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      "author": "steemitboard",
      "permlink": "steemitboard-notify-shermand100-20190622t151056000z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Congratulations @shermand100! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@shermand100/birthday1.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 1 year!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@shermand100) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=shermand100)_</sub>\n\n\n**Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:**\n<table><tr><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/the-steem-community-has-lost-an-epic-member-farewell-woflhart\"><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/64x128/https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmQWnM36SWCPGn98nY83M1ArgweMz5fnovQEp2E4FiDdug/Wolfhart_header.png\"></a></td><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/the-steem-community-has-lost-an-epic-member-farewell-woflhart\">The Steem community has lost an epic member! Farewell @woflhart!</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemtoolbar/@steemitboard/steemtoolbar-update-display-bug-fixed\"><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/64x128/http://i.cubeupload.com/7CiQEO.png\"></a></td><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemtoolbar/@steemitboard/steemtoolbar-update-display-bug-fixed\">SteemitBoard - Witness Update</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steem/@steemitboard/do-not-miss-the-coming-rocky-mountain-steem-meetup-and-get-a-new-community-badge\"><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/64x128/https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmUphCGZFWgt6bJ1XTtunV7esnwy6bxnGqcLcHAV3NEqnQ/meetup-rocky-mountain.png\"></a></td><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steem/@steemitboard/do-not-miss-the-coming-rocky-mountain-steem-meetup-and-get-a-new-community-badge\">Do not miss the coming Rocky Mountain Steem Meetup and get a new community badge!</a></td></tr></table>\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
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      "body": "Congratulations @shermand100! You have completed the following achievement on the Steem blockchain and have been rewarded with new badge(s) :\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/60x60/http://steemitboard.com/notifications/firstpayout.png</td><td>You got your First payout</td></tr>\n</table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@shermand100) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](http://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=shermand100)_</sub>\n<sub>_If you no longer want to receive notifications, reply to this comment with the word_ `STOP`</sub>\n\n\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
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      "title": "Cold Metal Storage, Guide for Metal DIY Crypto backups.",
      "body": "@@ -2125,16 +2125,19 @@\n osion.%0A%0A\n+## \n Not my u\n@@ -2149,16 +2149,17 @@\n guide -%0A\n+%0A\n I'm goin\n@@ -2266,16 +2266,32 @@\n If this \n+sort of project \n is compl\n",
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      "author": "shermand100",
      "permlink": "cold-metal-storage-guide-for-metal-diy-crypto-backups",
      "title": "Cold Metal Storage, Guide for Metal DIY Crypto backups.",
      "body": "# Make your own Metal Crypto Wallets, backups and business cards.\n\nThis is a half guide, half show and tell. This is also an opportunity for you to be creative, go off script and etch, emboss, engrave whatever some cool crypto designs onto metal.\n\nMy first experiments with this was creating offline vanity addresses, and in order to keep them offline I wanted to back them up securely. Paper seems to be most peoples go-to, but I wanted a timeless backup. Stainless steel was my choice due to melting point (in case of fire), corrosion resistance/waterproof and hard-wearing. \n\nSome examples:\n\n\n\n![Bitcoin Wallet Copper Plated](https://i.imgur.com/At6Hg7U.png)\n* Bitcoin with copper plated logo and vanity address+priv key\n\n![Monero QR](https://i.imgur.com/a4xApsK.jpg)\n* Monero business card with receiving address QR code\n\n![Monero seed words](https://i.imgur.com/AWwSIoH.jpg)\n* Monero with 25 word seed\n\nThe Monero example uses a wallet recovery seed. This can be obtained when setting up a wallet with the GUI or there are other tools available to generate a wallet completely offline. https://moneroaddress.org/ (Use with caution) or https://mymonero.com/#/ has a downloadable wallet.\n\nThe Bitcoin example uses a test vanity address. VanityGen makes private keys in base-58 and can be imported into bitcoin-core using the \"importprivkey\" function in the debug window. The key format can be converted, but as I said, this is intended to be kept offline. Do a google search for 'Vanity Address Generator' page if custom addresses interest you.\n\nThe whole process is a 4 stage project:\n* Cleaning - to remove oils from the metal\n* Transfer the design onto the metal\n* Etch the metal with ordinary salt water and a bit of electricity into areas that aren't protected by mask (ink/paint/vinyl)\n* Clean up again\n\nThe bulk of this page will outline a few methods to transfer the design onto the metal ready for etching. Depending of what materials and budget you have available to apply the design will determine the quality of the end result. The etching itself is very straight forward, you're just accurately applying corrosion.\n\nNot my usual guide -\nI'm going to try something new here, and not sure if the style/formatting of this will work but here goes.\n\nIf this is completely new to you take a quick look at the 2 min video bellow, it doesn't waste any time showing you the idea behind this. In his video the design is pre-cut into stickers. What I focus on here is how to get your Crypto design onto the metal ready for that last etching step.\n\n<iframe width=\"546\" height=\"336\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/FLIDsBpv504\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen></iframe>\n\n\n​Because there are so many ways of marking the metal I'm going to split this into three categories, Budget, Hobbyist and Amature production, classed by entry price of the equipment needed to produce the end result. Once your design is applied the etching step is very straight forward, so your options: -\n\n_______________________________________________________________________\n\n**Method (1) Budget** - £3 approx setup fee ​\nYou'll need:\nMetal to etch\nDiscount store Nail polish\n​Sewing needle\n\nApply the nail polish and allow to dry, then simply remove the polish from the areas you want to etch with the needle. The end result will greatly depend on your artistic prowess but gives a fast and functional backup.\n\nAesthetics * * (skill dependent)\nFunction * * * * *\n\n![Needle polish method](https://www.pinode.co.uk/uploads/8/2/4/8/82481002/published/img-20190417-022732.jpg?1555465981)\n_______________________________________________________________________\n\n**Method (2) Budget** - £3 approx setup fee\n\nhttp://www.instructables.com/id/A-Stainless-Steel-Bitcoin-Wallet/\n\nYou'll need:\nMetal to etch\nAccess to a lazer toner printer/photocopier (v common)\n​Old glossy magazine and household Iron\n​\nI cant take credit for this one, nor have I tried it. Use the link above and it will detail how to use a standard laser toner printer to create a design negative. This image is then printed on glossy magazine paper (bear with me) because when it is applied to the metal and heated - with a household iron - the print toner is released onto the metal.\nThe design is then etched.\nI would expect mixed result on this one but in theory can give a detailed printed design. Try experimenting with toner density and different papers.\n\nAesthetics * * *\nFunction * * *\n\n![Toner print method](https://www.pinode.co.uk/uploads/8/2/4/8/82481002/f2n7tiphjkbmhrs-large_orig.jpg)\n\n_______________________________________________________________________\n\n\n\n**Method (3) Hobby level** - £3 -£15 setup\nYou'll need:\nMetal to etch\nHandheld engraver £3-15\n\n​To avoid chemical etching altogether and for speed, electric hand engravers could be used. Similar pros and cons as with the most budget method. Your end result with rely on your artistic skill and patience if you want a professional look.\nHowever if you need a permanent way to jot down a backup...\n\nAesthetics * * (skill dependent)\nFunction * * * * *\n\n![Hand engraver](https://www.pinode.co.uk/uploads/8/2/4/8/82481002/published/s-l1600_1.jpg?1555466267)\n\n_______________________________________________________________________\n\n**Method (4) Amature Production level** - approx £70 setup\nMaterials per backup less than £5\nTools setup cost less than £70 \n\nI opted to buy a home CNC Laser engraver, (ebay £55) mainly because it sounded cool and who doesn't want a burning laser. Since CNC beds have become cheap to build the price of these has plummeted. A really cool gadget! \n\nThis is the method I keep usnig because it gives so much control over the design. Nail polish is applied to the metal card and the laser etcher burns away the design to be etched. It's fast, consistent and repeatable when I have a design I like.\n\n![Laser etcher ](https://www.pinode.co.uk/uploads/8/2/4/8/82481002/published/img-20190416-102029.jpg?1555464947)\n\n**Adding the design** - Method 4 cont.\n\n​\nFirst paint the metal card with black nail polish. The laser isn't powerful enough to etch the metal directly, but it will burn through the nail polish. Nail polish also doesn't conduct electricity and is easy to remove with it's remover.\n\nThe etcher comes with easy to use software. Just drag and drop images. What is shown as black here is what will be removed and therefore etched into the metal later.\n\n![Logo add desktop](https://www.pinode.co.uk/uploads/8/2/4/8/82481002/published/softare-screenshot.jpg?1555464927)\n\nAesthetics * * * * *\nFunction * * * *\n\nOnly giving a 4 for function as it's easy to over complicate a design which wont etch well. You'll see in my fire test below how detail can become distorted. QR codes are pretty but should not be relied upon for backups.\n\n_______________________________________________________________________\n\nThe etching solution:\n\nOnline it says to use table salt and it works great. Just dissolve as much as you can into enough water (it helps if the waters warm). \n\nOn my second go I thought I'd get fancy and add copper sulphate too to add copper to the piece. \n\nI used 3 teaspoons of copper sulphate and 5 teaspoons of table salt and approx a pint of water.\n\n​Or using salt water work great for a plain etch.\n\n![Ingredients](https://www.pinode.co.uk/uploads/8/2/4/8/82481002/published/salt-copper-sulphate.jpg?1504470915)\n\n_______________________________________________________________________\n\nI've found for etching that using a crocodile clip to grip the head of a cotton bud (Q tip in USA?) wetted with salt water works great as a brush as in the video at the top of this page.\n\nI also tried another method shown to the right that I though may give a more even etch on a large piece. In this method I have immersed the whole piece in a bath of salt water.\nThere is a piece of  scrap metal in the liquid with a wire attached at the top of the picture (yellow tape) to act as an electrode. The piece to be etched is submerged.