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      "author": "steemitboard",
      "body": "Congratulations @redbutterfly! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@redbutterfly/birthday1.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 1 year!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@redbutterfly) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](http://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=redbutterfly)_</sub>\n\n\n**Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:**\n<table><tr><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/the-steem-blockchain-survived-its-first-virus-plague\"><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/64x128/https://steemitimages.com/0x0/![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmYKnawrtqFCShyVvVs4QS7548eretcMUKQJc3D2f69pb9/image.png)\"></a></td><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/the-steem-blockchain-survived-its-first-virus-plague\">The Steem blockchain survived its first virus plague!</a></td></tr></table>\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
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      "author": "moyu",
      "body": "有一个问题哦  我如果竞拍一个短名字  24小时没有人跟我抢过的话  会成交么？还是因为有别人竞拍的价格别我高而不成交呢？",
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      "author": "crazybits",
      "body": "时效24小时的这部分逻辑在哪里，可以贴一下源码位置吗",
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      "author": "redbutterfly",
      "body": "最大的问题是，即使不是你需要抢注的名字，比如你抢注 aaa，有人抢注bbb，出价比你的高。系统会优先承认bbb的，然后，你的就要**再**等24小时。他人一直在用高价抢注他们的名称，你的就会一直向后延。\n明明你需要的是个没人关注的名字，但是，你要想获得这个账户名，那你就要拿出比任何名字都高的价格才行",
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      "author": "redbutterfly",
      "body": "最大的问题是，即使不是你需要抢注的名字，比如你抢注 aaa，有人抢注bbb，出价比你的高。系统会优先承认bbb的，然后，你的就要**再**等24小时。他人一直在用高价抢注他们的名称，你的就会一直向后延",
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      "author": "redbutterfly",
      "body": "从普通用户的角度考虑，EOS还是很有竞争力的，毕竟，将最主要的RAM资源由公司承担，用户能够“享用”免费的资源",
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      "author": "ifttt",
      "body": "每回出价高10%，24小时内没有更高的出价则成交，如果有人继续出价则继续等待24小时。这规则很简单、直接、公平，好像没有啥槽点啊。",
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    {
      "author": "ifttt",
      "body": "每回出价高10%，24小时内没有更高的出价则成交，如果有人继续出价则继续等待24小时。这规则很简单、直接、公平。",
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      "body": "今天发布了 `EOSIO v1.0.2`，有一个主要更新就是，增加了短账户名竞拍功能；\n使用以下两个命令：\n```\ncleos system bidname  bider name SYStoken //对名称进行竞拍\ncleos system bidnameinfo  name //查看竞拍情况\n```\n\n但是，通过查看eosio.system合约源码，查看到竞拍有个很严重的问题，首先，说一下规则：\n1. 想要创建短于12字符的账户名，首先，要用上面的命令对名称进行竞拍，24小时之后，没有任何竞拍者，则竞拍成功（注意：任何）；\n2. 假如，对同一名称，有人竞拍价更高，则重新记录竞拍时间，再等24小时；\n3. 对同一名字，竞拍必须高出原价格的10%；\n4. 无论是哪个名字的竞拍，只要是目前所有竞拍里出价最高的，就优先出价最高的；\n\n就是最后一条，实在是恶心，假如我出10 EOS竞拍red，如果，在23小时的时候，有人出11 EOS竞拍 fly；\n则，系统先查看他的，直到他成功之后，成功的24之后，我才会成功；\n假如，这期间，又有出价高竞拍其他名字，我的竞拍继续延后。。。。\n无语，系统有些恶心。",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"eos\",\"cn\",\"bid\",\"bidname\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}",
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "eos",
      "permlink": "eos",
      "title": "EOS账户名竞拍有点恶心"
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      "author": "steemitboard",
