{
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  "timestamp": "2019-05-21T05:44:45",
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      "parent_permlink": "top-code-submitting-projects-last-month-lisk-jibrel-network-qtum",
      "author": "steemitboard",
      "permlink": "steemitboard-notify-ratingtoken-20190521t054444000z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Congratulations @ratingtoken! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@ratingtoken/birthday1.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 1 year!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@ratingtoken) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](http://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=ratingtoken)_</sub>\n\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
      "json_metadata": "{\"image\":[\"https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png\"]}"
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  "timestamp": "2019-03-16T06:14:15",
  "op": [
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    {
      "from": "dlease",
      "to": "ratingtoken",
      "amount": "0.001 STEEM",
      "memo": "BuildTeam is proud to announce the release of DLease.io - our flagship P2P leasing marketplace app, aimed at assisting Steemians in leasing and delegating STEEM POWER for daily passive returns, with recent yields as high as 20% APR. DLease.io is a professional grade app , designed to replace the current MinnowBooster.net leasing market which has to date facilitated nearly 20 Million STEEM POWER in lease value to happy BuildTeam customers. View the new app at https://dlease.io/ or read the announcement post on https://steemit.com/@dlease."
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      "amount": "0.001 STEEM",
      "memo": "Promote your post. Your post will be min. 10  resteemed with over 13000  followers and min. 25  Upvote Different account. Your post will be more popular and you will find new friends. Send 0.5 SBD or STEEM to @allaz (post URL as memo ) Service Active."
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{
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  "block": 30685396,
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  "op": [
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    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "cryptocurrency",
      "author": "ratingtoken",
      "permlink": "top-code-submitting-projects-last-month-lisk-jibrel-network-qtum",
      "title": "Top code submitting projects last month: Lisk, Jibrel Network, Qtum",
      "body": "There are currently 260 projects with more than US$5 million market capitalization, of which only 29.61% projects continuously submit code on github within nearly 30 days. \n\nTop three projects submitted last month are: Lisk, Jibrel Network, Qtum.\nBelow is the rating for Lisk , Jibrel , Qtum projects on RatingToken. \n\nLisk rating is 4.0/5, which defeats 96% circulating projects. Overall performance, technical strength is good, community discussion is active, discussion content is Neutral. \n![twitter-2.22-1.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmUTrdK8h4kfnYyApztzuo3QM4hniFfh4PxUTVbrhBZiD2/twitter-2.22-1.png)\n\nJibrel Network rating is 3.6/5, which defeats 91% circulating projects. Overall performance is good with outstanding technical strength, active Neutral discussion in community.\n![twitter-2.22-2.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmUCv46pP4wuiKJp2Weh3evJ4cvD5WEHGHxEsMM9E9ujuj/twitter-2.22-2.png)\n\nQtum rating is 4.1/5, which defeats 97% circulating projects. Overall performance is excellent, technical strength is normal, discussion in community is active and discussion content is positive.\n![twitter-2.22-3.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmb77Gi9C34Cr18ui98YkjVVX6QQzXYgRtDNnnjwHPoBze/twitter-2.22-3.png)\n\nIf you are interested in above projects or want to check more details about other projects, you could find the information you need on RatingToken.net.\n\nCheck more details on website: https://www.ratingtoken.net/\n\nFollow RatingToken on Twitter: https://twitter.com/RatingToken_io",
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      "title": "",
      "body": "[![](https://d1vof77qrk4l5q.cloudfront.net/statics/upsell-delegate-15-steem-power-2.png)](https://partiko-io.app.link/A27hLeUkgT)",
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{
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      "author": "ratingtoken",
      "permlink": "the-turnover-rate-of-stable-currency-pax-exceeded-100-in-a-week",
      "title": "The Turnover Rate of stable currency PAX exceeded 100% in a week",
      "body": "RatingToken monitors that there are four main stable currencies on Ethereum: USDC, TUSD, PAX and GUSD. The issue number of USDC reached 212,532,489, GUSD was 86,718,765. By analyzing the PAX turnover rate in the past 7 days, we found that the PAX with the highest turnover rate reached 138.42%, and the TUSD with the lowest turnover rate was 31.66%.\nThe turnover rate formula：the total amount of 7-day chain transfer divide by the current total amount.\nWe can see that there are big differences on turnover rate between each stable currency according to the data. It is related with the different design mechanisms of each stable currency and the number of exchanges supporting each stable currency.\nAt the same time, the smart contract vulnerability detection system independently developed by the Cheetah Blockchain Security Center analyzed the above five project smart contracts. The smart contract scores were USDC 4.07, TUSD 2.99, PAX 4.07 and GUSD 3.38 respectively.\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmY8ncJxCKhrHfC7otm63oqAqCsE16bAfkzEViW5uEvG3M/image.png)",
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{
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      "author": "ratingtoken",
      "permlink": "dapp-smartolution-inverted-pyramid",
      "title": "DAPP: [Smartolution] Inverted Pyramid",
      "body": "RatingToken shows that a DApp named smartolution is very popular recently, there are totally 277 addresses participating in this game with 5509 transactions and costs 2671.27 ETH. \nSmartolution designed an inverted pyramid reward gameplay, theoretically the contract return rate is over 71.11% if continues invest to the end. The gameplay method requests that the user continuously puts the same amount of ETH into the contract every day for 45 days, and each time the transfer succeeds, the user is rewarded with the set ETH, and the returned ETH increases day by day. If there are too many participants on the same day or no new users join, this game will collapse.\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmcUFDRz3RedZiSgHK5fwgxTG63UouPwvsws5PBBB6yusS/image.png)",
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{
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      "author": "ratingtoken",
      "permlink": "the-facebook-active-index-of-projects-with-usd5-million-value-slipped-down-81-41",
      "title": "The Facebook active index of projects with $5 million value slipped down 81.41%",
      "body": "RatingToken shows that there are currently 334 projects with a market capitalization of more than US$5 million (excluding US$5 million). The activity index of community decreased by 36.52% compared with last month. The active index of Twitter decreased by 27.94%, and the active index of Facebook decreased by 81.41%. \n\nThe top 3 decreasing projects in Twitter is AMO Coin (-96.85%), Siacoin (-90.82%) and Santiment (-86.9%). The top 3 decreasing projects in Facebook is AMO Coin (-95.58%), Crypterium (-49.18%) and Verge (-49.01%). RatingToken pointed out that community activity index continued to decline may relate to the recent decline in cryptocurrency market which caused investor’s negative sentiment. Some investors have stopped holding projects gradually according to the decreasing holders last month.\n\nScore on RatingToken for these projects: AMO Coin (3.1), Siacoin, 3.9), Santiment (3.4), Crypterium (3.0) and Verge (4.1). The score is based on a combination of factors such as project technical strength, team strength and community activity.\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmV8y2fZvPUPYSUexyrSzs19dpJTu8taozaj7CUPqtTUPj/image.png)",
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      "author": "ratingtoken",
      "permlink": "small-scale-migration-shows-on-ethereum-games-collection-games-may-break-out",
      "title": "Small-scale \"migration\" shows on Ethereum games, collection games may break out",
      "body": "According to RatingToken, the average daily number of all contracts on Ethereum is 1712.71 this week, which is 12.5% lower than previous period number of 1957.42. The daily average number of ERC721 contract is 5.42, which was 153.33% higher than previous period number of 2.14. Daily average number of ERC20 contract is 186.57, an increase of 16.81% over previous period number of 159.71.\n\nAccording to the analysis of RatingToken, the life cycle of Fomo3D games is short, and the climax phase lasts less than 2 hours. On the contrary, collection game introduces gameplay such as cultivation, variation and battle, which enriches the game's diversity and improves user experience, this will help a lot to prolong game life cycle, collection game may break out in the future.\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmf4LeH79oeqmG3WBg16TLGkZapS2ea8Dhn77eqgWt5URn/image.png)",