\n\nI put the metal card with design into the liquid and make sure the two pieces of metal in the \"bath\" don't touch. Connect the scrap metal to the (-) of the battery and the designed metal to the (+).\n\nI used a 12v 2.2A battery from my quadcopter. Most batteries will do, just be careful that a battery doesn't get warm or puff up. LiPo batteries can be dangerous, it was just all I had to hand. This does apparently work wit 9v batteries, it just takes longer.\n\nIt took mine 2 minutes to get the depth of etch I wanted.\nThe scrap piece of metal will bubble, apparently the gas is flammable too?\n\nDisconnect the battery then fish it out of the chemical soup.\n\n![Etching bath](https://www.pinode.co.uk/uploads/8/2/4/8/82481002/etching-with-battery-indic_orig.jpg)\n\n_______________________________________________________________________\n\n**Last step clean up:**\n\n![](https://www.pinode.co.uk/uploads/8/2/4/8/82481002/sink-card_orig.jpg)\n\nThis picture is from my first attempt, the text is too small, still covered in nail polish, after the etching \"bath\"\n\n![](https://www.pinode.co.uk/uploads/8/2/4/8/82481002/cling-film_orig.jpg)\n\nI found the easiest way to clean them was to wrap in cling film with some nail polish remover and leave to soak for 30mins, them scrub with a dry dish sponge, (not too abrasive)\n\n![](https://www.pinode.co.uk/uploads/8/2/4/8/82481002/tilt-card-light_1_orig.png)\n\nEnd result again :)\n\n​The next one I make will be clearer and I'll etch in two stages. First a bath of just salt for a little over 2 minutes. Then a second, separate bath of Copper Sulphate with the electrodes reversed for the copper plating. I think this would give a deeper etch for better definition, and a more even copper plating.\n\nAlso I'd like to try and add the QR codes to the back.\n\n_______________________________________________________________________\n\n**Update: - Fire testing**\n\nNot much to say, just pictures really. The weather was cold enough to have a house fire lit so I added the test piece from above. It was left in all night and removed the next morning.\n\n![](https://www.pinode.co.uk/uploads/8/2/4/8/82481002/kvqch3k.jpg)\n\n![](https://www.pinode.co.uk/uploads/8/2/4/8/82481002/pznlsx1.jpg)\nThe Next morning\n\n![](https://www.pinode.co.uk/uploads/8/2/4/8/82481002/ypirlpt.jpg)\nTaken a beating\n\n![](https://www.pinode.co.uk/uploads/8/2/4/8/82481002/f0irohz.jpg)\nLightly brushed to remove soot. Text unclear.\n\n![](https://www.pinode.co.uk/uploads/8/2/4/8/82481002/3vjhnib.jpg)\nWashed with soapy water. Text impression visible but unclear.\n\n![](https://www.pinode.co.uk/uploads/8/2/4/8/82481002/nf0xxeh.jpg)\nSrubbed with scourer and nearly all text readable. Letter 'j' confused with 'i'.\n\n_______________________________________________________________________\n\n\n**Results and final notes:**\n\nTest was a success but I learnt:\n* Using private key to recover not seed words opens the possibility of miss-reading text. Letter 'j' could easilty be confused with 'i' for example. solution is to use seed words like in the Monero example. No chance of confusion then.\n* For the above reason QR codes are likely to be nonviable even if configured with maximum error correction.\n* Backup medium has to be steel for it's higher melting point. This was just a small house fire and it can be seen that the copper plating has melted from the embossed logo and stained the text (Red-ish stain).\n\nI'm confident crypto can be saved with this method or cold wallets created that could be passed to another user.",
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      "title": "Make your own Bitcoin Full node with LCD display. [Full Guide]",
      "body": "![](https://i.imgur.com/GEePxoK.jpg)\n![](https://i.imgur.com/eWGk4q3.png)\n\n\n<h1>**Bitcoin Full Node:** *Raspberry Pi 3** with LCD Display</h1>\n\n\n **(Guide compatible for any single board computers with ARMv7 Processors, [full list here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_single-board_computers#CPU,_GPU,_memory) )*\n\n\n* **Live price tracking display.**\n\n* **Full Node, verify transactions and enforce the rules of the network**\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n<h1>**HARDWARE**</h1>\n\n<div class=pull-right>https://i.imgur.com/Ds0nEVK.jpg</div>\n\n\nRaspberry Pi starter Kit: 2.5A Power supply, 16Gb SD card, Raspberry Pi model 3b and case (case style can vary by kit, some are suitable to fit with screens).\n\n\n[​I picked this kit up for around £50.](https://rover.ebay.com/rover/1/710-53481-19255-0/1?ff3=4&toolid=11800&pub=5575321947&campid=5338165531&mpre=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebay.co.uk%2Fitm%2FRaspberry-Pi-3-Model-B-Plus-2018-Model-BLACK-Case-Official-16GB-Starter-Kit%2F173232602968%3Fepid%3D2254317476%26hash%3Ditem285577bf58%3Ag%3AvZkAAOSwWG5atQdT)\n\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/8to56Qy.jpg</div>\n\n\nSATA -> USB adaptor. \nThese are the best type SATA to USB providing 1x USB for power and data + 1x additional USB for power only. Allowing the Pi's full USB 1.2A for the drive.\n\n[ebay £1.70 free delivery.](https://rover.ebay.com/rover/1/710-53481-19255-0/1?icep_id=114&ipn=icep&toolid=20004&campid=5338165531&mpre=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebay.co.uk%2Fitm%2F2-5-Hard-Disk-Drive-SATA-22Pin-to-USB-2-0-Powered-Data-Cable-Adapter-For-PC-UK%2F351739617861%3FssPageName%3DSTRK%253AMEBIDX%253AIT%26_trksid%3Dp2057872.m2749.l2649)\n\n\n<div class=pull-right>https://i.imgur.com/wybNE51.jpg</div>\n\nRaspberry Pi 3b 3.5\"\nTouchscreen LCD display. \n\n[ebay  £10 free delivery](https://rover.ebay.com/rover/1/710-53481-19255-0/1?ff3=4&toolid=11800&pub=5575321947&campid=5338165531&mpre=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebay.co.uk%2Fitm%2F3-5-LCD-Touch-Screen-Display-Module-Board-For-Raspberry-Pi-A-B-B-2B-3B-Zero-JG%2F142802252835%3Fhash%3Ditem213fad7423%3Ag%3A1TwAAOSwdzVXoV-W)\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/iEnkFgD.jpg</div>\n\nUSB Storage: If you can find a supplier that offers a warranty with 2nd hand HDDs then this will be your cheapest option. As I've said I use [CEX(UK)](https://uk.webuy.com/product.php?sku=SHDDIF02AB#.WYkVaITyupo) they have stores in USA, Spain, Ireland, India and Australia. 500GB 2.5\" drive available for around £20.\n\n<div class=pull-right>https://i.imgur.com/bJsp1p0.jpg</div>\n\nAcrylic sheets (A3 x 3mm used in these projects) Great for other projects too. \n\n[£2.32 Free delivery ebay](https://rover.ebay.com/rover/1/710-53481-19255-0/1?icep_id=114&ipn=icep&toolid=20004&campid=5338165531&mpre=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebay.co.uk%2Fitm%2FClear-Acrylic-Perspex-Sheet-Custom-Cut-Size-Panels-Plastic-Panel-%2F162282859133%3Fvar%3D%26hash%3Ditem6b65ee0db9)\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/P0rLZwf.jpg</div>\n\nM3 Nylon risers, screws and nuts 300x for building case layers.\n\n[£3.86 Free delivery ebay.](https://rover.ebay.com/rover/1/710-53481-19255-0/1?icep_id=114&ipn=icep&toolid=20004&campid=5338165531&mpre=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebay.co.uk%2Fitm%2F300pcs-M3-Nylon-Black-M-F-Hex-Spacers-Screw-Nut-Assortment-Kit-Stand-off-Set-PK%2F332261233139%3F_trkparms%3Daid%253D222007%2526algo%253DSIM.MBE%2526ao%253D1%2526asc%253D49919%2526meid%253D77366b8ee4cb4960a29aec654a952f0f%2526pid%253D100011%2526rk%253D2%2526rkt%253D12%2526sd%253D232413043860%2526itm%253D332261233139%26_trksid%3Dp2047675.c100011.m1850)\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n*For [detailed assembly instructions for the Hardware see my main site](https://pinode.weebly.com/imgur-screen-node-build.html), it contains measurements and dissected views for clarity.*\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n<h1>**Step (1) Preparing the Pi**</h1>\n\nThere are some basic steps required to prepare the  SD card for the Raspberry Pi Node installation in this guide. For this we require five (all free) programs. They are:\n\n* [Win32DiskImager](https://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/) For Windows Pc or Etcher for Mac OS\n* [7-Zip](http://www.7-zip.org/) for Windows Pc or [The Unarchiver](http://unarchiver.c3.cx/unarchiver) for Mac OS\n* [SDformatter](https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/formatter_4/) for all Pcs\n* [PUTTY](http://www.putty.org/) for Windows Pc. Not required on Mac as you already have \"terminal\"\n* [IPscanner](https://www.advanced-ip-scanner.com/) for Windows Pc and [Angry IP Scanner](http://angryip.org/download/#mac) for Mac\n\nTo start with we'll erase (format) all the data from the SD card to start fresh. This is done with the SDformatter you just downloaded. The reason we need a special program to do this is that Raspberry Pi requires the card prepared (formatted) to something called Fat32, it's to do with how information is addressed on the card so it can be read. Without using this software Pcs will often restrict your options when formatting large cards and try to use a different addressing system that wont work on the Pi. \nSo:\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/gDEZjr1.jpg</div>\n\nSDFormatter looks like this, and is very easy to use. Ensure the drive letter corresponds to the drive the card is inserted in. \n\nClick \"Option\" \n\nChange \"Format size adjustment\" to \"ON\"; Then \"OK\"\n\nThen \"Format\"\n\nIt only takes a couple of seconds\n\nNow the Card is empty, we need an operating system on it to give the Pi it's basic instructions. The easiest way to do this is to put an exact copy of an already working system onto the card. These exact copies are called \"images\" and are available to download from the Raspberry Pi website. We need the [Stretch-lite 2Gb](https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/) image click \"download zip\". \n \n\nBecause these images are large data files, they are compressed so they are quicker to download. We need to un-compress it. \n\n​For this we use 7-zip or The Unarchiver depending on if you're Windows or Mac.\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/zupNYzf.png</div>\n7-Zip Shown here.\n\nOpen either 7-zip or The Unarchiver, and navigate to where you downloaded the image. Open that file and it will look something like the picture on the left. \n\nSelect the file and then select \"Extract\".\n\nIt will ask you where you want to extract the file to and will take less than a minute to process it. \n\nNow we have an image file ready to copy on to the card. We use Win32DiskImager next (or Etcher for Mac)\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/tf6VeMY.jpg</div>\nAnother very easy to use program. \n\nSelect the Uncompressed image we just made, double check that the \"device\" is the correct drive letter of the SD card. And hit \"Write\"\n\n***It will give a series of warnings and they are to be acknowledged only once you have confirmed it is definitely the SD card you are writing to. If you accidentally over-write your Pc's main drive instead it will cause BIG problems. Check first and double check***\n\nNearly ready!\nTo avoid the hassle of finding spare HDMI cables, keyboard etc, this guide uses something called SSH. It's what PUTTY is for (or Terminal on Mac).\n\nWhat it enables you to do is take complete control of the Raspberry Pi and manage the installation of the rest of the guide, sending commands over the network. It also means you can put the node anywhere in the house once complete, and log in remotely with SSH and check it's progress/status without a TV or keyboard directly plugged into it. Much easier long-term.