      "body": "Congratulations @redbutterfly! You have completed some achievement on Steemit and have been rewarded with new badge(s) :\n\n[![](https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/notifications/firstpost.png)](http://steemitboard.com/@redbutterfly) You published your First Post\n[![](https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/notifications/firstvoted.png)](http://steemitboard.com/@redbutterfly) You got a First Vote\n\n<sub>_Click on the badge to view your Board of Honor._</sub>\n<sub>_If you no longer want to receive notifications, reply to this comment with the word_ `STOP`</sub>\n\n\n\n> Do you like [SteemitBoard's project](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)? Then **[Vote for its witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1)** and **get one more award**!",
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{
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      "author": "redbutterfly",
      "body": "####  问题\n昨天，即4月22日，BEC合约 *(是美链公司发布的token，于今年2月上线交易)* 出现重大漏洞，现已暂停交易。\n\n####  合约BUG\nBEC的合约代码：[Beauty Chain 美蜜](https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//etherscan.io/address/0xc5d105e63711398af9bbff092d4b6769c82f793d) 中出现严重bug，可以通过合约的批量转账的功能，无限复制token，参考文章[一行代码蒸发了¥6,447,277,680 人民币！](https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/35989258)。\n\n详细问题，在上面的文章中已经讲得很详细，此处进行简单的总结：\n1. 合约代码中，有一个批量转账的功能，代码为：\n```\n  function batchTransfer(address[] _receivers, uint256 _value) public whenNotPaused returns (bool) {\n    uint cnt = _receivers.length;\n    uint256 amount = uint256(cnt) * _value;\n    require(cnt > 0 && cnt <= 20);\n    require(_value > 0 && balances[msg.sender] >= amount);\n\n    balances[msg.sender] = balances[msg.sender].sub(amount);\n    for (uint i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {\n        balances[_receivers[i]] = balances[_receivers[i]].add(_value);\n        Transfer(msg.sender, _receivers[i], _value);\n    }\n    return true;\n  }\n```\n该功能能够接收一个地址列表，然后向每一份地址转账_value个token；\n2. 开发过C/C++的程序员，或者其他编译型语言的程序员应该知道，数值变量有溢出问题，所以，比如uint8的取值为0~255，一般的溢出算法下的话，255+1 == 0， 0-1 == 255。所以，在进行算术运算的时候，需要比较注意数值溢出问题；\n3. 上面合约中，`uint256 amount = uint256(cnt) * _value;` 这句没有进行溢出判断，\n也就是说，假设uint256最大值为MAX的话，如果转账数值 uint256(cnt) * _value == MAX+1，则amount=0，\n转账的时候，sender账户-amount，而接受者账户+_value，至此，就能够无限转账BEC了。\n\n####  问题所在\n合约的代码中，其实已经实现了安全的数学算法：\n```\nlibrary SafeMath {\n  function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal constant returns (uint256) {\n    uint256 c = a * b;\n    assert(a == 0 || c / a == b);\n    return c;\n  }\n\n  function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal constant returns (uint256) {\n    // assert(b > 0); // Solidity automatically throws when dividing by 0\n    uint256 c = a / b;\n    // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold\n    return c;\n  }\n\n  function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal constant returns (uint256) {\n    assert(b <= a);\n    return a - b;\n  }\n\n  function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal constant returns (uint256) {\n    uint256 c = a + b;\n    assert(c >= a);\n    return c;\n  }\n}\n```\n但是，上面的乘法功能，并未使用自己实现的安全算法，从而导致bug出现；\n#### 反思\n* 智能合约的开发，是代码公开的方式，所以，开发时候一定要严格检查、测试；数据溢出、逻辑错误等等问题会导致严重的后果；\n* EOS的token开发，有官方的结构体asset，源代码在eos/contracts/eosiolib/asset.h，其中各种算数、逻辑运算都进行了安全判断。所以，在开发有关金融、数字货币等功能的时候，尽量使用该结构体；",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"bec\",\"bug\"],\"links\":[\"https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//etherscan.io/address/0xc5d105e63711398af9bbff092d4b6769c82f793d\",\"https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/35989258\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}",
