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      "body": "So, this was a a roller-coaster week in relations between Judaism and Russian Orthodoxy. It started when one of the country’s best-known clerics, a man regarded as personally close to President Vladimir Putin, dropped a verbal bombshell while making an announcement about the hitherto mysterious workings of a church panel which is tasked with investigating the apparent remains of the last tsar and his family, killed by firing-squad in July 1918. “A large share of the church commission members have no doubt that the murder was ritual,” declared Bishop Tikhon Shevkunov. \n\nAlthough he made no reference to Judaism, any historically-conscious Russian would instantly link the expression “ritual murder” with some of the darkest episodes in Jewish-Christian relations, in Russia and elsewhere, when anti-Semitic pogroms were triggered by absurd rumours that Jews had murdered Christians in order to use their blood for some ritual function. In the Russian empire, such craziness persisted until the very eve of the revolution: in 1913, a Jew called Mendel Beilis was put on trial in Kiev for “ritual murder” against a background of public hysteria whipped up by ultra-nationalist groups. A Catholic priest testified for the prosecution while Orthodox Christian theologians, along with Moscow's leading rabbis, spoke for the defence. Beilis was acquitted, but the case highlighted Russian anti-Semitism.\n\nAs might have been expected, the bishop’s odd use of words prompted strong protests from Jewish groups, in Moscow and beyond. A spokesman for Russia’s Federation of Jewish communities declared: “This [turn of phrase] comes across as absolute barbarism for a whole series of reasons.”\n\nAs news of the cleric’s words spread through the Western and Israeli media, Bishop Tikhon indignantly denied that there was anything anti-Semitic about the suggestion that the murder of the tsar and his family was a ritual killing. On the contrary, the slaying of the royals was a ritualistic act from the point of view not of any religion but of atheist, Bolshevik ideology. “The murder of the tsar and his family, putting the final stamp on the existence of the...300-year-old Romanov dynasty was a matter bearing very special, ritualistic, symbolic meaning for many,” as the bishop put it.Jewish leaders were somewhat reassured by this clarification but they stuck to their view that because of its loaded history, the use of the expression “ritual murder” had been unacceptable.\n\nMeanwhile Mr Putin, even while cultivating a Russian nationalist ideology which often has an anti-Semitic edge, has hitherto been very careful to nip in the bud any open resurgence of anti-Jewish feeling. At one point, during recent arguments over the stewardship of St Isaac’s Cathedral in St Petersburg, advocates of handing the building over to the church began using anti-Semitic taunts against those who favoured keeping it as a state museum. But this line of argument was firmly slapped down by the government after Israeli and Jewish protests.\nFor at least 48 hours this week, after the bishop came out with his “ritual murder” remarks, it appeared that the taboo on using language offensive to Jews in high public places might have been lifted. His subsequent clarification (albeit unaccompanied by any hint of regret or contrition over the offence caused) helped to alleviate those worries.\n![20171202_BLP503.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmbpEasiYPoHxCdsteAKFK2aEPxKB4YmmWENBP3n3AyeLe/20171202_BLP503.jpg)\n\nBut people will continue to watch very carefully what the Russian authorities, wordly and spiritual, do and say in the eight months leading up the 100th anniversary of the royal executions. The style of these commemorations will amount to a hugely important message about how the country’s current rulers view Russia’s past, and consequently about how they see the nation’s future. In the White Russian diaspora which kept the memory of the Romanovs alive, the story of the executions was often told with an anti-Semitic tinge. That helps to explain the startling effect of the bishop’s words.",
