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      "title": "Bitcoin Unlimited is a bug by itself",
      "body": "<div class=\"section-inner sectionLayout--insetColumn\">\n\n# Bitcoin Unlimited is a bug by itself\n\nI’ve been involved in Bitcoin since 2012 and never felt the need to write a post about its state, but we all have to stand up for decentralization now.\n\nIf you don’t know what’s Bitcoin Unlimited, I’ll explain the whole story.\n\n**Bitcoin as-it-is is hardly scalable**. The theoretical number of transactions per second is in the single digits. There’s a block each ~10mins, and each block is 1MB.\n\nDevelopers have proposed various solutions during the years.\n\nThe one that **miners have been supporting** lately **is Bitcoin Unlimited**.\n\nBitcoin Unlimited takes a very simple approach to scaling. Let’s make the blocks bigger, that should work! Let’s hope users and miners will reach _emergent consensus_ over the block size, and live happily ever after!\n\nBut **the consequences of leaving the block size open to the miner consensus are terrible. They centralize the currency**. I’ll explain why.\n\n### Making mining an oligopoly\n\nTop miners would be incentivized to **push the block size even more**, to push out some of their competition. Some miners wouldn’t have the computing power, or it wouldn’t be cost efficient for them to process larger and larger blocks, so **they would retire**.\n\nRepeat that process slowly, kicking out a low percentage of miners each time, and **you would have taken over Bitcoin**. You would own and control it. It’s true that even if that happens, miners couldn’t do certain things — for example they can’t fake a transaction for you. **But they could double spend, meaning that the currency is worthless.**\n\nIf mining is very centralized now, imagine with BU. Basically a very powerful miner called Jihan Wu would control it.\n\n### Ending full nodes\n\nToday’s block size is 1MB. With that block size, the blockchain already is >100GB. **I can run a full node on my 1TB disk**.\n\n**But if the block size was 10MB, I couldn’t**. Meaning that soon **I wouldn’t be able to run my own full node, and should trust others**.\n\nDecentralized, trustless currency? No more.\n\nSo Bitcoin Unlimited is a huge bug itself. It’s a joke. It’s a way of **selling a soon-to-be centralized coin as if it was Bitcoin**. It’s bundling a backdoor into Bitcoin so a couple miners can control it.\n\nAnd this is just from the technical standpoint. I won’t go into the specifics of what the **BU mafia has done** to promote their interests. Or into **their nonexistent programming skills**, bundling critic bugs into their software. That could be another very long story. They’re toxic.\n\n### Okay… what’s the solution then?\n\n**SegWit** (Segregated Witnesses). SegWit solves a well known problem called transaction malleability.\n\nTransactions have identifiers. Right now, creating a transaction it will have a certain ID. But if I create the same transaction and re-sign it, the cloned transaction will have a different ID from the original. So it may spend the same coins, but the transaction will have a different ID.\n\nMalleability was the major hurdle for **payment channels**, which can make Bitcoin **infinitely scalable**.\n\nSo with SegWit, you can have both **millions of transactions per second** and **instant confirmations**.\n\n### Why miners don’t like it?\n\n![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1200/1*Z6VQRfZkMAn20Th_iwak0w.jpeg)\n\nThey now have **the opportunity to become decision makers at the protocol level**. If they can decide the block size, they can decide how the game works.\n\nIf Bitcoin scales by moving a lot of transactions out to a second layer, miners will just be players of the game, not masters.\n\nMining would continue being a competitive market and they would continue being just miners.\n\nSo now it’s their only opportunity to take over and control the currency.\n\n### Will there be a hard fork?\n\nBitcoin Unlimited would need a **hard fork**. Meaning that at some point there will be two parallel Bitcoin realities. That’s contrary to SegWit, which would need only a **soft fork**.\n\nIt’s true that in the event of a BU hard fork, BU would probably have the majority of the hash rate (computing power) devoted to it.\n\nDoes it make it the legit chain? Nope.\n\nNormally we would say that the longest chain, and the one with more hash rate is the legit one.\n\nYet that chain would have a built-in bug to become centralized. So it’s not secure. **Even Dogecoin would be more secure than BU**.\n\n![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1600/1*McEBxOhjS1srrDAE38VpXw.jpeg)\n\n### Should I sell all my BTC?\n\nFirst of all, I’m not giving any investment advice.\n\nI’ll tell you what I’m gonna do if the fork happens.\n\nBefore it happens, I’m gonna sit down, serve a cold drink, and buy more BTC. After it happens, I’m gonna do exactly the same. In the process, I’ll watch that BU shitcoin crash and burn.\n\n### Bitcoin Unlimited = centralized Bitcoin\n\nBitcoin is valuable because it’s **decentralized**. If it stops being, it’s worthless. So **Bitcoin Unlimited is worthless**.\n\nLong live Bitcoin Core, long live SegWit and **long live decentralization**!\n\n_PS: I love Ethereum and their research on PoS. I’m so looking forward for them to switch._\n\n</div>",
