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      "body": "## Analysis ##\nBlockchain technology derived from the Bitcoin stack promises much in the era of digital business. The Bitcoin blockchain is currently the primary mechanism for implementing a decentralized, distributed ledger of cryptocurrency transactions — although alternatives are have been underway.\n\nThere is a contradiction between the requirements of a private blockchain and the capabilities of public blockchain, which result from its original purpose of creating a value-exchange system that is resistant to control by a single central authority. This will be an ongoing tension, similar to the dynamic between public and private cloud.\n\nBlockchain platforms, also known as distributed ledger technology and termed \"metacoin platforms\", remain at the peak of the Hype Cycle curve. This means inflated expectations still abound, the result of a lack of knowledge of the technology and what problems it can be applied to.\n\n## The Essence of Blockchain Technology ##\nMany enterprises are considering blockchain technology but perceive it to be a tool or platform for database management, data integration, application integration, identity management, records management and/or business process management. In its current form, blockchain technology is none of these, although it may evolve to eventually encompass several of these areas.\n\n The only blockchain platform that is proven mature, secure and rock solid in production is the Bitcoin blockchain (although, additionally, the Ethereum platform has recently gained credibility).\n\n The Bitcoin blockchain is conceptually simple: a flat file, a sequential list of transaction records denominated in bitcoin currency. This record of transactions (distributed ledger) is implemented as direct-to-file-system storage, meaning there is no use of a conventional database management system (DBMS) (except for in a secondary role as a query mechanism for metadata). \n\nInstead of relying on a DBMS tool or platform, the Bitcoin ledger is a manually coded data structure that consists of a sequential chain of blocks, in which each block comprises several hundred transaction records appended to the rest of the chain at roughly 10-minute intervals per block. The entire dataset is massively replicated across thousands of nodes in a peer-to-peer network, each one running software that implements the Bitcoin protocol. The system is designed to avoid reliance on any one server, on any one organization or on any one software implementation. Instead, the blockchain represents a trusted record within an untrusted environment — an authoritative record of significant events, where the truth of the record is defined by the majority of nodes in the peer-to-peer network (strictly speaking, by the majority of computational power).\n\nDespite this successful track record, the Bitcoin blockchain has known limitations in scalability, flexibility and governance. Due to design decisions made that favor the full scope of the \"Byzantine Generals' problem,\" the system will favor security and data integrity over scalability and flexibility. Regarding throughput, the entire system has a theoretical capacity of only seven transactions per second (tps) maximum (in practice, this number is about three tps). This transaction volume is not for a single application, but for the entire network — the entire world of bitcoin.\n\n## A Crowded Competitive Arena That Continues to Grow ##\nOver the past two years, there has been a proliferation of blockchain technologies. Some of these are directly competitive with the Bitcoin technology stack, and therefore are designed as public blockchains (similar to Bitcoin, they are integrated with a value token or digital currency). Others are oriented to private blockchain deployments (private networks where the number of participants is stable; all nodes are known; and there is a mechanism that grants permission to participate, which might be a centralized identity management system).\n\nAlthough choosing the eventual winner for this sector is unlikely, given that it may not even be on the market, it is possible to state what that winner will look like.\n\n Here are the characteristics of a winning blockchain platform:\n\n* Open source — this is necessary to cultivate a rich and diverse ecosystem and accelerate adoption through network effect.\n \n* Modular architecture with layers of programmability and customizability — as above, this cultivates an ecosystem and enables market adoption.\n \n* Global scale — scalability, performance and efficiency are essential if blockchain is to become the foundation for the \"Internet of Money.\"\n\n*  Multiple implementations of the core protocol — multiple, independently developed implementations ensure that the protocol is understood, well-defined and adds resistance to possible attacks (as occurred with the Ethereum platform in September 2016). This requires there to be an accurate and precise specification of the core protocol, as opposed to relying on one codebase that is not documented.\n\n* Hardened through public blockchain deployment — this is the only way to ensure that the system is secure and \"bulletproof,\" by exposing it to the worst threats on the open internet, as has occurred with both the Bitcoin stack and the Ethereum platform.\n\n* Configurable for private blockchain deployment and support for confidentiality of transactions — because most businesses do not want their transactions to be visible by their competitors or by the rest of the world.\n\n*  Functioning governance — there needs to be a cohesive decision-making structure that can respond in an agile and coherent manner to threats to the system.\n\n*  Advanced smart contract capability — because the current generation of smart-contract technology relies on traditional languages (similar to Java or C#), which are inadequate for the rigorous requirements of large-value contracts (and are best supported by metadata-driven or mathematically verifiable programming systems).\n\n* Adequate tooling for developing, debugging, deploying, monitoring and managing smart-contract-based systems (the importance of which was underscored by the recent denial-of-service attacks on the Ethereum network).\n\n![blockchain.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmabMqUzm3SRvyeZN5FM1irJUPd1HNntpGHfqt3vmtv8oj/blockchain.png)",
