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      "body": "几个月前，有朋友告诉我他正在炒一个声称基于区块链技术叫通源积分的东西，这个项目的要点总结出来主要有以下两条：\n\n1.要进行这个项目首先要存入一笔钱，同时通过推荐他人加入的方式可以增加这个钱的数目，除此之外，每年可以基于这笔钱获得超过10%稳定收益；\n\n2.这笔钱可用于购买积分（这被称为内盘，即直接向积分发行方购买积分），而积分在一个叫中亚网的交易平台上可以进行买卖（这被称为外盘，即售卖积分以及用持有积分的卖家开出的价格对积分进行购买）。\n\n看到第一点理性点的人就已经知道这个项目就是个非法集资性质的项目，钱投进去庄家，庄家不把筹集到的资金进行投资产生收益，无疑会产生泡沫，并且庄家若将筹集到的钱购买比特币等匿名交易货币或者直接跑路买家就将血本无归，该项目圈钱的方式正是基于这一条；\n\n但这个项目迷惑人的是第二点，即积分的买卖。\n\n在区块链概念频出以及炒币市场火热的背景下，积分发行方利用投机者后悔当初因为自己没有慧眼而没能吃上比特币这块蛋糕不能再一次错过发家致富机会的心理，吸引了许多散户参与进积分外盘的买卖，同时，积分发行方也会大量买入积分以求炒高积分价格吸引那些希望从发行方身上薅羊毛的用户炒卖积分，从而营造出他们的积分产品具有实际价值不存在泡沫的假象，以吸引更多的用户参与到这个项目中从而牟利。\n\n如果一切顺利，有丰富炒股经验的朋友是可以小赚一笔全身而退的。但没过多久，国家突然发布了ICO的监管条例，严禁数字货币在国内的买卖，许多炒币网都将用户的钱按照当时的币值退钱给用户，而那个朋友后来怎样我没有多问，想来不是很好（积分当时的价格有多低我就不说了）。\n\n经过这件事，一个问题始终在困扰着我：\n\n数字货币与数字货币之间到底区别在哪，为何有的数字货币能价值万金，而有的数字货币却是一文不值？\n\n接下来谈谈自己对此的想法。\n\n要说货币首先得谈价值。（以下分析均属于举例说明，不是货币真正的发展史）\n\n首先我们知道有用的东西才有价值，没用的东西是谈不上价值的，即有价值的东西要有自己的功能。但“有用”这本身就是一个很主观的描述。同样的事物在不同场合对不同人就有这不同的意义，一块石头对某些人可能只是路边一个踢到会有点疼的障碍，但对另外的人可能却是寄托着某种意义的无法替代的宝玉。你说这石头有用吗，看人。\n\n在这里，我们知道了一些东西是只对特定某人或某些人有用的，对其他人来说这些东西只不过是某些人的信仰，不干涉但也不支持。\n\n但有些东西是几乎对所有人都有用的，例如食物，无论是在什么地方什么文明（不考虑超前的文明不需要食物），只要是人要生存就必须要进食，这我们称为生存的必需品，这对所有人都是有价值的。\n\n这时候的价值仍然只是要不为0要不是1。\n\n而价值在0和1之间的意义在下面的情况下会体现出来：\n\n生存的必需品在生活中的分配是不均匀的，当必需品数量充足并且每个人的需求都能被自己可以支配的必需品数量满足时，个别人因为自身优势获取的比别人更多的必须品本身的有用性就会下降但不至于消失，这时有用性就从只有0或1变成了0~1；另外，当必需品种类不止一样，比方说再加上水，一个人可能3天不吃食物不会饿死，但7天不喝水可能就会因缺水死亡，这时有用性被用来比较，自然也就从0或1变成了0~1，而必需品与非必需品的比较也会使价值在0和1之间有了意义。\n\n以上情况都可以看出价值经过比较就被赋予了0到1之间的意义，但究竟是多少，还是看人，每个人心中都可以有一杆秤并坚信自己的秤是对的。\n\n接下来，考虑到必需品对某些人来说不够的情况。之前说了，有人占有的必需品是高于自己所需的。假设这时候这个掌握更多必需品的人正好在他心中石头价值很高，而那个需要必需品的人手头又正好有一块石头的时候，这块石头在他心中的价值就从0向1变化了。但这次与先前不同，这个石头的价值没有办法自己定，只能在这两个人把石头和必需品做交换的时候石头的价值才能完全确定下来，而且是在两个人心中是统一的。当这样的交换行为大量发生，就逐渐形成了市场，而石头的价值也逐渐被所有人统一。\n\n这里我们可以看到，石头之所以能够有统一的价值在于大家都要交换价值本来在每个人心中都基本统一的必需品，而这个主导价值多少的人是那个手中握有更多必需品的人，所有石头的价值都因石头在他心中的分量改变而改变。随着交换的进行，他手中石头的数量变多，石头在他心中的价值逐渐折损，市场上人们就需要花费更多的石头来换取与之前同样的食物。\n\n直到刚才货币都没有出现，但里头出现的生存必需品却隐约拥有了一些货币的影子（可以作为交换的标准）。\n随着人们发现对于那些持有超量食物的人他们认为有价值的的东西不止石头一样，可以用来交换食物的东西越来越多，而食物种类也不止一种，相互之间也可以用来交换，市场内流通的东西越来越复杂。\n\n经过人们反复实践，逐渐发现某些东西是能换到大部分需要的东西的，不能换的再另寻他法，因此逐渐地通过携带这某几样东西就可以在市场上方便地进行交换。\n现在我们知道这些东西中的某样又因为其自身独特的性质最终成为了我们说的货币。\n因此，货币最大的价值是能使交换变得方便。\n\n通过以上分析可以得到下面几点结论\n\n>1.货币在作为货币之前本身就有作为一般商品的价值，并且其价值主要能满足的是占有资源最多的人的需求；\n>2.作为货币的价值是能使交换变得方便；\n>3.有市场才有货币，这个货币的直接价值也只在孕育它的市场中才存在；\n>4.不同市场孕育出的货币可以通过交换在其他市场中产生间接价值。\n\n接下来，结合以上四点，并通过该技术声称能实现的功能分析为何基于区块链技术以及加密算法共识算法产生的数字货币能够有货币才有的价值。\n\n（我不是研究技术的，所以以下对区块链技术及各种算法的看法可能会有不对，错的请指教。）\n\n区块链是一种分布式的信息储存方式，信息存储在各个节点上，存储节点即服务器主机，其工作就是发布信息并记录其他节点发布的信息，再通过相应的共识算法使各个节点的信息统一。任何改变信息内容的行为都是要付出代价的，同时记录信息可以获得相应的报酬，而记录信息这一行为也需要相应的权限才能进行。