\n\nHowever, I just said that it enables complete control of it remotely. This is a security problem. To solve this the people that made the system have disabled SSH. We have to tell it to enable. Again it's really simple. All we need to do is make a file called        ssh        and put it on the card. \nOn a windows Pc open notepad, (found under the start menu and accessories)\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/cFw8wem.png</div>\n\nWindows, Notepad\nSelect \"file\", \"save as\" and go to the drive with the SD card now called \"BOOT\"\nCall the file \"ssh\"  (with quotes, this stops it saving it as a .txt file)\n\nMac\nMake a text file in same location and call it    ssh    \nThen go to the file properties and delete it's extension.\n\nThe Pi will look in this location when it starts. If it sees a file called ssh it enables it. \n\nSo now we plug everything in. \nPut the SD card in the Pi, an Ethernet cable will also be needed as Wifi isn't enabled yet and the power. The USB drive can be added now or later.\n\nTurn on the Pi and give it a few seconds to start up.\n\nWe now need to know it's IP address. If you have plugged in the HDMI it will display it on the screen. The next easiest option is to look on your home router for the IP address of connected devices and identify the Pi. The third option is for people that can't do either of those.\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/78Fh7oh.jpg</div>\n​The IP scanning software is simple and great. You enter in where you want it to search and it will bring up every connected device in range.\n\nThe default settings will find it unless someone in your house has customized the LAN settings. It's usually between:\n192.168.1.1 - 192.168.1.250\n\nIn the example to the left it is showing connected devices with blue logos. I have a few connected but you should have just one called \"raspberrypi\"\n\nWe then take this number, (in my example '192.168.1.8' yours will probably be different) and put it in PUTTY\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/iMt26ma.jpg</div>\n\nAnd that's pretty much it, this is the business end.\nEnter the IP address from the step above into where it says \"HostName (or IP address)\" and click \"open\"\n\nIt ask for a username which is: \n\n    pi\n\nand password:\n \n    raspberry\n\nYou are now logged in and ready to continue with the guide.\n\nWhen you connect to Wifi later your IP address may change. You can find it again with IP Scanner.\n\nAlso now that SSH is enabled it is wise to change the default password of raspberry to something more secure. We do that near the end in a step called \"Security\" with a couple of other things.\n\nIf you need to pause when making these projects, it's good practice to use the command \"sudo shutdown now\" before turning off the power.\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n<h1>**​Step (2) Enabling WiFi**</h1>\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/qYSSbDR.png</div>\nWifi is available once the Pi is rebooted. Either reboot now using\nsudo reboot\nand remove the ethernet cable. Or continue, and reboot later as it is required after the next step.\nWith the Pi turned on, booted and you logged in with SSH we can start the setup.\n\nFirst WiFi network connections are stored:\n​\n    sudo nano /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf\n\nGo to the bottom of the file and add the following text:\n    \n    network={\n        ssid=\"YOUR WIFI ROUTER NAME\"\n        psk=\"YOUR WIFI ROUTER PASSWORD\"\n    }\n\n**Note: Enter details between the quotes, leave the  \"\" in\nsave and exit using\n\n    ctrl+O\n\nThen 'enter'\n\n    ctrl+X\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n<h1>**Step (3) Expand the file system, (making full use of the SD card) and changing the Password.**</h1>\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/hDy9nCe.png</div>\n\nenter:​\n\n    sudo raspi-config\n\nThe default password for obvious security reasons should be changed. That is done in this menu.\n\nselect \"1 change user password\", and follow the on-screen instructions. This will be the new password when using PUTTY to SSH into the Pi.\n\nBecause we installed a 2GB image onto the card, the Pi may think that the card is only 2GB in size. So we tell it to expand the file-system (returns it to it's full size allowed):\n\nselect \"7 advanced options\"\n\nselect \"A1 expand filesystem\"\n\nselect 'finish' system will reboot, (remove the ethernet cable if you didn't at the previous step). And log back in with SSH and PUTTY once reboot is complete.\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n<h1>**Step (4) Updates**</h1>\n\nThe image we downloaded may have an update or two since they released it:\n\n    sudo apt-get update\n    sudo apt-get upgrade\n                             \n\nselect 'y' to accept the storage requirement.\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n<h1>​**Step (5) Installing the screen**</h1>\n\n    sudo wget http://www.spotpear.com/download/diver24-5/LCD-show-170309.tar.gz\n    sudo tar xvf LCD-show-170309.tar.gz\n    cd LCD-show/\n\nThen pick and type one command from the list below depending on your screen size/resolution.\n    \nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 2.4inch, 2.8inch or Raspberry Pi 3.2inch\n\n    sudo ./LCD32-show\n\nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 3.5inch\n\n    sudo ./LCD35-show\n\nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 3.5 inch HDMI LCD\n\n    LCD35-HDMI-480x320-show\n\nOR\n\n    LCD35-HDMI-800x480-show\n\nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 4inch\n\n    sudo ./LCD4-show\n\nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 4inch HDMI(800x480)\n\n    sudo ./LCD4-800x480-show\n\nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 4.3inch\n\n    sudo ./LCD43-show\n\nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 5inch\n\n    sudo ./LCD5-show\n\nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 7inch (800x480)\n\n    sudo ./LCD7-800x480-show\n\nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 7inch (1024x600)\n\n    sudo ./LCD7-1024x600-show\n\nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 10.1inch (1024x600)\n\n    sudo ./LCD101-1024x600-show\n\nThis command takes some time (\"LCD configure 0\" displayed for a while) and it reboots when it is complete but reboots in the background so it confuses PUTTY. The reboot causes PUTTY to crash and is normal. I recommend waiting until the activity indicator on the pi has been lazy for a minute or two (an indication it has finished) then press enter.  PUTTY will bring up an error and close. (This has been updated and did this twice on a rebuild) This is fine. Log back in with SSH and PUTTY\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/BNaGwrB.png</div>\n\n​Now we tell the Pi to boot using the new display: \n\n    sudo nano /boot/config.txt\n\n\nAnd at the bottom you will find\n\n    # Enable audio (loads snd_bcm2835)\n    dtparam=audio=on\n    dtoverlay=waveshare35a\n    dtoverlay=ads7846,cs=1,penirq=17,penirq_pull=2,speed=1000000,keep_vref_on=1,sw$\n\nAdding a # before a line make the Pi ignore it and is called a comment.\n\nComment out the dtoverlay=ads7846...line by adding a #.\n\nThe line that we want active is the dtoverlay=waveshare35a\n\nThe rotation value should be changed here from now on too, by adding :rotate=0 as in the image above\nChoose your rotation value. 270 is the HDMI port at the top. Use 0,90,180,270 as needed.\n\nIt should look like this after, (depending on rotation preferences)\n\n    # Enable audio (loads snd_bcm2835)\n    dtparam=audio=on\n    dtoverlay=waveshare35a:rotate=270\n    #dtoverlay=ads7846,cs=1,penirq=17,penirq_pull=2,speed=1000000,keep_vref_on=1,sw$\n\nthen, save and exit (CTRL+o, CTRL+x)\n\n    sudo reboot\n\nAnd you will have your display working.\n(If rotation is wrong, edit the config.txt again and change rotate=<###>. Reboot required for changes to take affect)\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n<h1>**Step (6) Adding the GUI (the desktop)**</h1>\n\nA very easy copy/paste step:\n\n    sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends xserver-xorg\n    sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends xinit xserver-xorg-video-fbdev\n    sudo apt-get install lxde-core lxappearance\n    sudo apt-get install lightdm\n    sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends matchbox chromium-browser\n\n​don't reboot just yet...\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n\n<h1>**Step (7) Force the output to the LCD, not HDMI**</h1>\n\n    sudo nano /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/99-fbdev.conf\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/ZZ7WsBY.png</div>\n\nshould be blank, add the following text\n\n    Section \"Device\"\n    Identifier \"touchscreen\"\n    Driver \"fbdev\"\n    Option \"fbdev\" \"/dev/fb1\"\n    EndSection\n\nsave, exit, ctrl+o ctrl+x\n\n    sudo reboot\n\npi will reboot and after about 1 min for initial setup will load GUI onto the display giving a desktop\nIf it prompts you for a login username and password it can be disabled via the PuTTY window with\n\n    sudo raspi-config\n\n    option 3 (Boot options)\n    option B1 (Desktop/CLI)\n    option B4 (Desktop Autologin)\n\nSelect finish and reboot again for changes to take effect.\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n\n<h1>**Step(8) Disable screensaver, auto-boot chrome**</h1>\n\nNow it's booted to the GUI you can disable the screen saver with a USB mouse. Open the menu in the bottom left, preferences, screensaver. and select disable from the drop down list.\n\nThen the via SSH \n\nThe file below contains setting for the GUI\n\n    sudo nano ~/.config/lxsession/LXDE/autostart\n​\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/USXRM6F.png</div>\n\nChange it to look like\n    \n    @lxpanel --profile LXDE\n    @pcmanfm --desktop --profile LXDE\n    @xscreensaver -no-splash\n    @chromium-browser --start-fullscreen --incognito  http://www.realtimebitcoin.info/\n\nThis loads the chrome browser on boot in a full screen mode.\n\nWe will come back to this file later to tell it to auto boot the node.\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n\n<h1>**Step (9) Moving everything to the USB drive**</h1>\n\nPeople have been making projects (not just nodes) on the raspberry pi for some time. A common failure point seems to be the SD cards. The constant read/write process 24/7 drastically shorten their life. We can reduce this by moving the entire file-system to the USB drive, and where possible using traditional platter HDDs. Check out [HARDWARE](https://pinode.weebly.com/hardware.html) for cheap solutions available to the Raspberry Pi.\n\nFor moving the file-system we need the \"git\" repository\n\n    sudo apt-get install git\n\nInsert the USB drive if you havn't already, then check it is mounted to the Pi. \n\n    sudo lsblk\n\n99% of the time it will be mounted as /dev/sda with a partition called sda1. However if it has found sda1 it won't let us continue until it is unmounted. (It would be telling it to make changes to the filesystem whilst it's in use. It won't let us and doesn't like it). So we unmount with\n\n    umount /dev/sda1\n\n\nWe need to delete this partition to stop raspbian from automatically using the drive on boot, at this point. The helper in the next step will automatically create a new partition to do it's job of moving the files.\n\n     sudo fdisk /dev/sda\n\n    d\n\n(deletes old partition)\n\n    w\n\n(writes and commits the changes)\n\nNow it's  compatible with the helper script.