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      "author": "steemgg",
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      "body": "Thank you for contributing to the Gaming Community on Steemit.  You have been given an upvote by @steemgg. For more inspiration, visit our platform Steemgg, the first html5 gaming platform built on the Steem blockchain.",
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{
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  "timestamp": "2018-12-07T09:23:21",
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      "author": "ratingtoken",
      "permlink": "the-highest-gas-fee-of-ethereum-game-dragonereum-is-over-2eth-per-transaction",
      "title": "The highest Gas fee of Ethereum game Dragonereum is over 2ETH per transaction",
      "body": "RatingToken found that the Ethereum game Dragonereum was launched recently.\n\nThere have been 5,868 transactions, of which 998 successful transactions occurred in the acquisition of Dragon Egg ClaimEgg. The average Gas transaction fee for the game is 154.8 times the normal transaction fee, and the maximum fee for the game exceeds 2 ETH per transaction. The highest transaction fee is over 6 ETH from Fomo3D. The hacker successfully attacked it to obtain bonuses using the Gas Limit limit to implement transaction blocking. RatingToken warns that you should pay more attention on implement transaction blocking while playing games. We hope that the scalability of Ethereum L1 or L2 will bring breakthroughs in the development of Ethereum applications.\n\nAccording to the white paper and editor's experience of playing this game, this game is worth to study if you are interested.\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmRVR3fTCdAMvzbo8CrXtSn4UoWL4QtyakArMFDHPQMo7n/image.png)",
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      "author": "ratingtoken",
      "permlink": "ratingtoken-or-the-contract-of-ethereum-capital-token-ect-which-absorbed-nearly-2000-eth-is-extremely-risky",
      "title": "RatingToken| The contract of Ethereum Capital Token (ECT) which absorbed nearly 2000 ETH is extremely risky",
      "body": "According to RatingToken, the ECT contract started trading 40 hours ago. At present, the total number of transactions exceeds 659, the total contract inflow exceeds 1968 ETH, the total participating address is 165, and the single address participation is up to 142.4 ETH. The contract balance is 1940 ETH. \nThe ECT official website claims that ECT is a cryptocurrency game that shows the flow mechanism of the cryptocurrency market, but ECT is another variant of POWH3D. The recommendation mechanism and exit mechanism of ECT is more complicated, the recommendation mechanism is divided into 5 layers, and the recommendation fee for each layer is associated with the ETH that the recommended address invested in the ECT contract. At least 0.25 ETH is required to obtain the recommended qualification. Throw 30 ETH will receive the maximum recommended fee. \nFor the design of exit mechanism, it will charge different fees according to the time of selling ECT. The first 6 days will be charged 30%, and then decrease progressively 1% daily, stop decreasing until it reaches 6%. RatingToken believes that there will be variants of POWH3D packaged in a variety of different terms, while it comes to a very high risk of fraud Essentially. The development team is the only certain one to benefit from it.\nFind more info about ECT contract from RatingToken: https://www.ratingtoken.net/?from=steemit",
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      "permlink": "cheetah-mobile-security-and-huobi-group-have-established-a-strategic-partnership-on-blockchain-security",
      "title": "Cheetah Mobile Security and Huobi Group have established a strategic partnership on blockchain security",
      "body": "Recently, Cheetah Mobile Security and Huobi Group have formally established a strategic partnership on blockchain security. At the initial stage, they will cooperate in smart contract security audit. Cheetah Mobile Security will review the operation security of smart contract codes of active projects for Huobi Group. Throughout this partnership, both parties shall organize seminars on blockchain security, hold discussions on blockchain security technology for those in the industry, promote the innovation of blockchain security technology, and build a secure environment for blockchain development. The operation security of smart contract codes is critical. As a core technology of blockchain, smart contract is the technical means to ensure that multiple parties participate in the implementation of user commitment agreement. If a smart contract has a security vulnerability, a hacker may launch an attack based on the vulnerability, which will cause a devastating blow to the project. For example, in the famous The DAO event, a hacker successfully stole US$200 million of digital assets by exploiting a simple recursive function vulnerability, which led to the end of the famous The DAO project.\nCheetah Mobile Security has professional and efficient technical solutions for smart contract security audit. TonTon Huang, an expert of Cheetah Mobile Security, has made manual audit of smart contract vulnerabilities easier by innovative conversion of contract bytecodes into RGB color codes, then converting them into coded images of fixed size, and finally using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for automatic feature extraction and learning to detect vulnerabilities in ETH smart contracts.\n
The Cheetah Mobile Security team has a professional technical background. Most of the team members are experts from the Kingsoft Internet Security team. They have been deeply involved in the security field for more than ten years and have a number of patents. They are constantly exploring security solutions and putting forward innovative ideas and solutions to provide security technology solutions to the blockchain industry and build a safer blockchain environment.\nHuobi Group is a world-leading digital asset financial service provider. With the mission of “making finance more efficient and wealth more free”, Huobi Group adheres to the service concept of “User First”, and is committed to providing safe, professional, honest and high-quality digital asset financial services to users around the world. Since its inception in 2013, the Huobi Group has received investment from ZhenFund and Sequoia Capital. The accumulated transaction volume has exceeded US$1.2 trillion, and it was at one time the world’s largest digital asset trading platform, accounting for 50% of the global digital asset trading share. At present, the Huobi Group has invested in more than 10 upstream and downstream enterprises, and has established compliance service teams in Singapore, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Australia, Canada, Brazil, the United Kingdom and other countries and regions, and it provides safe, reliable digital asset trading and asset management services to millions of users in over 130 countries all over the world.\nThe strategic partnership with Huobi Group exemplifies how Cheetah Mobile Security has further expanded the depth and coverage of blockchain security services after its joint efforts with RatingToken to build an open data platform. In line with the principles of openness and win-win, Cheetah Mobile Security will actively carry out security cooperation and work with all parties to improve blockchain security and build a blockchain security environment.\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbeFYfiTtSyuncPvuS78yMApE3nLfHjqz1Q4wP17PKep1/image.png)",
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      "author": "ratingtoken",
      "permlink": "offense-and-defense-in-smart-contracts",
      "title": "Offense and Defense in Smart Contracts",
      "body": "The concept of a smart contract existed as early as 1994. However, due to the lack of a trusted execution environment, the smart contract was not applied to practical scenarios. After Satoshi Nakamoto put forward the concept of Bitcoin back in 2008, it was found that the blockchain technology, on which Bitcoin was based, provided a trusted execution environment for smart contracts.\n\nA smart contract is deployed on the EVM and eventually deployed on the public blockchain. Bitcoin led the way in blockchain technology, and Ethereum revived the smart contract, so to speak.\n\nIn fact, the development of the smart contract has been very stable. Statistics from the CM Blockchain Security Center show that in the most recent month the average daily increase in the number of smart contracts was about 2,200, showing a very stable upward trend.\n\nSmart contracts are being used in many application scenarios, such as decentralized wallets, token issuing, crowd-funding and some very popular blockchain games such as FO3D and CryptoKitties. With the rapid developments in smart contracts, we have begun to witness many attacks involving smart contracts. The following are figures on security incidents involving smart contracts from 2011 to 2018.\n\nIn fact, security incidents involving smart contracts account for around 6%, a very small proportion, of all security events involving the blockchain. However, based on the statistical data, total losses of up to 1.24 billion USD were incurred. This indicates that although the proportion of security incidents involving smart contracts was relatively small, these incidents caused very serious consequences. As smart contracts can have a great impact on real-time digital currency transactions, we should attach great importance to the security of smart contracts.