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      "body": "<div class=\"postArticle-content js-postField js-notesSource js-trackedPost\" data-post-id=\"88b9f51212dc\" data-source=\"post_page\" data-collection-id=\"c52c6baddaff\" data-tracking-context=\"postPage\"><div class=\"section-divider\"><hr class=\"section-divider\"></div><div class=\"section-content\"><div class=\"section-inner sectionLayout--fullWidth\"><div class=\"aspectRatioPlaceholder-fill\" style=\"padding-bottom: 56.39999999999999%;\"></div><div class=\"progressiveMedia js-progressiveMedia graf-image\" data-image-id=\"1*Bd4kJ29tygdJ0BaGJP-2Tw.jpeg\" data-width=\"1600\" data-height=\"903\"><img src=\"https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2000/1*Bd4kJ29tygdJ0BaGJP-2Tw.jpeg\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\" class=\"progressiveMedia-thumbnail js-progressiveMedia-thumbnail\"></div></div></div><div class=\"section-inner sectionLayout--insetColumn\"><h1 name=\"2431\" id=\"2431\" class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--figure graf--title\">Facebook serving fake news is not the problem we should look&nbsp;at</h1><p name=\"28bb\" id=\"28bb\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\">I’ve seen a lot of people crying out to Facebook lately. It is hard to deny that they had <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">a huge impact on the past US elections</strong>. They are the world’s biggest social media company. And yes, social media is still media, so they are a media company. Just that their media is crowdsourced and not produced by them.</p><p name=\"bf57\" id=\"bf57\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Fake news is not created by them, but they spread like fire. After all, sometimes fake news is what people want to believe in. <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">Everyone is happy seeing how their beliefs are publicly supported</strong>.</p><p name=\"925b\" id=\"925b\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Facebook’s incentive is to retain users and engage them as much as possible. So they provide people with the content they want to see. So <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">Facebook is incentivized to prioritize fake news in the users’ newsfeeds</strong>.</p><p name=\"a538\" id=\"a538\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">The thought process for the majority of people so far would be something like:</p><ul class=\"postList\"><li name=\"20fa\" id=\"20fa\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--p\">Facebook serves fake news to their users</li><li name=\"732e\" id=\"732e\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\">The massive sharing of fake news influenced the US elections</li><li name=\"8ce0\" id=\"8ce0\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\">The outcome of the US elections was not favorable</li><li name=\"a397\" id=\"a397\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\">So Facebook must drop fake news from their ranking algorithm</li></ul><p name=\"b3a4\" id=\"b3a4\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--li\">Until here, the thought process seems sane. The problem is the next step.</p><h3 name=\"91a7\" id=\"91a7\" class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--p\">Fake news&nbsp;detector</h3><p name=\"fb39\" id=\"fb39\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\">Some say the solution is that Facebook should use a fake news detector and either ban them or alert the user.</p><p name=\"324d\" id=\"324d\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">This could be achieved today with common machine learning techniques. This seems pretty sane too. The problem is that <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">this filtering algorithm is a double-sided sword</strong>.</p><p name=\"7bd4\" id=\"7bd4\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Since <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">it would be run by a central entity, you cannot influence it</strong>. They determine what’s fake and what isn’t. That is an extremely <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">powerful propaganda tool</strong>. A filter to just remove information or make them think it is plain false.</p><p name=\"4b49\" id=\"4b49\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">Even if they let users customize it</strong> — which nobody would do, <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">there is no way to prove they are obeying the custom filtering settings</strong>. This is true of any centralized service, since <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">you cannot see the code that is running on their servers</strong>.</p><p name=\"1ab2\" id=\"1ab2\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">This inevitably creates a dictatorship. A company that is managing all your social connections, now can determine what is true or not.</p><p name=\"5715\" id=\"5715\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Mainstream media is not always right, but they have the brand. People believe in them without even fact checking. Even some editors don’t fact check. So you could end up with some totally incorrect piece of news that this filter can mark as correct.</p><p name=\"38c0\" id=\"38c0\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Or the other way around, <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">a fine piece of news can be marked as fake and mine its credibility forever</strong>.</p><h3 name=\"5bda\" id=\"5bda\" class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--p\">Individuals should be&nbsp;informed</h3><p name=\"302e\" id=\"302e\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\">Citizens have a vote because they are supposed to be informed about the options.</p><p name=\"1cb9\" id=\"1cb9\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">If they are not, <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">that is a problem in democracy, not in some private company</strong>.</p><p name=\"3441\" id=\"3441\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Actually, by giving the power to decide what people should read to an opaque algorithm, we are making the problem worse. It makes this company <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">take decisions for the voters, thus influencing their decisions</strong>.</p><h3 name=\"2e0e\" id=\"2e0e\" class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--p\">Facebook is a private&nbsp;company</h3><p name=\"4e7b\" id=\"4e7b\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\">We have went through why people defending that Facebook should remove fake news are plain wrong. They are not technical enough to understand the implications of that possible solution.