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      "body": "Technology is like a shape shifter. It is constantly evolving and changing in new forms. One day it could be a new i-phone and the next day it could be a new i-mac. However, there is a difference when the latest technology is not only a new i-phone or a new i-mac, but also a new robot. On April 19 2015, Sophia became the latest humanoid robot that was designed by ‘’Hanson Robotics’’. According to her AI developer, David Hanson, Sophia is capable of imitating human gesturers and recognizing facial expressions. But, that is not all. Sophia is also the first robot, who has a citizenship. And, Saudi Arabia is the first country to accept a robot as her citizen. Unfortunately, awarding this citizenship was not as pleasant as it was for Sophia, because some women complained that Sophia actually has more rights than millions of women in Saudi Arabia. Also, there are other critics, who are claiming that this simple act of granting a citizenship to a robot can ‘’underestimate’’ the importance of having a citizenship. So, could an AI robot like Sophia jeopardize our human identity? \n\n![nnnn.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmWCMMLkKqTbtv2YJMdvR6k9aJE34ijUpGfAgSdPjcVWcE/nnnn.jpg)\nImgCredits-pixabay.com\n\nThe AI Threat of All Humanity\n\nFrancesco Ferrari, Maria Paola Paladino and Jolanda Jetter were a research team that conducted two studies. The goal in both of the studies was to gain a better knowledge of the consequences that can occur by engaging robots in the society. They considered that the similarity between humans and robots is really concerning and it could have a negative impact on all of us. Being similar with an AI robot can really threaten our identity and our chance to be a unique and exceptional human being. So, in order to confirm this hypothesis, the researchers shared photos of robots with the participants. These photos included three types of robots. They were mechanical robots who had no human resemblance, biped humanoids that had a body shape similarity and androids. The androids were the perfect twin of a human being.\n\nThe results of the first study determined that the human look of the robot ‘’helped’’ in predicting the danger that could happen, by living in a robotic future. And, in the second study the research team concluded that androids were the ’hardest’ in the human-robot distinction. They were also recognized as the future ’’nightmare’’ of all human beings. These studies were published in the ‘’International Journal of Social Robotics’’. At the end the researchers believed that this theory “contributes to a better understanding of why people fear the impact of social robots’’. And, it helps them to finally identify the most ‘frightening’ robots. \n\nHowever, besides identifying human’s most ’frightening’ robots, we also need to face some of the changes that AI is ’’cooking’’ for us. So, the question is: Are we ready for these changes? \n\nThe Future of Self-Driving Cars\n‘’Waymo’’ is our hope for living in a self-driving future. It began in 2009, as a self-driving project of Google. Now it is an autonomous car company that uses self-driving technology to design vehicles that are able to ‘drive’ on their own. On 7 November 2017, the company officially began to test self-driving cars. They tested autonomous minivans on the public road in Arizona. And, later these minivans passed more than 3.5 million of miles across the US. Also, the company has taken more than 20,000 individual tests drives. So, even though ‘’Waymo’’ is still in a testing ‘mode’, they announced that their first self-driving vehicle will be released in 2020. “Fully self-driving cars are here’’, confirmed John Krafcik the CEO of ‘’Waymo’’. And, I believe that this first autonomous vehicle will not only signify the new era for the automotive industry, but it will also signify a new era for saving millions of life. \n\nThe Future of Cyber-Humans \n\n‘’I really think in the future we are all going to be cyborgs. I think the human and the computer are really, really quickly becoming one tightly-coupled cognitive unit’’, claims Shimon Whiteson, an associate professor at the University of Amsterdam.  He adds that humans will be more productive if they have the possibility of expanding their brain with a perfect memory or ‘’upgrading’’ it with an accurate calculator. But, Thomas Dietterich , the President of the Association for Advancement of AI , hopes that we will be more than just productive.  ‘’For example, I hope that exoskeletons will allow me to walk when I am old and feeble. I hope that I can retain my sense of hearing and sight even as my eyes and ears fail’’, he said. According to him the combination of human and artificial intelligence is fascinating, because it has the potential of making us super humans. So, I believe that AI would be a great ‘assistant’ in helping us to do what we want to do or what we want to be.\n\nThe Future of AI in the Workplace\n\nIn 2013, Researchers at the Oxford University published a study of jobs that are possible to become automated jobs. Jobs like Library Technicians, Mathematical Technicians, Tax Preparers, Watch Repairers and others professions that share a mutual pattern of repeated and similar activities. On the other hand, the study also revealed the jobs that are less likely to become AI jobs. They are: Recreational Therapists, Occupational Therapists, Audiologists, Healthcare Social Workers and other careers that involve a human interaction. At the end the researchers concluded: \"Our findings thus imply that as technology races ahead, low-skill workers will reallocate to tasks that are non-susceptible to computerization i.e. tasks requiring creative and social intelligence’’. So, this ‘’job robbery’’ from AI will actually ‘’push’’ us in finding a more creative and productive job.