\n\nThe folks at Adafruit have made a very useful helper to reduce the amount of commands you need. These next three lines create a new partition and move the entire file system onto the USB drive. It does warn you that any data currently written to /sda will be overwritten. If you are an advanced user and have called the partition something other than /sda, this is where it should be changed.\n\n    git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit-Pi-ExternalRoot-Helper.git\n    cd Adafruit-Pi-ExternalRoot-Helper\n    sudo ./adafruit-pi-externalroot-helper -d /dev/sda\n\n\nIt will ask you to check that you are writing to the correct partition, select y when you are sure. When I do this step it takes a little under 10mins. Please be patient.\n Picture\nThis is our drives labels and addresses. We need to check that the PARTUUID long number (that's the USB), is entered into\n\n    sudo nano /boot/cmdline.txt\n​\n\n\n​So everything has been copied over and the drive configured. We just need to change the boot file so it starts from the USB drive from now on. The helper untility should have done this automatically. But recently this has not been the case. Do this just to check, it's simple and is just a copy/paste action.\n\n    sudo blkid -o export /dev/sda1\n\nThe numbers will be different but it brings up something like the image on the left. \n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/YgeDjJV.png</div>\n\nEnter:\n\n    sudo nano /boot/cmdline.txt​\n\nAnd ensure that the helper has changed\n\n    root=PARTUUID=\n\n​to match the one that was listed to you above. Yours will be different to mine. Then Save and exit using ctrl+o then ctrl+x.\n\nDo another reboot with           sudo reboot          and when the Pi starts this time your USB activity light will blink like crazy, showing it's now getting it's data from there.\n\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n<h1>**Step (10) Installing \"Screen\"**</h1>\n\nWe are now very close to completion. Very soon we will be telling the node to start. However the node will be running in the PUTTY window on our Pc and if you close that screen, it closes the connection too, stopping the node. An easy solution is to use a nifty program called \"screen\". It runs the current session on the Pi and detaches you from it. This leaves you free to leave and re-join to check the node's progress as you wish, without disturbing it! \n\n\n    sudo apt-get install screen\n\nThen, to use it, type…\n\n    screen bash\n\nIt will open another terminal instance that is running on the Pi. You can now start a process you want to be able to leave running and reconnect to later. In this case, this will be the node.\n\n\n\"Screens\" can be rejoined (I'll show how to detach and re-attach to them later)\n\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n<h1>**Step (11) Installing Bitcoin 0.16**</h1>\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/8dhSwX4.png</div>\n\n\nEnlarge something called a swapfile so the blockchain loads quicker (like artificially boosting available memory)\n\n    sudo nano /etc/dphys-swapfile\n\nAnd change the default size of 100(MB, to 1000 as shown to the left\n\nsave, exit, ctrl+o ctrl+x\n\n*If you wish you may make a 2GB swap file by entering a figure of 2000.\nThis is the upper configurable limit of a Pi3.\nThen, to build the new swap file...\n\n    sudo dphys-swapfile setup\n    sudo dphys-swapfile swapon\n\nWe start with making a directory to hold the blockchain:\n\n    mkdir ~/bitcoinData\n\nDownload the dependencies Bitcoin needs:\n\n    sudo apt-get install autoconf libevent-dev libtool libssl-dev libboost-all-dev libminiupnpc-dev -y\n\n​make a directory to download the files\n\n    mkdir ~/bin\n    cd ~/bin\n\nDownload Bitcoin from github with:\n\n    git clone -b 0.16 https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin.git\n\nthen navigate to our bitcoin folder to install it all\n\n    cd bitcoin\n    ./autogen.sh\n    ./configure --enable-upnp-default --disable-wallet\n    make\n\n**Note** 'make' took around 2 hours on my last build. It has been recommended to use 'make -j2' as the command as it is quicker. The -j2 flag tells the pi how many cores of it's processor to use in that instruction. The pi has 4 cores available but it is not recommended to use them all for  a task. If you encounter errors just stick with 'make'.\n\nThen \n\n    sudo make install\n\nthen we configure the node.\n\n    sudo nano /home/pi/bitcoinData/bitcoin.conf\n\nand add to it\n\n    rpcuser=<yourbitcoinrpcuser>\n    rpcpassword=<yourpasswordhere>\n\n**make up some values here remove the <>\nsave, exit, ctrl+o ctrl+x\n\nNow we have the node installed we add it to the autorun file to it starts on boot. Nearly done!\n\nSo back to:\n\n    sudo nano ~/.config/lxsession/LXDE/autostart\n\nAnd add\n\n    @bitcoind -datadir=/home/pi/bitcoinData -daemon\n\n\nSave and Exit as before for the last time!\n\n    sudo reboot\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/lkp9Hee.png</div>\n\n​Once booted that should be it! To verify it's working use\n\n                                bitcoin-cli -datadir=/home/pi/bitcoinData getinfo\n\n\ncheck you have 8 connections (after giving it 5 mins to start) and each time you use that command, the value of \"blocks\": xxxxx should be increasing. That is your current block height. It will get slower to increase later on as blocks start getting busier.\n\nThe \"version\": is referring to the version of Core you're using. It will be a higher number than the one in my screen shot\n\nThis is the tedious bit. It has to download approx 130GB+ of blocks and verify every transaction within it. That's a big ask for a little raspberry pi! It handles it fine though and on the nodes I have built it has taken approx 4 weeks. Just check on it every-other day or so with the getinfo command above. I've not had one crash yet. I should also mention that it builds the block-chain very quickly at first. For the first few years the block-chain is mostly empty, now the blocks are mostly at capacity and there are many more transactions to verify. It will get slower, this is normal. Once it has fully sync'd the Pi pretty much idles until a new block appears, busying itself with the transaction mempool.\n\n\n**o stop the node (recommended before disconnecting power, or using                     sudo reboot/shutdown                    from now on to prevent data corruption) use:**\n\n                                       bitcoin-cli -datadir=/home/pi/bitcoinData stop\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n<h1>**Step (12) Security**</h1>\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/03mahJ0.png</div>\n\n​I've been made aware that there are some underlying defaults that can affect system security. One is to disable root login by ssh by editing\n\n    sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config\n\nand changing\n\n    PermitRootLogin without-password\n\nto\n\n    PermitRootLogin no\n\nand add the line below to only allow ssh access to user 'pi'\n\n    AllowUsers pi\n\nSave, ctrl+o, enter, exit ctrl+x\nthen reboot just sshd by\n\n    sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart\n\nI will update any security recommendations as I become aware of them.\n\n​Enjoy\n\n*This guide created, by shermand100 of [http://www.PiNode.co.uk](http://www.PiNode.co.uk)*\n*Guides also available for Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ethereum, Monero, Sia, Storj, Blackcoin, Pinkcoin, Dash, Doge and others*",
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      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "monero",
      "author": "shermand100",
      "permlink": "build-your-own-monero-full-node-raspberry-pi-with-3-5-lcd-display-full-guide-simple-steps",
      "title": "Build Your Own Monero Full-node, Raspberry Pi with 3.5\" LCD display [Full Guide, simple steps]",
      "body": "![](https://i.imgur.com/RCbPi7D.jpg)\n![](https://i.imgur.com/Fagnk8X.png)\n\n\n<h1>**Monero Node:** *Raspberry Pi 3** with LCD Display* \n\n\n **(Guide compatible for any single board computers with ARMv7 Processors, [full list here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_single-board_computers#CPU,_GPU,_memory) )*\n\n\n* **Live price tracking display.**\n\n* **Compatible with your PC Monero GUI to have 0 sync time when opening your PC GUI wallet!**\n\n\nSee my [HARDWARE](https://pinode.weebly.com/hardware.html) page on my website for a full parts list and assembly/build information. This guide will primarily deal with the software.\n\n\n​_________________________________________________________________________\n\n**Step (1) Preparing the Pi**\n\nThere are some basic steps required to prepare the  SD card for the Raspberry Pi Node installation in this guide. For this we require five (all free) programs. They are:\n\n* [Win32DiskImager](https://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/) For Windows Pc or Etcher for Mac OS\n* [7-Zip](http://www.7-zip.org/) for Windows Pc or [The Unarchiver](http://unarchiver.c3.cx/unarchiver) for Mac OS\n* [SDformatter](https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/formatter_4/) for all Pcs\n* [PUTTY](http://www.putty.org/) for Windows Pc. Not required on Mac as you already have \"terminal\"\n* [IPscanner](https://www.advanced-ip-scanner.com/) for Windows Pc and [Angry IP Scanner](http://angryip.org/download/#mac) for Mac\n\nTo start with we'll erase (format) all the data from the SD card to start fresh. This is done with the SDformatter you just downloaded. The reason we need a special program to do this is that Raspberry Pi requires the card prepared (formatted) to something called Fat32, it's to do with how information is addressed on the card so it can be read. Without using this software Pcs will often restrict your options when formatting large cards and try to use a different addressing system that wont work on the Pi. \nSo:\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/gDEZjr1.jpg</div>\n\nSDFormatter looks like this, and is very easy to use. Ensure the drive letter corresponds to the drive the card is inserted in. \n\nClick \"Option\" \n\nChange \"Format size adjustment\" to \"ON\"; Then \"OK\"\n\nThen \"Format\"\n\nIt only takes a couple of seconds\n\nNow the Card is empty, we need an operating system on it to give the Pi it's basic instructions. The easiest way to do this is to put an exact copy of an already working system onto the card. These exact copies are called \"images\" and are available to download from the Raspberry Pi website. We need the [Stretch-lite 2Gb](https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/) image click \"download zip\". \n \n\nBecause these images are large data files, they are compressed so they are quicker to download. We need to un-compress it. \n\n​For this we use 7-zip or The Unarchiver depending on if you're Windows or Mac.\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/zupNYzf.png</div>\n7-Zip Shown here.\n\nOpen either 7-zip or The Unarchiver, and navigate to where you downloaded the image. Open that file and it will look something like the picture on the left. \n\nSelect the file and then select \"Extract\".