n\n\n==========================================\nwebiopi 를통한 GoogleMap 연동\n==========================================\n\ngit clone https://github.com/rasplay/googleMapGPS.git\n\ncd googleMapGPS\n\nGpsreceive.py : gpsd 에서 데이타를 받아 webiopi Server로 송신한다.\nindex.html : 웹화면으로 표시되는 메인 화면이다.\nwebiopi_script.py : 웹서버에서 참고하는 script 이다.\n\n/etc/webiopi/config\nmyscript = /home/pi/googleMapGPS/webiopi_script.py\ndoc-root = /home/pi/googleMapGPS\n\n\n재시작\nsudo service webiopi restart\n\n클라이언트 구동\nsudo python ./Gpsreceive.py\n\n웹기반 구글맵 정보\nhttp://IP:8000\n\n\n\n\n=================\n추가팁\n=================\nUART 인 경우\n$ sudo gpsd /dev/ttyAMA0 -F /var/run/gpsd.sock\n\n단, Ublox NEO-6/7 GPS 모듈인 경우 속도 설정 필요\n$ sudo gpsd /dev/ttyAMA0 -b “B=9600” -F /var/run/gpsd.sock\n\n부팅 시에 자동으로 실행하도록 설정하려면 dpkg-reconfigure gpsd 명령으로 설정하거나 /etc/default/gpsd 파일을 편집하여 다음과 비슷한 내용을 추가하면 된다.\nGPSD_OPTIONS=”/dev/AMA0 -b ”B=9600””\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n======================================================\nGPS 데이터 뽑아쓰기\n======================================================\n\n참고 : https://bigdanzblog.wordpress.com/2015/01/18/connecting-u-blox-neo-6m-gps-to-raspberry-pi/\n\nsudo cat /dev/ttyAMA0\n\ngpspipe -w -n 30 | grep -m 1 lat\n\n\nJQ 설치   20150616140218_jq1.3.tar.gz\n\n         curl -O http://stedolan.github.io/jq/download/source/jq-1.3.tar.gz\n         tar xfvz jq-1.3.tar.gz\n         cd jq-1.3\n         ./configure\n         make\n         make install\n         sudo cp jq /usr/bin\n\n\n\ngps값 반환\ngpspipe -w -n 30 | grep -m 1 lat | jq \".\"\n{\n  \"climb\": 0,\n  \"speed\": 3.41,\n  \"track\": 284.94,\n  \"epv\": 67.16,\n  \"epy\": 17.333,\n  \"epx\": 10.884,\n  \"alt\": -33.3,\n  \"class\": \"TPV\",\n  \"tag\": \"GLL\",\n  \"device\": \"/dev/ttyAMA0\",\n  \"mode\": 3,\n  \"time\": \"2015-06-16T04:49:37.000Z\",\n  \"ept\": 0.005,\n  \"lat\": 37.448068667,\n  \"lon\": 126.695746833\n}\n\n\n\n경도값만 반환\ngpspipe -w -n 30 | grep -m 1 lat | jq \".lat\"\n00.00000\n\n\n\n\n경위도 반환\ngpspipe -w -n 30 | grep -m 1 lat | jq \". | {lat,lon}\"\n{\n  \"lon\": 000.000000\n  \"lat\": 00.0000000\n}\n\n또는\n\ngpspipe -w -n 30 | grep -m 1 lat | jq \".lon,.lat\"\n000.00000\n00.000000\n\n\n\n\n\necho $(gpspipe -w -n 30 | grep -m 1 lat | jq \".lat\") $(gpspipe -w -n 30 | grep -m 1 lat | jq \".lon\")\n00.000000 000.0000000\n\n\n\necho \"http://google.com/maps/@lat=\"$(gpspipe-n 30 | grep -m 1 lat | jq \".lat\")\",\"$(gpspipe -w -n 30 | grep -m 1 lat | jq \".lon\")\nhttp://google.com/maps/@lat=00.00000,000.00000",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"neo6m\",\"gps\",\"module\",\"gps6mv2\",\"t0\"],\"image\":[\"http://icarusx.com/icarusx/upload/board/20150613/20150613151158_00531_raspberry_pi_neo6m_gpsmodul.jpg\"],\"links\":[\"http://www.dominicwormald.co.uk/2015/03/07/gps-module-gy-gps6mv2/\",\"http://www.jamesrobertson.eu/blog/2014/jul/02/using-a-raspberry-pi-with-a-ublox-flight-cont.html\",\"https://github.com/rasplay/googleMapGPS.git\",\"http://IP:8000\",\"https://bigdanzblog.wordpress.com/2015/01/18/connecting-u-blox-neo-6m-gps-to-raspberry-pi/\",\"http://google.com/maps/@lat=\",\"http://google.com/maps/@lat=00.00000,000.00000\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
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}

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      "parent_permlink": "rasberry",
      "author": "skysparrow",
      "permlink": "rasberry-fi-resolution-option",
      "title": "라즈베리파이 해상도 옵션 / rasberry fi resolution option",