\n\n The Future of AI in the Medical Care\n\nWhile people are growing older, the need of AI is growing bigger. Taking care of these needs is actually taking care of senior needs. And, according to Antonio Espingardeiro, an expert in robotics, AI has the potential to ‘’meet’’ with these needs. To prove this, Espingardeiro has developed a model of elder-care robot. This robot is capable of providing basic care while communicating with doctors. He can supervise the elderly and make sure they take their medicine on time. ‘’We can have more home robots that can help people with these activities of daily living. Making sure people take their medicine, helping them prepare their food, and making sure that if they don't get out of bed someone is notified’’ predicts Matthew Taylor , a computer scientist at Washington University. So, it is true. AI has the potential. It is the potential to be a caring and thoughtful doctor. \n\n Can AI change our World?\n\nCreating machines that could make the world a better place to live is a real challenge. But, \"There are very few people in the world that actually understand how to get machines to learn and think. Deep learning is still new.’’ indicates Quoc Le, a software engineer at Google Brain. Deep learning is the science for machine learning. It is also called ‘’Deep Neural Network’’ because it uses neural networks to process images, text and feelings. And, according to Le, as long as the deep learning develops in AI, people will feel more prepared to use it on global matters like climate change or poverty. \"I'm confident deep learning isn't going to 'plateau' anytime soon and that it'll continue to grow rapidly’’ claims Andrew Ng, the cofounder of Google Brain. He clarifies that the idea of this deep learning is to create machines that will be able to make their own decisions. And, I am sure that when the AI starts to think independently, then our planet will also start to ‘’recover’’ from her own diseases and catastrophes. \n\nCan AI become our Friend? \n\n‘Pepper’ is the first humanoid robot that is ‘’capable’’ of becoming our friend. He was designed in Japan and he was programmed to develop his own emotions. By having his own emotions the robot is also capable of recognizing others emotions and that helps him to adapt or behave properly. Also, Pepper is created to communicate in the most natural way, by using his body movements and voice. And, that makes him more than just a robot. It makes him a kind and interesting companion. According to ‘’Softbank Robotics Corp’’, the Japanese company, this lovely companion went on a sale in 2015 and sold within a minute. They believe that Pepper with his emotional awareness and collective wisdom will evolve and become a great friend. And, I think that becoming friends with a robot can be an exceptional and amazing experience.\n\nConcluding Thoughts\n\nHaving the ‘’hottest’’ tech ‘toy’ on the market is having a little piece of AI. It can be the latest model of digital camera or the latest model of i-pod. However, there is a difference of having an interesting tech device, and living closely with an intelligent machine. Living with an intelligent machine, for some people, is like living in fear. It is the fear that they will replace us, by constantly improving and replicating themselves. But, living with an intelligent machine, for other people, is like living in excitement. It is the excitement of investing in their development and the excitement of observing their evolution. However, it is still early to determine whether robots will be our friends or foes. So, I just hope that we will do anything we can to create a friendly and caring AI. \n\n\nReferences:\n\n•\tRyan Ayers , (2016) ‘’The Future of Artificial Intelligence: 6 ways it will impact everyday life’’ , http://bigdata-madesimple.com/the-future-of-artificial-intelligence-6-ways-it-will-impact-everyday-life/ \n•\tZara Stone , (2017), ‘’Everything You Need To Know About Sophia, The World's First Robot Citizen’’ , https://www.forbes.com/sites/zarastone/2017/11/07/everything-you-need-to-know-about-sophia-the-worlds-first-robot-citizen/#ee9436c46fa1\n•\tShirin Jaafari , (2017), ‘’Saudi Arabia has a new citizen: Sophia the robot. But what does that even mean?’’ , https://www.pri.org/stories/2017-11-01/saudi-arabia-has-new-citizen-sophia-robot-what-does-even-mean \n•\tGuia Marie Del Prado , (2015), ‘’18 artificial intelligence researchers reveal the profound changes coming to our lives’’ , http://www.businessinsider.com/researchers-predictions-future-artificial-intelligence-2015-10 \n•\tAngad Singh , (2015) , ‘’ ‘Emotional’ robot sells out in a minute’’ , http://edition.cnn.com/2015/06/22/tech/pepper-robot-sold-out/",