\n\nIt will ask you where you want to extract the file to and will take less than a minute to process it. \n\nNow we have an image file ready to copy on to the card. We use Win32DiskImager next (or Etcher for Mac)\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/tf6VeMY.jpg</div>\nAnother very easy to use program. \n\nSelect the Uncompressed image we just made, double check that the \"device\" is the correct drive letter of the SD card. And hit \"Write\"\n\n***It will give a series of warnings and they are to be acknowledged only once you have confirmed it is definitely the SD card you are writing to. If you accidentally over-write your Pc's main drive instead it will cause BIG problems. Check first and double check***\n\nNearly ready!\nTo avoid the hassle of finding spare HDMI cables, keyboard etc, this guide uses something called SSH. It's what PUTTY is for (or Terminal on Mac).\n\nWhat it enables you to do is take complete control of the Raspberry Pi and manage the installation of the rest of the guide, sending commands over the network. It also means you can put the node anywhere in the house once complete, and log in remotely with SSH and check it's progress/status without a TV or keyboard directly plugged into it. Much easier long-term.\n\nHowever, I just said that it enables complete control of it remotely. This is a security problem. To solve this the people that made the system have disabled SSH. We have to tell it to enable. Again it's really simple. All we need to do is make a file called        ssh        and put it on the card. \nOn a windows Pc open notepad, (found under the start menu and accessories)\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/cFw8wem.png</div>\n\nWindows, Notepad\nSelect \"file\", \"save as\" and go to the drive with the SD card now called \"BOOT\"\nCall the file \"ssh\"  (with quotes, this stops it saving it as a .txt file)\n\nMac\nMake a text file in same location and call it    ssh    \nThen go to the file properties and delete it's extension.\n\nThe Pi will look in this location when it starts. If it sees a file called ssh it enables it. \n\nSo now we plug everything in. \nPut the SD card in the Pi, an Ethernet cable will also be needed as Wifi isn't enabled yet and the power. The USB drive can be added now or later.\n\nTurn on the Pi and give it a few seconds to start up.\n\nWe now need to know it's IP address. If you have plugged in the HDMI it will display it on the screen. The next easiest option is to look on your home router for the IP address of connected devices and identify the Pi. The third option is for people that can't do either of those.\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/78Fh7oh.jpg</div>\n​The IP scanning software is simple and great. You enter in where you want it to search and it will bring up every connected device in range.\n\nThe default settings will find it unless someone in your house has customized the LAN settings. It's usually between:\n192.168.1.1 - 192.168.1.250\n\nIn the example to the left it is showing connected devices with blue logos. I have a few connected but you should have just one called \"raspberrypi\"\n\nWe then take this number, (in my example '192.168.1.8' yours will probably be different) and put it in PUTTY\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/iMt26ma.jpg</div>\n\nAnd that's pretty much it, this is the business end.\nEnter the IP address from the step above into where it says \"HostName (or IP address)\" and click \"open\"\n\nIt ask for a username which is: \n\n    pi\n\nand password:\n \n    raspberry\n\nYou are now logged in and ready to continue with the guide.\n\nWhen you connect to Wifi later your IP address may change. You can find it again with IP Scanner.\n\nAlso now that SSH is enabled it is wise to change the default password of raspberry to something more secure. We do that near the end in a step called \"Security\" with a couple of other things.\n\nIf you need to pause when making these projects, it's good practice to use the command \"sudo shutdown now\" before turning off the power.\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n**​Step (2) Enabling WiFi**\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/qYSSbDR.png</div>\nWifi is available once the Pi is rebooted. Either reboot now using\nsudo reboot\nand remove the ethernet cable. Or continue, and reboot later as it is required after the next step.\nWith the Pi turned on, booted and you logged in with SSH we can start the setup.\n\nFirst WiFi network connections are stored:\n​\n    sudo nano /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf\n\nGo to the bottom of the file and add the following text:\n    \n    network={\n        ssid=\"YOUR WIFI ROUTER NAME\"\n        psk=\"YOUR WIFI ROUTER PASSWORD\"\n    }\n\n**Note: Enter details between the quotes, leave the  \"\" in\nsave and exit using\n\n    ctrl+O\n\nThen 'enter'\n\n    ctrl+X\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n**Step (3) Expand the file system, (making full use of the SD card) and changing the Password.**\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/hDy9nCe.png</div>\n\nenter:​\n\n    sudo raspi-config\n\nThe default password for obvious security reasons should be changed. That is done in this menu.\n\nselect \"1 change user password\", and follow the on-screen instructions. This will be the new password when using PUTTY to SSH into the Pi.\n\nBecause we installed a 2GB image onto the card, the Pi may think that the card is only 2GB in size. So we tell it to expand the file-system (returns it to it's full size allowed):\n\nselect \"7 advanced options\"\n\nselect \"A1 expand filesystem\"\n\nselect 'finish' system will reboot, (remove the ethernet cable if you didn't at the previous step). And log back in with SSH and PUTTY once reboot is complete.\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n**Step (4) Updates**\n\nThe image we downloaded may have an update or two since they released it:\n\n    sudo apt-get update\n    sudo apt-get upgrade\n                             \n\nselect 'y' to accept the storage requirement.\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n​**Step (5) Installing the screen**\n\n    sudo wget http://www.spotpear.com/download/diver24-5/LCD-show-170309.tar.gz\n    sudo tar xvf LCD-show-170309.tar.gz\n    cd LCD-show/\n\nThen pick and type one command from the list below depending on your screen size/resolution.\n    \nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 2.4inch, 2.8inch or Raspberry Pi 3.2inch\n\n    sudo ./LCD32-show\n\nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 3.5inch\n\n    sudo ./LCD35-show\n\nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 3.5 inch HDMI LCD\n\n    LCD35-HDMI-480x320-show\n\nOR\n\n    LCD35-HDMI-800x480-show\n\nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 4inch\n\n    sudo ./LCD4-show\n\nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 4inch HDMI(800x480)\n\n    sudo ./LCD4-800x480-show\n\nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 4.3inch\n\n    sudo ./LCD43-show\n\nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 5inch\n\n    sudo ./LCD5-show\n\nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 7inch (800x480)\n\n    sudo ./LCD7-800x480-show\n\nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 7inch (1024x600)\n\n    sudo ./LCD7-1024x600-show\n\nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 10.1inch (1024x600)\n\n    sudo ./LCD101-1024x600-show\n\nThis command takes some time (\"LCD configure 0\" displayed for a while) and it reboots when it is complete but reboots in the background so it confuses PUTTY. The reboot causes PUTTY to crash and is normal. I recommend waiting until the activity indicator on the pi has been lazy for a minute or two (an indication it has finished) then press enter.  PUTTY will bring up an error and close. (This has been updated and did this twice on a rebuild) This is fine. Log back in with SSH and PUTTY\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/BNaGwrB.png</div>\n\n​Now we tell the Pi to boot using the new display: \n\n    sudo nano /boot/config.txt\n\n\nAnd at the bottom you will find\n\n    # Enable audio (loads snd_bcm2835)\n    dtparam=audio=on\n    dtoverlay=waveshare35a\n    dtoverlay=ads7846,cs=1,penirq=17,penirq_pull=2,speed=1000000,keep_vref_on=1,sw$\n\nAdding a # before a line make the Pi ignore it and is called a comment.\n\nComment out the dtoverlay=ads7846...line by adding a #.\n\nThe line that we want active is the dtoverlay=waveshare35a\n\nThe rotation value should be changed here from now on too, by adding :rotate=0 as in the image above\nChoose your rotation value. 270 is the HDMI port at the top. Use 0,90,180,270 as needed.\n\nIt should look like this after, (depending on rotation preferences)\n\n    # Enable audio (loads snd_bcm2835)\n    dtparam=audio=on\n    dtoverlay=waveshare35a:rotate=270\n    #dtoverlay=ads7846,cs=1,penirq=17,penirq_pull=2,speed=1000000,keep_vref_on=1,sw$\n\nthen, save and exit (CTRL+o, CTRL+x)\n\n    sudo reboot\n\nAnd you will have your display working.\n(If rotation is wrong, edit the config.txt again and change rotate=<###>. Reboot required for changes to take affect)\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n**Step (6) Adding the GUI (the desktop)**\n\nA very easy copy/paste step:\n\n    sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends xserver-xorg\n    sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends xinit xserver-xorg-video-fbdev\n    sudo apt-get install lxde-core lxappearance\n    sudo apt-get install lightdm\n    sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends matchbox chromium-browser\n\n​don't reboot just yet...\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n\n**Step (7) Force the output to the LCD, not HDMI**\n\n    sudo nano /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/99-fbdev.conf\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/ZZ7WsBY.png</div>\n\nshould be blank, add the following text\n\n    Section \"Device\"\n    Identifier \"touchscreen\"\n    Driver \"fbdev\"\n    Option \"fbdev\" \"/dev/fb1\"\n    EndSection\n\nsave, exit, ctrl+o ctrl+x\n\n    sudo reboot\n\npi will reboot and after about 1 min for initial setup will load GUI onto the display giving a desktop\nIf it prompts you for a login username and password it can be disabled via the PuTTY window with\n\n    sudo raspi-config\n\n    option 3 (Boot options)\n    option B1 (Desktop/CLI)\n    option B4 (Desktop Autologin)\n\nSelect finish and reboot again for changes to take effect.\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n\n**Step(8) Disable screensaver, auto-boot chrome**\n\nNow it's booted to the GUI you can disable the screen saver with a USB mouse. Open the menu in the bottom left, preferences, screensaver. and select disable from the drop down list.\n\nThen the via SSH \n\nThe file below contains setting for the GUI\n\n    sudo nano ~/.config/lxsession/LXDE/autostart\n​\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/USXRM6F.png</div>\n\nChange it to look like\n    \n   @lxpanel --profile LXDE\n   @pcmanfm --desktop --profile LXDE\n   @xscreensaver -no-splash\n   @chromium-browser --start-fullscreen\n\nThis loads the chrome browser on boot in a full screen mode.\n\nWe will come back to this file later to tell it to auto boot the node.\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n\n**Step (9) Moving everything to the USB drive**\n\nPeople have been making projects (not just nodes) on the raspberry pi for some time. A common failure point seems to be the SD cards. The constant read/write process 24/7 drastically shorten their life. We can reduce this by moving the entire file-system to the USB drive, and where possible using traditional platter HDDs. Check out [HARDWARE](https://pinode.weebly.com/hardware.html) for cheap solutions available to the Raspberry Pi.