\n\nThe DAO incident, which took place in June 2016 and has become well known, caused a hard fork of Ethereum and an asset loss of approximately 60 million USD, accounting for nearly one-third of the total assets. \n\nIn July 2017, the multiple signature vulnerabilities of the parity wallet caused a loss of 1.5 million ETH.\n\nAs most know, the BeautyChain incident that took place in April 2018 caused a 1 billion loss in the assets of BEC in a few days. Similarly, the smartmash incident, caused by overflow and access control issues, resulted in a significant asset loss worth 140 million USD. \n\nWith the occurrence of these major incidents involving smart contracts, we cannot help but think about what problems emerged at the code level of Solidity and what types of vulnerabilities may exist in smart contracts.\n\nHere is a brief overview of the TOP 10 types of attacks on smart contracts: reentrancy attack, access control, integer overflow, unchecked call return value, transaction sequence dependency, timestamp dependency, condition competition, short address attack, predictable random processing, etc.\n\nToday, we will talk briefly about three types of vulnerabilities that are commonly seen:\n\nInteger Overflow\nAs we all know, the range of an odometer is from 0 to 9999. When the mileage reaches the upper limit, the reading will return to zero. In fact, this is an example of an integer overflow commonly seen in our daily lives.\n\nWith vulnerabilities in the EVM and smart contracts, the range of number of data bits in the EVM is equivalent to the 1 to 999999 range on the odometer. The number of data bits on the EVM is in the range of 0 to 255. When the number reaches 255, an increase of 1 will cause an overflow and the number will return to zero. When the number reaches 0, a decrease of 1 will cause an underflow and the number will change to the maximum value.\n\nAddition and multiplication will cause overflows, and subtraction will cause underflow, to which we should pay attention during code writing.\n\nWith the BEC incident, the 257th line of code showed a simple amount type and the amount parameter was equal to the value of the local variable CNT. In this simple operation, CNT was verified, but the amount was not.\n\nTherefore, during the attack, the attacker introduced a very large value, causing an amount overflow. When this parameter caused the value of the amount to return to zero, detection was bypassed. Although a more powerful detection was arranged, the detection was also bypassed after the amount reached zero. Therefore, the hacker obtained a large amount of digital currency with a very large value, without paying a single cent.\n\nWe can review these attack events through Etherscan in order to analyze how the attack processes were realized.\n\nSimilarly, the edu event was also caused by integer overflow, plus problems in data access control. The two events shared some common aspects, and also had some different aspects.\n\nNext, we will discuss access problems. In fact, there are many types of access problems, and we will explain the problem of loss of control over the constructor simply. The constructor is a very important and special function in the smart contract, which is used for initializing the ownership of a smart contract. \n\nIn smart contract versions earlier than version 0.4.2, the contract name and the name of its constructor must be identical. If they are different, the constructor may be called by other contracts. In this way, malicious attackers may obtain ownership of the current smart contract and then carry out some other operations.\n\nWith the smart contract MorphToken, the attack took place due to an inconsistency between the capital letter and the lowercase letter.\n\nReentrancy Vulnerability\nNext, we will talk about the reentrancy vulnerability. In fact, reentrancy is recursion, which refers to the cyclic call of a function and the cyclic call of itself. The withdraw function of a code contract supports recursion, and as no judgment is made prior to a transfer, an attacker can take this opportunity to use the reentrancy vulnerability.\n\nThe fallback function can be called depending on the value, so an attacker may carry out a cyclic call of withdraw by taking advantage of such a contract to conduct a withdrawal.\n\nAfter this complicated operation and cycle, an attacker can transfer all the digital currency under the public contract to his/her own wallet. As we all know, the DAO incident was caused by this vulnerability, resulting in a loss of assets worth 115 million USD based on the market value at that moment, which accounted for one-third of the total assets.\n\nPrevention of Vulnerabilities\nAfter learning about the three types of vulnerabilities mentioned above, you may be thinking about how we can prevent these vulnerabilities. For example, with regards to the integer overflow vulnerability, we can guarantee the security of digital currency by carrying out detailed parameter control or by using some third-party SafeMath libraries.\nTo prevent the access control vulnerability, we should conform to coding specifications and ensure that the contract name and the constructor name are identical. If the constructor is used, we recommend the use of constructor for creating some composite functions.\n\nAs for the reentrancy vulnerability, we should pay attention to three points. As mentioned earlier, an amount transfer operation should be carried out prior to amount transfer variables, followed by some relevant cyclic operations.\n\nIn addition, the above mentioned call.value has no upper limit for gas, so we can ensure that recursion is impossible by using the upper limit of gas in this transfer operation, namely 2300.\n\nFinally, we can also realize these functions through mutual exclusion in the code.\n\nAutomated Audit of Smart Contracts\nAccording to our statistics, the number of smart contracts has reached 200,000. From the perspective of third-party manual audit, such audits cannot keep pace with the development of smart contracts, so more attention is being given to automated audits.\n\nAutomated audits can be divided into three types, including matching based on feature code, automated detection based on formal verification, and automated audit based on symbolic execution and symbolic abstraction. \n\nFeature code matching in smart contracts is similar to traditional feature code matching, which involves the detection and abstraction of smart contract codes by matching the source code of the inspected module.\n\nHowever, there is another problem with smart contracts. In fact, only about 40% of all smart contracts on the public network have plain codes according to our statistics. Therefore, in terms of matching of feature codes, we need to resort to reverse engineering for the matching of some feature codes, which poses a certain degree of difficulty.\n\nNext, we will explain automated detection based on symbolic execution and symbolic abstraction. Now, there are many similar detection tools, such as Mythril, Oyente, Maian, and other well-known tools for symbolic execution. In fact, the source code of a smart contract is first compiled as opcode using the SOC compiler, namely the EVM, which is similar to a compiled and executed operational code. Then the code can be converted into an image in the form of modeling through the formation of a Control Flow Graph (CFG), enabling us to understand the logic of the source code opcode in a better way. For example, when a judgment is made, we can analyze such problems in a better way. \n\nFinally, we should analyze symbolic abstraction, namely Securify. There is a significant difference between smart contracts and other source codes, namely the very low degree of code coupling in smart contracts. The original code coupling is very high, so when scanning smart contracts, we might conduct detection on individual modules and carry out modeling for various modules, and then learn about some types of malicious attacks through matching. \n\nThis is the difference between such analysis and traditional automated detection and analysis. In this way, Securify can carry out such detection for its symbolic abstraction analysis.\n\nEcological Security of the Blockchain\nFinally, I would like to ask another question. From the perspective of project security, if we can solve problems in code, do you think we can actually guarantee the security of a project?\n\nI do not think so. As a crucial aspect of smart contracts, such problems must not be overlooked, but there will be other problems with smart contracts. A project involves not only the smart contract but also the technical team, quality of the white paper, and public opinions on social networks, which may cause certain risks to the security of the project.\n\nFor example, based on our findings, many technical teams engaged in fraudulent behavior. The CVs of their members were fake, or their white papers were very similar and characterized by very poor quality.\n\nIn addition, the phenomenon of “pilfering” is indeed a problem. For an airdrop in a project, an address may be used for pilfering a lot of coins. For example, at an official address, an attacker may pretend to have found some airdrops by entering some names using the official address in order to steal ETH from some normal users.\n \nTherefore, we believe that blockchain security is multi-dimensional security, so the security of a project cannot be guaranteed just from the perspective of a smart contract or the code. We should detect the security of a project by using big data technologies, AI technologies, or natural language analysis technologies such as npl in a better way.\n\nCM also created a project named RatingToken, in which sentiment analysis on a project can be conducted through on-chain and off-chain data extraction and analysis and natural language processing (NLP).\n\nTherefore, we hope to make joint efforts with all interested parties through introducing more dimensions, and bring in more talented individuals who will maintain the ecological security of the blockchain together with us.\n\nOfficial website of RatingToken: https://www.ratingtoken.net/?from=steemit",
