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      "author": "steemitboard",
      "permlink": "steemitboard-notify-selfdrivingsandp-20190713t052236000z",
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      "body": "Congratulations @selfdrivingsandp! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@selfdrivingsandp/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@selfdrivingsandp) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=selfdrivingsandp)_</sub>\n\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
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      "body": "Congratulations @selfdrivingsandp! You have received a personal award!\n\n[![](https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@selfdrivingsandp/birthday1.png)](http://steemitboard.com/@selfdrivingsandp)  1 Year on Steemit\n<sub>_Click on the badge to view your Board of Honor._</sub>\n\n\n**Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:**\n[SteemitBoard World Cup Contest - Semi Finals - Day 1](https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-world-cup-contest-semi-finals-day-1)\n\n---\n**Participate in the [SteemitBoard World Cup Contest](https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-world-cup-contest-collect-badges-and-win-free-sbd)!**\nCollect World Cup badges and win free SBD\nSupport the Gold Sponsors of the contest: [@good-karma](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=good-karma&approve=1) and [@lukestokes](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=lukestokes.mhth&approve=1)\n\n---\n\n> Do you like [SteemitBoard's project](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)? Then **[Vote for its witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1)** and **get one more award**!",
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      "body": "An insurance company has [increased premiums](https://www.theguardian.com/technology/shortcuts/2018/jan/23/a-sign-that-youre-not-keeping-up-the-trouble-with-hotmail-in-2018) for those with Hotmail address. The machine learning algorithm decided that [Hotmail users are more likely to crash](https://www.thesun.co.uk/motors/5401901/admiral-hikes-insurance-costs-for-drivers-using-hotmail-email-addresses/). \n\n“Certain domain names are associated with more accidents than others.”\n\nHowever, this is not the first such [instance](https://www.thesun.co.uk/motors/5393978/insurance-race-row-john-mohammed/).\n\nMOTORISTS are being stung for almost £1,000 more to insure cars if their name is Mohammed.\n\nTop firms Admiral, Marks & Spencer, Bell, Elephant and Diamond all give far lower quotes when the driver has the English name John, a Sun investigation reveals.\n\nAt what point is enough is enough? When will we start protecting our personal information and demand transparency regarding costs and fees?",
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      "title": "Tesla Firetruck Accident - The Need for Vehicle to Vehicle Communication",
      "body": "Again we have another AutoPilot Tesla accident. Fortunately there were no injuries.\n\n![https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DUK5c-bVQAAw20C.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmVgQuPwessr6hCZyYQixtYfQ49eNjyKZ7Wf78ucic8BQ6/image.png)\n\n\nAgain, we have Tesla selling a production car yet playing the legal game where the liability is on the driver.\n\nHow is it an vehicle being sold with AutoPilot is unable to recognize a large red firetruck with lights on? The firetruck was helping out another accident on the freeway!\n\nThis further provides argument that vehicle to vehicle communication is needed. Why rely on computer vision alone?",
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      "body": "Suppose I make a new  proof of stake coin. The supply is fixed and coins are not earned by any nodes. There are no transaction fees.\n\nThe only way to get coins is to somehow receive coins from the initial distribution or purchasing off exchanges.\n\nNow suppose the security model of my coin is delegated proof of stake, where representatives make all voting decisions. Also, my coin favors performance over security.\n\nOne might wonder how these representatives are chosen? How could they get so many coins if there was no reward mechanism? Did they somehow get all the coins via the distribution? Did they really sink so much money to purchase the coins from exchanges?\n\nWhat if I then say that this coin will create it's own exchange to trade?\n\nDoes any of this start to raise questions?\n\nIs the exchange a way for the developers or inside group to dump and sell their coins?",
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      "body": "Centralization helps new initiatives grow faster, for sure. But in the case where majority vote is vital to decide whether those proposed initiatives are worth perceiving, initiatives that has no majority vote are not worth perceiving. Decentralized governance makes all the people ( stakeholders, users) the owners of the company, but only decentralized, thus having  the validation, by involvement of a large mass, but not their stupidity as one or one small group. \n\nStopping good initiatives because they came from other group is not anyone's interest. \nNonetheless, centralized governance is sane until we have the technological improvements to engineer stupidity-proof, more efficient governance models.",
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      "body": "I'm not clear why decentralized governance is an improvement. I can see the advantage of permissionless participation though.\n\nThe quickest way to kill an initiative is to create a committee to \"investigate\". So I'm not sure why decentralized governance would actually achieve anything and be able to handle serious issues or disruptions. Social checks and balances can be manipulated, look at politics today. \n\nMultiple parties doesn't really move along important issues and can actually be used to halt initiatives due to lack of majority vote. In fact, many security protocols are built on the collusion assumption in that it only takes one honest non colluding party to halt a multi party computation.\n\nSo why would decentralization help improve governance, when in fact it's used for the opposite?",
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      "parent_permlink": "thoughts-on-social-scalability",
      "author": "prakashkagitha",
      "permlink": "re-selfdrivingsandp-thoughts-on-social-scalability-20180112t121319548z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Great thought!!\nI think DAO (Decentralized Autonomous organizations) are socially scalable. We need decentralized organizations which can be more effective in charities, technological campanies, educational institutions and so on. I think there is more room for the decentralization of governance in many field in this open new world. Don't you think?",
