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      "author": "steemitboard",
      "permlink": "steemitboard-notify-kryptonocean-20190411t081702000z",
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      "body": "Congratulations @kryptonocean! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@kryptonocean/birthday1.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 1 year!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@kryptonocean) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](http://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=kryptonocean)_</sub>\n\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
      "json_metadata": "{\"image\":[\"https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png\"]}"
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{
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      "author": "kryptonocean",
      "permlink": "seabed-mining-race-how-to-objectify-virtual-crypto-with-real-metals-part-ii",
      "title": "“Seabed Mining Race”: How To Objectify Virtual Crypto With Real Metals (Part II)",
      "body": "![gamer processed.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZCQw8mrBWDepsz9Cbyt2yAWVhSJa1Wos6k29ovY8bZbX/gamer%20processed.jpg)\nThe first part of this conceptual explanation is devoted to describing the socio-economic rationale of the gamified investment platform we are going to create. In order to refresh the objectives of this project in the memory of our readers, we would like to list several key provisions of our concept such as:\n\n- once software was the factor which has transformed an industrial economy into a post-industrial one, the future extractive industry should go in line with the digital transformation allowing to combine a real sector with a virtual environment quite organically;\n\n- being one of the most progressive technologies of the post-industrial era, Blockchain lacks a clear link with a real-sector economy. The purely virtual nature of the majority of the existing cryptocurrencies leaves only one economic niche for them — crypto exchange speculations;\n\n- even though the humanity hasn’t reached the critical depletion of the continental mineral resources yet, such growing trends as a rare-metal shortage in the skyrocketing battery industry hint at the sorrowful consequences the emerging post-oil economy can shortly face;\n\n- the intentionally constrained development of a seabed mining industry faces numerous artificial limits in the form of speculatively pumped prices on rare metals as well as on the stock of the transnational mining corporations that occupied almost all continental deposits of cobalt, nickel, and copper throughout the world;\n\n- the actual fusion of the progressive eco-friendly seabed mining and the huge mass of singular crypto investors is possible only through a special hybrid software solution capable of providing a transition of micro-investments into the seabed mineral extractive industry;\n\n- a micro-investment platform in the form of a quest-like multi-user computer game can couple a worldwide community of singular investors with the actually working deepsea miners through a flexible crypto layer serving as an intermediary between a virtual economy and a seabed extractive industry.\n\nThe gameplay of our platform was described in details (rather more than less) in the previous post. However, we admit that the final version of the game scenario can be developed only in cooperation with a professional game developer whom we are looking for, by the way.\n\nThe internal crypto assets of the platform were also described in Part I. The third layer of our platform in the form of an investment interface remains to be explained hereinafter. And it is probably the most difficult task to represent all possible relationships between all involved entities in the game showing the advantages of our approach at the same time.\n\nThe nascent seabed mining sector\n\nFirst please recollect one of the objectives we always keep in mind — the development of a real-sector seabed mining. This sector includes only a handful of organizations today. We can call the International Seabed Authority as the core entity around which all the other organizations and companies are bouncing. The companies that conduct the actual activity in seabed mining today can be counted on the figures of one hand. Krypton Ocean Group is one of them. In order not to confront the business goals of those companies, we leave it for our readers to detect such seabed miners on the internet. The extent of engagement of each company in the actual seabed mining varies from case to case. Rumors suggest, for example, that even Lockheed Martin is also engaged in the development of seabed mining technologies.\n\nJoint efforts matter\n\nWe should invite the major players of the seabed mining sector to join our platform on the rights of competitors in a good way. The wider diversity of technologies and organizations our game can represent, the more exciting adventures the gamers can experience. Besides, it seems in the interest of every company involved in seabed mining and exploration to be a part of our platform — the lack of a worldwide recognition is still the biggest problem each seabed miner faces now. Once we are going to make our game as close to a real mining as possible, the participation of our competitors (not competitors in fact, but rather partners and like-minded fellows) in our project can broaden the gamer choice with regard to possible game missions and mining technologies.\n\nEverything in our game should run like in real life: a gamer should have a possibility to choose one of our competitors as an employer to mine gold-bearing crusts near the African coast, for example. That’s why we are accounting on a mutual interest of our partners/competitors since our project is aimed at monopolizing the seabed mining discourse under no circumstances! We represent our gamified platform as a “cosa nostra” in the sense of a shared endeavor.\n\nThe platform parties\nLet’s assume how to arrange a clear link between the gamers and seabed miners through our platform.\n\nSince a crypto layer is chosen to be an intermediary medium between a virtual gameplay and a real extractive industry, it is necessary to grasp the transformations happening with both virtual and real assets in the process of our platform’s functioning. But first, the very mechanics of the relationships between all parties in the game should be explained.\n![Engagement page.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmUxSjfXFWaebRM126HqDybfNWG3MqDiAyFsP8jVHZxQaE/Engagement%20page.jpg)\n\nThe entire workflow of our platform involves the following three main parties:\n\n1) gamers or users of our platform who can play different roles in accordance with a particular mode of participation they select when signup to the platform. Each user can choose between such roles as a gamer-as-a-gamer, a gamer-as-an-investor, and an investor-as-an-investor;\n\n2) the platform as the enterprise which offers a set of services such as playing an online interactive game, mining cryptocurrencies in a pool, investing the real-sector mining industry, as well as executing various exchanging activities with both virtual and real assets through exchanges;\n\n3) one or more seabed mining companies whose business development is continuously supported with micro-investments from the platform users. Conducting the actual metal mining on the ocean floor, the mining companies supply a global market with rare metals. A certain part of the mined metals is reserved for the platform users who can exchange their virtual and real assets for the metal through the platform exchange;\n\nUnderstanding the assets\n\nThe multiple flows of assets from one party of the platform to another can be specified after the gameplay is finally designed. However, the basic types of the asset flows can be represented as follows:\n![Movement of assets page.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmUKgLcg7FmU7rhVhbocj18P6pa4bHNTMovSZZhU52AZtL/Movement%20of%20assets%20page.jpg)\n\nIn order to make it easier to understand the whole process of the asset movement within the platform, let’s create a typical story of an average gamer where the main capabilities of the platform are revealed step by step.\n\nIntroducing John — a “gamer-as-an-investor”\n\nImagine an average gamer who used to spending a couple of hours a day playing computer games. Let’s call him John since it so happens that guys constitute the biggest part of the gamer community. John plays games to have fun but this time he is proposed to participate in an investment activity at the same time. Since John is familiar quite well with the main principles of crypto economy, he decided to signup to our platform as a “gamer-as-an-investor” when a part of his computer’s processing power should be shared with the platform for a pool mining of ETH.\n\nHow John started playing\n\nJohn paid a small signup fee for accessing the whole functionality of the platform. By the way, as an experienced cryptocurrency holder, John paid the fee with BTC since a dozen of the top-rated cryptocoins were specified as the acceptable currencies for payments within the platform. It took him 10 minutes to create his personal profile on the platform and log in the game. His computer starts sharing its processing power with the other gamers-as-investors available at that moment online to mine ETH in favor of the platform. But more on that later.\n\nJohn selected one of the “employers” — a virtual mining company which offered him the most attractive terms and conditions of a Labor Contract in comparison with the other employers. So, John received a basic deepwater vehicle for rent, a license for “cobalt” mining along with a map of the seabed area where he would be authorized to mine nodules, and a possibility to communicate with the other employees of the same company via a messenger-like interface.\n\nJohn and options\n\nAfter searching the available paid options in the game, John decided to buy more powerful propulsion for his vehicle that let him play as a Poacher — the miner who can grab nodules from both the disputed territories and the other companies’ areas. It is illegal and John can be penalized if someone catches his vehicle at those territories unless John escapes earlier than Hunters from a different employer can reach him. That’s why a more speedy engine is crucial for a Poacher. Buying this option John could invest his personal funds into the platform in exchange for better opportunities within the game.\n![3UV power supply.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmQyyCbBx6MziF97gmudPC2YjkNG4y6TReqgshUgR9yyTv/3UV%20power%20supply.jpg)\n\nBefore buying the more powerful engine from his employer, John decided to figure out what advantages that purchase could bring him. Everything in the game is evaluated through the internal crypto coin KPTN. The commercial result of the gamers’ activity is specified in the amount of the virtual metals they could mine. And the price of each kilogram of a virtual metal depends on the details of each player’s personal profile. Hence, the same metal can be exchanged for KPTN with a different exchange rate depending on the internal status of every particular gamer.\n\nEconomic rationale\n\nFor example, 1 kilo of a virtual cobalt is changed for 45 KPTN when this metal is mined by a newcomer having a zero in-game status i.e. by a “gamer-as-a-gamer” who has no options paid. At the same time, 1 kilo of cobalt mined by a “gamer-as-an-investor” is changed for 900 KPTN. In case of our John, his cobalt can cost 1 350 KPTN/kg when he buys a more powerful engine for his vehicle. In addition, the new engine allows him to mine nodules 20% faster than the other ordinary miners do it. So, having the better engine John could mine a bigger amount of metal within the same time. But the engine costs 450 000 KPTN that is equal to about 350 kgs of cobalt. Besides, in order to buy the engine, John has to exchange his own money (fiat or crypto) for KPTN through an internal exchange. Of course, the transaction is to be charged with the platform’s fee equal to 0.1% of the sum.\n\nThe mission of KPTN\n\nNote: the price for metals will be fixed in KPTN, but the value of KPTN will be variable. What can influence the value? First of all, the network effect when the growing number of crypto holders increases the value of a cryptocoin. Another important factor of the continuously growing value of KPTN is the real-sector background of this coin backed by real metals. The one who familiar with the trends in a crypto economy knows how tired is a world crypto community of the numerous scam projects having nothing in them except some bubble-type purely hypothetical promises.\n\nIn contrast to them, KPTN will have various sources of “recharging” its value such as real rare-earth metals whose price keeps growing in the light of the so-called “battery crisis” — one wind farm alone needs about 2000 kg of rare metals while the onshore deposits of cobalt, for example, are too limited to satisfy the electric-driven economy demands (we have specified the problem in Part I).