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      "permlink": "security-threats-to-digital-currency-trading-platforms",
      "title": "Security Threats to Digital Currency Trading Platforms",
      "body": "I. Recent security incidents relating to digital currency trading platforms\n\nRecently, digital currency exchanges have been frequently affected by security incidents. In January 2018, the Japanese Coincheck Exchange was hacked and lost about $534 million XEM coins. In February 2018, the trading price of ETH-based XMRG tokens quickly plunged to zero after rising by 787%, resulting in huge financial losses for a large number of users. This can be attributed to the integer overflow vulnerability in its smart contract code, which caused hyperinflation after dumping of excessive coinage. In March 2018, the Binance Exchange was hacked and user information was stolen by hackers to conduct large transactions and manipulate the market for a profit of over $100 million. In April 2018, the ETH-based BEC tokens and SMT tokens suffered from token transfer-out successively due to overflow vulnerabilities in smart contracts, triggering panic dumping in the market that led to market value plummeting close to zero. Such cases have become all too common.\n\nTwo observations can be made from these phenomena. Firstly, the incidents occur very frequently. It should be noted that the events mentioned are only a fraction of the more significant of late. If we extend the timeframe or take into account all minor and undisclosed events, the figures will be even more surprising. Secondly, the losses suffered by platform or users have been significant, ranging from tens of millions to hundreds of millions of dollars.\n\nIn fact, we can get more information from these events with an in-depth analysis.\n\nIn early March 2018, the well-known digital money trading platform, Binance, saw a large number of abnormal account transactions that affected trading on the digital currency market. The modus operandi is rather interesting, which shall be elaborated further. What is of note is that an article was published after the incident, accusing Binance of orchestrating the entire incident, to which Binance co-founder, He Yi, responded by refuting the accusation. The truth of the matter is not for me to speculate here, but I would like to quote from He Yi's response: “Security issues such as this are almost inevitable, and all types of exchanges are threatened by attacks every day. For one, current policies are so limited that the token industry is not unlikely to operate like traditional exchange systems. Also, the virtual currency exchange is newly established and requires time to reach to reach maturity, whether in terms of risk control or technology accumulation.”\n\nWhether you agree with her depends on your perspective, but my point is the line of thought espoused in this statement. Comparing the digital currency trading platform to traditional financial transaction platforms is what this article seeks to discuss.\n\nII.Why do hackers attack digital currency exchanges?\nLogically, any subjective act has a purpose. The purposes of hacking are varied, ranging from showing off technical competence to making political appeals. In most cases though, the objective is to obtain financial rewards.\nIn real life, traditional financial institutions such as banks or stock exchanges are likely to be the targets of hackers. Yet, the track record is comparatively less compared to digital currency exchanges. Let's analyze further. \n\nI believe there are two possible reasons. Firstly, the assets held by traditional financial institutions, whether digitized legal tender (relative to substantiated banknotes and coins) or security vouchers, are generally registered, their circulation process can be tracked, and they are under supervision. It is difficult and costly to make transfers undetected. Also, the traditional financial industry has had a long history of digitization. The talent reserve, technology accumulation, institutions and norms are mature, and the level of information security is comparatively much higher. It is very difficult for hackers to break into the system, steal away the assets and get away scot-free.\n\nFor digital currency exchange however, the story is rather different. On one hand, the anonymous, irreversible and unsupervised nature of digital currency allows for easy transfer of assets and compounds the difficulty of tracing assets back to source. On the other hand, digital currency trading is novel and rapidly developing, with high profits and yet lacking technology grounding. With scant attention paid to information security and hidden security vulnerabilities in abundance, the industry remains vulnerable to hacking.\n\nIII. Security threats faced by digital currency exchanges in terms of technology\n\nAs far as the author is concerned, digital currency exchanges are facing two security threats in terms of technology.\n1.Security vulnerabilities of the traditional information system\nIn this aspect, the digital currency exchanges are not too different from the traditional financial institutions in that their entire information system comprises Web server, back-end database and other elements. Users access the server through the browser, mobile App, and APIs provided by exchanges at the client side.\nCombined with the event logs in the first part hereof, it can be seen that the security threats in this aspect are mainly server software vulnerabilities, improper configuration, DDoS attacks, server-side Web program vulnerabilities (including technical vulnerabilities and business logic defects), security issues with office computers and internal personnel attacks.\n\nFor big exchanges with a large number of users, there is also the issue of users' authentication information being swindled by counterfeit phishing websites. The Binance Exchange mentioned above is just an example. According to the official statement, the attackers swindled the authentication credentials of some users through phishing, and then initiated a large number of transactions on the API to exchange other currencies in the users' accounts into bitcoin. Binance detected the abnormality in time and froze the withdrawal function. Interestingly, even though the attackers could not withdraw the coins, they turned to another cunning approach, that is, to manipulate the market and influence the price of other currencies using the huge amount of bitcoin under its control, and then short-sell in other digital currency futures exchanges. Eventually, they gained a profit of more than $100 million without any coin withdrawal. In this incident, the attackers took advantage of the huge impact that Binance had on the market. In theory, they did not steal the digital currency, but \"exchanged\" the currency. As the large number of short-selling orders were scattered across hundreds of other exchanges, the source could not be traced.\n\nThe figure below shows the vulnerability statistics of the Decentralized Vulnerability Platform (DVP).\n\nThe platform recorded the first vulnerability information on July 12, 2018. As the time of writing, more than 1,800 vulnerabilities have been recorded in less than two months, and the number is still growing by more than ten per day.\nLast month, a security team claimed to capture a 0day vulnerability, which is a logical loophole in the entire station program of a digital currency exchange.  This program is used by hundreds of small and medium-sized exchanges. While it is widely believed that the large exchanges at home and abroad will not buy or use this kind of one-stop station program developed by a third party, there may subsequently be those who are lured by high profit margins and rapid pace of development to quickly enter the digital currency exchange industry. A keyword search of terms such as \"digital currency\", \"exchange\", \"platform\" or \"development\" will reveal a high level of demand in this regard.\n\nIn fact, it is acceptable to use a third-party system developed at the initial stage. Take traditional banking for example, the information systems of a large number of small and medium-sized banks are customized from third-party products, while strict supervision at the government level and the long-term technical accumulation of the development companies ensured their security to a certain extent. The digital currency industry is different in this aspect, however, as the individuals and teams engaged in this development are limited in their capabilities to guarantee product quality, and it is no wonder that security vulnerabilities continue to exist.