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      "parent_permlink": "social-scalability",
      "author": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "permlink": "thoughts-on-social-scalability",
      "title": "Thoughts on Social Scalability",
      "body": "@@ -1,260 +1,78 @@\n-Will no %22social scalability%22 equivalent be expected to exist in blockchains such as Bitcoin?%0A%0ASurely there is a certain asymmetry that exists in technological breakthroughs. The observed impact is far larger than the invested energy or capital.%0A%0AHowever, s\n+Should we really expect that Bitcoin continues to be  %22social scalable%22? S\n houl\n@@ -290,16 +290,17 @@\n d system\n+a\n tic vuln\n@@ -401,17 +401,17 @@\n complete\n-l\n+n\n ess theo\n@@ -721,16 +721,66 @@\n c system\n+ for transactions (and is not longer peer to peer)\n . By wha\n@@ -839,32 +839,92 @@\n can \n-be scaled in such a way?\n+continue to scale when in fact it's going from peer to peer to a centralised system.\n %0A%0AIn\n@@ -1307,30 +1307,81 @@\n his \n-can be easily replaced\n+the supporting ecosystem be easily replaced by a socially scalable system\n ?%0A%0AT\n@@ -2055,9 +2055,10 @@\n are \n-1\n+an\n  are\n",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"social-scalability\",\"blockchain\",\"bitcoin\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
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  "trx_id": "e7760a7b1cb28686c8596cfc9ca626fb9e0c25ca",
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      "parent_permlink": "social-scalability",
      "author": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "permlink": "thoughts-on-social-scalability",
      "title": "Thoughts on Social Scalability",
      "body": "Will no \"social scalability\" equivalent be expected to exist in blockchains such as Bitcoin?\n\nSurely there is a certain asymmetry that exists in technological breakthroughs. The observed impact is far larger than the invested energy or capital.\n\nHowever, should we really expect that technology alone will run autonomously and scale seamlessly?\n\nWhat reason is there to believe that we can simply spend cheap computing resources to avoid the expensive human redundancy and systemtic vulnerability to human error?\n\nAt what point do computational limits and theory such as Godel's incompleteless theorem hinder the technology scalability?\n\nSure we can throw more resources into maintaining the Bitcoin network and cast by the wayside saying that the costs to maintain the network is far cheaper than having an army of accountants, lawyers, and regulators.\n\nExcept for one fact. Bitcoin is a very specific system. By what extension should we believe that an entire system can be scaled in such a way?\n\nIn fact, let's take a look at two pieces. First the ecosystem required to interact with Bitcoin and second newer blockchains such as Ethereum.\n\nIt's very hard to ignore the fact that the ecosystem around actually using Bitcoin is full of security vulnerabilities. In fact, simply casting this aside saying that these are known issues is concerning. What evidence is there that this can be easily replaced?\n\nThere's a growing centralization of mining power. Why is this a good thing? Should we somehow feel better that someone with more resources is controlling and making decisions?\n\nSomeone says, ok well fork the chain if you have a problem. Well, I fork Bitcoin and can't an existing mining pool just attempt to attack me?\n\nFact is not easy to take all my Bitcon assets and fork in case of a dispute.\n\nThe centralization of Bitcoin mining power, why is this socially scalable?\n\nSecond observation. Attempts to build an \"ecosystem\" around blockchain is not really functioning so well. There is an army of accountants and lawyers and regulators that are required. Exchanges are 1 area that comes to mind.\n\nWhat about Ethereum? Is this socially scalable? Why is creating a large running world computer deemed to be safe? As if bugs will not happen or creep in? As if serious impacting bugs have not crept in to smart contracts already?\n\nThe biggest and well known computer is the Internet today. It's nowhere close to being socially scalable. There are dozens of bugs everyday, just look at how routing is managed by humans. Internet service providers and the entire industry is regulated.\n\nWould it be nice if we could have social scalability?\n\nSure.\n\nIs it realistic to assume that we can have a large ecosystem?\n\nIf we do, it will clearly be a large technology break through.",
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      "delegatee": "selfdrivingsandp",
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{
  "trx_id": "23a028788676f40214234bc52f65efe384eea176",
  "block": 18724753,
  "trx_in_block": 18,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
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  "timestamp": "2018-01-05T23:31:54",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "parent_permlink": "re-cryptohazard-re-selfdrivingsandp-raiblocks-lack-of-settlement-finality-20180105t210910100z",
      "author": "cryptohazard",
      "permlink": "re-selfdrivingsandp-re-cryptohazard-re-selfdrivingsandp-raiblocks-lack-of-settlement-finality-20180105t233152478z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "What I don't like is how they say: yay we have a DAG it's awesome. The real question is how to choose from two *concurrent* block or chain? They vote hence PoS. So how do they fix PoS issues? I was really disappointed by the attacks they studied in the whitepaper.",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"raiblocks\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\"}"
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{
  "trx_id": "4187dc8507a7b90dccb403e0801062bbf354e6fd",
  "block": 18721907,
  "trx_in_block": 24,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-01-05T21:09:33",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "cryptohazard",
      "parent_permlink": "re-selfdrivingsandp-raiblocks-lack-of-settlement-finality-20180105t183158591z",
      "author": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "permlink": "re-cryptohazard-re-selfdrivingsandp-raiblocks-lack-of-settlement-finality-20180105t210910100z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "One of the first points to address should be how the ledger is balanced. Many of these DAGs sidestep the issue and focus on alternative security attacks.\n\nAt least with PoS we can formalize a model. Many of these DAGs just simply choose to sidestep these particular ledger issues, a little too slick for comfort.",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"raiblocks\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\"}"