\n\nAnother “multiplier” of the KPTN value will be ETH cryptocurrency mined through the pool mining feature of the platform.\n\nYet another factor which can hold the value of KPTN will be the internal business opportunities every gamer can obtain within the game when numerous commercial interactions between the gamers add value to the platform as to a flexible marketplace and, therefore, indirectly increase the value of KPTN pumped with both fiat and crypto from the gamers. In order to explain the last provision we have to come back to our John again.\n\nThe internal leasing service\n\nThe advantages brought by the new engine were obvious to John, but the price was not affordable for him at that moment. And John decided to lease the engine from one of the rich gamers from the Pool which John was going to join as a Poacher. A leasing service within a pool is a kind of the internal business everyone can do if a gamer owns something valuable to be offered to the other gamers in a lease.\n\nFor example, a rich gamer offered John the engine in a long-term lease for only 7 KPTN/hour. A good deal, since John can become a Poacher and mine bigger amount of cobalt thanks to the new engine. Besides, John should not worry about the hourly payment because the transactions can be conducted automatically through a smart contract when the peer-to-peer transactions are provided by the platform. He just needs to have a sufficient amount of KPTN on his personal account.\n\nHow assets flow\nLet’s interrupt the story for a while to realize the movement of assets available within the platform.\n\nCrypto:\n\n- from John to the platform as a signup fee along with the fees for the exchange transactions when an external cryptocurrency (BTC) is exchanged for KPTN;\n- from the platform to an external crypto exchange to transform the ETH received as a reward for adding new blocks to the Ethereum blockchain by the pool crypto mining feature into fiat for further funding a real-sector seabed metal mining;\n- from the platform to an external exchange to exchange BTC received from John for KPTN circulating outside the platform;\n\nProcessing power:\n\n- from John to the platform to be able to play as a “gamer-as-an-investor” who sells metals for a much higher price than “gamers-as-gamers” do;\n\nKPTN:\n\n- from John to the rich gamer who offered John a better engine in a lease;\n- from the platform to John in exchange for his cryptocurrency;\n- from an external crypto exchange to the platform in exchange for BTC and ETH appeared in the platform due to both the signup fees charged to John and the pool crypto mining;\n- from the gamers to the platform as the fees for every transaction conducted within the platform;\n\nFiat:\n\n- from the platform to an actually working seabed mining company as a micro-investment into the development of the seabed mining business;\n- from an external exchange to the platform in exchange for both KPTN and the other cryptocurrencies;\n- from gamers to the platform in exchange for KPTN;\n\nReal metals:\n\n- from an actually working seabed mining company to the platform through an external metal exchange;\n- from the platform to the gamers in exchange for virtual metals and KPTN;\n\nVirtual metals:\n\n- from the gamers to the other gamers in exchange for some services available within the pools;\n- from gamers to the platform in exchange for KPTN;\n\nPaid options:\n\n- from the platform to the gamers in exchange for virtual metals and KPTN\n- from the gamers to the other gamers as a lease service in exchange for virtual metals and KPTN.\n\nHence, we can see that even a basic architecture implies quite multiple channels of the asset movement.\n\nThe other game modes\n\nIt should also be noted that the other two playing modes (“gamer-as-a-gamer” and “investor-as-an-investor”) will have their specific types of the asset movement between the platform and the gamers. For example, the users who choose the “investor-as-an-investor” mode will be able not to play the game at all — there will be a set of special options for such users allowing them to conduct an investment activity through the platform without being involved in the game.\n\nIt makes sense when a “non-gamer” person has some capital to be invested in a seabed mining business with no need to buy stocks of the mining companies. Such a mode will represent an opportunity to become an anonymous investor whose interactions with the actual mining business are executed through a cryptographically protected interface capable of turning crypto (or fiat) into metals and vice versa.\n\nIn addition, such a mode will offer the income-generating opportunities to those crypto miners whose special crypto-mining hardware becomes less beneficial due to the constantly growing hash rate needed for adding new blocks to one or another blockchain and, therefore, being rewarded for mining.\n\nGamer motivation\n\nNow it’s time to realize the motivation of all involved parties. But first, let’s take a look at a general scheme of profits each party of the platform can account on.\n![Incomes page.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZBjMKVo5nfJZKUneEvi3ie2vmEjVBVEJohqza28bTYwr/Incomes%20page.jpg)\n\nSo, why the potential users of the platform should be interested in playing the game?\n\n1) Fun. People play computer games to have fun first of all. Our “Seabed Mining Race” is no exception. In addition to fun, a certain psychotherapeutic effect is available in many computer games. Just look at the leading console shooters of AAA grade — they represent the extremely realistic virtual environments with quite an aggressive content where a gamer can experience some kind of catharsis through relieving negative emotions towards “enemies” and monsters. Such a socially valuable mission of computer games should not be underestimated. Our game, on the other hand, will represent a very close-to-original imitation of quite a brutal real-sector mining where the gamers will be able to participate in the deepwater adventures when overcoming obstacles and reinforcing their business they will grow up their status in the eyes of their playmates;\n\n2) Trading. Even though many people realize how lucrative can be stock-&-crypto trading, they keep standing far from this activity due to a lack of knowledge and experience. In an ordinary situation, any singular trader has to face the broad environment of stocks, commodities and exchanges tet-a-tet. The rules and principles of the professional trading remain too complicated for the common people who have to rely on just their own intuition along with a highly questionable “expertise” from the Internet. Our game will represent quite a brief list of clear rules of trading where every newcomer can see an absolutely transparent structure with all involved entities along with interactions between them. The platform will offer a set of easily graspable trading tools for everyone. Moreover, just the platform as a “responsible executive” undertakes risks with which the amateurish traders (aka gamers) are not familiar. Once our tradable crypto asset KPTN is backed by real metals, many traditional risks inherent in crypto trading will be overcome. Besides, people learn faster when the content is gamified — that’s why we are developing our investment platform as a game, by the way;\nInvestment. People can keep their savings in shares, gold, or currencies. If you have enough money to hold — hold it in a bank. If you have enough money to invest — invest it through numerous funds. But if it comes to a teeny amount of $100, both holding and investment become meaningless — it is better to spend it for food or for some other consumables. Nevertheless, many people throughout the world are looking for an opportunity for micro-investments. They seek a reliable starting point from where they could begin their movement to more significant investments without big commercial risks. Besides, many people prefer to stay anonymous in their investment activities. Needless to say that only crypto economy meets their expectations more or less. Many heard the miracle stories about those who invested a couple of hundreds of dollars in BTC 5 years ago to be able to buy a new Tesla 3 today for the ROI. However, times changed, and the crypto environment is overfilled with bubbles and scams. Besides, the new promising trends are available in the investment realm — cobalt price is growing faster than anything else while the demand for cobalt is growing even faster. In such a situation, nothing can make all ends meet better than our crypto investment platform — we offer “all in one”.\n\n3) Upward mobility. In the contemporary overpopulated world, changing an actual social status as well as shifting to the other social stratum become tougher and tougher. On the one hand, the total globalization blurs the line between the old middle class and the other strata. On the other hand, the immense social inequality keeps growing all over the world. The System can perpetuate the current social market model, unfortunately. Our platform represents numerous opportunities for the users to reveal their hidden business talents along with their social management capabilities. The most dedicated gamers will be hired by both the platform’s enterprise and the seabed mining companies. The talent hunting is one of the officially declared objectives of our platform.\n\n4) Earning a living. Millions and millions of people throughout the world are unemployed. They cannot find a job due to various socio-economic constraints. Nevertheless, many of them own computers connected to the internet, the majority have smartphones. But what they all have in abundance is time. The platform will offer them a working algorithm on how to transform their free time into an income-generating activity. As previously stated, the platform can couple the actually working seabed mining industry with millions of people through a gamified virtual content. A commercial success of the gamers will depend on their dedication, logical thinking, and business intuition. But in any case, their game experience will be much more interesting and beneficial than haunting the thresholds of welfare services. Our preliminary calculations suggest that a “gamer-as-a-gamer” playing 3–4 hours a day via a smartphone (no processing power to share) can account on 1.5–3% ROI for the first two months when the minimum KPTN price growth is about $0.01–0.02/month. At the same time, a “gamer-as-an-investor” who shares an average processing power of 50 Mhash/s for the pool crypto mining can account on 3–8% ROI/month at the same KPTN price growth. Besides, every paid option purchased by the gamers adds 0.5–3% to their overall ROI. The maximum possible amount of virtual cobalt which can be mined by a single gamer having the most advanced vehicle with several paid options is 150 kg or 15 tons of nodules as an equivalent. In case of our John (see above), it can be exchanged for 135 000 KPTN. Holding this amount at his personal account for one more month, our John could earn extra 2700 USD from the growth of KPTN value.\n\n5) Real metals. The platform provides the gamers with an absolutely unique opportunity to turn all their earnings into real rare-earth metals. Each gamer will be able to exchange both KPTN and virtual metals for bars of cobalt, nickel, copper, and manganese reserved at one of the world metal exchanges. Hence, the common people will access the global metal market through our platform. This is exactly the magic of our game which transforms a purely virtual gaming content into the tangible commodities — metals. It is up to the gamers to decide what to do with the real metals they own. But it is worth remembering that the demand for rare metals will inevitably grow in the light of the approaching electric-driven economy where cobalt, nickel, and copper will replace oil and gas in their importance for the humanity. Who knows, maybe holding only 1 kilo of cobalt as a deposit will be more beneficial than trading many kilos of gold in the next two-three years.\n\nThe provided figures show rather proportions than some actual amounts which can be earned by the gamers. The platform will offer various monetization algorithms that can significantly vary according to options and conditions every particular gamer can choose. Nevertheless, we believe that a cumulative effect of all provided motivational factors can attract the attention of both dedicated gamers and visionary investors to our platform. And it means that the notorious network effect will be strong.\n\nHow the platform earns money\n\nSince the present post is aimed at explaining our concept to the potential business partners, it is important to understand from what sources the platform itself can benefit. The picture above shows that the platform has the biggest number of connections with various sources of profit in comparison with the gamers and seabed miners. However, some further details wouldn’t hurt.