</p><p name=\"e474\" id=\"e474\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Nor they understand how governance works. Facebook is a private company. Seems like <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">some people believe Facebook is some public service or something</strong>. It is not. They can build the product they want to build. <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">As a user you don’t have any decision power.</strong></p><p name=\"2a0c\" id=\"2a0c\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">And that’s fine! <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">We all agreed to that when signing up and using it</strong>. So, if you don’t like Facebook, why not to stop crying and just leave it?</p><p name=\"5c10\" id=\"5c10\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">New, better social networks are possible. Networks that can solve the fake news problem without falling into a dictatorship.</p><h3 name=\"f271\" id=\"f271\" class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--p\">The true solution to the fake news&nbsp;problem</h3><p name=\"6ac3\" id=\"6ac3\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\">So <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">an algorithm run by a private company in their opaque servers can be useful, but leads to a dictatorship.</strong> And gives unprecedented power to that given company.</p><p name=\"0df9\" id=\"0df9\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">If we believe the solution is an algorithm, we would need it to be:</p><ul class=\"postList\"><li name=\"6e9e\" id=\"6e9e\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--p\">Open source</li><li name=\"1f2a\" id=\"1f2a\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\">Fully customizable by the users</li><li name=\"ea6d\" id=\"ea6d\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\">Its defaults are consensuated among all parties using the network</li><li name=\"894c\" id=\"894c\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\">The filtering and flagging are done locally, and thus verifiable and transparent</li></ul><p name=\"82ae\" id=\"82ae\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--li\">And this brings us to something like a blockchain-based social network.</p><p name=\"f5ac\" id=\"f5ac\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">This network would be peer-to-peer. <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">There is not central company with opaque servers</strong>.</p><p name=\"c278\" id=\"c278\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">It would be open source, so you can <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">review the filtering algorithm you are running</strong>.</p><p name=\"8e1a\" id=\"8e1a\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">It would have a consensus mechanism so <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">users can decide what should be the sensible defaults</strong> for the algorithm.</p><p name=\"09a7\" id=\"09a7\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">The incentives here would be:</p><ul class=\"postList\"><li name=\"1c7e\" id=\"1c7e\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--p\">The network creators want all news to spread, so there’s more content and usage. So their incentives would be for the filtering list to be as minimal as possible. Thus <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">this disincentivizes censorship</strong></li><li name=\"8a7f\" id=\"8a7f\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\">The publishers would want to convince users that their content is accurate. They would put in place <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">easy ways for people to verify the facts</strong></li><li name=\"3573\" id=\"3573\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\">The users, for the most part, don’t care and will use the defaults. And they will rarely vote to change them. Yet, <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">the users that care, will indeed fight for accuracy</strong>. Like how Wikipedia contributors behave</li></ul><p name=\"5460\" id=\"5460\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--li\">As I said in my <a href=\"https://blog.luisivan.net/human-relationships-have-been-owned-1ff27da0a63#.ra3g1ud4b\" data-href=\"https://blog.luisivan.net/human-relationships-have-been-owned-1ff27da0a63#.ra3g1ud4b\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" target=\"_blank\">previous post about decentralizing social media</a>, I’m very excited about <a href=\"http://akasha.world\" data-href=\"http://akasha.world\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" target=\"_blank\">Akasha</a>. I would love for them to <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">implement something like this in the future</strong>.</p><p name=\"63e9\" id=\"63e9\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">I can imagine a future where <a href=\"https://steemit.com\" data-href=\"https://steemit.com\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" target=\"_blank\">Steem</a> incentivizes the creation of great content, and <a href=\"http://akasha.world\" data-href=\"http://akasha.world\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" target=\"_blank\">Akasha</a> incentivizes its consumption. This can lead to meaningful, accurate information to be spread.</p><p name=\"3768\" id=\"3768\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p graf--last\">So stop crying out to a private company, and start helping alternatives that actually solve the problem, not make it worse.</p></div></div></div>",
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      "author": "luisc",
      "permlink": "human-relationships-have-been-owned",
      "title": "Human relationships have been owned",