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{
  "trx_id": "d210bc73040b236b9014926efa3f4021b3849f8b",
  "block": 18721827,
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-01-05T21:05:33",
  "op": [
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    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "raiblocks",
      "author": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "permlink": "raiblocks-lack-of-settlement-finality",
      "title": "Raiblocks Lack of Settlement Finality",
      "body": "@@ -304,17 +304,16 @@\n e downsi\n-%0A\n de is th\n@@ -432,17 +432,16 @@\n he first\n-%0A\n  major i\n@@ -659,17 +659,16 @@\n ccounts,\n-%0A\n  negativ\n@@ -787,17 +787,16 @@\n dger and\n-%0A\n  sacrifi\n@@ -1043,17 +1043,16 @@\n ombining\n-%0A\n  these a\n@@ -1299,17 +1299,16 @@\n ven pote\n-%0A\n ntially \n@@ -1458,17 +1458,17 @@\n x honest\n-%0A\n+ \n and mali\n",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"raiblocks\",\"security\",\"attack\",\"settlement\",\"byzantine\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
    }
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{
  "trx_id": "ef3e7dca62034f23f367b3a794ab345cd51a34b1",
  "block": 18718760,
  "trx_in_block": 33,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-01-05T18:32:03",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "cryptohazard",
      "author": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "permlink": "raiblocks-lack-of-settlement-finality",
      "weight": 10000
    }
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{
  "trx_id": "667f1472841abcf2fee497a134909a5b3ff30030",
  "block": 18718759,
  "trx_in_block": 4,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-01-05T18:32:00",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "parent_permlink": "raiblocks-lack-of-settlement-finality",
      "author": "cryptohazard",
      "permlink": "re-selfdrivingsandp-raiblocks-lack-of-settlement-finality-20180105t183158591z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "I view them as a PoS consensus. I haven't seen what was the interest of the DAG over a blockchain.",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"raiblocks\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\"}"
    }
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{
  "trx_id": "9a18116e0585f0fd406321370205eaa0cbb462d1",
  "block": 18715053,
  "trx_in_block": 48,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-01-05T15:26:42",
  "op": [
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    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "raiblocks",
      "author": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "permlink": "raiblocks-lack-of-settlement-finality",
      "title": "Raiblocks Lack of Settlement Finality",
      "body": "@@ -35,16 +35,44 @@\n y.%0A%0AThe \n+main issue is that only the \n receiver\n@@ -138,16 +138,19 @@\n ction.%0A%0A\n+## \n What pro\n@@ -891,16 +891,44 @@\n ality.%0A%0A\n+## Potential Attack Vector%0A%0A\n Combinin\n@@ -1518,9 +1518,898 @@\n o decide\n-\n \n+.%0A%0A## Where to go from Here?%0A%0AIt's hard to ignore that Raiblocks made a design design to perform balance updates asynchronously. The fact that the balance itself is included in the sent transaction as a store of record is not explained. What makes this secure? Sure it might be fast though seems like a pretty important design decision to sacrifice performance for speed.%0A%0ABlockchains verify the ledger in each block and take 6 blocks to ensure to strange behavior (in Bitcoin).%0A%0A%0A### Have All Receivers Verify the Entire Ledger?%0A%0AThis hardly seems practical or possible. Especially since a receiver might not be online to confirm a transaction.%0A%0A### Go to epochs and have the ledger validated?%0A%0AThis would make Rablocks a blockchain and no longer a DAG.%0A%0A%0A%0AIn conclusion, Raiblocks seems to only be concerned in the whitepaper with double spends and not the balancing of the ledger itself\n .\n",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"raiblocks\",\"security\",\"attack\",\"settlement\",\"byzantine\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
    }
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{
  "trx_id": "d7d96baeedea81c2f8f613b96ae78de3436198d0",
  "block": 18714922,
  "trx_in_block": 21,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-01-05T15:20:09",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "peterv",
      "parent_permlink": "re-selfdrivingsandp-security-thoughts-on-raiblocks-20180105t121611368z",
      "author": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "permlink": "re-peterv-re-selfdrivingsandp-security-thoughts-on-raiblocks-20180105t152008800z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "I think this is a serious concern that needs to be fully addressed. What you described in combination with a denial of service attack could potentially allow someone to take advantage of the ledger due to the lack of settlement finality.\n\nI wrote up these concerns here https://steemit.com/raiblocks/@selfdrivingsandp/raiblocks-lack-of-settlement-finality",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"raiblocks\"],\"links\":[\"https://steemit.com/raiblocks/@selfdrivingsandp/raiblocks-lack-of-settlement-finality\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\"}"
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{
  "trx_id": "c40fd6424159f40f47d61951edf6d67299c88c5f",
  "block": 18712496,
  "trx_in_block": 13,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-01-05T13:18:48",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "parent_permlink": "security-thoughts-on-raiblocks",
      "author": "peterv",
      "permlink": "re-selfdrivingsandp-security-thoughts-on-raiblocks-20180105t121611368z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "@@ -447,200 +447,223 @@\n s I \n-can easily pick a representative that will never be online and my balance is therefore not represented in conflict votes. Basically this puts more power in the hands of others and thus decreas\n+self-representation which seems to be possible. If many wallets do this they become dead-end-streets when offline and all balances eventually routed to these will not be able to assert their voting power which reduc\n es d\n",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"raiblocks\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\"}"