      "body": "/boot/config.txt \n\n   hdmi_force_hotplug = 1\n   hdmi_group = 2\n   hdmi_mode = 58   # 여기서 해상도를 설정한다\n   hdmi_drive = 1 \n\n\n================================================\nhdmi_group=2 (DMT) 인 경우:\n주의 :최대 해상도는 1920x1200 @60 Hz (reduced blanking)\n================================================\n\nhdmi_mode=1    640x350    85 Hz\nhdmi_mode=2    640x400    85 Hz\nhdmi_mode=3    720x400    85 Hz\nhdmi_mode=4    640x480    60 Hz\nhdmi_mode=5    640x480    72 Hz\nhdmi_mode=6    640x480    75 Hz\nhdmi_mode=7    640x480    85 Hz\nhdmi_mode=8    800x600    56 Hz\nhdmi_mode=9    800x600    60 Hz\nhdmi_mode=10   800x600    72 Hz\nhdmi_mode=11   800x600    75 Hz\nhdmi_mode=12   800x600    85 Hz\nhdmi_mode=13   800x600   120 Hz\nhdmi_mode=14   848x480    60 Hz\nhdmi_mode=15   1024x768   43 Hz  DO NOT USE\nhdmi_mode=16   1024x768   60 Hz\nhdmi_mode=17   1024x768   70 Hz\nhdmi_mode=18   1024x768   75 Hz\nhdmi_mode=19   1024x768   85 Hz\nhdmi_mode=20   1024x768  120 Hz\nhdmi_mode=21   1152x864   75 Hz\nhdmi_mode=22   1280x768          Reduced blanking\nhdmi_mode=23   1280x768   60 Hz\nhdmi_mode=24   1280x768   75 Hz\nhdmi_mode=25   1280x768   85 Hz\nhdmi_mode=26   1280x768  120 Hz  Reduced blanking\nhdmi_mode=27   1280x800          Reduced blanking\nhdmi_mode=28   1280x800   60 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=29   1280x800   75 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=30   1280x800   85 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=31   1280x800  120 Hz  Reduced blanking\nhdmi_mode=32   1280x960   60 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=33   1280x960   85 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=34   1280x960  120 Hz  Reduced blanking\nhdmi_mode=35   1280x1024  60 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=36   1280x1024  75 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=37   1280x1024  85 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=38   1280x1024 120 Hz  Reduced blanking\nhdmi_mode=39   1360x768   60 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=40   1360x768  120 Hz  Reduced blanking\nhdmi_mode=41   1400x1050         Reduced blanking\nhdmi_mode=42   1400x1050  60 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=43   1400x1050  75 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=44   1400x1050  85 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=45   1400x1050 120 Hz  Reduced blanking\nhdmi_mode=46   1440x900          Reduced blanking\nhdmi_mode=47   1440x900   60 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=48   1440x900   75 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=49   1440x900   85 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=50   1440x900  120 Hz  Reduced blanking\nhdmi_mode=51   1600x1200  60 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=52   1600x1200  65 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=53   1600x1200  70 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=54   1600x1200  75 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=55   1600x1200  85 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=56   1600x1200 120 Hz  Reduced blanking\nhdmi_mode=57   1680x1050         Reduced blanking\nhdmi_mode=58   1680x1050  60 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=59   1680x1050  75 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=60   1680x1050  85 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=61   1680x1050 120 Hz  Reduced blanking\nhdmi_mode=62   1792x1344  60 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=63   1792x1344  75 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=64   1792x1344 120 Hz  Reduced blanking\nhdmi_mode=65   1856x1392  60 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=66   1856x1392  75 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=67   1856x1392 120 Hz  Reduced blanking\nhdmi_mode=68   1920x1200         Reduced blanking\nhdmi_mode=69   1920x1200  60 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=70   1920x1200  75 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=71   1920x1200  85 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=72   1920x1200 120 Hz  Reduced blanking\nhdmi_mode=73   1920x1440  60 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=74   1920x1440  75 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=75   1920x1440 120 Hz  Reduced blanking\nhdmi_mode=76   2560x1600         Reduced blanking\nhdmi_mode=77   2560x1600  60 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=78   2560x1600  75 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=79   2560x1600  85 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=80   2560x1600 120 Hz  Reduced blanking\nhdmi_mode=81   1366x768   60 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=82   1080p      60 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=83   1600x900          Reduced blanking\nhdmi_mode=84   2048x1152         Reduced blanking\nhdmi_mode=85   720p       60 Hz  \nhdmi_mode=86   1366x768          Reduced blanking",