      "body": "<div class=\"section-content\"><div class=\"section-inner sectionLayout--outsetColumn\"><img class=\"progressiveMedia-image js-progressiveMedia-image\" data-src=\"https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2000/1*Fdlrw8yFJbey3zhtymGhXA.jpeg\" src=\"https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2000/1*Fdlrw8yFJbey3zhtymGhXA.jpeg\"></div></div><div class=\"section-inner sectionLayout--insetColumn\"><h1 name=\"3ebe\" id=\"3ebe\" class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--figure graf--title\">Human relationships have been&nbsp;owned</h1><p name=\"6b4c\" id=\"6b4c\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\">As a teen, I had my first social media account opened when I was like 14. Almost all my classmates had it opened before that age. My generation just takes it for granted.</p><p name=\"11c6\" id=\"11c6\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">But when you think about <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">traditional human communication</strong>, it’s <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">peer to peer</strong> and <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">ephemeral</strong>. We talk to the person or group we want to talk to, they reply, and that’s it.</p><p name=\"c67f\" id=\"c67f\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Then the Internet came along, and people started communicating with each other using <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">aliases. </strong>Back then people used services like <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">mailing lists</strong> and <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">IRC</strong>, which were <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">federated</strong>.</p><p name=\"0031\" id=\"0031\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">But with the Internet going mainstream, <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">social media started</strong> appearing. People started using their <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">real names</strong>. And these social media companies had to retain users and think about ways of monetizing them.</p><p name=\"a44e\" id=\"a44e\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">No more federated. <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">Everything became centralized</strong>.</p><p name=\"e825\" id=\"e825\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">There are quite a few problems with centralized social networks:</p><ul class=\"postList\"><li name=\"04a3\" id=\"04a3\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--p\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Network dependent</strong>. You cannot add a Google+ friend if you are in Facebook. Or I cannot redirect all my Facebook Messenger messages to another platform. I am locked in forever.</li><li name=\"ed97\" id=\"ed97\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Your data is in the hands of a third party</strong>. Imagine talking to your girlfriend. Now imagine talking to your girlfriend with a random group of people listening. That’s what we’re doing right now.</li><li name=\"e06d\" id=\"e06d\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Data remains forever accessible to the network owner</strong>. You think you can delete something in a centralized service? Everything that you upload to servers you don’t control (the so called <em class=\"markup--em markup--li-em\">cloud</em>), you cannot have a proof that your data has been deleted.</li><li name=\"15fc\" id=\"15fc\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Surveillance everywhere</strong>. If something can be under surveillance, it will. Governments like control. They will say it’s terrosism, a tsunami, or cats taking over the world. It doesn’t matter. When sharing data with a company linked to governments, you cannot assure your data will not end up in their hands.</li><li name=\"709c\" id=\"709c\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Censorship</strong>. A centralized entity takes decisions for you. What should you see or not? What can you post or not? And taking decisions for a large group of people has <a href=\"http://www.dictionary.com/browse/dictator\" data-href=\"http://www.dictionary.com/browse/dictator\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--li-anchor\" target=\"_blank\">a clear definition</a>.</li><li name=\"8e76\" id=\"8e76\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Manipulation</strong>: Which news should you see first? Which friends matter the most for you? This can go to the creepiest levels. How do you want to feel about your friends? How are you feeling now and what would make you feel better? That’s happening right now, because giving people what they want is what drives user retention.</li><li name=\"7ab5\" id=\"7ab5\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">No freedom of expression</strong>. You don’t say what you really want to say if you are being constantly monitored. Everything you say can be used against you.</li></ul><blockquote name=\"5f92\" id=\"5f92\" class=\"graf graf--pullquote graf-after--li\">Saying you don’t care about privacy because you have nothing to hide is like saying you don’t care about free speech because you have nothing to&nbsp;say.</blockquote><blockquote name=\"f6f2\" id=\"f6f2\" class=\"graf graf--pullquote graf-after--pullquote\">Edward Snowden</blockquote><h3 name=\"c1e7\" id=\"c1e7\" class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--pullquote\">Don’t be owned, own your&nbsp;data</h3><p name=\"70de\" id=\"70de\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\">I feel positive about the decentralized alternatives to social networking that are appearing now. The one I like the most is <a href=\"http://akasha.world\" data-href=\"http://akasha.world\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" title=\"http://akasha.world\" target=\"_blank\">Akasha</a>. It’s super early but I couldn’t be more excited of being an early tester.