    }
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{
  "trx_id": "5b2e7a9f330d3d5dd265ca0adb0d70571d90fae3",
  "block": 18712292,
  "trx_in_block": 30,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-01-05T13:08:36",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "parent_permlink": "security-thoughts-on-raiblocks",
      "author": "peterv",
      "permlink": "re-selfdrivingsandp-security-thoughts-on-raiblocks-20180105t121611368z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "@@ -423,8 +423,240 @@\n sewhere.\n+ Another issue is I can easily pick a representative that will never be online and my balance is therefore not represented in conflict votes. Basically this puts more power in the hands of others and thus decreases decentralization.\n",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"raiblocks\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\"}"
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{
  "trx_id": "9a56c6d511e905fc6de4b1039ac3c7ac2922b2af",
  "block": 18711244,
  "trx_in_block": 48,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-01-05T12:16:12",
  "op": [
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    {
      "parent_author": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "parent_permlink": "security-thoughts-on-raiblocks",
      "author": "peterv",
      "permlink": "re-selfdrivingsandp-security-thoughts-on-raiblocks-20180105t121611368z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Very much appreciated this post in the midst of the hype of this coin. I've played a bit with the wallets and functionally it's great to see XRB moving so fast without fees. I also changed my representative to a random one further down the list and this made me wonder how the default representative is selected. I think this is key to the security of the network and the team should expand on this in the whitepaper or elsewhere.",
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  "timestamp": "2018-01-04T17:00:48",
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      "voter": "peterv",
      "author": "selfdrivingsandp",
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{
  "trx_id": "edf244e0d1d5e6a14088a4c6f67eb4d86747f958",
  "block": 18687276,
  "trx_in_block": 50,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
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  "timestamp": "2018-01-04T16:17:12",
  "op": [
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      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "raiblocks",
      "author": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "permlink": "raiblocks-lack-of-settlement-finality",
      "title": "Raiblocks Lack of Settlement Finality",
      "body": "Raiblocks lacks settlement finality.\n\nThe receiver is responsible for the final signature to confirm a transaction.\n\nWhat problems could this lead to?\n\nRaiblocks acocunts manage their own blockchain in order to achieve asynchronous updates and the scaling efficiencies. The downsi\nde is that unless the receiver wallet is online, the sent transaction will never be acknowledged and verified. This is the first\n major issue of the lack of settlement finality. A transaction could be unconfirmed indefinitely.\n\nRaiblocks also places the balance in the send transaction. This means that given enough colluding sender and receiving accounts,\n negative balances can be hidden unless the entire ledger is verified. Though the protocol does not verify the entire ledger and\n sacrifices security for performance. This is the second issue of the lack of settlement finality.\n\nCombining the 2 issues aboves results in flight unconfirmed transactions and a loophole to exploit the actual balance. Combining\n these attack vectors with a well places denial of service attack against the  network (to hide the propagation of the malicious send transactions and also to take down the representatives) makes for an attack vector to tamper with the ledger and even pote\nntially rewriting the ledger. \n\nIn the case of such an attack, how will it be determined who is the honest and malicious balances? An attacker could mix honest\nand malicious accounts to make it difficult to decide.",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"raiblocks\",\"security\",\"attack\",\"settlement\",\"byzantine\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
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{
  "trx_id": "7f55600790c191b4b5979e95336091802fc216f8",
  "block": 18618038,
  "trx_in_block": 30,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-01-02T06:34:18",
  "op": [
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    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "raiblocks",
      "author": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "permlink": "security-thoughts-on-raiblocks",
      "title": "Raiblocks Security Thoughts",
      "body": "@@ -148,16 +148,127 @@\n urity?%0A%0A\n+**Potential %5BBalance attack%5D(https://steemit.com/raiblocks/@selfdrivingsandp/negative-balance-in-raiblocks)**%0A%0A\n Cliff no\n",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"raiblocks\",\"cryptocurrency\",\"security\",\"doublespend\"],\"links\":[\"https://raiblocks.net/media/RaiBlocks_Whitepaper__English.pdf\",\"https://steemit.com/raiblocks/@selfdrivingsandp/negative-balance-in-raiblocks\",\"https://bitcoinist.com/exclusive-interview-raiblocks-team/\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
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  "timestamp": "2018-01-02T00:13:36",
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      "parent_permlink": "raiblocks",
      "author": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "permlink": "negative-balance-in-raiblocks",
      "title": "Negative Balance in Raiblocks?",
      "body": "@@ -436,276 +436,8 @@\n e.%0A%0A\n-It's also noted in the wiki %5BSince send blocks contain an account's balance, in order to calculate the balance from the block chain, only blocks up to the last send need to be kept.%5D(https://github.com/clemahieu/raiblocks/wiki/Design-features#lite-peers-and-pruning)%0A%0A\n So w\n@@ -1020,16 +1020,284 @@\n m their balance?\n+%0A%0AIt's also noted in the wiki %5BSince send blocks contain an account's balance, in order to calculate the balance from the block chain, only blocks up to the last send need to be kept.%5D(https://github.com/clemahieu/raiblocks/wiki/Design-features#lite-peers-and-pruning)\n",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"raiblocks\",\"security\",\"analysis\",\"cryptocurrency\",\"blockchain\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\",\"links\":[\"https://github.com/clemahieu/raiblocks/wiki/Design-features#lite-peers-and-pruning\"]}"