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      "body": "A comet, or scientifically known as a ‘’dirty snowball’’, is a snowball, who is filled with frozen gases, and dust. This ball also has the usual ‘’habit’’ to fly into the cosmos on the way to the Sun. The interesting thing, is that when an icy object like a comet gets closer enough to ‘’wing’’ around the Sun, then his ice warms up , and becomes a dust. In that moment, the comet gives ‘’birth’’ to a glowing hot cloud, called a coma. Furthermore, concerning the comet’s origin, and how she was formed, there are some astronomers, who believe that comets are actually the leftovers of stars and planets that existed 4.6 billion years ago. As well, there are also researchers, who claim that comets might also have been the original carriers of water , organic molecules, and compounds to Earth. Nowadays, they are also familiar as the building blocks of our solar system, and the life we have here on Earth. But, regardless of how comets were created ,and whether they were actually the ‘’shippers’’ of water , and molecules , they still exist , and for that reason the Earth could suffer from damages on a global scale. So, the question that ‘’arises’’ is: Should we be worried that a comet , or an asteroid could hit the earth in the near future?\n\nAccording to NASA , on June 24 , 2017, a very close ,,meeting’’ occurred between our Earth and a big space rock. Luckily, they say that this gigantic rock , also known as an asteroid, carefully passed by , otherwise it would have caused a massive ,,wipe-out’’ of all humanity , and living species here on Earth. But , even though one asteroid is ,,out of the way’’ experts fear that the next one called Apophis, who is going to hit the Earth on April 12, 2029 , and then again on April 13 , 2036 , is expected to “change [the orbit] in a way that is not fully predictable”. Tragically, if this 370 meters long rock happens to hit the Earth , scientists estimate that it would create an explosion, that will be 65,000 times more powerful of the nuclear bomb, that was dropped on Hiroshima. \n\n![asteroid-to-hit-earth-2036.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmYYChVsy1Tv1i6bzsdEbHgDDeTKFMuyAHJibRptJF6uyc/asteroid-to-hit-earth-2036.jpg)\nImgCredits – pixabay.com\n\nSo , how should we stop this ,,nightmare’’ of blowing up the Earth ? Are we aware enough that we could never be able to ,,wake up’’ again? \n\nAs NASA warned:  ‘’It is not a matter of if – but when we will be forced to deal with an asteroid slamming into the Earth’s surface’’. They and the European Space Agency have gathered their own  ,,forces’’ in ,,fighting this battle’’ . Crashing with a spaceship into an asteroid, and triggering a kinetic impact , is their mission to ,,save the world’’. In this proposed space operation they want to use two spacecraft. The first one will be launched by the European Space Agency in 2020 , and the second one by NASA in 2021 year. The primary goal is to see whether it is possible to change the direction of the flying asteroid, and to turn it away from the straight course, or to deflect it. But , in doing that , they alert us that there is an enormous risk of breaking the fragments, and causing the asteroid to speed up his flight straight to the Earth. In view of that, the mission still doesn’t have the ,,green light’’ for its approval, or confirmation for her funding.\n\nFurthermore , besides deflection as one of the proposed mitigation techniques, scientists also confirmed four more methods to stop the ,,killer’’ asteroid from getting ,,too close’’ to our precious Earth. They are :\n\nTrack and Characterize\n\nThere are a lot of flying objects in the orbit. Some of them are ,,hostile’’ and life threatening. But, some of them are not. Therefore, we need to take cautious telescopic observations for a couple of months , even years , before we could convincingly say : ‘’Yes , this asteroid is going to hit us! ‘’ . Otherwise the target object will be lost, and the sphere, or the path where it is rotating can be a real challenge for figuring out where the object is ‘’hiding’’. Once we succeed to find the asteroid, we need to characterize him based on his physical properties , composition , and spin rate. This is in case we need to deflect him. These two steps are necessary for better understanding the asteroid, and comets population, because asteroids, are highly variable , and they could influence the entire mission of deflecting it.