</p><div name=\"1797\" id=\"1797\" class=\"graf graf--mixtapeEmbed graf-after--p\"><a href=\"http://akasha.world\" data-href=\"http://akasha.world\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--mixtapeEmbed-anchor\" title=\"http://akasha.world\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--mixtapeEmbed-strong\">AKASHA Project | Co-creating The Language of Freedom</strong><br><em class=\"markup--em markup--mixtapeEmbed-em\">With AKASHA your thoughts and ideas will echo throughout humanity's existence, thanks to a new kind of planetary-scale…</em>akasha.world</a><a href=\"http://akasha.world\" class=\"js-mixtapeImage mixtapeImage u-ignoreBlock\" data-media-id=\"dd08d54429333415736c63a8d877f769\" data-thumbnail-img-id=\"0*vr6N7l9SpmpNJApt.\" style=\"background-image: url(https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/fit/c/320/320/0*vr6N7l9SpmpNJApt.);\"></a></div><p name=\"a1ce\" id=\"a1ce\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--mixtapeEmbed\">It uses the <a href=\"https://ethereum.org/\" data-href=\"https://ethereum.org/\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" target=\"_blank\">Ethereum</a> blockchain, and creates a social profile that you fully own.</p><p name=\"1748\" id=\"1748\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Since it is a set of <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">contracts in a decentralized ledger</strong>, there’s no dictator deciding how you should use it. It is <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">not a walled garden</strong>. It is <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">censorship-resistant</strong>. And your identity is just a key pair, so it is easy to add <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">end to end cryptography</strong> to all the social interactions.</p><p name=\"ca5a\" id=\"ca5a\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">This is not a matter of which product has the best features, or which product has the largest user network. It is a matter of principles.</p><p name=\"4222\" id=\"4222\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">It is just an answer to a simple question.</p><p name=\"3491\" id=\"3491\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p graf--last\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">Do you want to live in a world in which a central party owns every single human relationship?</strong></p></div></div>",
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      "title": "Human relationships have been owned",
      "body": "<div class=\"section-content\"><div class=\"section-inner sectionLayout--outsetColumn\"><img class=\"progressiveMedia-image js-progressiveMedia-image\" data-src=\"https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2000/1*Fdlrw8yFJbey3zhtymGhXA.jpeg\" src=\"https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/2000/1*Fdlrw8yFJbey3zhtymGhXA.jpeg\"></div></div><div class=\"section-inner sectionLayout--insetColumn\"><h1 name=\"3ebe\" id=\"3ebe\" class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--figure graf--title\">Human relationships have been&nbsp;owned</h1><p name=\"6b4c\" id=\"6b4c\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\">As a teen, I had my first social media account opened when I was like 14. Almost all my classmates had it opened before that age. My generation just takes it for granted.</p><p name=\"11c6\" id=\"11c6\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">But when you think about <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">traditional human communication</strong>, it’s <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">peer to peer</strong> and <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">ephemeral</strong>. We talk to the person or group we want to talk to, they reply, and that’s it.</p><p name=\"c67f\" id=\"c67f\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Then the Internet came along, and people started communicating with each other using <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">aliases. </strong>Back then people used services like <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">mailing lists</strong> and <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">IRC</strong>, which were <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">federated</strong>.</p><p name=\"0031\" id=\"0031\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">But with the Internet going mainstream, <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">social media started</strong> appearing. People started using their <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">real names</strong>. And these social media companies had to retain users and think about ways of monetizing them.</p><p name=\"a44e\" id=\"a44e\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">No more federated. <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">Everything became centralized</strong>.</p><p name=\"e825\" id=\"e825\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">There are quite a few problems with centralized social networks:</p><ul class=\"postList\"><li name=\"04a3\" id=\"04a3\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--p\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Network dependent</strong>. You cannot add a Google+ friend if you are in Facebook. Or I cannot redirect all my Facebook Messenger messages to another platform. I am locked in forever.</li><li name=\"ed97\" id=\"ed97\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Your data is in the hands of a third party</strong>. Imagine talking to your girlfriend. Now imagine talking to your girlfriend with a random group of people listening. That’s what we’re doing right now.