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "bec",
      "permlink": "bec",
      "title": "美链(BEC)漏洞反思"
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{
  "block": 23145580,
  "op": [
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    {
      "author": "redbutterfly",
      "body": "1、概要\n关于如何编译EOS源码、编译docker镜像，搭建节点等等，官方都有相关文档，\n\n2、本次合约介绍\n之前在eos dawn 2.0版本，有个示例合约 simpledb，公司需求的智能合约就是实现了类似合约，所以，之前我实现的版本就是根据这个修改的。而且，该合约主要使用的是2.0版中的 db.h头文件中的函数 store_str，以字符串为索引，保存结构体的功能；\n但是，在3.0版本中，该功能暂时删除，只能暂时使用其他功能代替，目前，决定使用multi_index容器；\n\n3、multi_index\neos dawn 3.0中的multi_index，使用方法和boost中的multi_index，非常类似，就是多重索引容器，假如清楚其使用方法的话，应该对这个比较熟悉；\n\n声明\ntypedef eosio::multi_index< tablename,  typename> table( code, scope);\n其中，需要的几个参数，如其命名含义：\n\ntablename：该table的名称；\ntypename: 该容器存储的结构体；\ncode：本合约的名称，例如 N(tests)；\nscope：数据存储的账户名；\n多级索引\n声明时候，可以使用以下方式声明二级索引，或多级索引：\n\ntypedef eosio::multi_index< tablename,  typename,\n  index_by< scope, const_mem_fun<typename, index_type,   typename::method> >\n> table( code, scope);\n但是，目前二级索引，只支持uint64_t、uint128_t、 key256(eosio的内建类型) 具体如使用，会在后续程序里面讲解；\n\n方法\n声明完成后，可以使用以下功能：\n\ntable.emplace(scope, [&]( auto& g ) { ... }) 添加数据；\ntable.find(primary_key) 用关键字查找；\ntable.modify(itr, scope, [&]( auto& g ) { ... }) 修改数据；\ntable.erase(itr) 删除\ntable.begin() 数据起始\ntable.end() 数据末尾\n...\n4、更符合面向对象的新合约\nDawn3.0的新合约编写方式见：新格式\n该合约要实现以下功能：\n\n每个用户能够上传自己的blog文章；\n其他用户能够审核该用户的文章是否正确；\n作者可以查询文章状态和数量；\n结构定义如下，即abi文件：\n\n{\n  \"____comment\": \"This file was generated by eosio-abigen. DO NOT EDIT - 2018-04-16T07:24:15\",\n  \"types\": [],\n  \"structs\": [{\n      \"name\": \"account\",\n      \"base\": \"\",\n      \"fields\": [{\n          \"name\": \"owner\",\n          \"type\": \"account_name\"\n        },{\n          \"name\": \"blognum\",\n          \"type\": \"uint32\"\n        }\n      ]\n    },{\n      \"name\": \"blog\",\n      \"base\": \"\",\n      \"fields\": [{\n          \"name\": \"ID\",\n          \"type\": \"uint64\"\n        },{\n          \"name\": \"status\",\n          \"type\": \"uint8\"\n        },{\n          \"name\": \"approve_status\",\n          \"type\": \"string\"\n        },{\n          \"name\": \"producer\",\n          \"type\": \"account_name\"\n        },{\n          \"name\": \"reviewer\",\n          \"type\": \"account_name\"\n        },{\n          \"name\": \"content\",\n          \"type\": \"string\"\n        }\n      ]\n    },{\n      \"name\": \"upload\",\n      \"base\": \"\",\n      \"fields\": [{\n          \"name\": \"producer\",\n          \"type\": \"account_name\"\n        },{\n          \"name\": \"content\",\n          \"type\": \"string\"\n        }\n      ]\n    },{\n      \"name\": \"reviewing\",\n      \"base\": \"\",\n      \"fields\": [{\n          \"name\": \"ID\",\n          \"type\": \"uint64\"\n        },{\n          \"name\": \"reviewer\",\n          \"type\": \"account_name\"\n        }\n      ]\n    },{\n      \"name\": \"approved\",\n      \"base\": \"\",\n      \"fields\": [{\n          \"name\": \"ID\",\n          \"type\": \"uint64\"\n        }\n      ]\n    },{\n      \"name\": \"disapprove\",\n      \"base\": \"\",\n      \"fields\": [{\n          \"name\": \"ID\",\n          \"type\": \"uint64\"\n        },{\n          \"name\": \"reason\",\n          \"type\": \"string\"\n        }\n      ]\n    },{\n      \"name\": \"remove\",\n      \"base\": \"\",\n      \"fields\": [{\n          \"name\": \"ID\",\n          \"type\": \"uint64\"\n        }\n      ]\n    }\n  ],\n  \"actions\": [{\n      \"name\": \"upload\",\n      \"type\": \"upload\",\n      \"ricardian_contract\": \"\"\n    },{\n      \"name\": \"reviewing\",\n      \"type\": \"reviewing\",\n      \"ricardian_contract\": \"\"\n    },{\n      \"name\": \"approved\",\n      \"type\": \"approved\",\n      \"ricardian_contract\": \"\"\n    },{\n      \"name\": \"disapprove\",\n      \"type\": \"disapprove\",\n      \"ricardian_contract\": \"\"\n    },{\n      \"name\": \"remove\",\n      \"type\": \"remove\",\n      \"ricardian_contract\": \"\"\n    }\n  ],\n  \"tables\": [{\n      \"name\": \"account\",\n      \"index_type\": \"i64\",\n      \"key_names\": [\n        \"owner\"\n      ],\n      \"key_types\": [\n        \"account_name\"\n      ],\n      \"type\": \"account\"\n    },{\n      \"name\": \"blog\",\n      \"index_type\": \"i64\",\n      \"key_names\": [\n        \"ID\"\n      ],\n      \"key_types\": [\n        \"uint64\"\n      ],\n      \"type\": \"blog\"\n    }\n  ],\n  \"clauses\": []\n}\n总结如下：\n\ntable: account(存储用户blog数量)、blog(保存用户blog);\naction:\nupload 上传blog信息；\nreviewing 审核员开始审核；\napproved 通过审核；\ndisapprove 未通过审核；\nremove 用户删除自己blog；\n5、代码\n/**\n *  @file\n *  @copyright defined in eos/LICENSE.txt\n *  @auther: redbutterfly\n *  @createtime: 2018-04-16\n */\n#include <eosiolib/eosio.hpp>\n#include <eosiolib/multi_index.hpp>\n#include <eosiolib/contract.hpp>\n\nusing eosio::indexed_by;\nusing eosio::const_mem_fun;\nusing std::string;\n\n\nclass blog_view : public eosio::contract {\n    public:\n        using contract::contract;\n        blog_view(account_name self)\n            :eosio::contract(self),\n            accounts(_self, _self),\n            idlists(_self, _self),\n            init_status(std::string(64,'0'))\n            {}\n\n        /// @abi action\n        void upload(const account_name producer, const std::string content) {\n            require_auth(producer);\n            \n            blog_index upload_blogs(_self, producer);\n            //获取ID\n            uint32_t nowID = get_ID();\n\n            //TODO: add the dedup\n            upload_blogs.emplace(producer, [&]( auto& g ) {\n                g.ID = nowID;\n                g.status = Status::s_uploaded;\n                g.producer = producer;\n                g.content = content;\n                g.approve_status = init_status;\n            });\n\n            //在idlist添加，ID--producer关系，用于之后通过ID查询producer\n            idlists.emplace(_self, [&]( auto& g ) {\n                g.ID = nowID;\n                g.producer = producer;\n            });\n\n            //blog数量+1\n            blognum_op(producer, '+');\n        }\n\n        /// @abi action\n        void reviewing(const uint64_t ID, const account_name reviewer) {\n            require_auth(reviewer);\n\n            //先通过idlist查询ID，获取用户名，然后才能用mutil_index查询具体用户的blog，下同\n            auto itrid = idlists.find(ID);\n            eosio_assert(itrid != idlists.end(), \"this blog doesn't exists!