\n\nFor moving the file-system we need the \"git\" repository\n\n    sudo apt-get install git\n\nInsert the USB drive if you havn't already, then check it is mounted to the Pi. \n\n    sudo lsblk\n\n99% of the time it will be mounted as /dev/sda with a partition called sda1. However if it has found sda1 it won't let us continue until it is unmounted. (It would be telling it to make changes to the filesystem whilst it's in use. It won't let us and doesn't like it). So we unmount with\n\n    umount /dev/sda1\n\n\nWe need to delete this partition to stop raspbian from automatically using the drive on boot, at this point. The helper in the next step will automatically create a new partition to do it's job of moving the files.\n\n     sudo fdisk /dev/sda\n\n    d\n\n(deletes old partition)\n\n    w\n\n(writes and commits the changes)\n\nNow it's  compatible with the helper script.\n\nThe folks at Adafruit have made a very useful helper to reduce the amount of commands you need. These next three lines create a new partition and move the entire file system onto the USB drive. It does warn you that any data currently written to /sda will be overwritten. If you are an advanced user and have called the partition something other than /sda, this is where it should be changed.\n\n    git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit-Pi-ExternalRoot-Helper.git\n    cd Adafruit-Pi-ExternalRoot-Helper\n    sudo ./adafruit-pi-externalroot-helper -d /dev/sda\n\n\nIt will ask you to check that you are writing to the correct partition, select y when you are sure. When I do this step it takes a little under 10mins. Please be patient.\n Picture\nThis is our drives labels and addresses. We need to check that the PARTUUID long number (that's the USB), is entered into\n\n    sudo nano /boot/cmdline.txt\n​\n\n\n​So everything has been copied over and the drive configured. We just need to change the boot file so it starts from the USB drive from now on. The helper untility should have done this automatically. But recently this has not been the case. Do this just to check, it's simple and is just a copy/paste action.\n\n    sudo blkid -o export /dev/sda1\n\nThe numbers will be different but it brings up something like the image on the left. \n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/YgeDjJV.png</div>\n\nEnter:\n\n    sudo nano /boot/cmdline.txt​\n\nAnd ensure that the helper has changed\n\n    root=PARTUUID=\n\n​to match the one that was listed to you above. Yours will be different to mine. Then Save and exit using ctrl+o then ctrl+x.\n\nDo another reboot with           sudo reboot          and when the Pi starts this time your USB activity light will blink like crazy, showing it's now getting it's data from there.\n\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n**Step (10) Installing \"Screen\"**\n\nWe are now very close to completion. Very soon we will be telling the node to start. However the node will be running in the PUTTY window on our Pc and if you close that screen, it closes the connection too, stopping the node. An easy solution is to use a nifty program called \"screen\". It runs the current session on the Pi and detaches you from it. This leaves you free to leave and re-join to check the node's progress as you wish, without disturbing it! \n\n\n    sudo apt-get install screen\n\nThen, to use it, type…\n\n    screen bash\n\nIt will open another terminal instance that is running on the Pi. You can now start a process you want to be able to leave running and reconnect to later. In this case, this will be the node.\n\n\n\"Screens\" can be rejoined (I'll show how to detach and re-attach to them later)\n\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n**Step (11) Installing Monero**\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/8dhSwX4.png</div>\n\n\nEnlarge something called a swapfile so the blockchain loads quicker (like artificially boosting available memory)\n\n    sudo nano /etc/dphys-swapfile\n\nAnd change the default size of 100(MB, to 1000 as shown to the left\n\nsave, exit, ctrl+o ctrl+x\n\n*If you wish you may make a 2GB swap file by entering a figure of 2000.\nThis is the upper configurable limit of a Pi3.\nThen, to build the new swap file...\n\n    sudo dphys-swapfile setup\n    sudo dphys-swapfile swapon\n\nDownload the dependency Monero needs:\n\n    sudo apt install libboost-all-dev \n\n​We make a directory to download Monero files\n\n    mkdir ~/bin\n    cd ~/bin\n\nDownload Monero as a package with:\n\n    wget https://downloads.getmonero.org/cli/linuxarm7\n\nThen open up that package\n\n    tar -vxf ./linuxarm7\n\n\nThen if you want to now.... the moment of truth!!!\n\nTo run the node manually now for the first time type\n\n    ./monero-v0.12.2.0/monerod --rpc-bind-ip=192.168.XX.XX --rpc-bind-port=18081 --confirm-external-bind --block-sync-size 50\n\n​**Where XX.XX is the IP address you have been using to SSH to the Pi.   \nThe port number of 18081 can also be changed to anything that isn't reserved. I found it easier to specify a port here and avoid hunting the network if you leave it to be randomly assigned (although 18080 or 18081 seem common ports for Monero).\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/H8bYhbQ.png</div>\n\nThere is a handy command \"--detach\" that runs the node in the background, we will add it later. By leaving out the --detach flag on first start it is easier to check for any errors, if any, and at what stage they appear.\nWe'll add that flag to the auto-boot once we're happy with our settings. \n​\nThe node does take time to initialize. Please be patient. I was also surprised by a lack of USB activity during this phase. It has most likely not frozen, it just takes a approximately 10mins to get going, (yes 10mins I've timed it, it's a long time). Mostly it takes it's time on the loading blockchain phase, even when empty on first boot.\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/sWTaArr.png</div>\n\n\nAnd this is what it'll look like running.\n\nA constant stream of lines like this going upwards.\nAnd now we are happy everything works we can add the Monero Node to the autostart file.\nThis will load the node on boot in the eventuality power is lost to the node and restored. \n\n    sudo nano ~/.config/lxsession/LXDE/autostart\n\nand add the line:\n\n    @/usr/bin/python /home/pi/moneroautostart.py\n\nSave+Exit (CTRL+o, CTRL+x)\n\nThe command above tells the Raspberry Pi to run a Python script on start. I've experimented with a few ways to auto-boot and this seems the most reliable. So next we make the file that holds the script.\n\n    cd\n    nano moneroautostart.py\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/KGXSruz.png</div>\n\nAnd in this blank file add:\n\n    import os\n    os.system(\"/home/pi/bin/monero-v0.12.2.0/monerod --rpc-bind-ip 192.168.xx.xx --rpc-bind-port=18081 --confirm-external-bind --block-sync-size 5 --detach &\")\n\n​Replace xx.xx with the IP you are using to connect via PuTTY/SSH\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/LqIBL2S.png</div>\n\nNow we're happy that the node is running on the Pi we can check our desktop Pc wallet can connect to it.\n\nOpen the wallet and enter your password as normal.\nAfter a few seconds It will count down saying \"starting daemon in 5...4...3\"\nClick the \"use custom settings\" box to prevent this.\nIf you miss it, don't worry, just tell it to \"stop daemon\" in the \"settings\" tab\n\nIf you haven't already navigate to the \"settings\" tab on the left.\n\nThis is where we enter our Pi node IP and Port we setup earlier.\n\nOnce entered click \"connect\"\n\nThats it!\nOn the left you should see the status change from \"disconnected\" to \"Synchronizing\" showing the progress of your Pi node.\nThe Pi on it's first load will take some time to download and process the 30GB+ blockchain. This is normal, but once it has then your GUI will appear to synchronize almost instantly!\nSome final points for the Pi...\n***Important, to leave the node running in the background. Press \"ctrl+a\" release just the \"a\" key and press \"d\"\n\n​That sends a command to \"screen\" to detach (\"d\") it so you can come back and check on it later. Use:\n\n    screen -r\n\nTo return to the screen and check it's progress, or:\n\n    ./bin/monero-v0.12.2.0/monerod --rpc-bind-ip=192.168.XX.XX --rpc-bind-port=18081 status\n\nand it will read back a summary of it's progress with a percentage of how far it's got through synchronizing, block height, and some other useful info. These commands can even be done from another computer in the same network at home!\n\nTo stop the node use\n\n    ./bin/monero-v0.12.2.0/monerod --rpc-bind-ip=192.168.XX.XX --rpc-bind-port=18081 exit\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n**Step (12) Security**\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/03mahJ0.png</div>\n\n​I've been made aware that there are some underlying defaults that can affect system security. One is to disable root login by ssh by editing\n\n    sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config\n\nand changing\n\n    PermitRootLogin without-password\n\nto\n\n    PermitRootLogin no\n\nand add the line below to only allow ssh access to user 'pi'\n\n    AllowUsers pi\n\nSave, ctrl+o, enter, exit ctrl+x\nthen reboot just sshd by\n\n    sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart\n\nI will update any security recommendations as I become aware of them.\n\n​Enjoy\n\n*This guide created, by shermand100 of [http://www.PiNode.co.uk](http://www.PiNode.co.uk)*\n*Guides also available for Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ethereum, Monero, Sia, Storj, Blackcoin, Pinkcoin, Dash, Doge and others*",
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      "body": "![](https://i.imgur.com/Fagnk8X.png)\n\n<div class=pull-right>https://i.imgur.com/RCbPi7D.jpg</div>\n\n<h1>**Monero Node:** *Raspberry Pi 3** with LCD Display* \n\n\n **(Guide compatible for any single board computers with ARMv7 Processors, [full list here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_single-board_computers#CPU,_GPU,_memory) )*\n\n\n* **Live price tracking display.**\n\n* **Compatible with your PC Monero GUI to have 0 sync time when opening your PC GUI wallet!**\n\n\nSee my [HARDWARE](https://pinode.weebly.com/hardware.html) page on my website for a full parts list and assembly/build information. This guide will primarily deal with the software.