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      "body": "At some point, old software installed, just has to go away. The million dollar question is when. Don’t be a Prisoner of Legacy Systems.\n\nAfter recently experience of having a legacy system for about 8 years too long that prompted me to blog on this topic. I’ve seen the impact first hand with regard to project timelines, business climate changes, and constant tickets to the help desk. Project managers constantly asking, “Why does it take longer every year to do something simple?”. – Really?\n\nAn online definition,\n\n> A legacy system is an old method, technology, computer system or application program that continues to be used, typically because it still functions for the users’ needs, even though newer technology or more efficient methods of performing a task are now available.\n\nThose who are making these technology decisions are not typically directly affected by them. They’re looking at out-of-pocket cost versus total cost of ownership. While this takes place, I’m more concerned with all the time involved to resolve the same repeatable problems along with trying to figure out an escape from the legacy prison. So what do I do? Just keep answering those same ridiculous rhetorical questions of “Why does it takes so long and why is it so difficult” with a calm soothing voice, “Because you incurred Technical Debt”.\n\nDuring the course of 8 long years of projects, the project team took shortcuts due to a variety of reasoning, such as lack of technical ability, pressure of meeting project deadlines, or just flat-out lazy. You can imagine over time, these poor decisions accumulate huge backlogs of inefficiencies that keep getting kicked down the road. At some point, Peter may not let you rob him while Paul needs an early payment.\n\nWhile the cost of maintaining an old system may indicate that a change is needed, it is also possible to spend more than necessary on a new solution. We need solutions that help us stay competitive, however wasting money on software upgrades, can be unnecessarily as it increases Technical Debt. When the old systems can’t keep up with the business demands or changes, it’s time to replace. In the absence of due diligence, it is not always clear which option of replacement or upgrade, is best.\n\nMost replacement systems at minimum, need to provide marginal benefits over any legacy system being replaced to justify the cost. Poor legacy software replacement decisions happen when technology decisions are not aligned with business requirements and strategy. Have you had lunch with your Enterprise Architect lately?\n\nSo let’s encourage our product owners to make conscious decisions on if the economics justifies the cost of the incurring technical debt. Not all technical debt needs to be repaid as one can live with issues on a product nearing end of its life. Just like your payment of financial debt, it is good stewardship to first repay the “high interest” technical debt. It is preferable that technical debt be repaid incrementally (like making a monthly mortgage payment) through use of practices such as peer reviews, refactoring, continuous integration, and automated testing.\n\nSo what’s your strategy for technical debt prioritization on your portfolio prison? A general rule of thumb could be based on comparing the degree of current value of business capabilities against the degree of business value that the system fulfills for future business needs. This may not get you out of an early prison sentence, however maybe, just maybe, feeling liberated removes illusions of being in one.\n\n> That which we manifest is before us; we are the creators of our own destiny. Be it through intention or ignorance, our successes and our failures have been brought on by none other than ourselves.\n― Garth Stein, The Art of Racing in the Rain\n\n![office.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmRAedy2hzfyzGfPmnwM2qXCtNAdsQWgpDXZUAFcjxoVqp/office.jpg)",
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      "body": "## Analysis ##\nBlockchain technology derived from the Bitcoin stack promises much in the era of digital business. The Bitcoin blockchain is currently the primary mechanism for implementing a decentralized, distributed ledger of cryptocurrency transactions — although alternatives are have been underway.\n\nThere is a contradiction between the requirements of a private blockchain and the capabilities of public blockchain, which result from its original purpose of creating a value-exchange system that is resistant to control by a single central authority. This will be an ongoing tension, similar to the dynamic between public and private cloud.\n\nBlockchain platforms, also known as distributed ledger technology and termed \"metacoin platforms\", remain at the peak of the Hype Cycle curve. 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This transaction volume is not for a single application, but for the entire network — the entire world of bitcoin.