\n\n1. Fees and charges: The platform as a complex medium providing interactions between all involved parties has to spend quite a significant amount of labor and energy to maintain its infrastructure. That’s why nobody should be against the fees with which all transactions within the platform will be charged. Assume a community of only 10 000 gamers (those who are familiar with a gaming industry should realize what an insignificant figure it is in fact) making 1 transaction a day each. Let’s take an average transaction as $100. The platform charges a transaction with a 0.1% fee. The income of the platform looks funny in such a case — only $1000 a day. However, the multifaceted structure of such software as online games and crypto exchanges (and our platform is a combination of both) implies hundreds and thousands of transactions per second on a 24-hour basis when millions of users are involved. Hence, the provided figure will be bigger by many orders of magnitude. We believe that such source of income as fees-&-charges alone will be more than sufficient to provide the platform with an infrastructure maintenance.\n\n2. Crypto mining and exchange. The platform will run a special feature which combines the processing power of the users’ computers into a pool for a crypto mining. If an average shared processing power of a single computer is 50 Mhash/s (one-third of an average laptop processing power), the pool of 10 000 gamers can provide the platform with 500 Ghash/s. Even a half of this power can exceed the power of an average crypto mining pool available today on the internet.\n![Ethereum (ETH) Solo Mining Pool.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmeVt2J54phLV1VRxYRSQaJSra4qUEYY95GZNhQ9qCB4i3/Ethereum%20(ETH)%20Solo%20Mining%20Pool.png)\nHence, the platform can share the rewards received from crypto mining with the users in the form of KPTN. It implies an exchange process when the internal exchange of the platform provides KPTN-to-crypto and vice versa exchanging. And we remember that the platform charges each transaction with a fee. Besides, the crypto received by the platform as the reward for mining can be redirected to the external crypto exchanges for trading. In addition, it is worth remembering that the users will be able to use various cryptocurrencies to pay for the game options on the platform that, therefore, implies an exchange process where the transactions are charged with a fee also.\n\n3. Crypto trading and KPTN value growth. We see the indisputable strong network effect of our platform since all prerequisites provided above hint at it clearly. It means that the value of KPTN will grow in a course of time. The growing price of KPTN at the external crypto exchanges offers great opportunities to both the users and the platform. The users will trade KPTN within the platform exchanging it for the other cryptos, virtual and real metals, fiat, and game options. They will conduct numerous transactions between each other to capitalize on the growing popularity of KPTN. And of course, the platform will benefit from that internal trading. In addition, an embedded bot-like feature will keep trading KPTN at the external crypto exchanges automatically around the clock in favor of the platform. Besides, we should always keep in mind that KPTN will be backed by the real metals extracted from the seabed. The global transition to a post-oil electric-driven economy will increase the demand for such rare metals as cobalt, nickel, and copper. It will add another enforcement to KPTN which hybrid nature can make our coin lead the whole token economy in a broad perspective.\n\n4. Copyright. Once our game is a software mass product, the typical profits from copyright are included. Numerous byproducts based on the growing popularity of our game implies some extra profits for the platform.\n\n5. Rare metals trading. The platform will be an integral part of a complex solution which includes the actually working seabed mining company. One way or another, a part of profits from the supply of metals to a global metal market will be shared with the platform. Besides, the seabed mining company will empower the platform to manage the numerous real-metal deposits of the users — thousands and thousands of personal accounts will require quite an advanced asset management system. Acting on behalf of the users, the platform will benefit from the metal trading deals at the world metal exchanges. Fees included.\n\nSummarizing the above, we can call the platform a complex hub which integrates all processes running between all involved parties. Conducting control over various asset flows, the platform will get numerous income-generating opportunities to be the most lucrative link in the whole chain.\n\nFrom what sources seabed miners benefit\n\nWe are not going to explain how the seabed mining company benefits from its extractive activity because all relevant calculations are available on the website. Let’s just say that the continuous funding coming from the micro-investors (aka gamers) will add a significant momentum to the development of the entire seabed mining industry. The biggest advantage the mining company can get from the platform is the super flexible means of interaction with a huge mass of common people all over the world whose recognition can raise the company at the top of the global public popularity. Needless to say that such a publicity can significantly reinforce the company’s image and, therefore, increase its capitalization.\n\nThe social impact\n\nThe only issue remaining to discuss is the social impact the platform can make on the worldwide community. This coin has two sides: the involvement of millions of people into a meaningful income-generating activity can improve the social stability on the one hand. The global transition to a new post-oil economy won’t do without the enormously rich seabed resources of rare-earth metals on the other hand. Hence, implementation of such initiatives as our gamified investment platform is a win-win strategy in the present days of hybrid solutions.\n\nEveryone is welcome.",
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      "author": "kryptonocean",
      "permlink": "seabed-mining-race-how-to-objectify-virtual-crypto-with-real-metals-part-i",
      "title": "“Seabed Mining Race”: How To Objectify Virtual Crypto With Real Metals (Part I)",
      "body": "![playing game finish 2.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmVj3caNTADGQTQ7LwYPLgZ931GmV5DiA2B6x1L3q9VPHD/playing%20game%20finish%202.jpg)\nWe are living in the age of hybrid solutions. Hybrid wars, hybrid vehicles, hybrid biological objects all reflect the trend of the synergy we are facing in these days of a growing complexity of the contemporary socio-economic relationships.\n\nJust look at such an ambivalent topic as the so-called “Cobalt Crunch”. The skyrocketing interest in electric vehicles throughout the world resulted in the enormous demand for batteries where rare metals such as cobalt, nickel, and lithium play a crucial role. Now we can see how Elon Musk is trying to provide a sustainable production of his Tesla Model 3. He is looking for cobalt suppliers all over the world. Another EV manufacturer Volkswagen Group spent billions of dollars on the contracts able to provide the car giant with a stable supply of the battery metals in the nearest perspective.\n\nThe situation looks very unusual in the present days of a post-industrial economy: the demand for physical commodities in the form of rare metals exceeds supply as it is an old-school classic capitalism. Moreover, we face the well-worn chicken & egg dilemma when it is necessary to determine the sequence of actions in the new electric-driven economy: should power generation go prior to power storage or vice versa? And even more precisely: should the entire post-oil economy depend on rare minerals’ mining?\n\nIn addition, the solution for the current battery crisis is exacerbated by two interlinked circumstances. On the one hand, the four-fold growth of the cobalt price (it is expected to be 10-fold by 2025!) is grist to the mill of stock traders who seize the moment for making money from thin air — nobody’s canceled stock-market speculation yet.\n![5 years cobalt price.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZTMPa5NGHSE8zWCA7aWAFtts83DjHjU4bi1jD8AtptHj/5%20years%20cobalt%20price.png)\n\nAnd every mining corporation able to declare some cobalt-supply capabilities can easily pump its capitalization in the wake of the cobalt shortage.\n\nOn the other hand, the continental deposits of rare metals are limited — the combined supply of the prospective Australian lithium along with rich Congolese cobalt can hardly satisfy even one fifth of the battery metal demand appearing in the light of 130 million EVs we expect to see on our roads by 2030.\n![SEABED MINING RACE p3.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmQC6UvXYx8RL5hb1QfKienuGWA1bka11Qs3YESJXzNuR3/SEABED%20MINING%20RACE%20p3.png)\n\nWith regard to all above the idea that a special hybrid solution aimed at beating the present “Cobalt Crunch” doesn’t seem too weird.\n\nLet’s try to figure out some possible objectives of a synergetic project capable of adding flexible viability to quite a closed environment of mining investment as well as to a progressive seabed mining technology aimed at saturating a global market with rare minerals.\n\nThe actual existence of a seabed mining sector can be an eye-opener for the majority of the global population. In fact, about 17 countries are involved in the international relations regarding the enormous mineral treasures available at the ocean bottom. Moreover, a special UN authority was established in order to regulate the seabed exploration & exploitation activity in the areas beyond the national exclusive economic zones. Millions of square kilometers of the ocean floor are covered with billions of tons of mineral sediments capable of providing the whole humanity with metals for hundreds of years.\n![SEABED MINING RACE concept 1 (1).jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbYAKSFX5mGh4yCYsnoGmdg6zNJ12q3SNSVea2wc2JepW/SEABED%20MINING%20RACE%20concept%201%20(1).jpg)\n\nHowever, only a handful of organizations is involved in the real seabed mining today. And just this circumstance is what we consider absolutely wrong. Millions and millions of people all over the world should be aware of what a huge mineral resource belongs to everybody on this planet. Moreover, the correctly created algorithm of cooperation can provide millions of people with a significant income from such a lucrative business as the seabed mining of rare metals.\n\nEverything you will find below in this post reflects our original approach to the issue. The gamified software platform we are going to create can help those few companies and organizations that run actual seabed mining to send a call-to-action message to the world community regarding their noble mission.\n\nWe believe that our game is able to revolutionize the whole extractive industry when millions of common people have a means of interaction with the actually working seabed mining companies. Moreover, such a synergetic product as our game can help figure out the right methods and rules making seabed mining technologies eco-friendly.\n\nJust through our game, the collaborative efforts of all involved parties can save the oceanic biodiversity when the renewable mineral deposits are kept always renewable under a proper mining process.\nWe are going to start our explanations with the technology we consider the most appropriate for our concept.\n\nProbably no other technology in the post-industrial economy can be compared with DLT (or Blockchain) in terms of its applicability to various sectors. Virtual crypto assets offer the unprecedented security, transparency, and decentralization to everything related to financial transactions on the Internet.\n\nThe only and the biggest drawback of crypto assets is that they are purely virtual having no tangible background in the real world.\n\nThat’s why hundreds of crypto projects conducting ICOs have ended with nothing after all. The community of singular crypto investors gained a lot of experience over several past years to be more discriminating about numerous bubble-type projects still abundantly available in the blockchain environment.\n\nThose few attempts to link cryptocurrencies with various real-sector commodities (such as Petro coin backed by Venezuelan oil deposits along with the authority of President Maduro) failed to gain momentum due to just a declarative and highly conventional nature of their links. The projects were lacking something credible between crypto and real assets, something capable of building a solid bridge between those who own real assets and those who mint crypto coins.\n\nAt first sight, our idea to objectify crypto with metals seems impossible at all. And it is always so when crypto dominates in such a system. Any ICO procedure won’t be of any help if the main objective comes to collecting a certain amount of money through crowdfunding only.\n\nWe believe that the issue should be addressed from a different angle. It is necessary to deprive crypto of its dominant position in the scheme of relationships between all entities within the project. A cryptocurrency (a token, or any other cryptographically empowered virtual asset) should play a technical role to be just a tool having a particular functionality.