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  "trx_id": "0ad4d3efec7758444ceed0b5e9dcb127be5f3dc5",
  "block": 18610391,
  "trx_in_block": 10,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-01-02T00:11:54",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "raiblocks",
      "author": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "permlink": "negative-balance-in-raiblocks",
      "title": "Negative Balance in Raiblocks?",
      "body": "@@ -432,16 +432,371 @@\n llude.%0A%0A\n+It's also noted in the wiki %5BSince send blocks contain an account's balance, in order to calculate the balance from the block chain, only blocks up to the last send need to be kept.%5D(https://github.com/clemahieu/raiblocks/wiki/Design-features#lite-peers-and-pruning)%0A%0ASo why wouldn't the sender and receiver collude and the sender falsifies the balance?%0A%0A\n So what \n",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"raiblocks\",\"security\",\"analysis\",\"cryptocurrency\",\"blockchain\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\",\"links\":[\"https://github.com/clemahieu/raiblocks/wiki/Design-features#lite-peers-and-pruning\"]}"
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{
  "trx_id": "052a4ed1ddb349d8476e29389d3925c8449f57ff",
  "block": 18610211,
  "trx_in_block": 3,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-01-02T00:02:54",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "raiblocks",
      "author": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "permlink": "negative-balance-in-raiblocks",
      "title": "Negative Balance in Raiblocks?",
      "body": "It seems that it's possible to have a spender with negative balance or even incorrect balance? The whitepaper doesn't clarify how the following ledger attack is prevented?\n\nHow exactly is the balance of a Raiblocks account verified?\n\nWho verifies that balances are not negative? Is it the representatives that somehow should be monitoring all transactions?\n\nIt shouldn't just be the receiver, since the sender and receiver might collude.\n\nSo what happens when a negative balance is detected? How would the network reject this?\n\nThe whitepaper mentions that the sender is allowed to modify their own chain. So what happens when the sender spends coins they don't have?\n\nThe whitepaper only mentions \"If it is a send block, the balance must be less than the previous balance\".\n\nAlso, who makes sure that the sender decrements the spent coins correctly? What prevents the sender from sending 10 coins though only subtracting 1 coin from their balance?",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"raiblocks\",\"security\",\"analysis\",\"cryptocurrency\",\"blockchain\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
    }
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{
  "trx_id": "eb24ccfab12ba3c9f4b76812ceae8d3bf93655e7",
  "block": 18583366,
  "trx_in_block": 3,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-01-01T01:29:06",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "raiblocks",
      "author": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "permlink": "security-thoughts-on-raiblocks",
      "title": "Raiblocks Security Thoughts",
      "body": "@@ -6304,16 +6304,268 @@\n  well.%0A%0A\n+Prediction we will see several large scale denial of service attacks attempted. Attacker will have the opport%0Aunity to affect the price and make serious money.%0A%0ATo execute an attack either a large mining pool or a cloud service can be rented for cheap.\n %0A%0A%0A# Oth\n",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"raiblocks\",\"cryptocurrency\",\"security\",\"doublespend\"],\"links\":[\"https://raiblocks.net/media/RaiBlocks_Whitepaper__English.pdf\",\"https://bitcoinist.com/exclusive-interview-raiblocks-team/\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
    }
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{
  "trx_id": "79f5384ffb606463c26624996f7ab675ca7fc167",
  "block": 18569323,
  "trx_in_block": 41,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-12-31T13:46:54",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "raiblocks",
      "author": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "permlink": "security-thoughts-on-raiblocks",
      "title": "Raiblocks Security Thoughts",
      "body": "@@ -5669,17 +5669,16 @@\n ccur, es\n-%0A\n pecially\n@@ -5954,17 +5954,16 @@\n ot spend\n-%0A\n  their c\n@@ -6105,17 +6105,16 @@\n . If the\n-%0A\n  represe\n@@ -6257,17 +6257,16 @@\n for atta\n-%0A\n cking th\n@@ -6305,16 +6305,18 @@\n well.%0A%0A%0A\n+%0A%0A\n # Other \n",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"raiblocks\",\"cryptocurrency\",\"security\",\"doublespend\"],\"links\":[\"https://raiblocks.net/media/RaiBlocks_Whitepaper__English.pdf\",\"https://bitcoinist.com/exclusive-interview-raiblocks-team/\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
    }
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}

{
  "trx_id": "3e1e7fe454f4defbdda4da74a4cc9c64deb21e3d",
  "block": 18569305,
  "trx_in_block": 40,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-12-31T13:46:00",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "raiblocks",
      "author": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "permlink": "security-thoughts-on-raiblocks",
      "title": "Raiblocks Security Thoughts",
      "body": "@@ -5439,16 +5439,883 @@\n acked.%0A%0A\n+## Incentives and Coin Distribution%0A%0AThird, incentives and coin distribution.%0A%0AThe protocol does not provide any rewards for running a node. Who will provide and run the nodes? We would expect a type of centralization to occur, es%0Apecially as the number of transactions increases with network usage.%0A%0AFurthermore, the number of coins has already been distributed.%0A%0AAs the security relies on a type of delegated proof of stake, the question arises of what financial incentives do the representatives have to not spend%0A their coins? Either the representatives hold their coins (meaning they are not able to spend their wealth) or they spend their coins over time. If the%0A representatives spend their coins over time, we would expect the coins to be distributed to multiple account holders. This means the threshold for atta%0Acking the system decreases over time as well.\n %0A%0A%0A# Oth\n",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"raiblocks\",\"cryptocurrency\",\"security\",\"doublespend\"],\"links\":[\"https://raiblocks.net/media/RaiBlocks_Whitepaper__English.pdf\",\"https://bitcoinist.com/exclusive-interview-raiblocks-team/\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