\\n\");\n\n            blog_index review_blogs(_self, itrid->producer);\n\n            auto itr = review_blogs.find( ID );\n            eosio_assert(itr != review_blogs.end(), \"this blog doesn't exists!\\n\");\n            eosio_assert(itr->producer != reviewer, \"you can't review youself!\\n\");\n            eosio_assert(itr->status == Status::s_uploaded, \"this blog is reviewing or reviewed!\\n\");\n            \n            review_blogs.modify(itr, itrid->producer, [&](auto& g){\n                g.status = Status::s_reviewing;\n                g.reviewer = reviewer;\n            });\n        }\n\n        /// @abi action\n        void approved(const uint64_t ID) {\n\n            auto itrid = idlists.find(ID);\n            eosio_assert(itrid != idlists.end(), \"this blog doesn't exists!\\n\");\n            blog_index approve_blogs(_self, itrid->producer);\n\n            auto itr = approve_blogs.find( ID );\n            eosio_assert(itr != approve_blogs.end(), \"this blog doesn't exists!\\n\");\n            eosio_assert(itr->status == Status::s_reviewing, \"this blog is reviewed!\\n\");\n            require_auth(itr->reviewer);\n            \n            approve_blogs.modify(itr, itrid->producer, [&](auto& g){\n                g.status = Status::s_approved;\n                g.approve_status = std::string(\"approved\");\n            });\n        }\n\n        /// @abi action\n        void disapprove(const uint64_t ID, std::string reason) {\n\n            auto itrid = idlists.find(ID);\n            eosio_assert(itrid != idlists.end(), \"this blog doesn't exists!\\n\");\n            blog_index disappr_policys(_self, itrid->producer);\n\n            auto itr = disappr_policys.find( ID );\n            eosio_assert(itr != disappr_policys.end(), \"this blog doesn't exists!\\n\");\n            eosio_assert(itr->status == Status::s_reviewing, \"this blog is reviewed!\\n\");\n            require_auth(itr->reviewer);\n            \n            disappr_policys.modify(itr, itrid->producer, [&](auto& g){\n                g.status = Status::s_disapprove;\n                g.approve_status = reason;\n            });\n        }\n\n        /// @abi action\n        void remove(const uint64_t ID) {\n            auto itrid = idlists.find(ID);\n            eosio_assert(itrid != idlists.end(), \"this blog doesn't exists!\\n\");\n            blog_index remove_policys(_self, itrid->producer);\n\n            auto itr = remove_policys.find( ID );\n            eosio_assert(itr != remove_policys.end(), \"this blog doesn't exists!\\n\");\n            require_auth(itr->producer);\n            \n            //使用erase删除\n            remove_policys.erase(itr);\n            blognum_op(itr->producer, '-');\n        }\n\n\n    private:\n        enum Status {s_uploaded,s_reviewing,s_approved,s_disapprove};\n\n        /**\n         * 用于保存用户信息，保存用户文章数量\n         * @abi table account i64\n         */\n        struct account {\n            account( account_name o = account_name() ):owner(o){}\n\n            account_name owner;\n            uint32_t     blognum = 0;\n\n            bool is_empty()const { return !blognum; }\n\n            uint64_t primary_key()const { return owner; }\n\n            EOSLIB_SERIALIZE( account, (owner)(blognum) )\n        };\n\n        typedef eosio::multi_index< N(account), account> account_index;\n\n        /**\n         * 