</li><li name=\"e06d\" id=\"e06d\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Data remains forever accessible to the network owner</strong>. You think you can delete something in a centralized service? Everything that you upload to servers you don’t control (the so called <em class=\"markup--em markup--li-em\">cloud</em>), you cannot have a proof that your data has been deleted.</li><li name=\"15fc\" id=\"15fc\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Surveillance everywhere</strong>. If something can be under surveillance, it will. Governments like control. They will say it’s terrosism, a tsunami, or cats taking over the world. It doesn’t matter. When sharing data with a company linked to governments, you cannot assure your data will not end up in their hands.</li><li name=\"709c\" id=\"709c\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Censorship</strong>. A centralized entity takes decisions for you. What should you see or not? What can you post or not? And taking decisions for a large group of people has <a href=\"http://www.dictionary.com/browse/dictator\" data-href=\"http://www.dictionary.com/browse/dictator\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--li-anchor\" target=\"_blank\">a clear definition</a>.</li><li name=\"8e76\" id=\"8e76\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">Manipulation</strong>: Which news should you see first? Which friends matter the most for you? This can go to the creepiest levels. How do you want to feel about your friends? How are you feeling now and what would make you feel better? That’s happening right now, because giving people what they want is what drives user retention.</li><li name=\"7ab5\" id=\"7ab5\" class=\"graf graf--li graf-after--li\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--li-strong\">No freedom of expression</strong>. You don’t say what you really want to say if you are being constantly monitored. Everything you say can be used against you.</li></ul><blockquote name=\"5f92\" id=\"5f92\" class=\"graf graf--pullquote graf-after--li\">Saying you don’t care about privacy because you have nothing to hide is like saying you don’t care about free speech because you have nothing to&nbsp;say.</blockquote><blockquote name=\"f6f2\" id=\"f6f2\" class=\"graf graf--pullquote graf-after--pullquote\">Edward Snowden</blockquote><h3 name=\"c1e7\" id=\"c1e7\" class=\"graf graf--h3 graf-after--pullquote\">Don’t be owned, own your&nbsp;data</h3><p name=\"70de\" id=\"70de\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--h3\">I feel positive about the decentralized alternatives to social networking that are appearing now. The one I like the most is <a href=\"http://akasha.world\" data-href=\"http://akasha.world\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" title=\"http://akasha.world\" target=\"_blank\">Akasha</a>. It’s super early but I couldn’t be more excited of being an early tester.</p><div name=\"1797\" id=\"1797\" class=\"graf graf--mixtapeEmbed graf-after--p\"><a href=\"http://akasha.world\" data-href=\"http://akasha.world\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--mixtapeEmbed-anchor\" title=\"http://akasha.world\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--mixtapeEmbed-strong\">AKASHA Project | Co-creating The Language of Freedom</strong><br><em class=\"markup--em markup--mixtapeEmbed-em\">With AKASHA your thoughts and ideas will echo throughout humanity's existence, thanks to a new kind of planetary-scale…</em>akasha.world</a><a href=\"http://akasha.world\" class=\"js-mixtapeImage mixtapeImage u-ignoreBlock\" data-media-id=\"dd08d54429333415736c63a8d877f769\" data-thumbnail-img-id=\"0*vr6N7l9SpmpNJApt.\" style=\"background-image: url(https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/fit/c/320/320/0*vr6N7l9SpmpNJApt.);\"></a></div><p name=\"a1ce\" id=\"a1ce\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--mixtapeEmbed\">It uses the <a href=\"https://ethereum.org/\" data-href=\"https://ethereum.org/\" class=\"markup--anchor markup--p-anchor\" target=\"_blank\">Ethereum</a> blockchain, and creates a social profile that you fully own.</p><p name=\"1748\" id=\"1748\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">Since it is a set of <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">contracts in a decentralized ledger</strong>, there’s no dictator deciding how you should use it. It is <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">not a walled garden</strong>. It is <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">censorship-resistant</strong>. And your identity is just a key pair, so it is easy to add <strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">end to end cryptography</strong> to all the social interactions.</p><p name=\"ca5a\" id=\"ca5a\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">This is not a matter of which product has the best features, or which product has the largest user network. It is a matter of principles.</p><p name=\"4222\" id=\"4222\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p\">It is just an answer to a simple question.</p><p name=\"3491\" id=\"3491\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--p graf--last\"><strong class=\"markup--strong markup--p-strong\">Do you want to live in a world in which a central party owns every single human relationship?</strong></p></div></div>",