\n\nTo resolve this security issue, we should mine for and repair systemic vulnerabilities through penetration testing, code audit and other security services, and build a better security system with reference to security norms and best practices of the traditional financial industry.\n\n2.Security vulnerabilities of the smart contracts\nETH is known as the representative of the \"blockchain 2.0\" technology because it supports the operation of smart contracts. In other words, the Bitcoin system consists of the underlying blockchain technology and a \"contract\" that defines the rules for reward distribution. ETH provides a ready-made underlying blockchain network from which developers can develop and deploy their own smart contracts in programming languages such as Solidity, including simulating a Bitcoin-like product. Solidity is a comprehensive program development language of Turing, so theoretically, it can be used to implement various distributed applications.\n\nThe developer writes the smart contract code and deploy it to the blockchain, and the program will be executed on the EVM virtual machine at the ETH node. After the code is on the blockchain, each node performs the same operation and synchronizes the data state.\n\nAs with traditional programs, smart contracts inevitably suffer from security vulnerabilities. The difference is that the blockchain is irreversible in nature, so it is difficult to fix the problems once the contract is deployed. After token distribution contracts with vulnerabilities such as integer overflow are deployed and tokens are traded at the exchange, the vulnerabilities are triggered and utilized to release a large amount of tokens in a short period of time, which will affect their market value and cause huge economic losses for both the exchange and the users.\n\nThe security threats in this aspect are quite different from the traditional information security loopholes. Similar attacks have occurred in the traditional financial markets, such as George Soros's operation of Hong Kong dollar during the Asian financial crisis in the late 20th century. The difference is that in the traditional financial market, a huge amount of fund is required to launch such an attack. In the field of digital currency, however, those who know how to exploit vulnerabilities in contracts are theoretically able to launch such an attack.\n\nThe figure below is part of the vulnerability information of token contracts developed based on the ETH ERC-20 smart contract standard:\n\nThe actual threat may be much more serious. The smart contracts are called \"smart\" in that once deployed on the blockchain, its execution process is transparent and irreversible, and does not need manual intervention, which naturally resolves the issue of trust in the execution process. Herein lies the fundamental problem that blockchain technology is designed to solve in the first place. A contract code with loopholes can still be exploited after execution, which departs from the original intention of design, and the advantages of the blockchain technology become obstacles to loss recovery instead. \n\nIn response to the security threats in this aspect, the exchanges should first audit the security of the contract code prior to launch of tokens, so as to minimize any chance of hacking and nip them in the bud whenever possible.",
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      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "blockchain",
      "author": "ratingtoken",
      "permlink": "your-whitepaper-is-copied",
      "title": "Your Whitepaper is copied",
      "body": "“It seems that I ever saw this kind of Whitepaper before”. Have you ever encountered such situation? We figured out there are more and more plagiaristic Whitepaper existed since launching ICO projects becomes popular. We found some examples of plagiaristic Whitepaper.\n\n1. Title Page Plagiarism\n\nSTC vs ICR Same font, same version, same logo with different color\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmS4nAZ6yHFn8BGpZ4mbn4BaDFvQzbvzuBAE7Sr4q6ZVJW/image.png)\nSTC vs ICR Cover Page\n\nABT vs ACT Similar logo, same slogan\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmW42dssxVePaJAcYn3jCXjViWyoZbXPgiMpmatdfZ67HU/image.png)\nABT vs ACT Cover Page\n\nMTK vs CLR Same content type\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmX4AQYnyy69aVC4JJe7MP9N2rkyLCWmfsJJWtJxAPAbP2/image.png)\nMTK vs CLR Cover Page\n\n2. Table of Contents Plagiarism\n\nPRTS vs SCI Same content\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmc9bEiddogqi6eo2kUWnMPss1ifuhRtiiSyqapK2XreUa/image.png)\nPRTS vs SCI Table of Contents\n\nVSM vs COI Same content except deleting few chapters & replacing some project information\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZrbRMfZuhfswDNnENbNbVhh5EAJsDkqgFac9UoKVKiU4/image.png)\nVSM vs COI Table of Contents\n\nAID vs MTE Same content with different sequence\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZEzA6G7sYnMCBH2LWLJ11k4CDe3MBs1HcEChk2vzBjyH/image.png)\nAID vs MTE Table of Contents\n\n3. Content Plagiarism\n\nSTC vs ICR Copy content except picture, we could see that ICR Whitepaper shows blank picture when they couldn’t copy the STC’s picture.\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmY2bSUoFBaYgTadj7nP1bbMgDh3X6Qn1QEG1AMRBpj1hY/image.png)\nSTC vs ICR Content\n\nAID vs MTE Same introduction of Platform except replacing project name and deleting inserted picture.\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmQRJkUU4gcak4gcN2C24vnZkxH2DibVVjwY3gGucRuscK/image.png)\nAID vs MTE Content\n\nBTC vs SUS Same abstract with same title\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmVGc2ya4vgEn3DXyoowUwb1MHFzyvQY2ZPUYtKaDeDSSG/image.png)\nBTC vs SUS Content\n\nFollow to get more info about plagiaristic Whitepaper.\n\nRatingToken: https://ratingtoken.net/?from=steemit\nTwitter: https://twitter.com/RatingToken_io\nTelegram: https://t.co/ZwGwb1vW7r",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"blockchain\",\"crypto\",\"ico\",\"ratingtoken\"],\"image\":[\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmS4nAZ6yHFn8BGpZ4mbn4BaDFvQzbvzuBAE7Sr4q6ZVJW/image.png\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmW42dssxVePaJAcYn3jCXjViWyoZbXPgiMpmatdfZ67HU/image.png\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmX4AQYnyy69aVC4JJe7MP9N2rkyLCWmfsJJWtJxAPAbP2/image.png\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmc9bEiddogqi6eo2kUWnMPss1ifuhRtiiSyqapK2XreUa/image.png\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZrbRMfZuhfswDNnENbNbVhh5EAJsDkqgFac9UoKVKiU4/image.png\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZEzA6G7sYnMCBH2LWLJ11k4CDe3MBs1HcEChk2vzBjyH/image.png\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmY2bSUoFBaYgTadj7nP1bbMgDh3X6Qn1QEG1AMRBpj1hY/image.png\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmQRJkUU4gcak4gcN2C24vnZkxH2DibVVjwY3gGucRuscK/image.png\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmVGc2ya4vgEn3DXyoowUwb1MHFzyvQY2ZPUYtKaDeDSSG/image.png\"],\"links\":[\"https://ratingtoken.net/?from=steemit\",\"https://twitter.com/RatingToken_io\",\"https://t.co/ZwGwb1vW7r\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
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  "block": 25631730,
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  "timestamp": "2018-09-03T08:54:15",
  "op": [
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      "voter": "sensation",
      "author": "ratingtoken",
      "permlink": "2018-global-blockchain-ico-project-ecological-report",
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  "timestamp": "2018-09-03T08:12:54",
  "op": [
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    {
      "voter": "coin.info",
      "author": "ratingtoken",
      "permlink": "2018-global-blockchain-ico-project-ecological-report",
      "weight": 694
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{
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  "timestamp": "2018-09-03T08:12:48",
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    {
      "parent_author": "ratingtoken",
      "parent_permlink": "2018-global-blockchain-ico-project-ecological-report",
      "author": "coin.info",
      "permlink": "re-ratingtoken-2018-global-blockchain-ico-project-ecological-report-20180903t081247136z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "**Coins mentioned in post:**\n\nCoin | | Price (USD) | 📉 24h | 📈 7d\n- | - | - | - | -\n**ETH** | Ethereum | 290.006$ | _-2.5%_ | _4.63%_\n**NEO** | NEO | 21.656$ | _-5.24%_ | _19.11%_\n**WAVES** | Waves | 2.109$ | _-5.56%_ | _-4.67%_\n**XLM** | Stellar | 0.221$ | _-3.92%_ | _1.17%_",
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{
  "trx_id": "31f56a3b5aa9aa4b4a92bbd115d9fc5a2ed351af",
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  "timestamp": "2018-09-03T08:05:21",
  "op": [
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    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "cryptocurrency",
      "author": "ratingtoken",
      "permlink": "ratingtoken-sorts-out-token-projects-with-professional-ratings",
      "title": "RatingToken Sorts Out Token Projects With Professional Ratings",