保存文章ID和用户关系，假如不保存，则审核员每次都要提交文章作者；\n         */\n        struct idlist {\n            uint64_t ID;\n            account_name producer;\n\n            uint64_t primary_key()const { return ID; }\n\n            EOSLIB_SERIALIZE( idlist, (ID)(producer) )\n        };\n        typedef eosio::multi_index< N(idlist), idlist> idlist_index;\n\n        //@abi table blog i64\n        struct blog {\n            uint64_t ID;\n            uint8_t status;\n            std::string approve_status;\n            account_name producer;\n            account_name reviewer;\n            std::string content;\n\n            auto primary_key() const { return ID; }\n\n            EOSLIB_SERIALIZE( blog, (ID)(status)(approve_status)(producer)(reviewer)(content) )\n        }; \n\n        typedef eosio::multi_index< N(blog), blog> blog_index;\n\n        account_index accounts;\n        idlist_index idlists;\n        std::string init_status;\n\n        // get the code's policynum\n        uint32_t get_ID() {\n            auto itr = accounts.find( _self );\n            if ( itr == accounts.end() ) {\n                return 0;\n            } else {\n                return itr->blognum;\n            }\n        }\n\n        /**\n         * to operate the account's policynum\n         * op : '+','-'\n         */\n        void blognum_op(account_name name, char op) {\n            auto itr = accounts.find( name );\n            if ( itr == accounts.end() ) {\n                accounts.emplace(name, [&]( auto& g ) {\n                    g.owner = name;\n                    g.blognum = 1;\n                });\n            } else {\n                if( op == '+' ) {\n                    accounts.modify(itr, itr->owner, []( auto& g ) {g.blognum += 1;});\n                } else if( op == '-' ) {\n                    accounts.modify(itr, itr->owner, []( auto& g ) {g.blognum -= 1;});\n                }\n            }\n\n            itr = accounts.find( _self );\n            if ( itr == accounts.end() ) {\n                accounts.emplace(_self, [&]( auto& g ) {\n                    g.owner = _self;\n                    g.blognum = 1;\n                });\n            } else {\n                if( op == '+' ) {\n                    accounts.modify(itr, itr->owner, []( auto& g ) {g.blognum += 1;});\n                }\n            }\n        }\n};\n\nEOSIO_ABI( blog_view, (upload)(reviewing)(approved)(disapprove)(remove) )\n要点简单总结：\n\n智能合约的开发，主要是要摒弃之前开发习惯，因为要在一定的限制下开发需要的功能；比如，在审查员审查blog的时候，在blog_index结构中，用scope作为主分类，然后使用ID作为primary_key，这样就要求每次要查询primary_key的时候，首先要知道scope，但是，虽然审查员可以每次都传入producer，但是太过麻烦，这种时候，就要在生成一个结构体idlist，用于存储这种关系，因为idlist的scope是合约本身，这就可以避免不知道scope的情况；\n在进行upload时候，blog的approve_status属性是string，我将其初始化为一个64字符的字符串。此处是因为，假如我先设置空值，或短字符串的时候，当审核员要修改此string，并超过原先值的时候，就需要producer的权限，正常来说，审核员要提交了，还需要上传者的权限，这就不对了。所以，此处设置一个长字符串，并要求审核员设置不要超过64；\n其他，就没有什么难点或者问题了。\n\n6、执行\n使用eosiocpp编译完后，执行上传：\nimage.png\n\n使用tester作为上传者，先上传两个blog：\nimage.png\n\n使用get table查看上传结果：\nimage.png\n\n审核员yanyan先开始审核第二个，发送开始审核action：\nimage.png\n\n审核通过后，发送通过的action：\nimage.png\n审核第一个(略过reviewing，同上)，但是，发现问题，执行审核不通过：\n\nimage.png\n\n用户看到审核不通，则删除不通过的合约：\nimage.png\n\n以上，就是该智能合约的执行过程。\n7、其他\n当然，该合约还有很多可以改进的地方，比如blog增加第二个key，更加方便的排重，或者添加统计未审核blog的table，方便审核员查找等等。",
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      "permlink": "eos-blogview",
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