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      "body": "## Technology drives progress. Innovators create abundance.\nFrom year 0 to 1000, the world’s GDP increased by about thirty percent. From 2005 to 2015, it has increased by almost one hundred percent — and this trend is only accelerating. We’re living in a magical era that our ancestors could have only dreamed of.\n\nIn 1790, just one year after the Constitution was ratified, U.S. Congress passed The Patent Act as a framework to boost innovation. While it helped shape innovation, it hasn’t been able to evolve at the pace that our society has. The patent system has failed to evolve, and it’s failing us as innovators to move forward.\n\n## We believe in a world where companies focus on progressing society, not on using their intellectual property to sue others.\n\nEntrepreneurs that start companies know this better than anyone. Your chance of failing is still the most possible outcome, no matter if you came up with the best idea. What really sets you apart is executing the idea the right way.\n\nSam Altman from YCombinator, possibly the best engine of building successful companies so far created, puts it succinctly:\n\n> “You can generally tell people what you’re working on without NDAs, and most patents never matter. The value, and the difficulty, comes from execution.”\n\nToday, one of the world’s most innovative companies is Tesla. In 2014, its visionary CEO, Elon Musk, announced in a post called All Our Patents Belong To You that, from that point in time, all of the company’s patents would be free for everyone to use.\n\nHe described his rationale clearly: *“receiving a patent really just meant that you bought a lottery ticket to a lawsuit”*, and gave his reasons for the decision:\n\n> “Technology leadership is not defined by patents, which history has repeatedly shown to be a small protection indeed against a determined competitor, but rather by the ability of a company to attract and motivate the world’s most talented engineers. We believe that applying the open source philosophy to our patents will strengthen rather than diminish Tesla’s position in this regard.”\n\nWe can see a couple of key facts described here, namely that patents are usually of little protection against a determined competitor. This means that **execution always outperforms intellectual property**.\n\nThe second is a practical reason, and is that **being open about your technology makes it easy for a company to attract passionate and talented engineers**. And people are the best resource a company can have.\n\n## We dream of a world in which intellectual property is free, and everyone is able to benefit from it.\nSince it began, a lot of people were skeptical that the open source movement would impose over proprietary software. People thought keeping everything hidden and proprietary was the way they could differentiate.\n\nThis has been disproven time and time again. In reality, **for every single proprietary software that you create, there will be someone who creates an open alternative**.\n\nThe practical benefits of openness, such as anybody’s ability to improve the software, the possibility of significant brand exposure, the opportunity to attract great talent, and the possibility that your code ends up in places that you could never imagine, make it obvious why open source reigns supreme.\n\nFurthermore, openness is not only about practicality or business, it can also have a much deeper, ideological side.\n\nBack to Elon:\n\n> “We believe that Tesla, other companies making electric cars, and the world would all benefit from a common, rapidly-evolving technology platform.”\n\nAs an example of patents slowing down progress, 3D printers became mainstream not because of a technological breakthrough, but because a patent expired.\n\nWhen you open your invention, the world benefits from it. Human evolution is not only biological anymore. We have expedited the process, creating advanced technology that simplifies our lives, and lets us create even more advanced technology.\n\nSo, as **it wouldn’t be possible for anyone to patent the next biological change in the human body, it shouldn’t be possible for anyone to patent the next invention that will represent a great evolution of our species.**\n\nBack in the day, the Black Death wiped more than a half of Europe. Imagine if someone would have created a solution for it right after it started spreading. Now imagine that the solution was patented, and that during 20 years only the richest could buy it and live. That’s just not right. That’s happening now in a smaller scale.\n\nIn practice, as our evolution is technological now, having a monopoly on your new device or software is as ridiculous as having a monopoly on the future DNA of human beings.\n\n## We need to stop the enemies of innovation: patent trolls.\nWe live in a world full of hope. Children in underserved areas have, for the first time, have the chance to express themselves, to learn from others, and to do what makes us humans fulfilled: to create, to invent.\n\nBut all this hope goes down the drain when doing the most human act — inventing, involves running in the risk of infringing patents.\n\nThis is ironic because the goal of the patent system was to empower individuals to make their innovations public by granting them temporary monopolies for their works.\n\nUnfortunately, the patent system is doing the opposite it was created for.\n\n**The patent system is also the home of the so called “patent trolls”**, or non-practising entities. Their mission is to **accumulate patents with the only purpose of extorting money to those pushing for innovation**. They patent already invented things, and patent or buy obvious inventions so they can later threaten companies with a lawsuit.\n\nAnd they have enormous success. Not even the company with the largest market cap in history, Apple, is free from their threats and extortion.\n\nPatent trolls cost the American economy $29bn a year.\n\nPatent trolls make small companies go bankrupt.\n\nPatent trolls distract innovators from building.\n\nPatent trolls threaten innovation.\n\nPatent trolls must be eliminated.\n\nThey may have a few victories remaining. But in the long term, they are doomed.\n\nThat’s why we want to make innovation work for humanity, again.\n\n*Thanks to Daniele Levi and Michael Lisovetsky for their feedback and suggestions.*",