\n\n\n​_________________________________________________________________________\n\n**Step (1) Preparing the Pi**\n\nThere are some basic steps required to prepare the  SD card for the Raspberry Pi Node installation in this guide. For this we require five (all free) programs. They are:\n\n* [Win32DiskImager](https://sourceforge.net/projects/win32diskimager/) For Windows Pc or Etcher for Mac OS\n* [7-Zip](http://www.7-zip.org/) for Windows Pc or [The Unarchiver](http://unarchiver.c3.cx/unarchiver) for Mac OS\n* [SDformatter](https://www.sdcard.org/downloads/formatter_4/) for all Pcs\n* [PUTTY](http://www.putty.org/) for Windows Pc. Not required on Mac as you already have \"terminal\"\n* [IPscanner](https://www.advanced-ip-scanner.com/) for Windows Pc and [Angry IP Scanner](http://angryip.org/download/#mac) for Mac\n\nTo start with we'll erase (format) all the data from the SD card to start fresh. This is done with the SDformatter you just downloaded. The reason we need a special program to do this is that Raspberry Pi requires the card prepared (formatted) to something called Fat32, it's to do with how information is addressed on the card so it can be read. Without using this software Pcs will often restrict your options when formatting large cards and try to use a different addressing system that wont work on the Pi. \nSo:\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/gDEZjr1.jpg</div>\n\nSDFormatter looks like this, and is very easy to use. Ensure the drive letter corresponds to the drive the card is inserted in. \n\nClick \"Option\" \n\nChange \"Format size adjustment\" to \"ON\"; Then \"OK\"\n\nThen \"Format\"\n\nIt only takes a couple of seconds\n\nNow the Card is empty, we need an operating system on it to give the Pi it's basic instructions. The easiest way to do this is to put an exact copy of an already working system onto the card. These exact copies are called \"images\" and are available to download from the Raspberry Pi website. We need the [Stretch-lite 2Gb](https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/) image click \"download zip\". \n \n\nBecause these images are large data files, they are compressed so they are quicker to download. We need to un-compress it. \n\n​For this we use 7-zip or The Unarchiver depending on if you're Windows or Mac.\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/zupNYzf.png</div>\n7-Zip Shown here.\n\nOpen either 7-zip or The Unarchiver, and navigate to where you downloaded the image. Open that file and it will look something like the picture on the left. \n\nSelect the file and then select \"Extract\".\n\nIt will ask you where you want to extract the file to and will take less than a minute to process it. \n\nNow we have an image file ready to copy on to the card. We use Win32DiskImager next (or Etcher for Mac)\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/tf6VeMY.jpg</div>\nAnother very easy to use program. \n\nSelect the Uncompressed image we just made, double check that the \"device\" is the correct drive letter of the SD card. And hit \"Write\"\n\n***It will give a series of warnings and they are to be acknowledged only once you have confirmed it is definitely the SD card you are writing to. If you accidentally over-write your Pc's main drive instead it will cause BIG problems. Check first and double check***\n\nNearly ready!\nTo avoid the hassle of finding spare HDMI cables, keyboard etc, this guide uses something called SSH. It's what PUTTY is for (or Terminal on Mac).\n\nWhat it enables you to do is take complete control of the Raspberry Pi and manage the installation of the rest of the guide, sending commands over the network. It also means you can put the node anywhere in the house once complete, and log in remotely with SSH and check it's progress/status without a TV or keyboard directly plugged into it. Much easier long-term.\n\nHowever, I just said that it enables complete control of it remotely. This is a security problem. To solve this the people that made the system have disabled SSH. We have to tell it to enable. Again it's really simple. All we need to do is make a file called        ssh        and put it on the card. \nOn a windows Pc open notepad, (found under the start menu and accessories)\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/cFw8wem.png</div>\n\nWindows, Notepad\nSelect \"file\", \"save as\" and go to the drive with the SD card now called \"BOOT\"\nCall the file \"ssh\"  (with quotes, this stops it saving it as a .txt file)\n\nMac\nMake a text file in same location and call it    ssh    \nThen go to the file properties and delete it's extension.\n\nThe Pi will look in this location when it starts. If it sees a file called ssh it enables it. \n\nSo now we plug everything in. \nPut the SD card in the Pi, an Ethernet cable will also be needed as Wifi isn't enabled yet and the power. The USB drive can be added now or later.\n\nTurn on the Pi and give it a few seconds to start up.\n\nWe now need to know it's IP address. If you have plugged in the HDMI it will display it on the screen. The next easiest option is to look on your home router for the IP address of connected devices and identify the Pi. The third option is for people that can't do either of those.\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/78Fh7oh.jpg</div>\n​The IP scanning software is simple and great. You enter in where you want it to search and it will bring up every connected device in range.\n\nThe default settings will find it unless someone in your house has customized the LAN settings. It's usually between:\n192.168.1.1 - 192.168.1.250\n\nIn the example to the left it is showing connected devices with blue logos. I have a few connected but you should have just one called \"raspberrypi\"\n\nWe then take this number, (in my example '192.168.1.8' yours will probably be different) and put it in PUTTY\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/iMt26ma.jpg</div>\n\nAnd that's pretty much it, this is the business end.\nEnter the IP address from the step above into where it says \"HostName (or IP address)\" and click \"open\"\n\nIt ask for a username which is: \n\n    pi\n\nand password:\n \n    raspberry\n\nYou are now logged in and ready to continue with the guide.\n\nWhen you connect to Wifi later your IP address may change. You can find it again with IP Scanner.\n\nAlso now that SSH is enabled it is wise to change the default password of raspberry to something more secure. We do that near the end in a step called \"Security\" with a couple of other things.\n\nIf you need to pause when making these projects, it's good practice to use the command \"sudo shutdown now\" before turning off the power.\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n**​Step (2) Enabling WiFi**\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/qYSSbDR.png</div>\nWifi is available once the Pi is rebooted. Either reboot now using\nsudo reboot\nand remove the ethernet cable. Or continue, and reboot later as it is required after the next step.\nWith the Pi turned on, booted and you logged in with SSH we can start the setup.\n\nFirst WiFi network connections are stored:\n​\n    sudo nano /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf\n\nGo to the bottom of the file and add the following text:\n    \n    network={\n        ssid=\"YOUR WIFI ROUTER NAME\"\n        psk=\"YOUR WIFI ROUTER PASSWORD\"\n    }\n\n**Note: Enter details between the quotes, leave the  \"\" in\nsave and exit using\n\n    ctrl+O\n\nThen 'enter'\n\n    ctrl+X\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n**Step (3) Expand the file system, (making full use of the SD card) and changing the Password.**\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/hDy9nCe.png</div>\n\nenter:​\n\n    sudo raspi-config\n\nThe default password for obvious security reasons should be changed. That is done in this menu.\n\nselect \"1 change user password\", and follow the on-screen instructions. This will be the new password when using PUTTY to SSH into the Pi.\n\nBecause we installed a 2GB image onto the card, the Pi may think that the card is only 2GB in size. So we tell it to expand the file-system (returns it to it's full size allowed):\n\nselect \"7 advanced options\"\n\nselect \"A1 expand filesystem\"\n\nselect 'finish' system will reboot, (remove the ethernet cable if you didn't at the previous step). And log back in with SSH and PUTTY once reboot is complete.\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n**Step (4) Updates**\n\nThe image we downloaded may have an update or two since they released it:\n\n    sudo apt-get update\n    sudo apt-get upgrade\n                             \n\nselect 'y' to accept the storage requirement.\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n​**Step (5) Installing the screen**\n\n    sudo wget http://www.spotpear.com/download/diver24-5/LCD-show-170309.tar.gz\n    sudo tar xvf LCD-show-170309.tar.gz\n    cd LCD-show/\n\nThen pick and type one command from the list below depending on your screen size/resolution.\n    \nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 2.4inch, 2.8inch or Raspberry Pi 3.2inch\n\n    sudo ./LCD32-show\n\nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 3.5inch\n\n    sudo ./LCD35-show\n\nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 3.5 inch HDMI LCD\n\n    LCD35-HDMI-480x320-show\n\nOR\n\n    LCD35-HDMI-800x480-show\n\nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 4inch\n\n    sudo ./LCD4-show\n\nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 4inch HDMI(800x480)\n\n    sudo ./LCD4-800x480-show\n\nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 4.3inch\n\n    sudo ./LCD43-show\n\nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 5inch\n\n    sudo ./LCD5-show\n\nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 7inch (800x480)\n\n    sudo ./LCD7-800x480-show\n\nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 7inch (1024x600)\n\n    sudo ./LCD7-1024x600-show\n\nIf your display is the Raspberry Pi 10.1inch (1024x600)\n\n    sudo ./LCD101-1024x600-show\n\nThis command takes some time (\"LCD configure 0\" displayed for a while) and it reboots when it is complete but reboots in the background so it confuses PUTTY. The reboot causes PUTTY to crash and is normal. I recommend waiting until the activity indicator on the pi has been lazy for a minute or two (an indication it has finished) then press enter.  PUTTY will bring up an error and close. (This has been updated and did this twice on a rebuild) This is fine. Log back in with SSH and PUTTY\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/BNaGwrB.png</div>\n\n​Now we tell the Pi to boot using the new display: \n\n    sudo nano /boot/config.txt\n\n\nAnd at the bottom you will find\n\n    # Enable audio (loads snd_bcm2835)\n    dtparam=audio=on\n    dtoverlay=waveshare35a\n    dtoverlay=ads7846,cs=1,penirq=17,penirq_pull=2,speed=1000000,keep_vref_on=1,sw$\n\nAdding a # before a line make the Pi ignore it and is called a comment.\n\nComment out the dtoverlay=ads7846...line by adding a #.\n\nThe line that we want active is the dtoverlay=waveshare35a\n\nThe rotation value should be changed here from now on too, by adding :rotate=0 as in the image above\nChoose your rotation value. 270 is the HDMI port at the top. Use 0,90,180,270 as needed.\n\nIt should look like this after, (depending on rotation preferences)\n\n    # Enable audio (loads snd_bcm2835)\n    dtparam=audio=on\n    dtoverlay=waveshare35a:rotate=270\n    #dtoverlay=ads7846,cs=1,penirq=17,penirq_pull=2,speed=1000000,keep_vref_on=1,sw$\n\nthen, save and exit (CTRL+o, CTRL+x)\n\n    sudo reboot\n\nAnd you will have your display working.\n(If rotation is wrong, edit the config.txt again and change rotate=<###>. Reboot required for changes to take affect)\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n**Step (6) Adding the GUI (the desktop)**\n\nA very easy copy/paste step:\n\n    sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends xserver-xorg\n    sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends xinit xserver-xorg-video-fbdev\n    sudo apt-get install lxde-core lxappearance\n    sudo apt-get install lightdm\n    sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends matchbox chromium-browser\n\n​don't reboot just yet...