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      "body": "Normally I would begin with buying some book and read it along with practicing the stuff I don't fully understand but this time I am planning to do it the hard way. On [official Oracle exam topics list](https://education.oracle.com/java-se-11-developer/pexam_1Z0-819) there are 13 main sections and 32 subsections if I'm counting it correctly. So let's begin with the first one:\n\n> ##### 1. Working with Java data types\n> ###### 1.1. Use primitives and wrapper classes, including, operators, parentheses, type promotion and casting\n\nSo it looks like a lot to do at once but is it? Let's recap.\n\n### Primitives and wrapper classes\n\nThere are eight primitive types and each of them has a wrapper class: \n``` byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, boolean ```\n\n[Primitive wrapper class in Java](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_wrapper_class_in_Java) wikipedia article looks like a good starting point to get overall idea of what are we dealing with. But that is not enough for a Java certification exam or it was not the case beck when I've begun my journey with Java language as my main source of income.\n\nLet's see an example question from some random free Java mock exams out there:\n\n> After running following piece of code, what would be the output:\n>\n> ```\n>public static void main(String[] args) {\n>        int i = 127;\n>        int j = i;\n>        int x = 128;\n>        int y = x;\n>        \n>        List l = new ArrayList();\n>        l.add(i);\n>        l.add(j);\n>        l.add(x);\n>        l.add(y);\n>        \n>        System.out.println(l.get(0) == l.get(1));\n>        System.out.println(l.get(2) == l.get(3));\n>    }\n>```\n> 1. true\n> false\n> 2. true\n> true\n> 3. false\n> true\n> 4. code would not compile\n\nThis is the kind of questions you could expect (at least I would) on a Java certification exam and the correct answer is... the 1st  one. Why? There are several issues covered in this question actually. First thing is that primitives are impossible to be stored in a List (you could use array for that, thanks God Java is consistent) and because of that, behind the scenes `int` is automatically converted (or [autoboxed](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/data/autoboxing.html) to be precise) into `Integer` as only objects are being able to be stored in a `List`. Another issue is that, because of performance and optimization purposes, \n\n```public static Integer valueOf(int i)```\n\n method, according to [java doc](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/java/lang/Integer.html#valueOf(int))\n\n> will always cache values in the range -128 to 127\n\nand the last piece is the `==` operator. When two primitive `int` values are compared everything should be fine and work as you would expect it to. Resulting in `true true` being printed to the console. But when `==` is used to compare two objects, the first comparison is done for exactly the same instance of the `Integer` object. You should know it's the same instance because of the value - 127 is  in the range of cached values. 128 on the other hand is not thus two different instances are created while putting (atoboxing) into the list. This is the madness you should prepare for if you like to become Certified Java Programmer (TM). There is even (a question covering that on Stack Overflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20897020/why-integer-class-caching-values-in-the-range-128-to-127).",
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      "title": "How about Java certification in 2022",
      "body": "Oracle doesn't make it easy to figure out what is the current certification path regarding java language or is there any to begin with. If you made a break like me (maybe not as long as mine) and was not paying attention for a while it might be hard to catch up. Normally there was [SCJA -> SCJP -> SCJD](https://coderanch.com/t/178489/certification/difference-SCJP-SCJA-SCJD) if you are old enough to remember those. OK there was some more stuff going on like [SCJP into SCWCD](https://www.java-samples.com/showtutorial.php?tutorialid=717) etc. but the path was clear and stable (for the most part at least, it was expected *but not mandatory* to have SCJP and SCJD to take SCEA for example but I digress). Now, when there is no S in the acronym anymore and new java version pops out twice a year this might be harder to grasp.\n\n## TL;DR\n \nPlain and simple, there is only one: **Java SE 11 Developer - 1Z0-819**. \n\n## Wait, what? No certification path?\n\nTheoretically you can lean towards *Java EE 7 Application Developer - 1Z0-900* but you do so at your own risk. Based on [official Oracle description of the exam]() it looks like is bundled with (I still hope that this is a typo):\n> - Create Java Web Applications using Servlets and JSPs\n> - Develop Web Applications using JSFs\n\nWhile this is (not) a great piece of IT history, in 2022 it looks like waste of time. Even an official Oracle java training admits - in the introduction of the course - that web based front end is not something java does exceptionally well (to put it mildly). Quote from [transcript](https://learn.oracle.com/ols/course/overview/40805/79727/110386):\n\n> Also, for user interface, you can also create servlets, Java server pages, and Java server faces applications, although we're seeing that being used less and less.\n\nOf course you can do it if you are workin in a museum of technology and/or maintaining some old internal piece of... software. I would expect that in neither of those cases investing in certification would be done for any other reason than just out of pure curiosity. \n\n## But there are other options right?\n\nRight. Surprise, surprise there might be fewer than you thought:\n\n| Certification | Comment |\n|---|---|\n| Java SE 8 Programmer I (1Z0-808) |  |\n| Java SE 8 Programmer II (1Z0-809) | 1Z0-808 required |\n| Java SE 11: Upgrade Developer (1Z0-817) | retired 30.11.2021 |\n| Java SE 11 Developer (1Z0-819) |  |\n| Java SE 17 Developer (1Z0-829) | coming soon |\n|Java EE 7 Application Developer (1Z0-900) | |\n\nOn one hand it makes certification simpler, finally when [eclipse foundation have taken over all EE components](https://www.infoworld.com/article/3310042/eclipse-takes-over-all-java-ee-reference-components.html) in 2018 it looks like 1Z0-900 is probably the last EE certification exam provided by Oracle. On the other hand if you like collecting badges then in the world of Java there would be only one badge to collect - the SE one (in the free introduction you can hear something about Java Card or ME but I don't know who are they trying to fool). Last opportunity for badge collectors would be 1Z0-900 but you have to be quick as the offer is most probably valid while stocks last and can be terminated any time soon.\n\n## But why to focus on certification in the first place\n \nFor me it was sort of lesser driving force. Some would say that it is good to have a certification not only to show it during interview but to be able to organize and memorize stuff better. I wouldn't have been aware of [finalize](https://www.baeldung.com/java-finalize) method if I hadn't  studied to the SCJP exam. If that awareness helped me in anything is a totally different story and that leads to another issue with certificates especially those related to Java realm. \n\nI've heard (more than once), about S/OCJP that it is a bad practice exam and I couldn't agree more. For me though it was quite fun to deep dive into the syntax, compilation and classloader related issues that I was asked to solve during exam grade tasks. It helped a lot and even if I have learnt something I would never use, I would never us it intentionally and would be ready to point it out during review of my colleagues' code. This is quite important, especially in case of mission critical systems which operates under heavy peak load 24/7 and there are a lot of those implemented in Java I can assure you. \n\nThat said, plan for 2022 looks simple, there is only one Java certification exam worth to be taken and just after that it might be great time for trying something completely different ;)",
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