这一权限正是通过破解加密算法的密码或者其他的规则（如投票）而获得。获得权限并记录信息的过程就是俗称的挖矿，记录信息所获得的的奖励就是挖出的矿。\n\n这里讲的报酬以及付出的代价都是指在这一环境中的虚拟标定物，这一标定物的数量由一套规则算法指定，可以是无限的也可以是有限的。出了这一环境，这一标定物没有任何价值，即在现实世界中这些虚拟符号没有任何意义。同时，由于标定物的数量是由算法规则产生，因此其本身并不具备任何价值（什么数论上的价值不予考虑），这一点正好与结论1对于货币的描述不同，而也正是这一点使得虚拟标定物天生就具有“去中心化”的特性，即不对任何人是特殊的也不受任何人，在孕育出这一标定物的环境下其价值也不因某人而改变。\n\n以比特币为例，比特币是作为比特币这一环境下的记录信息的报酬以及修改信息内容的代价，而比特币交易的过程及数量是作为信息本身被各节点记录储存的。而要获得记录比特币交易信息的权限就必须解一个由加密算法生成的方程，这个方程的解的数量是有限的，这一过程就是比特币的挖矿过程。\n这样可以看到，比特币本身在现实环境中是没有任何意义的，即在现实世界中没有直接价值。而在比特币的环境中又是去中心化的，其价值不变，这符合结论3的描述。\n\n但我们如今看到的数字货币却是能够和真金白银兑换的，只因为有人肯定了孕育特定数字货币的特定环境，而为这个环境埋单（广为流传的1万个比特币买两个披萨正是环境外的人对这个特定环境的肯定而使比特币首次在现实世界获得间接价值）。（在这里说明一下，这个这里的环境的都是上面四点结论中说的市场，而环境中包含的元素有发布信息的人、记录信息的人以及记录的信息。）因此，正如结论4中所说，数字货币在现实世界中产生了间接价值。\n\n基于以上分析，我们不难理解为什么同样是数字货币，其价值却天差地别，因为孕育不同货币的环境就天差地别。\n接下来说说steemit。\n\nsteemit上记录的信息主要是用户发的贴以及用户点赞踩的行为，还有交易行为。\n\n而负责挖矿的矿工只有20个，通过用户投票选出，定期更换；\n\nsteemit上有着3种货币，其中steem和另外两种货币是可以通过一定规则相互转换的，而steem也作为和外部环境的交易货币存在着。steemit把修改信息的代价与酬劳分成了两种不同的指标。\n\n与比特币不同，修改信息花费的代价每天是会自动恢复的（比特币可不会自己就涨回来），这一点是让许多初接触steemit的用户最不理解的，他们天然地认为，这个代价就和现实中的钱是等价的，自然就会问钱从哪里来。\n\nsteemit中的货币自然只能通过20位矿工挖矿获得，而他们获得的矿部分会自动分配给用户，不同sp的用户分到的比例是不同的。而分配给高sp用户的矿可以认为是给他们帮助鉴别优质内容的报酬。\n\n在我看来，steemit能使steem在外环境获得间接价值的产品主要有两部分，一部分自然是用户在steemit上发布的高质量的内容，另一方面就是steemit上高sp的用户。在不考虑sp用钱直接购买的情况下，高sp意味着对于高质量内容的高鉴别能力，这部分能力是有价值的。这是steemit的初衷，但现实是steemit上有着大量充钱的傻瓜机器人，这一方面不利于优质内容的发现，另一方面不利于高鉴别能力用户的培养，这两方面无疑都对steem价值的提升没有好处。\n\nsteemit作为一个基于区块链技术的应用是一个有趣的尝试，只愿能够被温柔对待。",
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      "body": ">*林尽水源，便得一山，山有小口，仿佛若有光。*\n>\n>                 ——《桃花源记》\n\n  ",
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      "body": "Congratulations @llgg! You have completed some achievement on Steemit and have been rewarded with new badge(s) :\n\n[![](https://steemitimages.com/70x80/http://steemitboard.com/notifications/firstvoted.png)](http://steemitboard.com/@llgg) You got a First Vote\n\nClick on any badge to view your own Board of Honor on SteemitBoard.\nFor more information about SteemitBoard, click [here](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)\n\nIf you no longer want to receive notifications, reply to this comment with the word `STOP`\n\n> By upvoting this notification, you can help all Steemit users. Learn how [here](https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/http-i-cubeupload-com-7ciqeo-png)!",
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      "body": ">*林尽水源，便得一山，山有小口，仿佛若有光。*\n>\n>                 ——《桃花源记》\n\n  ",
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      "body": "之前没有怎么写过东西\n以后可能也没有\n好好在这里记录 \n好好在这里学习",
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