\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n\n**Step (7) Force the output to the LCD, not HDMI**\n\n    sudo nano /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/99-fbdev.conf\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/ZZ7WsBY.png</div>\n\nshould be blank, add the following text\n\n    Section \"Device\"\n    Identifier \"touchscreen\"\n    Driver \"fbdev\"\n    Option \"fbdev\" \"/dev/fb1\"\n    EndSection\n\nsave, exit, ctrl+o ctrl+x\n\n    sudo reboot\n\npi will reboot and after about 1 min for initial setup will load GUI onto the display giving a desktop\nIf it prompts you for a login username and password it can be disabled via the PuTTY window with\n\n    sudo raspi-config\n\n    option 3 (Boot options)\n    option B1 (Desktop/CLI)\n    option B4 (Desktop Autologin)\n\nSelect finish and reboot again for changes to take effect.\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n\n**Step(8) Disable screensaver, auto-boot chrome**\n\nNow it's booted to the GUI you can disable the screen saver with a USB mouse. Open the menu in the bottom left, preferences, screensaver. and select disable from the drop down list.\n\nThen the via SSH \n\nThe file below contains setting for the GUI\n\n    sudo nano ~/.config/lxsession/LXDE/autostart\n​\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/USXRM6F.png</div>\n\nChange it to look like\n    \n   @lxpanel --profile LXDE\n   @pcmanfm --desktop --profile LXDE\n   @xscreensaver -no-splash\n   @chromium-browser --start-fullscreen\n\nThis loads the chrome browser on boot in a full screen mode.\n\nWe will come back to this file later to tell it to auto boot the node.\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n\n**Step (9) Moving everything to the USB drive**\n\nPeople have been making projects (not just nodes) on the raspberry pi for some time. A common failure point seems to be the SD cards. The constant read/write process 24/7 drastically shorten their life. We can reduce this by moving the entire file-system to the USB drive, and where possible using traditional platter HDDs. Check out [HARDWARE](https://pinode.weebly.com/hardware.html) for cheap solutions available to the Raspberry Pi.\n\nFor moving the file-system we need the \"git\" repository\n\n    sudo apt-get install git\n\nInsert the USB drive if you havn't already, then check it is mounted to the Pi. \n\n    sudo lsblk\n\n99% of the time it will be mounted as /dev/sda with a partition called sda1. However if it has found sda1 it won't let us continue until it is unmounted. (It would be telling it to make changes to the filesystem whilst it's in use. It won't let us and doesn't like it). So we unmount with\n\n    umount /dev/sda1\n\n\nWe need to delete this partition to stop raspbian from automatically using the drive on boot, at this point. The helper in the next step will automatically create a new partition to do it's job of moving the files.\n\n     sudo fdisk /dev/sda\n\n    d\n\n(deletes old partition)\n\n    w\n\n(writes and commits the changes)\n\nNow it's  compatible with the helper script.\n\nThe folks at Adafruit have made a very useful helper to reduce the amount of commands you need. These next three lines create a new partition and move the entire file system onto the USB drive. It does warn you that any data currently written to /sda will be overwritten. If you are an advanced user and have called the partition something other than /sda, this is where it should be changed.\n\n    git clone https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit-Pi-ExternalRoot-Helper.git\n    cd Adafruit-Pi-ExternalRoot-Helper\n    sudo ./adafruit-pi-externalroot-helper -d /dev/sda\n\n\nIt will ask you to check that you are writing to the correct partition, select y when you are sure. When I do this step it takes a little under 10mins. Please be patient.\n Picture\nThis is our drives labels and addresses. We need to check that the PARTUUID long number (that's the USB), is entered into\n\n    sudo nano /boot/cmdline.txt\n​\n\n\n​So everything has been copied over and the drive configured. We just need to change the boot file so it starts from the USB drive from now on. The helper untility should have done this automatically. But recently this has not been the case. Do this just to check, it's simple and is just a copy/paste action.\n\n    sudo blkid -o export /dev/sda1\n\nThe numbers will be different but it brings up something like the image on the left. \n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/YgeDjJV.png</div>\n\nEnter:\n\n    sudo nano /boot/cmdline.txt​\n\nAnd ensure that the helper has changed\n\n    root=PARTUUID=\n\n​to match the one that was listed to you above. Yours will be different to mine. Then Save and exit using ctrl+o then ctrl+x.\n\nDo another reboot with           sudo reboot          and when the Pi starts this time your USB activity light will blink like crazy, showing it's now getting it's data from there.\n\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n**Step (10) Installing \"Screen\"**\n\nWe are now very close to completion. Very soon we will be telling the node to start. However the node will be running in the PUTTY window on our Pc and if you close that screen, it closes the connection too, stopping the node. An easy solution is to use a nifty program called \"screen\". It runs the current session on the Pi and detaches you from it. This leaves you free to leave and re-join to check the node's progress as you wish, without disturbing it! \n\n\n    sudo apt-get install screen\n\nThen, to use it, type…\n\n    screen bash\n\nIt will open another terminal instance that is running on the Pi. You can now start a process you want to be able to leave running and reconnect to later. In this case, this will be the node.\n\n\n\"Screens\" can be rejoined (I'll show how to detach and re-attach to them later)\n\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n**Step (11) Installing Monero**\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/8dhSwX4.png</div>\n\n\nEnlarge something called a swapfile so the blockchain loads quicker (like artificially boosting available memory)\n\n    sudo nano /etc/dphys-swapfile\n\nAnd change the default size of 100(MB, to 1000 as shown to the left\n\nsave, exit, ctrl+o ctrl+x\n\n*If you wish you may make a 2GB swap file by entering a figure of 2000.\nThis is the upper configurable limit of a Pi3.\nThen, to build the new swap file...\n\n    sudo dphys-swapfile setup\n    sudo dphys-swapfile swapon\n\nDownload the dependency Monero needs:\n\n    sudo apt install libboost-all-dev \n\n​We make a directory to download Monero files\n\n    mkdir ~/bin\n    cd ~/bin\n\nDownload Monero as a package with:\n\n    wget https://downloads.getmonero.org/cli/linuxarm7\n\nThen open up that package\n\n    tar -vxf ./linuxarm7\n\n\nThen if you want to now.... the moment of truth!!!\n\nTo run the node manually now for the first time type\n\n    ./monero-v0.12.2.0/monerod --rpc-bind-ip=192.168.XX.XX --rpc-bind-port=18081 --confirm-external-bind --block-sync-size 50\n\n​**Where XX.XX is the IP address you have been using to SSH to the Pi.   \nThe port number of 18081 can also be changed to anything that isn't reserved. I found it easier to specify a port here and avoid hunting the network if you leave it to be randomly assigned (although 18080 or 18081 seem common ports for Monero).\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/H8bYhbQ.png</div>\n\nThere is a handy command \"--detach\" that runs the node in the background, we will add it later. By leaving out the --detach flag on first start it is easier to check for any errors, if any, and at what stage they appear.\nWe'll add that flag to the auto-boot once we're happy with our settings. \n​\nThe node does take time to initialize. Please be patient. I was also surprised by a lack of USB activity during this phase. It has most likely not frozen, it just takes a approximately 10mins to get going, (yes 10mins I've timed it, it's a long time). Mostly it takes it's time on the loading blockchain phase, even when empty on first boot.\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/sWTaArr.png</div>\n\n\nAnd this is what it'll look like running.\n\nA constant stream of lines like this going upwards.\nAnd now we are happy everything works we can add the Monero Node to the autostart file.\nThis will load the node on boot in the eventuality power is lost to the node and restored. \n\n    sudo nano ~/.config/lxsession/LXDE/autostart\n\nand add the line:\n\n    @/usr/bin/python /home/pi/moneroautostart.py\n\nSave+Exit (CTRL+o, CTRL+x)\n\nThe command above tells the Raspberry Pi to run a Python script on start. I've experimented with a few ways to auto-boot and this seems the most reliable. So next we make the file that holds the script.\n\n    cd\n    nano moneroautostart.py\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/KGXSruz.png</div>\n\nAnd in this blank file add:\n\n    import os\n    os.system(\"/home/pi/bin/monero-v0.12.2.0/monerod --rpc-bind-ip 192.168.xx.xx --rpc-bind-port=18081 --confirm-external-bind --block-sync-size 5 --detach &\")\n\n​Replace xx.xx with the IP you are using to connect via PuTTY/SSH\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/LqIBL2S.png</div>\n\nNow we're happy that the node is running on the Pi we can check our desktop Pc wallet can connect to it.\n\nOpen the wallet and enter your password as normal.\nAfter a few seconds It will count down saying \"starting daemon in 5...4...3\"\nClick the \"use custom settings\" box to prevent this.\nIf you miss it, don't worry, just tell it to \"stop daemon\" in the \"settings\" tab\n\nIf you haven't already navigate to the \"settings\" tab on the left.\n\nThis is where we enter our Pi node IP and Port we setup earlier.\n\nOnce entered click \"connect\"\n\nThats it!\nOn the left you should see the status change from \"disconnected\" to \"Synchronizing\" showing the progress of your Pi node.\nThe Pi on it's first load will take some time to download and process the 30GB+ blockchain. This is normal, but once it has then your GUI will appear to synchronize almost instantly!\nSome final points for the Pi...\n***Important, to leave the node running in the background. Press \"ctrl+a\" release just the \"a\" key and press \"d\"\n\n​That sends a command to \"screen\" to detach (\"d\") it so you can come back and check on it later. Use:\n\n    screen -r\n\nTo return to the screen and check it's progress, or:\n\n    ./bin/monero-v0.12.2.0/monerod --rpc-bind-ip=192.168.XX.XX --rpc-bind-port=18081 status\n\nand it will read back a summary of it's progress with a percentage of how far it's got through synchronizing, block height, and some other useful info. These commands can even be done from another computer in the same network at home!\n\nTo stop the node use\n\n    ./bin/monero-v0.12.2.0/monerod --rpc-bind-ip=192.168.XX.XX --rpc-bind-port=18081 exit\n\n_________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n**Step (12) Security**\n\n<div class=pull-left>https://i.imgur.com/03mahJ0.png</div>\n\n​I've been made aware that there are some underlying defaults that can affect system security. One is to disable root login by ssh by editing\n\n    sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config\n\nand changing\n\n    PermitRootLogin without-password\n\nto\n\n    PermitRootLogin no\n\nand add the line below to only allow ssh access to user 'pi'\n\n    AllowUsers pi\n\nSave, ctrl+o, enter, exit ctrl+x\nthen reboot just sshd by\n\n    sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart\n\nI will update any security recommendations as I become aware of them.\n\n​Enjoy\n\n*This guide created, by shermand100 of [http://www.PiNode.co.uk](http://www.PiNode.co.uk)*\n*Guides also available for Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ethereum, Monero, Sia, Storj, Blackcoin, Pinkcoin, Dash, Doge and others*",
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