      "body": "Venture capital, pyramid schemes, market manipulation, scams, and frauds rocked 2017, a tumultuous year for the various blockchain projects. What was once a fintech experiment has now become a global rush to get rich, with new rules in place.\nMany financial scams today still pose as blockchain projects, and mom-and-pop investors are the ones who lose out in this wealth race.\nTo determine the legitimacy and worth of a blockchain project, RatingToken generates an objective assessment of each project through technical indicators analyzed by its team of specialists.\nAbout RatingToken\nBacked by its technical prowess, RatingToken analyzes mountains of data, all while keeping a real-time watch on tokens. This fosters the development of the blockchain industry and ecosystem, and provides experts in the sector with true and professional evaluations of projects.\nThe following features are currently available from RatingToken:\n1. Smart contract safety scanning, and rankings of the best projects, airdrops, top risky projects, etc., help investors make better decisions, and meet investment needs.\n2. Smart contract code audit, hype monitoring, funds monitoring, wallet security, and public chain security services, providing business users with technological and data support.\nSpotlight on key feature: smart contract audit\nNew contract addresses added to the Ethereum public chain are automatically scanned by RatingToken along with broadcasts of risk warnings every day. Any high-risk contract is promptly added to the manual audit workflow.\nThe five aspects of spillover risk analysis, external call analysis, sensitive behavior analysis, code abnormality analysis, and business logic analysis are audited. For enterprise users, the business logic analysis includes a security component review, which provides expert recommendations on the security of the current code.\nSmart contract projects audited:\nRatingToken's automated scanning platform has audited 84,210 smart contracts since January 2018. Smart contracts are rated for safety based on the RatingToken scoring model.\n(1) Score distribution of contracts\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmWnK4hvEv1M2FgebWzETAd45o1pxD62t9D44mKpZTyGx1/image.png)\n\nThe contracts were classified into five categories depending on their score: high quality, moderately good, has certain security risks, has considerable security risks, and poor quality. 13.5% of the contracts were of high quality (with no vulnerabilities found), 30.53% were moderately good contracts (with no high-risk or concentrated medium-risk vulnerabilities), 33% of the contracts had certain security risks, 19% had considerable security risks, and 4% were poor-quality contracts.\n(2) Inspection of risk\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPVKaivQ4sYcXyPJiQHbPUPpojULGzyN5SLv37ZFDkguo/image.png)\n\nThe results of the inspection showed that 3.4% of the total number of contracts were highly risky contracts with integer underflows. The top three contract vulnerabilities were as follows: calls external method, return value uninspected (33.8%); abnormality exists (17.1%); integer overflow (15.8%).\nWhy choose RatingToken?\nAmong the team at RatingToken, 90% of us have backgrounds in big data technologies and natural language analysis. Through our neutral, objective assessments of projects updated automatically every day, we hope to promote a better token community and discourage paid ratings.\nOur smart contract scanner can be used to mitigate deficiencies in projects. Such inspection of projects is even more essential for ordinary mom-and-pop investors to understand their current or future investments.\n\nRatingToken: https://ratingtoken.net/?from=steemit\nTwitter: https://twitter.com/RatingToken_io\nTelegram: https://t.co/ZwGwb1vW7r",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"cryptocurrency\",\"blockchain\",\"ico\",\"bitcoin\"],\"image\":[\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmWnK4hvEv1M2FgebWzETAd45o1pxD62t9D44mKpZTyGx1/image.png\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPVKaivQ4sYcXyPJiQHbPUPpojULGzyN5SLv37ZFDkguo/image.png\"],\"links\":[\"https://ratingtoken.net/?from=steemit\",\"https://twitter.com/RatingToken_io\",\"https://t.co/ZwGwb1vW7r\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
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  "timestamp": "2018-09-03T08:01:39",
  "op": [
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      "parent_permlink": "ethereum-smart-contract-vulnerabilities-and-security-detection",
      "author": "ratingtoken",
      "permlink": "re-ratingtoken-ethereum-smart-contract-vulnerabilities-and-security-detection-20180903t080138126z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "RatingToken: https://ratingtoken.net/?from=steemit\nTwitter: https://twitter.com/RatingToken_io\nTelegram: https://t.co/ZwGwb1vW7r",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"crypto\"],\"links\":[\"https://ratingtoken.net/?from=steemit\",\"https://twitter.com/RatingToken_io\",\"https://t.co/ZwGwb1vW7r\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\"}"
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{
  "trx_id": "c27c7ee2c51a031006685dd155a580ac680ce27e",
  "block": 25630506,
  "trx_in_block": 7,
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  "timestamp": "2018-09-03T07:53:00",
  "op": [
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      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "cryptocurrency",
      "author": "ratingtoken",
      "permlink": "369zkk-ethereum-smart-contract-vulnerabilities-and-security-detection",
      "title": "Ethereum Smart Contract Vulnerabilities and Security Detection",
      "body": "I. Security Status of Smart Contracts\nWhen a vulnerability in smart contract security is exposed, it also plummets the coin market. Hackers can easily exploit the holes to make unlimited issues and free transfer of virtual currencies. According to the Blockchain Industry Security Analysis Report from the Baimaohui Security Institute, problems related to smart contract security have led to a loss of $1.24 billion USD, accounting for 43.3% of the total loss.\n\nFrequent smart contract security breaches have cast huge doubts regarding Ethereum, greatly affecting the development and popularity of blockchain technology in the early stage.\nThis article shall analyze the current smart contract vulnerabilities in detail, and offer a brief review of current detection methods for smart contract vulnerabilities, as well as recommendations for security coding.\n\nII. Key Analysis of Smart Contract Vulnerabilities\n\n1) Integer Overflow\nThe Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) uses stack to simulate memory space, but the management and protection mechanism for the stack is not perfect. For contract computing, the stack should be rigorously monitored to avoid overflow. In particular, transfer functions should be meticulously examined. The currently known SMT, BEC, EDU and BAI smart contracts all have problems with integer overflow in the transfer logic system, resulting in unlimited issues or unrestricted transfers of tokens.\n\nCase 1: SMT Vulnerability\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmcvUFiZFeaR2ZSAudJPPi52vh1uDEnV7BmXYBqkY3AJpH/image.png)\n\nContract Address:\n0x55F93985431Fc9304077687a35A1BA103dC1e081\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmdSTMsoeiNM7jkZqEMQ5Z4VCdHMuScHMSR9giJy7tcwg2/image.png)\n\nAnalysis:\nVulnerability in the contract exists in transferProxy, a transfer function anyone can access. The address of both parties, the commission, and amount of transfer can be specified by the parameters entered.\nThe parameter test performed by the function is shown in the red box above: Check whether the balance (balances[_from]) of the transferring party's (_from) account is sufficient for the amount to be transferred (_value) and the service fee (_feeSmt). If insufficient, the transfer fails, the function clears through revert() and returns to the previous pre-transfer status. Otherwise, the transfer completes.\n\nIn the test, since the transfer amount (_value) and surcharge (_feeSmt) are both entered by the user, the perpetrator enters a large amount (_value) and makes the sum of _value and _feeSmt exceed the maximum uint256 to generate an integer overflow. Meanwhile, a very small number is entered on the right side of that to ensure it can pass through the process and keep the real target transfer (_value) at a significant amount.\n\nBy manipulating the transfer amount and service fee, perpetrators can acquire a huge sum of SMT virtual currencies for nothing.\nReal Case Study:\nThe perpetrator initiated an integer overflow by accessing the transferProxy function and entering 8ff...f, 700...0 to successfully steal 6.5 SMT1060 currency.\n\nCase 2: Meitu BEC Vulnerability\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbgXuZgrSoWiN1audSQc7ea4S7bX44cdWET4y1iLLBWdR/image.png)\n\nContract Address:\n0xC5d105E63711398aF9bbff092d4B6769C82F793D\n\nHere is the test result from RatingToken:\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmWLQmLJYMebow5mhyvnqUVtYbRWKt7GxsTg5g32VubyjG/image.png)\n\nAnalysis:\nA joint effort of Meitu and BEC, the vulnerability for this contract is in the batchTransfer function. It allows anyone to make a quick transfer in batch from any address on the _receivers list. The function first checks the balance of the target account (the transferree in batches). The transfer is permitted only if the balance (balances[msg.sender]) is greater than the batch transfer (uint256(cnt) * value) requested. However, this does not check overflow on uint256(cnt)*_value, thus if the multiplication causes an overflow, the perpetrator can transfer copious BEC coins out of an account with insufficient balance.