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  "block": 18485605,
  "trx_in_block": 14,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-12-28T16:00:06",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "author": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "permlink": "security-thoughts-on-raiblocks",
      "weight": 10000
    }
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{
  "trx_id": "c76564f09c736ec5bea85a6f71233767438ad2f2",
  "block": 18485587,
  "trx_in_block": 16,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-12-28T15:59:12",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "raiblocks",
      "author": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "permlink": "security-thoughts-on-raiblocks",
      "title": "Raiblocks Security Thoughts",
      "body": "@@ -1218,17 +1218,17 @@\n nd attac\n-h\n+k\n . It sho\n",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"raiblocks\",\"cryptocurrency\",\"security\",\"doublespend\"],\"links\":[\"https://raiblocks.net/media/RaiBlocks_Whitepaper__English.pdf\",\"https://bitcoinist.com/exclusive-interview-raiblocks-team/\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
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{
  "trx_id": "f8b815b86eaace2a23b989c5a039c541bf52be1b",
  "block": 18485547,
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-12-28T15:57:12",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "raiblocks",
      "author": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "permlink": "security-thoughts-on-raiblocks",
      "title": "Raiblocks Security Thoughts",
      "body": "@@ -148,16 +148,311 @@\n urity?%0A%0A\n+Cliff notes - there isn't sufficient information to claim that Raiblocks is as robust against double spend attacks compared to blockchains such as Bitcoin's proof of work or Peercoin's proof of stake. There are hidden trust assumptions that users of Raiblocks must accept upon using Raiblocks.%0A%0A\n # Double\n",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"raiblocks\",\"cryptocurrency\",\"security\",\"doublespend\"],\"links\":[\"https://raiblocks.net/media/RaiBlocks_Whitepaper__English.pdf\",\"https://bitcoinist.com/exclusive-interview-raiblocks-team/\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
    }
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{
  "trx_id": "09529db2ad52d712ea5fdd82765932cc21c20020",
  "block": 18485491,
  "trx_in_block": 27,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-12-28T15:54:24",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "raiblocks",
      "author": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "permlink": "security-thoughts-on-raiblocks",
      "title": "Raiblocks Security Thoughts",
      "body": "@@ -1963,16 +1963,18 @@\n %0A%0A%0Apg 7 \n+%5B%22\n Block In\n@@ -2170,18 +2170,19 @@\n stantly.\n-%0A%0A\n+%22%5D(\n https://\n@@ -2234,16 +2234,18 @@\n lish.pdf\n+)%0A\n %0A%0A%0A%5B%22We \n",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"raiblocks\",\"cryptocurrency\",\"security\",\"doublespend\"],\"links\":[\"https://raiblocks.net/media/RaiBlocks_Whitepaper__English.pdf\",\"https://bitcoinist.com/exclusive-interview-raiblocks-team/\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
    }
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{
  "trx_id": "5ea5cb8d2d795175d950bf2dd40d7290c99061e4",
  "block": 18485472,
  "trx_in_block": 60,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-12-28T15:53:27",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "raiblocks",
      "author": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "permlink": "security-thoughts-on-raiblocks",
      "title": "Raiblocks Security Thoughts",
      "body": "Raiblocks promises [\"unlimited scalability and no transaction fees\"](https://raiblocks.net/media/RaiBlocks_Whitepaper__English.pdf). What about security?\n\n# Double Spend Background\n\nFundamentally, the double spend problem must be addressed in any payment infrastructure. The system topology increases the difficulty of solving and adequately addressing the double spend problem.\n\nCentralized systems which rely on a payment processor achieve high scalability though require strong trust assumptions.\n\nDecentralized or distributed systems must address a further spectrum of issues, namely those revolving around byzantine agreement.\n\nBitcoin gave a probabilistic solution to the Byzantine agreement problem by the introduction of a proof of work system that dynamically increases the difficulty. An adversary must control greater than 51% of the hash power for a period of time in order to successfully execute a double spend attach. It should be noted that if a double spend attack was executed, the entire network would be aware, as Bitcoin is a peer to peer network where transactions are broadcasted and propagated across the network.\n\nPeercoin pioneered proof of stake. Rather than relying on proof of work to secure the network, Peercoin's proof of stake security guarantees hold as long as the adversary does not control 51% or more of the networks stake for a period of time. Such a stake attack more expensive than a proof of work attack. In addition, proof of stake has lower energy requirements compared to proof of work.\n\n\n\n# Raiblocks Security Claims\n\nNow, let's take a look first at how the \"unlimited scalability\" claim is made in Raiblocks and what type of security properties we can expect.\n\n## Double Spend Prevention Claim\n\nFirst, let's examine what is a Raiblock and the novel \"block-lattice\" structure and see if in fact all that's required to solve the byzantine agreement problem is a novel data structure (and no new consensus algorithms).\n\n\npg 7 Block Interval: Since each account has its own blockchain, updates can be performed asynchronous to the state of network. Therefore there are no block intervals and transactions can be published instantly.\n\nhttps://raiblocks.net/media/RaiBlocks_Whitepaper__English.pdf\n\n\n[\"We really only need to have transactions for an account ordered with respect to other transactions in the same account and since only one account is involved we don’t need network agreement so proof of work is unnecessary.\"](https://bitcoinist.com/exclusive-interview-raiblocks-team/)\n\n\n[\"The only agreement remaining is handling misbehaved clients that try to double spend, which in our system is called creating a fork. We use a weighted vote system to pick only one branch of a fork.\nThis means in the usual case of a well behaved peer your transactions complete instantly without a vote and only the peer is misbehaving are its transactions subject to the slower voting.