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  "timestamp": "2018-01-20T06:32:54",
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  "block": 19135993,
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      "parent_permlink": "rasberryfi",
      "author": "skysparrow",
      "permlink": "ap-rasberry-pi-for-ap-wifi-ap",
      "title": "라즈베리파이를 AP 로 / Rasberry Pi for AP (wifi AP)",
      "body": "라즈베리파이를 AP 로 \n\n\nlsusb 실행\n\nRealtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8188CUS 802.11n WLAN Adapter  관련 장비가 있다면\nAP 로 활용이 가능함\n\n\n\n\n1. apt-get 업데이트\n\n   sudo apt-get update;\n   sudo apt-get upgrade -y\n\n\n2. 패키지설치\n\n   sudo apt-get install hostapd bridge-utils iw\n\n3. Network 설정\n\n   ** 혹시모를일에 대비해 백업\n   sudo cp /etc/network/interfaces /etc/network/interfaces.bak\n\n   \n   sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces\n\n\n      auto lo\n\n      iface lo inet loopback\n      iface eth0 inet dhcp\n\n      allow-hotplug wlan0\n      iface wlan0 inet dhcp\n\n      iface default inet dhcp\n\n      # Insert This For Wireless AP Mode\n      auto br0\n      iface br0 inet dhcp\n      bridge_ports eth0 wlan0\n\n4. hostap 설정\n\n   hostapd Package를 설치할때 생성된 \n   hostapd는 rtl8188 driver가 포함되어 있지 않다함\n\n   보통은 kernel에 driver가 포함된 hostapd를 사용해야 한다.\n   해당 소스를 구해서 컴파일 하면 되나, \n   우리는 이미 떠돌아다니는 컴파일 완료된 파일을 사용하여보자.\n\n\n5. 기존 hosttapd 백업하기\n\n   cd /usr/sbin\n   sudo cp /usr/sbin/hostapd /usr/sbin/hostapd.bak\n   sudo rm -f hostapd\n\n6. 컴파일된 hosttap 다운로드 및 실행 권한 부여\n\n   sudo wget http://dl.dropbox.com/u/1663660/hostapd/hostapd\n   sudo chown root:root hostapd\n   sudo chmod 755 hostapd\n\n7. 환경설정 파일 수정\n\n   wifi AP 설정\n      sudo nano /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf\n\n         interface=wlan0\n         driver=rtl871xdrv\n         bridge=br0\n         ssid=RPiAP \"무선AP명\"\n         channel=6\n         wmm_enabled=0\n         wpa=1\n         hw_mode=g\n         wpa_passphrase=\"AP암호\"\n\n         ## Key management algorithms ##\n         wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK\n         ## Set cipher suites (encryption algorithms) ##\n         ## TKIP = Temporal Key Integrity Protocol\n         ## CCMP = AES in Counter mode with CBC-MAC\n         wpa_pairwise=TKIP\n         rsn_pairwise=CCMP\n         ## Shared Key Authentication ##\n         auth_algs=1\n         ## Accept all MAC address ###\n         macaddr_acl=0\n\n\n   hostap 설정\n      sudo nano /etc/default/hostapd\n\n         # Defaults for hostapd initscript\n         #\n         # See /usr/share/doc/hostapd/README.Debian for information about alternative\n         # methods of managing hostapd.\n         #\n         # Uncomment and set DAEMON_CONF to the absolute path of a hostapd configuration\n         # file and hostapd will be started during system boot. An example configuration\n         # file can be found at /usr/share/doc/hostapd/examples/hostapd.conf.gz\n         #\n         DAEMON_CONF=”/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf”\n\n         # Additional daemon options to be appended to hostapd command:-\n         # -d show more debug messages (-dd for even more)\n         # -K include key data in debug messages\n         # -t include timestamps in some debug messages\n         #\n         # Note that -B (daemon mode) and -P (pidfile) options are automatically\n         # configured by the init.d script and must not be added to DAEMON_OPTS.\n         #\n         #DAEMON_OPTS=””\n\n8. 재시작\n\n   sudo service networking restart\n   sudo service hostapd restart",
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