\n\nAfter the vulnerability was publicized, BEC coins that had soared 4,000% in value at their height instantly dropped to zero for a catastrophic loss.\nReal Case Study:\nThe perpetrator enters 800...0 and 000...02 for multiplication overflow, generating nearly 5.7 BEC1060 coins.\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmazj3dsN1RWuLAM4KUqPQfTAZwY3fqpTaxKvVXLDyp92y/image.png)\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbw1g1CxpN5e7xT4NpdVvEk7SziyWddAJA2KopR14gM2P/image.png)\n\nFrom the two cases above, we see that overflow vulnerabilities of smart contracts can be easily exploited by perpetrators with catastrophic impact. Therefore, we recommend examining the overflow problem thoroughly when coding smart contracts and using the safeMath secured computing kit.\n\n2) Transaction Sequence Dependency\nThis vulnerability was brought up by Loi Luu, et al. from the National University of Singapore. They pointed out that during the execution stage of smart contracts, initiating a different function sequence may generate different output, resulting in logic vulnerability. Based on the cases they provided, we analyzed the loophole:\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmcLj6ohL5RCYkaTMj84Jx7LTyfB5kWs6ThDz9ixbsvzuj/image.png)\n\nThe function implemented by this contract currently allowed a user to receive pay from a contract drafter after completing Puzzle().\nWe set the pay to user (Line 26) for the transaction at Tx(User_getReward). The drafter can modify that amount (Line 19) to Tx(Owner_updateReward).\nTwo scenarios: The user first accesses the transaction Tx(User_getReward) then inputs Tx(Owner_updateReward). The user should get paid the original amount (R\t0) agreed upon. However, the drafter can deceive the user by making the user perform a tedious series of calculations first and increasing the fee Tx(Owner_updateReward) for changing the pay, drastically reducing the final payout before the user gets paid Tx(User_getReward). With this, a drafter can defraud a user with unreasonable pay.\nGiven the analysis above, we can see that coding of smart contracts is open, released in advance and immutable. However, the security holes are extremely difficult to detect, and users are susceptible to fraud and great losses.\nIII. Testing Smart Contract for Vulnerabilities\nAs a large data-rating agency, RatingToken, has officially launched vulnerability-detection function for smart contracts online, the very first such offering for coin users in China. RatingToken inspects the contract addresses and codes of all listed projects, then performs machine learning-based model screening, GAN, and standardized verifications to identify high-risk items with contract vulnerabilities and fraudulent addresses.\nCurrently the website is capable of detecting the following vulnerabilities: Overflow, external access, unusual behavior, glitches and logic circuit. The website provides one-click smart contract scan, enabling users to easily access the vulnerability report of a smart contract and lower investment risk.\n\nRatingToken: https://ratingtoken.net/?from=steemit\nTwitter: https://twitter.com/RatingToken_io\nTelegram: https://t.co/ZwGwb1vW7r",
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{
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      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "cryptocurrency",
      "author": "ratingtoken",
      "permlink": "2018-global-blockchain-ico-project-ecological-report",
      "title": "2018 Global Blockchain ICO Project Ecological Report",
      "body": "RatingToken: https://ratingtoken.net/?from=steemit\nTwitter: https://twitter.com/RatingToken_io\nTelegram: https://t.co/ZwGwb1vW7r\n\nReport Outline:\n1. In the first half of 2018, there were more than 2000 new blockchain ICO projects globally. Among them, projects in the financial service sector still accounted for the highest proportion at 22.6%, followed by commerce and logistics, IT and the Internet.\n2. In the first half of 2018, there were more than 3,500 new contract addresses and more than 85,000 new personal addresses for Ethereum added globally per day. Affected by digital currency market conditions, the number of new contract addresses in the first quarter was significantly higher than that of the second quarter, and the number of new contract addresses in the second quarter exceeded 1,000 per day.\n3. In terms of project quality, there has been a trend of refinement and specialization, with above 4-point (high quality) projects making up 14.7% of the total. Although most projects are classed as mediocre, they are also being improved in areas such as white papers and community maintenance.\n4. In terms of launch locations, the U.S. remains the preferred destination for many projects, with 19.45% of projects released in the U.S. in the first half of 2018. Countries such as Singapore in Asia and Estonia in Europe have also seen a significant increase in popularity thanks to their favorable policies.\n5. In terms of project fund raising time, 38% of projects have a fund raising cycle of about one month, and most projects have a fund raising cycle of no more than three months.\n6. In terms of platforms selected by projects, 64% of projects select Ethereum as their token platform, while other platforms enjoying relatively high usage proportion include Waves, Stellar and NEO.\n\nⅠ. An Overview of Global Blockchain ICO Projects in the First Half of 2018\n1. There were 2,183 new projects worldwide, with the financial service sector leading the pack\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmc2AGFdMPAQ3LuPKfPRGP8TsQSK5iiEC2h43JB5gi94Ei/image.png)\n\nAccording to third-party big data rating agency RatingToken, there were 2,183 new blockchain ICO projects globally in the first half of 2018. The financial service sector remains the most concentrated area for blockchain projects, accounting for 22.6%, followed by commerce and logistics with 17.4%.\n2. There were more than 3,500 new contract addresses on Ethereum added globally per day, and the number of new contract addresses in the second quarter was significantly lower than that of the first quarter\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQme4zsd8TM9PeFafMEA9WqNstjT2AqUbvNz89iR4Ticgj1/image.png)\n\nAccording to RatingToken, in the first half of 2018, there were more than 3,500 new contract addresses added and more than 85,000 new personal addresses on Ethereum added globally per day.\nAffected by digital currency market condition, the number of new addresses in the first quarter was significantly higher than that of the second quarter. The number of new personal addresses additions per day in the first quarter peaked at nearly 170,000.\n3. The U.S. is the preferred launch destination, followed by Singapore\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmUajt2brkTdXLCJJmoVz668yRsHCs3Zw4wQXKKeaVTagm/image.png)\n\nIn terms of launch location, the U.S. remains the preferred destination for projects, with 19.45% of projects released in the U.S, followed by Singapore.\nCountries such as Estonia and Switzerland are also among the top five locations to release projects thanks to favorable policies.\n4. 38% of projects have a fund raising cycle of about one month, and most projects have a fund raising cycle of no more than three months\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmb1r149P4M9QEfrUeSpAHoPfYzmBGRZ31XDTLzb96ifVz/image.png)\n\nIn terms of project fund raising cycle, 38% of projects have a fund raising cycle of about one month.\nThe proportion of projects with a fund raising cycle of around two weeks or two months was also higher. The proportion of projects with a fund raising cycle of more than three months was less than 8%.\n5. 64% of projects select Ethereum as their token platform, while other platforms enjoying a relatively high usage proportion include Waves, Stellar and NEO\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbvgQtC34AhH4mHhaXn1BGCGgLA3wFVaTksH3Q5JCNPF2/image.png)\nMore than half of the projects select Ethereum as their token platform, while 28% of the projects have not yet released tokens. Apart from Ethereum, other platforms like Waves, a Russian blockchain platform, Stellar, developed by the founder of Ripple, and NEO enjoy a relatively higher usage proportion.\nⅡ. The Specialization Trend of Blockchain ICO Projects\n1. High-quality projects account for 14.7%, while around 70% of projects are still mediocre\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPTr1zsv12DZpU3fVpmgCXCMHEkppeftF9res9Ck5djyh/image.png)\n\nIn terms of project quality, at present, the proportion of high-quality projects (with a RatingToken score of 4 or above) among global blockchain ICO projects is 14.7%, and the majority of projects are still classed as mediocre.\nNotably, there are still thousands of projects that scored 0 due to a lack of white papers or other reasons that may lead to basic score dimension deficiency. These projects are not included in the score statistics.\n2. More attention has been paid to basic work such as white paper optimization and community maintenance\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmXaWC3PsnXdVrNSi7Ad89hkcSwVKHmNWrM5Qxh9MQvBqY/image.png)\n\nWhite papers have become a norm for blockchain projects. More than 93% of projects have white papers, and the number of multilingual white papers has gradually increased. At the same time, the types of white papers have also seen a trend of differentiation. In addition to professional business white papers and technology white papers, there are simplified versions of summary white papers for novice users.