\"](https://bitcoinist.com/exclusive-interview-raiblocks-team/)\n\n\n\n\nLet's summarise the design so far. \n\nBasically, as long as the network functions honestly, well we can expect no double spends. Ok, how about protecting against double spends?\n\n\nA weighted vote system is used. What exactly are the network requirements for a representative?\n\npg 7 [\"Representative: A representative node requires maximum network resources as it observes vote traffic from other representatives and publishes its own votes.\"](https://raiblocks.net/media/RaiBlocks_Whitepaper__English.pdf)\n\nWho exactly can be a representative?\n\npg 6 [\"Account holders who are unable to reliably participate in voting for connectivity reasons can name a representative who can vote with the weight of their balance. \"](https://raiblocks.net/media/RaiBlocks_Whitepaper__English.pdf)\n\nNot clear on how someone decides which representative to choose and how the selection process should be carried out?\n\nHowever, it's clear that by consolidating the voting power to those network powerful nodes Raiblocks is not distributed and borders on being centralized, or at least controlled by a handful of nodes. It is NOT peer to peer.\n\nWhy is this an issue?\n\nAs the paper points out, consolidating the voting power amongst a few opens the door to denial of service attacks. However, the paper handwaves regarding potential numbers of actual stake required. Without knowing the real distribution of Raiblocks and the allocation and voting distribution of representatives, the number can't be clearly specified.\n\nIs this a concern?\n\nFor someone that cares about targeted security attacks, yes.\n\n\n\n## Free Transactions\nSecond, transaction fees.\n\nThe paper mentions no transaction fees as a positive point. However, are no transaction fees really advantageous for security?\n\nRaiblocks relies on a minimal proof of work before sending each transaction, it claims similar to Hashcash.\n\nHowever, from an attacker's perspective having to spend the cryptocurrency's money as opposed to using cheap electricity to generate PoW, the spent transaction fee will mitigate and defer transaction spam more than PoW. The spent transaction fee requires a stake in the network being attacked.\n\n\n\n\n# Other concerns\n\n## C++ Codebase\n\n\"Raiblocks code is totally new and completely built from scratch\" (in C++)\n\nMaybe the bug bounty can help with this.\n\n\n## Exchanges\n\nWhat's the point of no transaction fees when exchanges charge 20% fees and require minimum balances for withdrawal?",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"raiblocks\",\"cryptocurrency\",\"security\",\"doublespend\"],\"links\":[\"https://raiblocks.net/media/RaiBlocks_Whitepaper__English.pdf\",\"https://bitcoinist.com/exclusive-interview-raiblocks-team/\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
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{
  "trx_id": "6ddbe6d221eb6aac8c829d14c3ea51c2866ad0d7",
  "block": 18485456,
  "trx_in_block": 19,
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  "timestamp": "2017-12-28T15:52:39",
  "op": [
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    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "raiblocks",
      "author": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "permlink": "security-thoughts-on-raiblocks",
      "title": "Security thoughts on Raiblocks",
      "body": "Raiblocks promises [\"unlimited scalability and no transaction fees\"](https://raiblocks.net/media/RaiBlocks_Whitepaper__English.pdf). What about security?\n\n# Double Spend Background\n\nFundamentally, the double spend problem must be addressed in any payment infrastructure. The system topology increases the difficulty of solving and adequately addressing the double spend problem.\n\nCentralized systems which rely on a payment processor achieve high scalability though require strong trust assumptions.\n\nDecentralized or distributed systems must address a further spectrum of issues, namely those revolving around byzantine agreement.\n\nBitcoin gave a probabilistic solution to the Byzantine agreement problem by the introduction of a proof of work system that dynamically increases the difficulty. An adversary must control greater than 51% of the hash power for a period of time in order to successfully execute a double spend attach. It should be noted that if a double spend attack was executed, the entire network would be aware, as Bitcoin is a peer to peer network where transactions are broadcasted and propagated across the network.\n\nPeercoin pioneered proof of stake. Rather than relying on proof of work to secure the network, Peercoin's proof of stake security guarantees hold as long as the adversary does not control 51% or more of the networks stake for a period of time. Such a stake attack more expensive than a proof of work attack. In addition, proof of stake has lower energy requirements compared to proof of work.\n\n\n\n# Raiblocks Security Claims\n\nNow, let's take a look first at how the \"unlimited scalability\" claim is made in Raiblocks and what type of security properties we can expect.\n\n## Double Spend Prevention Claim\n\nFirst, let's examine what is a Raiblock and the novel \"block-lattice\" structure and see if in fact all that's required to solve the byzantine agreement problem is a novel data structure (and no new consensus algorithms).\n\n\npg 7 Block Interval: Since each account has its own blockchain, updates can be performed asynchronous to the state of network. Therefore there are no block intervals and transactions can be published instantly.\n\nhttps://raiblocks.net/media/RaiBlocks_Whitepaper__English.pdf\n\n\n[\"We really only need to have transactions for an account ordered with respect to other transactions in the same account and since only one account is involved we don’t need network agreement so proof of work is unnecessary.\"](https://bitcoinist.com/exclusive-interview-raiblocks-team/)\n\n\n[\"The only agreement remaining is handling misbehaved clients that try to double spend, which in our system is called creating a fork. We use a weighted vote system to pick only one branch of a fork.\nThis means in the usual case of a well behaved peer your transactions complete instantly without a vote and only the peer is misbehaving are its transactions subject to the slower voting.\"](https://bitcoinist.com/exclusive-interview-raiblocks-team/)\n\n\n\n\nLet's summarise the design so far. \n\nBasically, as long as the network functions honestly, well we can expect no double spends. Ok, how about protecting against double spends?\n\n\nA weighted vote system is used. What exactly are the network requirements for a representative?