\n\nIn our case, a crypto asset should simplify the way through which common people get access to the rare metals’ market. It is crucial not to mix a subject of our concept with its object. The subject is a metal market, the object is a singular crypto investor accessing that market.\n\nAnd between them, there should be a link in the form of a product, not in the form of just a virtual cryptocurrency!\n\nOf course, the product can and should contain one or several crypto assets as internal instruments. But the product as a whole is to be able to act as a means of blurring the line between virtual crypto economy and a real sector. Needless to say that only software can meet the requirements of such a product.\n\nHowever, the types of software differ. Without diving deeply into the details of software development let’s specify our hypothetical software product as a “computer-game-as-a-crypto-investment-interface-to-mineral-market”. It sounds too ridiculous and overcomplicated. Nevertheless, we hope that the following details will show both the non-trivial functionality and practical applicability of our hybrid approach.\n![Presentation Objectives.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmTQQdYk8ZbvLoW2vv1ggTgzbGqCu2xMmriqBy3AzeYfcL/Presentation%20Objectives.jpg)\n\nFirst of all, the software platform should be gamified. Why? Because a public recognition of such a boring topic as mineral mining is hardly possible without a gamification in the present digital era when every aspect of our day-to-day routine is saturated with various virtual experiences.\n\nWe are not going to change the subject-related vision specified in one of our previous posts:\n\n“… Everything in the digital environment is gamified, take it or leave it. The king of the contemporary communication — social media look and work like a game. Every website behaves like a gameplay. Every communication channel beginning from email and up to mobile messengers makes us playing with taps and clicks on our gadgets. We are continuously playing while working, shopping, communicating, and having fun…”\nSo let’s turn the “mundane, trivial, real-sector, and maturely industrial” mineral mining into an exciting game! Let’s transform the extractive industry into a funky business.\n\nIt’s only a matter of creativity to represent everything actually happening in the deepwater mineral miners as a multi-level gameplay of a quest-like real-time strategy game. Besides, the deepwater adventures are remaining one of the popular topics for Hollywood blockbusters.\n\nIn general, the platform should have three interrelated layers: a gameplay, a crypto, and an investment interface.\n![Layers page.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmQybhWDuYemZ3JmVg6evkBcAGR6SXQSnGmt6jBHVxPkwz/Layers%20page.jpg)\n\nLet’s first speculate a little what the game layer might look like.\n\nIn order to add some contest excitement to the game, four competing mining companies will be available. Why four? Because each of them will mine one of four “fancy” metals — cobalt, copper, nickel, and manganese. Just those four metals are abundantly available inside the so-called polymetallic nodules constituting the mineral treasures of the Earth’s oceans. All four companies will mine the same nodules but the metals they extract from nodules will be different. The companies are the virtual employers for whom all gamers will “work”.\n\nSo, each newcomer can select one of four metals to mine and, therefore, one of four companies to work for. A special set of options will help gamers to select an employer. The options can include a Labor Contract, for example, where various terms and conditions relevant to the future game missions can be specified. Different companies would have different terms & conditions in their Contracts. They might concern a compulsory working period before a gamer could change an employer or, for example, a company’s commision charged from each lot of virtual metal mined by a gamer and so on.\n![Gameplay page.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmXeRhdtgTqRrNzj1JnmbnrgPUNqbdoEmHoLkxktUirN2q/Gameplay%20page.jpg)\n\nEach company will have a licensed piece of the seabed area where its employees (gamers) can mine nodules. The areas can overlap in some places where the disputed territories appear. It’s a chance for the so-called Poachers to grab some illegal nodules unless the so-called Hunters catch them to raise a penalty. Every gamer can play a specific role in the game. For example, you can be a Poacher if your deepwater vehicle is equipped with a more speedy engine allowing you to escape from the Hunters. Or you can be a Hunter if you have a more sensitive sonar allowing you to detect a Poacher earlier. The advanced equipment you can have on your vehicle is a matter of the available paid options. But more on that later.\n\nIn order to provide a multi-user socialization within the game, all miners working for one company will be able to meet in squads or in the Pools. The in-built self-governing opportunities will allow distributing roles within a pool. The Pool moderators will be electable. Even the Miner Benevolent Fund will be available. The “Pool mining” seems more efficient than a single miner’s mining unless a single miner’s vehicle is upgraded with all possible expensive options. Anyhow, a group work is to be more preferable especially for the newcomers.\n\nFor example, a newcomer having just basic options can find more nodules thanks to the Scouts who reveal the richer seabed areas in exchange for some payment. In general, there will be numerous types of in-game peer-to-peer transactions between gamers charged with micro fees in favor of the game owners, by the way.\n\nIn addition, there will be various opportunities to earn more metal or money within a Pool through an internal leasing, for example, when a wealthy gamer purchases some extra options (equipment) from a company to provide the poorer gamers with a leasing service.\n\nThus, the game starts for every new gamer when s/he pays a teeny fee for signing up. At that stage, the gamer will be provided with a basic model of the deepwater vehicles along with charts of the seabed area where mining for a particular employer is authorized.\n\nThe mining race implies a multi-level competition between miners of the same company as well as between companies. The objective of each gamer is to mine as many nodules as possible to exchange them afterward for virtual metals or for the internal cryptocoin which, in its turn, can be exchanged for real metals reserved for the gamers at one of the international metal exchanges.\n![IMG_Wave_20180604_114959_processed.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbuXsAeKyC541MNXwQ9NKts9NPTzPXBqs9RmNHaX4FqdC/IMG_Wave_20180604_114959_processed.jpg)\n\nThe in-built feature of communication and interactions between gamers within the gameplay will facilitate their missions when:\n\nHunters penalize captured Poachers;\nPoachers redistribute illegally mined nodules among Diggers of the same Pool;\nScouts exchange valuable geological info for nodules from the other gamers;\nDiggers offer their large bunkers to share with smaller miners who do not want to spend their time for floating up to ship nodules to the Company’s vessels;\nWealthy gamers offer the other ones some extra options in a lease;\nPool Moderators conduct an in-pool casting to arrange the best proportion of the internal roles the pool gamers can play;\nSingle independent players offer various services they can provide to play particular roles the pools are currently lacking etc.\nEvery single player will be able to upgrade his/her vehicle with various options available for extra payment. Hence, a more powerful propulsion, for example, will be offered to those who want to be the Poachers — they should be able to escape from the Hunters tanks to the higher achievable speed. A bigger nodule bunker will allow a Digger to work longer in the underwater position and therefore to collect more nodules per a single dive. The one who wants to be a Hunter can buy a more sensitive sonar to detect Poachers earlier that they can escape etc.\n\nBoth the game script and a multi-user architecture of the software will represent gamers numerous opportunities for leadership. It means that each gamer can improve his/her internal status when the actions s/he undertakes in the process result in better commercial outcomes. In other words, the initial conditions will be the same for everyone, but such personal capabilities as dedication, business intuition, and the ability to compromise along with the amount of money every gamer invests in the options will determine how successful one or another gamer will be in the game.\n\nSuch kind of natural selection, by the way, will matter far beyond the game environment since one of the objectives of our platform implies a talent hunting: the most successful gamers will be invited to take the actual management positions in the board of directors of Krypton Ocean Group. And this is just the synergetic feature that helps to bridge the gap between a virtual game environment and the real-sector industry distinguishing our gamified platform from the rest games at the same time.\n![Realtionships page.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZT75Q5cuPUEfWVNCY4bAp99Pcx9w9GqYoUg2oWyRPLJ7/Realtionships%20page.jpg)\n\nHowever, the gameplay along with all possible opportunities and features should be designed in cooperation with a professional game development company which is able to grasp the magnificent potential of our concept. Just the game professionals can add the sufficient extent of excitement a really addictive computer game represents. Nevertheless, the future gamers of our “Seabed Mining Race” will never miss the pragmatic business objectives staying behind the fun they have while playing because our “game-as-a-business” concept implies strengthening their actual wealth.\n\nAnd now we come to the second layer of our platform making the whole project applicable to an actual commerce.\n\nThe crypto layer is a blockchain-based part of our software serving as a specific buffer zone between a virtual environment of the game and the real-world mineral market.\n\nThere will be two virtual crypto assets in the game: an internal cryptocurrency named KRYPTON (abbreviated to KPTN as it is accepted among crypto exchanges) and four virtual metals reflecting the actual cobalt, copper, nickel, and manganese from real life.\n![KPTN page.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmUsj8nYsQrdHNYS6SJqEawmh8NEKtidL4uJ1uD4yhingC/KPTN%20page.jpg)\n\nThe gamers will mine virtual metals in the game while all in-game transactions will be conducted in KPTN. Why is it so? Why not use some actual fiat currency?\n\nWhatever fiat currency is taken, it can hardly meet the agility inherent in the gamers’ community since neither state borders nor national legislations are available within the game. How to facilitate the whole range of the numerous peer-to-peer transactions between gamers in the game as well as between gamers and the actually working seabed mining companies at the same time? Only a virtual crypto asset can do it when a blockchain-based layer of the software platform acts as a membrane the main function of which is to provide a transition of a game content to a real-sector industry and vice versa.\n\nA crypto coin used for internal transactions in the game will unify the commercial interactions playing the same role as a national currency plays inside a state monetary system. The only difference a crypto coin has in contrast to any national currency is that it can gain more value in the course of time while every fiat currency is always losing its value.\n\nThe main difference of our KPTN from the rest cryptocurrencies will be in its service function implying no domination in terms of goals the emitters of KPTN pursue. The emission of KPTN will never be an end in itself. That’s why a crowdfunding ICO procedure seems redundant in our case, by the way, since some different fundraising capabilities will be available on the platform.\n\nHence, the KPTN crypto coin will allow any gamer from any part of the world to access to all options in the game as well as to exchange KPTN for virtual and real metals through an internal platform exchange. Everything within our platform will be calculated through KPTN. And the process will be quite dynamic since every new gamer will add the so-called network effect to the platform that will, therefore, continuously increase the value of the whole project.\n\nAnother important function the crypto layer will provide is the self-sufficiency of the game as a software product. The thing is that each gamer will be able to sign up for the game in two different modes:\n\nas a “gamer-as-a-gamer” and\nas a “gamer-as-an-investor”.\nThe first mode implies an ordinary mode similar to signing up for a website. A “gamer-as-a-gamer” will be able to play the game having quite limited options in comparison with a “gamer-as-an-investor”. In addition, all internal charges and fees will be higher for such type of gamers while the exchange rate of KPTN will be less beneficial.\n\nThe second mode will imply using a part of a gamer’s hardware processing power in favor of the platform. It means that signing up “as-an-investor” a gamer will “invest” a part of his/her computing resource for the collaborative pool mining of some popular cryptocurrency (most probably ETH) when the platform is rewarded for new blocks mined in the blockchain.\n\nSuch a mode is mutually profitable for both the gamers and the platform. The “gamers-as-investors” will have numerous preferences such as lower charges and fees, significantly more beneficial KPTN exchange rate, a broader range of options etc.\n\nThe platform, on the other hand, will be able to maintain its infrastructure through incomes from crypto mining. Besides, the more processing power is involved in the ETH mining, the higher value KPTN can obtain and the greater profits both gamers and the platform owners can get as a result.\n\nJust the collaborative crypto mining can make the game self-supporting within the virtual environment without any income coming from the real-sector business.\nHowever, the crypto layer will also serve the real-sector activity of our project. Dividing our platform into layers is quite conditional since the platform is a holistic software product where all layers and parts are mutually reinforcing.\n\nWe will describe the algorithm of interactions between a virtual part of our platform with a real-sector extractive industry in our next post. Stay tuned to grasp what the next evolutionary stage of mineral mining might look like. To be continued.",