\n\nNuclear weapons\n\nAlthough, nuclear weapons are still the most destructive weapon that humanity has ever developed, the ,,sweet’’ irony is that they could be a ,,live saver’’ in this situation. Detonating it near the comet , or asteroid , and use the heat from the explosion to accelerate the comet in opposite direction, as we mentioned before , could deflect the asteroid away from the Earth. But , then again we can’t be a hundred percent sure of the consistency in these objects, and how they are held together, so some scientists believe that even a small nuclear weapon can accidently shatter, rather than deflect the comet from the Earth. Therefore, they recommend that it will be very useful if we already know about the consistency of a comet or meteor , before using nuclear weapons.\n\nSolar radiation \n\nPushing off the space rock from the Earth , can be an ,,obligation’’ from our Sun too. The sun energy, or as astronomers like to call it a radiation, is an electromagnetic energy , that travels through space, and could put enough pressure to drive away any object in the solar system. This ,,sun pressure’’ could be generated by ,,belting’’ a sails onto the spacecraft, and letting them feel a wave of high energy – x rays , so that the vessel will slowly speed up , and steer away any objects closer to Ea\n\nGravitational Tractor\n\nEvery object in the universe has gravity. But , two objects can ‘’share’’ a gravitational attraction. How? Well , when they are flying in the same direction , and ‘’feel’’ that they are being pulled close to each other , then we say they create a gravity magnet , or gravitational attraction. \"We had looked at landing on the surface [of an asteroid] and all the problems associated with that, when we found that the gravitational force is about equal to the force that you plan to be pushing with anyhow,\" according to Lu , an astronomer. He also explained : \"You would use this small gravity force between the [spacecraft and the asteroid] as your towline to basically pull this thing,\"  And so , Lu , and the other astronomers consider that gravitational tractor is a viable solution, but as long as they are aware of the potential collision in the future.\n\n![space-solar-radiations.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmYbw7e8QomZRs2mpmNK98kA2svmR2nzdj2eFTjsbiwv9k/space-solar-radiations.jpg)\nImgCredits – pixabay.com\n\nConcluding Thoughts\n\nEven though, there is a huge possibility that in the near future a comet, or asteroid will hit the Earth , still we shouldn’t lose hope. Instead we should face this bravely, and look at the bigger picture. We are aware that our planet earth is extremely ‘’vulnerable’’  at this time. It is all because of her ,,painful’’ past of outside impacts , and space influences. However, a lot of technological resources are on our disposal, and if we try to use it wisely and productively , then we can ensure humanity won’t suffer the same tragic fate as dinosaurs did 66 million years ago. The truth is that everything depends on us. Everything depends on our commitment. Everything depends on our effort. And, at the end everything depends on our willingness to save humanity.\n\nRefferences : \n\n\tAndrew Follett , (2017) , ‘’Scientists Have Predicted When Earth Will Be Hit By An Extinction-Level Asteroid’’ , http://dailycaller.com/2017/06/24/scientists-have-predicted-when-earth-will-be-hit-by-an-extinction-level-asteroid/ \n\n\tSara Kamouni , Mark Hodge (2017), ‘’What are asteroids, could a meteor strike destroy Earth and when will the next one hit the planet?’’ https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/2134173/asteroids-meteor-strike-earth-next-impact-planet-2017/\n\n\tBruce Betts, (2015), ‘’Five steps to prevent asteroid impacts’’ , http://www.planetary.org/blogs/bruce-betts/2015/0630-5-steps-to-preventing-asteroid-impact.html \n\n\t Robert Lamb, (2017), ‘’Could we stop an asteroid on a collision course toward Earth?’’ , http://science.howstuffworks.com/stop-an-asteroid.htm \n\n\tNina Burleigh , (2015), ‘’How to stop an asteroid hitting Earth: Would people co-operate to face a global peril?’’ , http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/how-to-stop-an-asteroid-hitting-earth-would-people-cooperate-to-face-a-global-peril-10353951.html \n\n\tMargi Murphy, (2017), ‘’Nasa to smash spaceship into asteroid as part of emergency rehearsal mission to save mankind’’ , https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/3168651/nasa-to-smash-spaceship-into-an-asteroid-as-part-of-an-emergency-apocalyptic-space-rock-mission/ \n\n\tGreg Uyeno , (2016), ‘’What Would Happen If Comet Swift-Tuttle Hit the Earth?’’ , https://www.livescience.com/55484-swift-tuttle-collision-with-earth.html",
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