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      "body": "## Technology drives progress. Innovators create abundance.\nFrom year 0 to 1000, the world’s GDP increased by about thirty percent. From 2005 to 2015, it has increased by almost one hundred percent — and this trend is only accelerating. We’re living in a magical era that our ancestors could have only dreamed of.\n\nIn 1790, just one year after the Constitution was ratified, U.S. Congress passed The Patent Act as a framework to boost innovation. While it helped shape innovation, it hasn’t been able to evolve at the pace that our society has. The patent system has failed to evolve, and it’s failing us as innovators to move forward.\n\n## We believe in a world where companies focus on progressing society, not on using their intellectual property to sue others.\n\nEntrepreneurs that start companies know this better than anyone. Your chance of failing is still the most possible outcome, no matter if you came up with the best idea. What really sets you apart is executing the idea the right way.\n\nSam Altman from YCombinator, possibly the best engine of building successful companies so far created, puts it succinctly:\n\n> “You can generally tell people what you’re working on without NDAs, and most patents never matter. The value, and the difficulty, comes from execution.”\n\nToday, one of the world’s most innovative companies is Tesla. In 2014, its visionary CEO, Elon Musk, announced in a post called All Our Patents Belong To You that, from that point in time, all of the company’s patents would be free for everyone to use.\n\nHe described his rationale clearly: *“receiving a patent really just meant that you bought a lottery ticket to a lawsuit”*, and gave his reasons for the decision:\n\n> “Technology leadership is not defined by patents, which history has repeatedly shown to be a small protection indeed against a determined competitor, but rather by the ability of a company to attract and motivate the world’s most talented engineers. We believe that applying the open source philosophy to our patents will strengthen rather than diminish Tesla’s position in this regard.”\n\nWe can see a couple of key facts described here, namely that patents are usually of little protection against a determined competitor. This means that **execution always outperforms intellectual property**.\n\nThe second is a practical reason, and is that **being open about your technology makes it easy for a company to attract passionate and talented engineers**. And people are the best resource a company can have.\n\n## We dream of a world in which intellectual property is free, and everyone is able to benefit from it.\nSince it began, a lot of people were skeptical that the open source movement would impose over proprietary software. People thought keeping everything hidden and proprietary was the way they could differentiate.\n\nThis has been disproven time and time again. In reality, **for every single proprietary software that you create, there will be someone who creates an open alternative**.\n\nThe practical benefits of openness, such as anybody’s ability to improve the software, the possibility of significant brand exposure, the opportunity to attract great talent, and the possibility that your code ends up in places that you could never imagine, make it obvious why open source reigns supreme.\n\nFurthermore, openness is not only about practicality or business, it can also have a much deeper, ideological side.\n\nBack to Elon:\n\n> “We believe that Tesla, other companies making electric cars, and the world would all benefit from a common, rapidly-evolving technology platform.”\n\nAs an example of patents slowing down progress, 3D printers became mainstream not because of a technological breakthrough, but because a patent expired.\n\nWhen you open your invention, the world benefits from it. Human evolution is not only biological anymore. We have expedited the process, creating advanced technology that simplifies our lives, and lets us create even more advanced technology.\n\nSo, as **it wouldn’t be possible for anyone to patent the next biological change in the human body, it shouldn’t be possible for anyone to patent the next invention that will represent a great evolution of our species.**\n\nBack in the day, the Black Death wiped more than a half of Europe. Imagine if someone would have created a solution for it right after it started spreading. Now imagine that the solution was patented, and that during 20 years only the richest could buy it and live. That’s just not right. That’s happening now in a smaller scale.\n\nIn practice, as our evolution is technological now, having a monopoly on your new device or software is as ridiculous as having a monopoly on the future DNA of human beings.\n\n## We need to stop the enemies of innovation: patent trolls.\nWe live in a world full of hope. Children in underserved areas have, for the first time, have the chance to express themselves, to learn from others, and to do what makes us humans fulfilled: to create, to invent.\n\nBut all this hope goes down the drain when doing the most human act — inventing, involves running in the risk of infringing patents.\n\nThis is ironic because the goal of the patent system was to empower individuals to make their innovations public by granting them temporary monopolies for their works.\n\nUnfortunately, the patent system is doing the opposite it was created for.\n\n**The patent system is also the home of the so called “patent trolls”**, or non-practising entities. Their mission is to **accumulate patents with the only purpose of extorting money to those pushing for innovation**. They patent already invented things, and patent or buy obvious inventions so they can later threaten companies with a lawsuit.\n\nAnd they have enormous success. Not even the company with the largest market cap in history, Apple, is free from their threats and extortion.\n\nPatent trolls cost the American economy $29bn a year.\n\nPatent trolls make small companies go bankrupt.\n\nPatent trolls distract innovators from building.\n\nPatent trolls threaten innovation.\n\nPatent trolls must be eliminated.\n\nThey may have a few victories remaining. But in the long term, they are doomed.\n\nThat’s why we want to make innovation work for humanity, again.\n\n*Thanks to Daniele Levi and Michael Lisovetsky for their feedback and suggestions.*",
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