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      "parent_permlink": "arab",
      "author": "kryptonocean",
      "permlink": "reflections-on-how-the-arab-world-could-control-the-future-economy",
      "title": "Reflections On How The Arab World Could  Control The Future Economy",
      "body": "![arab investors.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmYVUjYA9W8uD3g9Gung3Gso9RDMZYqkQ6KPnpAFen9Qvf/arab%20investors.jpg)\n\nWe bet when people hear “Dubai” they do not imagine a desert with camels and oil derricks anymore. They do not imagine brilliants, gold, and luxury cars in most cases also. What comes to mind first when we hear “Dubai” is a number of the most challenging innovations such as flying taxis, artificial intelligence, pneumatic trains, 3D-printed buildings, cryptocurrencies, and robocops. Moreover, our imagination shows us all those sci-fi gizmos already existing, already available in the streets of the Arab megalopolises.\n\nWhy is it so? Why don’t we imagine the same when we hear “New York”, “London” or “Moscow”, for example?\n\nIt seems two basic ideas dominate in our mind when we clearly link the rich Arab States such as UAE or Saudi Arabia with the disruptive contemporary technologies such as robotics or artificial intelligence:\n\n- the abundant wealth and\n\n- very proactive visionary investors.\n\nWe do not say “money” because money makes money only in a virtual sector of financial speculations which is far from the topic of the present post.\n\nOur common logic suggests that namely rich people whose wealth is based on oil and gas in passing days of the fossil-fuel-driven economy could have enough time and intuition to grasp the holistic picture of the future. Most probably, the rich elites from the Arab States could realize that sooner or later their oil-dependent economies start getting obsolete. The significant fluctuations of the oil market price over the past few years also added fuel to fire.\n\nBesides, such seemingly “crazy” projects as Tesla, Hyperloop, and SpaceX prove that the technology keeps evaluating to disrupt many traditional sectors and markets.\n\nHowever, the wealth alone does not imply any progressive vision of the future. Many other rich oil-driven economies such as Russia, for example, can hardly be associated with innovations. Perhaps the rich kleptocratic elites of the post-Soviet terrains are unable to see beyond their short-term self-interests.\n\nThere should be some specific capabilities pushing the Arab investors to fund innovations instead of spending their money on pleasure, luxuries, or just on the military build-up of their States.\n\nEast is a delicate matter, as people say. We are not going to dive deeply into the psycho-philosophical peculiarities of the Arab elites. Who knows, maybe the mental sobriety inherent in the true Islamic mindset, maybe the natural wisdom reinforced by the world-class education, but in any case, there should be a special driver making the far-sighted Arab investors what they are.\n\nAnyway, the certain fact is that both private investors and State authorities from the Arab World are continuously looking for the new opportunities to be at the forefront of the global transition to the new more sustainable and healthier economy.\n\nSceptics may argue that nothing but the fear to end up with nothing when the oil deposits are exhausted to zero motivates the Arab investors to participate in the newest hi-tech projects, that just gullibility along with “easy money” backed by petrodollars make them fund various fancy technologies having nothing common with a “brutal reality”.\n\nEven though a part of the truth can take place in such a vision, the actual situation looks utterly different.\n\nWhen you have an abundant stable income allowing to think about neither competition nor further development of your business (well, stop throwing rotten tomatoes at me — I know that it sounds defiant, but the oil & gas rent is just the type of business which corresponds to a “lazy income” rather more than less!), your excessive wealth requires to be invested into some lucrative commodities. Of course, you can invest your “excessives” in gold, in stocks, in oil after all. But such an ordinary investment can hardly change the way you live as well as the current type of your state economy.\n\nNow we are approaching the deep reasons that encourage the Arab investors to keep a close eye on the new disruptive technologies. Thanks to their wealth, they have some free intellectual capabilities and intuition to see beyond a day-to-day routine. They possess enough power of suggestion to realize that the New Brave World won’t come on its own. And by investing in what is looking like sci-fi today they acquire an ability to control the future! Namely, control is the key concept here. But we will come back to this issue later.\n\nRich people track innovations more attentively than the ordinary ones since abundant wealth represents both the time and inner peace to insight into the actual meaning and far-reaching outcomes of such phenomena as the transition to an electric-driven economy, for example. While common people just passively watch what’s going on in the reality, the rich investors actively participate in a reformation of the world outside.\n\nAnd just the Arab investors happen so proactive in it because they understand better than anyone else that the present world order based on the oil-driven economy is rapidly coming to its end whatever price for oil & gas we pay today.\nThey consider new ideas and technologies in order to evaluate what investment opportunities each of them offers. And there should be two basic things in each new idea — a message and a promise. The message implies an appeal to what should be changed today. The promise implies the advantages one or another technology can bring after all. The present ICE (inner-combustion-engine) cars should be replaced by another type of vehicles due to environmental concerns — this is a message. The electric vehicles seem the most well-developed and feasible substitute for ICE cars — this is a promise. Hence, the EV sector is worth investing. This is how the investment decisions are made. And it works!\n\nDoes all the above mean that the Arab World is guaranteed to get to the future earlier than the rest of the world? Are there no clouds on the horizon of the hi-tech investment?\n\nTo say the truth, there is one terrible discrepancy there that puzzles badly. When we try to encompass a common feature of the progressive technologies driving us to the bright oil-free future, we find out that all those solar & wind power plants, electric vehicles, flying taxis, as well as numerous gadgets and computers are battery-dependent. Thus, the future oil-free economy will be electric-addicted. Moreover, the prime cost of the green energy keeps rapidly going down while the number of electric-driven commodities grows faster than anyone could predict.\n![EV sales.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmSCwNVKCJQWezZd5LugJMULCUw9J3nWJahd6DLRPYy1hp/EV%20sales.jpg)\n\nSo what, some may ask, nothing contradicts the trend. And what should investors in general and the Arab investors, in particular, worry about with regard to this trend?\n\nThe thing is that even today’s electric vehicle sector, for instance, starts suffering from the battery shortage. And the battery shortage, in its turn, appeared due to the quite limited world deposits of the battery-related metals such as cobalt, nickel, lithium, and copper. Even the specific terms “Cobalt Crunch” started bouncing around the Internet. It means that in the nearest future when the number of electric vehicles grows up by an order of magnitude, the global battery sector will face a much severer rare-metal shortage than we have now.\n![lithium.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmZWcF2yafXBbfw3FVd5iWiUbP3W6UQ6XKA5zt77BS3S4G/lithium.jpg)\n\nBut the most discouraging fact is that the whole global continental deposits of rare metals won’t be sufficient to satisfy the growing battery market. For example, 60% of the world cobalt reserves are located in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) where the biggest transnational mining corporations are fighting each other for the cobalt mine concessions from the Congolese Government who is torn between the profits from cobalt and the permanent civil war in which Congo is immersed for decades. Besides, those 80–90 thousand tons of cobalt per a year that DRC can potentially supply would barely change the situation in the world mineral market significantly in the light of the growing cobalt demand.\n\nOne way or another but the visionary Arab investors should come to quite obvious conclusions regarding the promising but battery-dependent hi-tech technologies of our oil-free future:\n\nno minerals — no sustainable development of the new electric-driven economy;\nthe available continental deposits won’t be sufficient to feed the whole humanity with minerals.\nHence, the dream-like fossil-fuel-free civilization is jeopardized by a trivial mineral shortage. And the electric-driven economy seems too risky without being backed by the reliable material basis.\n\nIn such a case, what is the investment in all those innovations worth?\n\nHere we came back to the issue of control. And we dare to determine a golden formula for everyone who is going to succeed in the new green world:\n\nSince the majority of the battery-dependent innovations rely on rare metals, the one who controls mineral mining will control the whole electric-driven economy of the future.\nTo simplify the understanding of this formula we can declare that namely rare metals such as cobalt, lithium, and nickel are becoming the “new oil” in the coming oil-free era! And just the Arab World knows best how to deal with oil — no matter by which physical substance “the new oil” will be actually represented.\n\nTo complete the topic with positive connotations we can only reveal where the huge deposits of minerals can be explored. No, not Mars, asteroids, and the other extraterrestrial objects are referred to — space explorations are still too unfeasible with regard to commercial mining despite the buzz built by media around the issue.\n\nWe mean our Earth’s oceans where about 10 billion tons of polymetallic sediments are generated every year. The ocean bottom, therefore, is the huge field where people can collect minerals for hundreds and hundreds of years without fear to exhaust the ocean resources once the oceans reproduce minerals all the time. It means that seaborn minerals are renewable. Just consider how organic and reasonable the following statement sounds: renewable minerals for renewable energy!\n\nOnly one example: the Clarion-Clipperton Zone — the ocean bottom area located in the Pacific ocean between Hawaii and Mexico contains 134 million tons of cobalt in the form of polymetallic nodules. Such a deposit is enough to feed the global battery industry for hundreds of years.\n![CCZ.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmTp7PsyQCnfhZ5e1iWBzdm1pDjaQXSDHAsGoVgk8cz7yW/CCZ.png)\n\nAnd just with regard to the ocean minerals, the above-mentioned discrepancy arises: why does the Arab World have no any involvement in what we can call the future of the extractive industry — seabed mining?