\n\n## A Crowded Competitive Arena That Continues to Grow ##\nOver the past two years, there has been a proliferation of blockchain technologies. Some of these are directly competitive with the Bitcoin technology stack, and therefore are designed as public blockchains (similar to Bitcoin, they are integrated with a value token or digital currency). 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This requires there to be an accurate and precise specification of the core protocol, as opposed to relying on one codebase that is not documented.\n\n* Hardened through public blockchain deployment — this is the only way to ensure that the system is secure and \"bulletproof,\" by exposing it to the worst threats on the open internet, as has occurred with both the Bitcoin stack and the Ethereum platform.\n\n* Configurable for private blockchain deployment and support for confidentiality of transactions — because most businesses do not want their transactions to be visible by their competitors or by the rest of the world.\n\n*  Functioning governance — there needs to be a cohesive decision-making structure that can respond in an agile and coherent manner to threats to the system.\n\n*  Advanced smart contract capability — because the current generation of smart-contract technology relies on traditional languages (similar to Java or C#), which are inadequate for the rigorous requirements of large-value contracts (and are best supported by metadata-driven or mathematically verifiable programming systems).\n\n* Adequate tooling for developing, debugging, deploying, monitoring and managing smart-contract-based systems (the importance of which was underscored by the recent denial-of-service attacks on the Ethereum network).\n\n![blockchain.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmabMqUzm3SRvyeZN5FM1irJUPd1HNntpGHfqt3vmtv8oj/blockchain.png)",
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      "body": "## Analysis ##\nBlockchain technology derived from the Bitcoin stack promises much in the era of digital business. The Bitcoin blockchain is currently the primary mechanism for implementing a decentralized, distributed ledger of cryptocurrency transactions — although alternatives are have been underway.\n\nThere is a contradiction between the requirements of a private blockchain and the capabilities of public blockchain, which result from its original purpose of creating a value-exchange system that is resistant to control by a single central authority. This will be an ongoing tension, similar to the dynamic between public and private cloud.\n\nBlockchain platforms, also known as distributed ledger technology and termed \"metacoin platforms\", remain at the peak of the Hype Cycle curve. This means inflated expectations still abound, the result of a lack of knowledge of the technology and what problems it can be applied to.\n\n## The Essence of Blockchain Technology ##\nMany enterprises are considering blockchain technology but perceive it to be a tool or platform for database management, data integration, application integration, identity management, records management and/or business process management. In its current form, blockchain technology is none of these, although it may evolve to eventually encompass several of these areas.\n\n The only blockchain platform that is proven mature, secure and rock solid in production is the Bitcoin blockchain (although, additionally, the Ethereum platform has recently gained credibility).\n\n The Bitcoin blockchain is conceptually simple: a flat file, a sequential list of transaction records denominated in bitcoin currency. This record of transactions (distributed ledger) is implemented as direct-to-file-system storage, meaning there is no use of a conventional database management system (DBMS) (except for in a secondary role as a query mechanism for metadata). \n\nInstead of relying on a DBMS tool or platform, the Bitcoin ledger is a manually coded data structure that consists of a sequential chain of blocks, in which each block comprises several hundred transaction records appended to the rest of the chain at roughly 10-minute intervals per block. The entire dataset is massively replicated across thousands of nodes in a peer-to-peer network, each one running software that implements the Bitcoin protocol. The system is designed to avoid reliance on any one server, on any one organization or on any one software implementation. Instead, the blockchain represents a trusted record within an untrusted environment — an authoritative record of significant events, where the truth of the record is defined by the majority of nodes in the peer-to-peer network (strictly speaking, by the majority of computational power).\n\nDespite this successful track record, the Bitcoin blockchain has known limitations in scalability, flexibility and governance. Due to design decisions made that favor the full scope of the \"Byzantine Generals' problem,\" the system will favor security and data integrity over scalability and flexibility. Regarding throughput, the entire system has a theoretical capacity of only seven transactions per second (tps) maximum (in practice, this number is about three tps). This transaction volume is not for a single application, but for the entire network — the entire world of bitcoin.\n\n## A Crowded Competitive Arena That Continues to Grow ##\nOver the past two years, there has been a proliferation of blockchain technologies. Some of these are directly competitive with the Bitcoin technology stack, and therefore are designed as public blockchains (similar to Bitcoin, they are integrated with a value token or digital currency). 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