\n\npg 7 [\"Representative: A representative node requires maximum network resources as it observes vote traffic from other representatives and publishes its own votes.\"](https://raiblocks.net/media/RaiBlocks_Whitepaper__English.pdf)\n\nWho exactly can be a representative?\n\npg 6 [\"Account holders who are unable to reliably participate in voting for connectivity reasons can name a representative who can vote with the weight of their balance. \"](https://raiblocks.net/media/RaiBlocks_Whitepaper__English.pdf)\n\nNot clear on how someone decides which representative to choose and how the selection process should be carried out?\n\nHowever, it's clear that by consolidating the voting power to those network powerful nodes Raiblocks is not distributed and borders on being centralized, or at least controlled by a handful of nodes. It is NOT peer to peer.\n\nWhy is this an issue?\n\nAs the paper points out, consolidating the voting power amongst a few opens the door to denial of service attacks. However, the paper handwaves regarding potential numbers of actual stake required. Without knowing the real distribution of Raiblocks and the allocation and voting distribution of representatives, the number can't be clearly specified.\n\nIs this a concern?\n\nFor someone that cares about targeted security attacks, yes.\n\n\n\n## Free Transactions\nSecond, transaction fees.\n\nThe paper mentions no transaction fees as a positive point. However, are no transaction fees really advantageous for security?\n\nRaiblocks relies on a minimal proof of work before sending each transaction, it claims similar to Hashcash.\n\nHowever, from an attacker's perspective having to spend the cryptocurrency's money as opposed to using cheap electricity to generate PoW, the spent transaction fee will mitigate and defer transaction spam more than PoW. The spent transaction fee requires a stake in the network being attacked.\n\n\n\n\n# Other concerns\n\n## C++ Codebase\n\n\"Raiblocks code is totally new and completely built from scratch\" (in C++)\n\nMaybe the bug bounty can help with this.\n\n\n## Exchanges\n\nWhat's the point of no transaction fees when exchanges charge 20% fees and require minimum balances for withdrawal?",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"raiblocks\",\"cryptocurrency\",\"security\",\"doublespend\"],\"links\":[\"https://raiblocks.net/media/RaiBlocks_Whitepaper__English.pdf\",\"https://bitcoinist.com/exclusive-interview-raiblocks-team/\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
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  "op": [
    "transfer",
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      "from": "hottopic",
      "to": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "amount": "0.001 STEEM",
      "memo": "Hello selfdrivingsandp. I Followed you.If you follow me, I'll be happy.Thanks :)"
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  "trx_id": "5f42e91ce6a51db63b3d4d363edbdb4b670715a8",
  "block": 18339545,
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      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "trust",
      "author": "selfdrivingsandp",
      "permlink": "data-authentication",
      "title": "Data Authentication",
      "body": "When data is received from a device, what guarantees do we have that the data is indeed authentic?\n\nTrusted hardware leads us to believe that a device with a trusted platform module should be trusted. How much is this true?\n\nWe would have to trust the TPM itself.\n\nHow do we form trust from unverified sources?\n\nIn many cases it is the corroboration of multiple data sources that allows us to eventually take the data as verified and authentic.\n\nThis happens in network protocols. Reliable protocols are built on top of unreliable protocols.\n\nThis is sometimes done in testimony. The facts must be corroborated.\n\nWhat's the difference? Ultimately in the testimony there is a jury and judge. Jury makes a decision as to the ultimate conclusion, that implicitly decides what data is verified.\n\nWe need a protocol to corroborate and verify data.\n\nFake news is one such example today where its needed. Multiple news sources will show the facts.\n\nWhat's the issue?\n\nThere are enough competiting news sources that will distort the facts.",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"trust\",\"authentication\",\"data\",\"verification\",\"security\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
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      "parent_permlink": "advancements-of-lidar",
      "author": "minnowpond",
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      "body": "http://i.imgur.com/0L71kDM.png\nThis post was resteemed by @steemitrobot!\nGood Luck!\n\n> **Resteem your post just send 0.100 SBD or Steem with your post ID on memo. We have over 2000 followers. Take our service to reach more People.**\n\n> **Pro Plan just send 1 SBD or Steem with your post ID on memo we will resteem your post and send 10 upvotes from our Associate Accounts.**\n\nThe @steemitrobot users are a small but growing community.\nCheck out the other resteemed posts in steemitrobot's feed.\nSome of them are truly great. Please upvote this comment for helping me grow.",
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      "title": "Advancements of LIDAR",
      "body": "LIDAR has been advancing rapidly in the past year. While Elon Musk has famously denounced the merits of LIDAR [here](https://techcrunch.com/2016/07/15/elon-musk-adamantly-standing-by-improving-radar-even-though-its-so-close-to-lidar/), [here](https://9to5google.com/2015/10/16/elon-musk-says-that-the-lidar-google-uses-in-its-self-driving-car-doesnt-make-sense-in-a-car-context/) [here](https://insideevs.com/elon-musk-tesla-doesnt-need-lidar-will-tweak-radar-to-be-lidar-like/)\n\n> That said, I don’t think you need LIDAR. I think you can do this all with passive optical and then with maybe one forward RADAR… if you are driving fast into rain or snow or dust. I think that completely solves it without the use of LIDAR. I’m not a big fan of LIDAR, I don’t think it makes sense in this context.\n\nHowever, we now have LIDAR that captures millions of points per second and can handle fog and other unclear conditions [here](http://image-sensors-world.blogspot.com/2017/09/luminar-on-automotive-lidar-progress.html)\n\nExpect to see the uptake of LIDAR to increase.\n\nToyota and GM just made large purchases of LIDAR companies. [here](https://techcrunch.com/2017/09/27/luminar-lidar-toyota-research-institute/) and [here](https://www.theverge.com/2017/10/9/16448306/gm-cruise-strobe-lidar-acquisition)",
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