\n\nAny Arab State isn’t available among the official contractors of the International Seabed Authority (ISBA) — the official UN entity responsible for licensing the States interested in both exploration and exploitation of seabed mineral resources. Even Russia is an old member of ISBA (to say the truth, it was the Soviet times when Russia entered ISBA — there was another vision of statesmanship among Russian leaders actually). The oldest member of ISBA is India conducting explorations of the mineral-rich Indian ocean since 1981. And the most active participant of seabed mining today is China having the largest reserved ocean bottom area of 86,000 square kilometers for exploitation.\n\nBy the way, when we say “Indian ocean” it doesn’t mean that only India has rights to exploit the seabed mineral resources there. In fact, the deposits we are talking about are located beyond the exclusive economic zone of either India or any other State. That’s why such an authority as ISBA appeared — just to provide any interested State with a piece of the ocean bottom for exploitation.\n\nWhen it comes to the mineral resources of the already explored area in the Indian ocean, the Indian National Institute of Ocean technology (NIOT) says that about 380 million tons of polymetallic nodules are available there. This amount includes 92.6 million tons of manganese, 560 thousand tons of cobalt, 4.7 million tons of nickel, and 4.3 million tons of copper. Isn’t it impressive?\n![indian_ocean_v4_0.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmRwF5eCQmwZBrxQYt2DBvz1B3zcR6NkxjptuEtj9ECPsN/indian_ocean_v4_0.jpg)\n\nThe Arab States have an outlet to the ports of the Indian ocean. It means that from an infrastructural perspective the rare-metal processing capacities created in the Arab World would have a direct access to the ocean deposits.\n\nSaudi Arabia, by the way, announced a plan to build a new hi-tech city on the Red Sea coast for about USD 500 billion. The project could potentially include facilities for processing the so-called REY-rich mud abundantly available in the Red Sea. One doesn’t exclude the other, right?\n![New Arab City.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmcGHg5WiPQgyX4dMxeLaaHFuRfWfRAybn32YnVjwnkPbb/New%20Arab%20City.png)\n\nRegarding the Indian ocean mineral resources we can notice that if any Arab State doesn’t participate in their exploitation, Chinese mining companies will appear to occupy those free seabed areas rather sooner than later. And please note that any national legislation won’t be violated — just “the throne is never vacant”, as people say.\n\nNow the visionary Arab investors should ask themselves: how are they going to control the future electric-driven economy if the material basis of it belongs to someone other than the Arab World?\n\nPerhaps, the following chain of reasoning might appear:\n\ninvestment in the electric-driven innovations is a short-term play having unpredictable results in the light of the growing cobalt shortage;\ninvestment in the existing onshore deposits of rare minerals is a fancy practice promising high profits before the moment when someone floods the mineral market with abundant seaborn minerals;\ninvestment in the leading mining corporations fighting each other for quite limited continental deposits of rare metals is unreliable since the continental deposits won’t be enough to satisfy the global demand for rare minerals;\ninvestment in seabed mining can promise huge profit opportunities since just the renewable seaborn minerals can be the actual material basis for the whole electric-driven economy.\nin the light of the growing mineral shortage, the one who controls the supply of seabed minerals will control the global oil-free economy.\nIf the seabed mining is so important and promising, some may ask, why almost nothing about the progressive seabed mining technologies is available in a broad public discourse? Why don’t the world-famous mining corporations practice the extraction of seaborn cobalt, for example?\n\nTo find an unequivocal response to those questions is not so easy. On the one hand, there are some certain technological challenges in seabed mining since the rich ocean deposits reside at the depth of 4–6 km. It means the huge pressure of 40–60 MPa that the submersible mining equipment should be able to withstand. This is not an unsolvable technical task in fact, but the problem is that only a handful of organizations in the world are engaged in the development of the deepwater vehicles today.\n![krypton-17-15.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmWH2KDHSEukABwWso3FhntPxkoKgNcjk4AqnmF8gnimnt/krypton-17-15.png)\n\nOn the other hand, the current rapid transition to the electric-driven economy does not represent enough time for consideration to the huge transnational corporations whose business is tightly linked to the available onshore minerals. Hence, the fundamental reformation of the technological and working cycles in favor of seabed mining is hardly possible for the present-day mining behemoths.\n\nIf we combine all above-mentioned considerations into a holistic concept of the most attractive investment opportunity, we can find out two entities to be involved in it:\n\nthe visionary rich Arab investors as a subject of the issue since just their experience, wealth, and business intuition are the most appropriate features for the guidance of the future oil-free economy;\nthe seabed mineral mining as a subject of the issue since just this industry offers both a message of emergency and a promise of long-term reliable incomes.\nIn summary, we can safely assume that the day will soon come when some Arab State appears number one in the seaborn cobalt supply which will change the rules of the entire world mineral market. The very common sense suggests so. And this is how the Arab World could control the future oil-free economy.",
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      "parent_permlink": "environment",
      "author": "kryptonocean",
      "permlink": "recycling-and-renewables-what-we-all-are-overlooking-in-the-issue",
      "title": "Recycling & Renewables: What We All Are Overlooking In The Issue",
      "body": "![pile-lithium-ion.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmRgKZxyvBC4G41jy3akzWhyB2UFgfH68KSkKr4qTxNgGZ/pile-lithium-ion.jpg)\nWhen NASA together with SpaceX launched a special satellite to find planets with aliens, one strange idea came to my mind in addition to pride in space exploration: what would we tell aliens about our world in case of a possible contact?\n\nJust assume there won’t be a chance to hide anything from the super intelligent extraterrestrials and the humans will have to reveal everything actually happening on Earth today. Even if we leave aside the present socio-political shortcomings such as populist presidents, dictators, hybrid wars, 900 million starving people while 2 billions suffer from obesity etc, what could we proudly explain them about our techno-economic progress?\n\nThe Great Pacific Plastic Patch, oil-dependent economy, carbon emissions due to still dominating fossil fuels, open-pit mining, insufficient development of electric vehicles due to a battery shortage caused by a seemingly existing cobalt deficiency, and almost total disregard for the enormous renewable treasures our oceans offer us — overconsumption, environmental disasters, and an extremely inefficient resource management.\n\nJesus, how shameful!\n\nIt seems we are still too immature to get in touch with extraterrestrial intelligence.\n\nNevertheless, it’s never too early to figure out why it so happens what happens.\n\nFirst of all, we should realize that the contemporary economy is too complex to let something happen on its own. Once the Great Plastic Patch appeared, for example, there should be a deep reason for it. Even a chain of cause and effect is available there staying probably not so apparent when the phenomenon is addressed quite superficially. To think that thousands and thousands of tons of plastic garbage have been gathering into a huge island in the Pacific ocean in a “random natural manner” is a childish vision.\n![garbage patch 2.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmbuE9mNpGYumEcJQ47TCLaFUX24hWRCd1SWqkeS3RLnBj/garbage%20patch%202.jpg)\n\nLet’s try to address the issue from another angle: who benefits from doing nothing with the single-use plastic garbage? Common logic suggests the organizations who are engaged in the waste treatment and recycling activities along with the national and international entities who have to pay for that treatment. Here we can see the purely capitalistic approach when extra expenses are avoided — throwing the garbage into the ocean is much cheaper than recycling it with the expensive waste treatment facilities.\n\nThe ocean is large but its capabilities to absorb pollution are not unlimited — sooner or later people will have to face the consequences. So why not use the biodegradable plastic which, moreover, was invented long ago? Because of the same reason — the ordinary plastic is significantly cheaper than the biodegradable one. “It’s the economy, stupid!”, as one of the US presidents used to say.\n\nNow we are approaching the roots. The present civilization has a lot of things that are prohibited at the legislative level being at the same time very lucrative at the level of commerce. The lists of the prohibited things vary from nation to nation — cocaine, prostitution, gambling, poaching, chemical weapon etc. In addition, even much bigger lists of highly regulated products and activities are available — commercial logging, pharmacy, arms production and sales, exploitation of mineral resources…\n\nIt turns out that not everything depends on the economy and a lot falls within the scope of the national and international interests contradicting the purely commercial benefits. Hence, the lack of the political will and international statesmanship is the deep reason why we have not yet prohibited such things as the ordinary non-biodegradable plastic and open-pit mining in island countries, for example.\n![627x364-mining-15.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmcJupJwgJT1axD9V6veqQDAYwfH1sJKVoDBMDc2hkb5Zn/627x364-mining-15.jpg)\n\nHowever, the prohibitions as such can hardly solve all environmental problems. The UK is going to ban the production of wet towels, for example. If so, a new product niche will appear in the market. Who knows what environmental consequences the new “placeholder” of wet towels can entail? The same relates to plastic — to ban the ordinary one is only half the story. How about some governmental subsidies for the manufacturers of biodegradable plastic? And what about the global waste treatment & recycling industry after all?\n\nThe even more weird situation takes place with mineral resources nowadays. One of the most burning topics on the Internet now is the so-called “Cobalt Crunch” which affects the battery production worldwide. Cobalt is quite rare and very expensive once the land deposits of this mineral are limited. Such famous manufacturers of the electric vehicles as Tesla and Hyundai have to constrain their production capacities due to the battery shortage.\n\nThe New Cobalt Gold Rush pushes mining corporations to another predatory open-pit mining leading to the irreversible destruction of hundreds of hectares of lands. Brazil is going to sacrifice its natural environment for only 94 000 tons of cobalt.\n\nThus, we use cobalt to produce eco-friendly batteries while cobalt mines destroy our landscapes.\nSomething is wrong with our logic, right?\n\nThe global movement to renewable energy is continuously stumbling upon the obsolete approaches to such minerals as cobalt, nickel, and copper crucial for the electric battery production. We are going to refuse ICE (inner combustion engine) vehicles and fossil-fuel power plants in favor of VCs and “Gigafactories” without understanding that the renewable energy sector won’t do without renewable mineral resources on a planetary scale.\n\nWhere can we find the sufficient mineral deposits to provide the coming “battery-driven” economy with cobalt? How can we make the alternative energy facilities cheaper to provide the whole humanity with the clean energy?\n\nAny attempt to find rich deposits of rare minerals onshore is at best a palliative aimed at just short-term tactic objectives. Moreover, it is a sign of the obsolete capitalistic greed having nothing common with the so-desired sustainable development.\n\nThe open-pit mining is true vandalism with regard to Earth because the continental mineral resources are renewable under no circumstances! Only seabed sediments containing billions of tons of minerals can satisfy our demand in the renewable resources of cobalt, nickel, copper, and manganese.\n\nAbout 10 billion tons of polymetallic nodules and crusts are generated annually at the ocean bottom. Annually means the process runs all the time.\n\nWe regularly trim our nails and cut hair, we milk the cows, we mow loans. Why? Because we need to remove the excess to prevent oversupply. Seabed minerals need the same.\nHow odd it may sound, but the commercial seabed mining can facilitate the oceans in their regenerative activity! We will never extract more minerals than the Earth’s oceans can generate.\n![nodules 7.