\nTwitter, Facebook, and Telegram are the three most popular social media channels for blockchain projects. More than 90% of projects have Twitter accounts, and around 80% have Facebook and Telegram accounts. Projects with three accounts make up 67%, and only 3% do not have any of the above-mentioned social media accounts.\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbeAQSREhP2tGA8B7SBjd3FNpyQv6YPBeJZ1rdmF1bNmq/image.png)\n\nSome 48.72% of projects have Github accounts. By further checking the specific content of the projects’ code repositories on Github, we find that most of them have only token contract codes but no actual project implementation codes. This indicates that most of the new ICO projects are still in the envisioning stage and the degree of code implementation is low.\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmcehzSEmNJWSKbCCUWRXETNHcYB96iELXT8vaHfghZ2WA/image.png)\n\n3. Domain names are specialized with .io becoming popular\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmfYYnFkDGJa2zGN7625bYvAQMrQfG4qykPgfwhEH5tmcZ/image.png)\nA Summary of Global Blockchain Project Official Website Domain Suffixes\n\nAccording to statistics of blockchain project official website domain names, the number of domain names with the suffix .io has increased significantly and has gradually become mainstream. .io has always been favored by technical websites, because it is the same as the abbreviation of input/output in computer/programming, giving a ‘geeky’ feeling, especially in the field of blockchain. The popularity of .io also reflects the trend of specialization in blockchain projects, and to a certain extent, reflects the sound development of the blockchain sector as a whole.\n4. Smart contracts, economic models, community popularity and other dimensions are the biggest concerns for projects\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZA3cQ9GvkKjYJcTHFkVcRy1rgBwtwdxpHZyeSzxiGHC6/image.png)\nGlobal Blockchain Project White Paper Keyword Extraction\n\nBy extracting keywords from thousands of blockchain project white papers on the internet, we find that the words with the highest frequency are smart contract, token holders, and social media.\nThe attention to blockchain projects is now increasingly concentrated in several important dimensions such as smart contracts, economic models, and community popularity, and they have become basic dimensions in project ratings.\nConclusion\n2018 is a turning point for the development of the blockchain sector. With the cooling of the digital asset market, blockchain projects have begun to develop in different directions, which is a sign of the dilution of the sector bubble. People are increasingly aware that blockchain technology needs more application scenarios to prove its value beyond coin issuance and money-making.\nAt present, blockchain application projects face the following problems: Firstly, there is no mature and stable solution for blockchain technology on key issues such as performance, which greatly restricts the development of blockchain technology and applications; Secondly, the separation between industry and technology is serious, which makes it difficult to form value circulation between blockchain technology and industry. The reality is that those who are tech-savvy know little about the industry segment and they are mostly in the proof-of-concept stage, while entrepreneurs with experience and resources in industry segment can hardly understand, let alone master blockchain technology.\nTechnology development and application implementation take time. In the next stage of blockchain sector development, the increasing maturity and popularity of blockchain technology will, will have a bigger impact on market structure, thus leading to business transformation and the formation of new business models and regulatory service models. Before that happens, people need to constantly improve their understanding and knowledge of blockchain, and screen blockchain projects carefully.\nDisclaimer:\nThis report is created by Blockchain Chief. If you need to reprint it, please contact Blockchain Chief for authorization.\nThis report is provided as reference materials for various market activities and does not constitute investment or trading suggestions. Blockchain Chief shall not be held liable for any loss incurred in investment or trading based on the information in this report.\nThe big data support platform for this report is third-party big data rating agency RatingToken. RatingToken focuses on the blockchain project data analysis and rating business, and has rolled out smart contract detection services. By testing listed project contract addresses and codes, RatingToken screens models using deep learning, GAN, and formal verification, and identifies smart contracts with vulnerabilities and fraudulent addresses to help users avoid risks when screening blockchain projects.",
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  "block": 25136030,
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    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "blockchain",
      "author": "ratingtoken",
      "permlink": "risk-analysis-report-of-fomo3d",
      "title": "Risk analysis report of Fomo3D",
      "body": "![1.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbs3VLjhnHLo5NENSgywGs1PnPteX9NwyxBiFasfZeFds/1.jpg)\n![2.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmVwiizgKVikvjPQ8egcQcYJZmwLsUV4YMsogXJCVCs9mP/2.jpg)\n![3.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmWaeBjL1w6QEZy4QQUMisaJa5FTaCMiW9UeK8K9Fnh2yJ/3.jpg)\n![4.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbMtnYi7f6GGqniCiFon99w4eWWRqs2Q8TLzHQM12LCj7/4.jpg)\n![5.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmYvpuN7XyWdH5Agoig3C3L9VLDNR83zbSw6tuSR2M6PQ8/5.jpg)\n![6.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmRqpKs5sFcoB3JhRHB2MSj3K91gKAuh4FmooYpt9U37QW/6.jpg)\n![7.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPvRN25hfUAFWabU19nQbpmUWvej3pb6mPHHhMK828tnn/7.jpg)\n\nTwitter: https://twitter.com/RatingToken_io\nWebsite: https://ratingtoken.io/",
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  "timestamp": "2018-07-09T10:34:39",
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      "parent_permlink": "crypto",
      "author": "ratingtoken",
      "permlink": "get-ready-for-the-upcoming-world-cup-for-cryptocurrency-quiz",
      "title": "Get Ready for the Upcoming World Cup for Cryptocurrency Quiz!",
      "body": "As World Cup Russia winds down, are you seeking something new to cheer you up again? A special World Cup for Cryptocurrencies is right around the corner!\nInitiated by RatingToken and Contentos, the World Cup for Cryptocurrencies will be held from July 9th to 15th!\nActivity Link: https://m.ratingtoken.io/guessindex.html\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmNcnBJQ772LqxhrwESEi4ArJui7ewb5UJxL1se49VBPXT/image.png)\n\n01 Rules\nTotally 4 matches, the World Cup for Cryptocurrencies will be held simultaneously with the semifinals, the third-place match and the final of World Cup Russia. Its contestants include Bitcoin, Monero, Decred, Cardano, Binance Coin, OmiseGO, Loom Network, and Siacoin.\n\nIn every 90-min match, the cryptocurrency with a larger rise wins. People who guess right will share the purse of the match. In case of a draw, all users will share the purse. Besides, large amounts of COS candy coins will be released in each match. The more you guess, the more you win!\n\nAre you new to cryptocurrency, and worrying about lack of market information?\nRelax! We've got your back:\nRatingToken provides data from various dimensions including basic information, transaction status, technical strength and social heat for your reference. Mass information provided on the official website will also increase your success rate!\n\nJoin Telegram: @ratingtoken to participate in the guessing game now!\n\n02 Organizers\n【RatingToken】\nRatingToken is a big data algorithm based agency specializing in rating blockchain cryptocurrencies. With abundant industry resources and professional technical teams, RatingToken formulates well-defined project assessment standards by using big data analysis, and provides ratings based on transparent information and standardized processes. This allows investors to assess risks objectively, with a comprehensive understanding of the projects and their potential.\nURL: https://ratingtoken.io/\n\n【Contentos】\nContentos aims to build a decentralized global ecosystem for digital content that will unify content value and allow created value to be returned to content creators. Contentos expects to be another Ethereum of public content chain. Its final objective is to become not only a public content chain providing content or advertisement value, but also a digital creation chain connecting every creator.\n\nCOS is a cryptocurrency created by Contentos based on ERC20 (a standard cryptocurrency in Ethereum blockchain). Contentos plans to release 10 billion COS on its official website. According to the company, the exchange rate between COS and ERC20 will be 1:1. Contentos may additionally release a maximum of 5% new COS each year as ecological award. The board of directors holds the right of final decision on annual additional release.\nURL: https://www.contentos.io/\n\n03 Extra Bonus\nDuring the World Cup for Cryptocurrency, in addition to candy coins, other extra bonus is also awaiting you!",
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