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmRK7rFS3vSAJNTdvpeMWwDbnZMurDrQFPdGr3A54PQ2yU/nodules%207.jpg)\n\nThe strange thing is that the publicly accessible information about the huge mineral deposits available at the ocean bottom does not apparently resonate with the investment objectives of numerous hedge funds and billionaires who are constantly looking for the new investment opportunities. It seems they cannot recognize a clear link between quite insignificant expenses necessary to start mining seabed minerals and the untold wealth which could be brought by the new oceanic extractive industry.\n\nHowever, times are changing, and the present Cobalt Rush can trigger a seabed mining race because what is happening today is nothing but a true paradigm shift in the global economy. And the one who is able to recognize the promise will monopolize the market.\n\nThe first hint at a possible winner of the coming seabed mining race is available, by the way. The world’s second-largest economy which is going to lead the world in the nearest perspective reserved 86 000 square kilometers of the ocean floor for further mineral exploitation, as the Chinese Ministry of Land and Resources said. Hence, China has become the country with the most categories of seabed mineral in the world.\n\nWhat would we call that if not the far-sighted economic strategy? The strategy based on a profound understanding that just cobalt and nickel will replace oil and gas in the new fossil-fuel-free world order. Neither political populism nor nuclear weapons can determine who will be number one in the post-oil era when the inevitable total digitization of the entire lifestyle of the humanity depends on the battery-driven commodities beginning from smartphones and up to power plants.\n\nAs the Bible says, “Whoever has will be given more, and he will have an abundance” (Matthew 13:12). Even though China, in general, is far from Christianity the very modus operandi of the Chinese leadership with regard to seabed mining corresponds well to the above quote. Perhaps we’ll know soon enough who has the power to dictate terms in the world mineral market…\n\nThe environmental activists who, by the way, did not observe the Plastic Patch when it was the size of France (now it is tripled) can build buzz for seabed mining to address the protection of oceans and seas. Game face, but it’s all about the mining technologies that are hardly well-known to the activists.\n\nIndeed, it is impossible to extract minerals from the ground without making holes in the Earth, the giant holes visible even from space. But the seabed minerals in the form of polymetallic nodules are dispersed over the vast fields of the oceanic bottom. And it is not necessary to mine them with the same technology used by the ordinary continental miners!\n\nThus, the submersible autonomous vehicles can “levitate” over seabed floor due to their positive buoyancy while nodules are collected as carefully as we pick up mushrooms in a forest. No pollution, no destruction, no effect for the ocean biodiversity.\n![9 2.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmZb3qNpZEqep2bSqZKdYzArHH4JtfnWFw7dS7LeqYK9Y8/9%202.jpg)\n\nI remember a speech of a Minister of National Resources from one of the Middle East countries who was explaining students in the middle of the 2000s what an unenviable situation their country could appear in with its abundant oil stocks when the next paradigm shift happens in the economy.\n\nThe stone age, he said, was over not due to the lack of stones but because the humanity made a technological leap to metals. And the present oil-driven economy is to over not due to the depletion of the oil reserves but because the next technological leap will make fossil fuels too obsolete to hold any value.\nIt seems the words of that Minister are coming true. Just the renewable energy starts dominating in the broad public discourse. And the day will soon come when renewable seabed minerals will provide the material basis for the new fossil-fuel-free economy.",
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      "voter": "ax3",
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{
  "trx_id": "f9d66fc722845f3ab2a061eb8f9d4b76f3242397",
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    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "environment",
      "author": "kryptonocean",
      "permlink": "the-advantage-of-islands-or-why-pirates-never-plunder-their-own-ship",
      "title": "The Advantage Of Islands or Why Pirates Never Plunder Their Own Ship",
      "body": "![Treasure-Island-Illustration.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmagdWGupEfinD7Yeo8PfuokBQv31nnwMqWPFp1zPkZJVR/Treasure-Island-Illustration.jpg)\n\nThe destructive practice of conventional mining is what terrifies common people most when it comes to the alleged extractive activities at the ocean bottom. Indeed, the centuries-old history of various types of onshore mining can represent thousands of dreadful examples when beautiful landscapes were irrecoverably destroyed in favor of the fossil fuels and minerals enabling another industrial revolution to move on.\n\nThe disastrous results of the conventional extractive industry may vary significantly in their dynamics. They include both direct and indirect negative consequences the people and nature have to face. They can have both explosive and durable impacts. The giant holes in the Earth left after multi-year open-pit mining are visible even from space. Explosions on oil rigs take lives away from people within hours.\n\nIt’s weird but the extent of technological development does not correlate with the environmental security. The more people develop their technologies the more biosphere suffers from the adverse effects of human activities.\n![Horizon Fire 4.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmPwo4a7niUjMB5VjRhUWMK2yKysrjBtHSZLqjCzFrcEiE/Horizon%20Fire%204.jpg)\n\nThat’s why the whole discourse of the present ecology activists is grounded on the presumption that any new mining technology will affect the natural environment no matter how eco-friendly the technology is designed. The common ignorance plays a role in such situation as usual.\n\nBesides, the populist practice of overloading social networks with strong rhetoric against open-pit mining, for example, resonates well with the fancy anti-globalist and anti-capitalist proclamations of the contemporary post-industrial movements in the economy.\n\nIt would be interesting to know whether those activists are ready to give up their smartphones, computers, electric vehicles, advanced medical equipment in the hospitals, solar panels as well as many other consumables created with the technological achievements of the 21st century. Can they really refuse their national military forces that are powerless without the advanced weapons and ammunition?\n\nThe thing is that just the minerals such as nickel, zinc, cobalt, copper, and manganese provide the very existence of all those technologies that allow the activists to share their angry anti-mining thoughts on socials.\nThe massive return of such activists to the pre-industrial era is hardly imaginable, to say the truth. We will come back to this issue a little bit later, however.\n\nThe environment protection discourse is quite clear in case of the conventional onshore mining since the industry is mature enough to be legally regulated whatever jurisdiction any mining area belongs to. If desired, Greenpeace together with the other environmental activists can find out the exact legal measures how to press both the national and transnational mining corporations with regard to one or another ecological concern.\n\nIn many cases, there is no need to reinvent the wheel since the absolutely apparent effect of mining is available. Take the Philippines, for example, where the governmental ban on the open-pit mining of nickel ore is self-evident from the ecological perspective.\n\nOn the one hand, the drinking water shortage inherent in any island country makes artesian wells confront the huge open-pit mines in the Philippines. Even though the national Philippine economy suffers from a decline in nickel ore production, the very survival of the 100-million population of the Philippines is at stake due to freshwater shortages.\n\nIndeed, in the choice between wealth and health, the latter is always more desirable.\n\nOn the other hand, thousands of hectares of the Philippine landscapes are irreversibly destroyed by the open-pit mines. Everyone, hand on heart, should admit that open-pit mining is sacrilege even for the huge lands such as Siberia, and it is nothing but the true vandalism in case of island states where the land scarcity is obvious.\n![627x364-mining-15.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmcJupJwgJT1axD9V6veqQDAYwfH1sJKVoDBMDc2hkb5Zn/627x364-mining-15.jpg)\n\nNevertheless, it is not hard to imagine that the ban decision was made by the Philippine government through quite a durable struggle between the actual economic benefits from nickel ore mining and the ecological arguments. President Duterte cannot fail to understand that losing the multi-year leadership in nickel ore production the Philippines can lose something more valuable than just a part of the income to the State budget. It comes to the international prestige of the Philippines after all.\n\nTimes change, and most probably the Philippine leaders have another vision how to diversify the national economy to become less dependant on nickel ore. We are going neither to read the tea leaves nor to advise the Philippine government. However, there is yet another solution allowing to hold the nickel leadership while the open-pit mines are closed totally over the whole territory of the Philippines.\n\nHow to arrange the issue making “the wolves sated and the sheep intact”, as people say?\n\nFirst of all, it is necessary to address the issue from another angle by breaking the mental link between mineral mining and onshore lands. Even though the Philippine territory is relatively large, the island state should be considered as a ship which courses through the ocean (two oceans — Pacific and Indian to be precise in case of the Philippines).\n\nWhy? Because the ship’s crew has to obtain everything they need from the sea. This is a different behavioral pattern inherent in fishers and pirates, for example. Leave aside negative connotations with pirates — they never plunder their own ship…\n\nBoth fish and merchant vessels constitute clearly recognizable objectives for either fishers or pirates. How can mineral resources belong to the modus operandi implying exploitation of the sea?\n\nHere we cannot avoid a brief historical overview.\n\nSeabed minerals in the form of polymetallic nodules and crusts were discovered first more than 150 years ago. The practical stage of the seabed minerals’ exploration, however, peaked in the 1960–80s. That was a period when submarine technologies flourished due to the Cold War confrontation where military submarines played a significant role. Besides, the onshore mineral deposits have been already distributed overwhelmingly among major national and transnational mining entities at that time. The ocean bottom beyond the 200-miles exclusive economic zones was remaining the “aqua incognita” capable of bringing the new discoveries in the field of mineral treasures.\n![sinitsin_20.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmUGFxvcHGwe5nC9oD15EDeECzgEwruWK1zuDPaYivGWpu/sinitsin_20.jpg)\n\nAbout 20 countries participated in the deep sea explorations one way or another under control of the International Seabed Authority (ISA) — the specific UN body aimed at regulating the ocean floor exploitation. Just at that period, the biggest and richest seabed mineral deposit of the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) was explored in general to realize what enormous mineral treasures were sleeping there. That was the euphoric time of the seemingly approaching “New Gold Rush”.\n\nThe CCZ lies between Hawaii and Mexico in the Pacific ocean formally belonging to nobody. That’s why the ISA issued special licenses to those countries whose scientific organizations (no matter state-owned or private) were able to undertake research activities in the Zone. Thus, the CCZ is divided into several areas where the official contractors have rights to explore and mine seabed minerals.\n![clarion clipperton map.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmcKcKjv3qXiFSAJxWU56zDYa8HUc7xEqWsYporDEikSsW/clarion%20clipperton%20map.jpg)\n\nWhat mineral treasures are involved?\n\nProfessional miners should now sit down and hold on their chairs.\n\nAccording to the most conservative estimate, the Clarion-Clipperton Zone contains 62 billion tonnes of polymetallic manganese nodules, sufficient to extract 17,500 million tonnes of manganese, 761 million tonnes of nickel, 669 million tonnes of copper and 134 million tonnes of cobalt. Since the average market price of metals containing in a single ton of nodules is about USD 1000, the entire deposit can cost about USD 62 trillion! Triple than the US national debt, by the way…\nFlash forward: nobody conducts commercial mining in the CCZ up to now — those trillions are still waiting for their treasure hunters.\n\nIn the 1990s the political situation in the world radically changed due to the collapse of the communist bloc. The multi-year economic stagnation of the former USSR countries such as Russia and Ukraine affected their deep sea exploration activities. On the other hand, the corporations from the “capitalist bloc” reached the mineral deposits in those terrains where they were prohibited to enter during the Cold War. It so happened that the oceanic “New Gold Rush” was de-emphasized once the high finance opened the post-Soviet developing world up where poorly democratic but highly corrupted governments easily provided the transnational mining corporations with concessions on mineral mining.\n\nTo tell the truth, the global political transformation was not the only reason for suspending the commercial seabed mining. There is another purely technical reason — the pressure.\n\nThe thing is that the richest seabed mineral deposits reside at a depth of 4–6 thousand meters. The tremendous pressure of 400–600 atm significantly limits the range of equipment capable of working at such a depth. From a technological perspective, it is much easier to launch a rocket to space with a zero pressure that to create a seabed harvester capable of collecting minerals from the ocean bottom.\n\nBy the way, isn’t that a pragmatic background of the commercial success of such fancy projects as SpaceX and Virgin Galactic? It would be interesting to know whether Elon Musk, for example, failed to face up to the “pressure challenge” of deep sea exploration in favor of space flights while the hypothetical profit from seabed mining was many times greater than everything SpaceX could find on Mars?…\n\nMeanwhile, times keep changing. Today the onshore mineral deposits throughout the world are redistributed finally between all concerned parties. Only two large land areas remain terra incognita from the mining perspective — Antarctica and North-East Siberia. And most probably they both will remain in the same state indefinitely: Russia covers Siberia like a slumbering bear, Antarctica is closed for mass exploration at the international level after 1946 when the expedition of American admiral Byrd was attacked near Dronning Maud Land by either UFOs or escaped Nazis…\n\nAnother impulse of the present times implies two parallel trends: phasing out fossil fuels and strengthening public awareness regarding environmental protection. Both trends confront the conventional mining directly and indirectly.\n\nWhile the global shift to alternative energy sources is removing the obsolete oil-driven economy, the demand for such battery-related minerals as copper, cobalt, and nickel keeps growing. The contradiction requires being resolved with some non-trivial solutions since just brutal enlargement of the open-pit mines, for example, is hardly possible in these days of strong environmental responsibility. The above-mentioned case of the Philippine ban is a living illustration of this. The issue is becoming so burning that some hotheads seriously suggest to consider even asteroid mining…\n\nThus, the common logic brings us back to the seabed mining urgency. It seems everything checks out here since the ocean bottom can provide the humanity with minerals for hundreds of years while the lands will remain intact in the sense of new mines, especially when the proposed State-as-a-ship policy is accepted.\n\nAnd yet we approach the same problem as conventional mining faces today — what is the extractive technology which can provide the eco-friendly commercial seabed mining?\n\nIt doesn’t take a great deal of wisdom to realize that drilling and excavation can hardly meet the mining methods acceptable for the ocean bottom. The submersible bulldozers created by some famous mining contractors are still staying ashore once both technologic and ecologic capabilities of such equipment are highly questionable. Taking the path of least resistance, the creators of those deepwater bulldozers were counting probably on the usual ignorance of the world community who would turn a blind eye to how miners transform the ocean bottom into a lifeless deepwater desert. In addition, nothing revolutionary new was necessary to adapt conventional excavators for the remote deepwater operation.\n\nBut the reality proved that they were mistaken with both assumptions.\n\nOn the one hand, the recent noise around plastic contamination of the oceans (by the way, where were all those activists when the present 3-times-of-France-size garbage patch was “only” one-France-size?) is adding fuel to fire of the worldwide ecology awareness — Greenpeace will eat up everyone who dares to damage oceanic biodiversity.\n\nOn the other hand, the excavators crawling over the oceanic floor will have to transfer the collected minerals to the surface somehow. And the proposed pipe-and-pump systems appeared technologically inappropriate for operating at the depth of 4–6 km.\n![бульдозеры.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmb5pLABcV1AYARgF29v8CnQodcktVnFSAtKWVBURpe9ZW/%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B.jpg)\n\nEven if a piping system capable of connecting the bottom machinery with the vessels at the surface can be created, another more serious problem will remain: the process implies a huge amount of sludge along with highly mineralized bottom water to be pumped back to the ocean after extraction of nodules. It implies the second piping system working in the opposite direction. It is worth understanding that the sludge with bottom water cannot be just drained overboard because such a mud mass will be settling down for decades. It can contaminate the ocean through the entire water massif from the surface to the bottom. Besides, the settling sludge will cover the other areas of the ocean floor burying the nodules.\n![nodules 2.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmbFXgKvJoNcSdsBNZSBp9L1jFykq5Ckjx9UkjwDs683f1/nodules%202.jpg)\n\nThe peculiar feature of the oceanic mineral deposits which distinguishes the seabed mining from the conventional onshore one is that polymetallic nodules are generated over the vast bottom fields. And it happens all the time. The thing is that the “mining” term itself is less appropriate for the deepwater extractive process than, for example, “collecting” or even “picking up”.\n\nThat’s why a different technology is to be applied to the seabed mineral “harvesters” — they should levitate over the ocean floor due to positive buoyancy in order to freely move along broad seabed areas where nodules are distributed.\nHence, the combination of the following three major drivers can lead to a practical implementation of the next evolutionary stage of mining or the Extractive Industry 2.0, as we call it:\n\nthe global paradigm shift from the present oil-driven economy to the one based on energy accumulation technologies where such minerals as zinc, cobalt, and nickel play a crucial role (the contemporary analysts warn about cobalt price keeps growing);\nthe new “pirate” behavioral pattern making governments perceive their states-as-a-ships when mineral resources for the local economies should be obtained from the outside oceans if possible. Even though nothing prevents every country to follow such a practice, it especially concerns the island states where land shortage is actual;\nthe progressive eco-friendly technology of the deep sea mining which is based on the autonomous submersible vehicles capable of collecting seabed minerals as carefully as you pick up mushrooms in a forest glade.\nWhen the first two drivers belong mostly to the socio-economic realm, the third one relates to the scientific and technology vision. At first sight, just the seabed mining technology is the weakest link in our chain of reasonings. And it would be so if we hadn’t the actually running project meeting every requirement of the advanced seabed mining.\n\nThat’s why we dare to hope for coming changes in mental patterns of the island state leaders that can result in establishing the environmental savvy economies with a growing market of seabed minerals.\n\nMoreover, the issue is urgent due not only to the purely commercial concerns. The very nature of polymetallic nodules’ generation implies a non-stop process happening at the ocean bottom all the time.\n\nIn other words, the ocean is a huge natural factory which produces mineral deposits 24/7. And in contrast to onshore minerals, the oceanic deposits are renewable!\nEven if the whole humanity starts mining seabed minerals today, the oceans will reproduce their mineral treasures much faster than people can extract them. To put it in economic terms, supply will always exceed demand.\n\nIn light of such a situation, the Philippine ban looks like a progressive approach to the future of the extractive industry as if the state leaders seemingly aimed to benefit from the never-ending seabed deposits.\n\nAnother island state Indonesia should pattern itself on its traditional competitor in mineral mining — the seabed areas around both countries are full of polymetallic treasures.\n\nSo, the only thing necessary to start the actual seabed mining is the true statesmanship.\n\nWhere will the countries get the expertise and technology? — we will provide them with both.\n\nP.S. We will continue exploring the seabed mining opportunities for various areas — India, Japan, China, The Middle East, Mexico… almost every country on the Globe can be involved one way or another into what we call Extractive Industry 2.0 to benefit a lot from the true God’s gift — the Earth oceans.",
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      "author": "kryptonocean",
      "permlink": "against-virtuality-why-the-true-american-spirit-supports-only-pragmatic-projects",
      "title": "Against Virtuality: Why The True American Spirit Supports Only Pragmatic Projects",
      "body": "(philosophical reflection on real-sector horizons)\n![pragmatism.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmZxWgR7AvHZq1uunwYwyWXbjueLh8GozWbZYbxqxF1zQH/pragmatism.jpg)\nThe present civilization is obsessed with technologies. Various technologies. Whole countries bet on a particular technology for a living. It is often difficult to figure out why one or another technology is chosen to be a national economic driver after all. The balance between costs and benefits in such cases is all the more unexplainable.\n\nWhether inertia, whether tradition, but many countries move from one type of economy to another quite spontaneously. It looks like that from the outside at least. Take Venezuela, for example, — the oil-driven economy suffering from hyperinflation is going to jump into another post-industrial paradigm with the help of the national cryptocurrency “Petro”. It seems the fancy blockchain technology has intoxicated president Maduro…\n\nActually, we can recognize only a few countries in the contemporary world whose economies are tightly linked to either a particular industry or a definite socio-cultural lifestyle. Switzerland has always been associated with banking. Nepal has probably nothing but Buddhistic tourism for a living. The Middle East region depends on oil exploitation.\n\nBut the global leaders such as the United States and China both cover a vast variety of industries whose powerful development results in the recent trade wars between those two economic giants.\n\nUnlike the latter, many outsiders and developing countries are still hesitating with regard to a particular industry to choose. Such unstable states as the CIS countries keep jumping from one economic model to another in finding a suitable technology for grounding their economies.\n\nUkraine, for example, inexplicably disrespects its huge scientific and industrial potential inherited from the Soviet times in favor of wheat and sunflower farming like it’s the 19th century when Ukraine was famous for nothing but agriculture…\nHowever, when it comes to a new promising technology capable of bringing significant benefits to everyone who proceeds it, every country has a chance to take the lead. Moreover, the current situation in a national economy plays almost no role in such a case. Determination, flexibility, and the ability to recognize far-reaching opportunities constitute some critical features of the visionary leadership. But the most important capability of a true leader (no matter whether s/he is a government official or a business person) is a specific spirit of pragmatism especially inherent in the traditional American entrepreneurship.\n\nIt seems just a lack of such a pragmatic American spirit puts in doubt the above-mentioned initiative of Venezuelan president with the national cryptocurrency. Let’s pay tribute to Mr. Maduro for his non-trivial and even avant-garde approach to the blockchain technology, but it can hardly meet the challenges of the national Venezuelan economy. Every economic decision made at a national level should imply the strategic long-term vision of all possible consequences. The “Petro” coin meets some tactical short-term challenges instead. Although “Petro” corresponds to the major principle of the pragmatic American spirit in general, no one can guarantee it will succeed even a month longer because no durable practice of a non-volatile cryptocurrency (and this is just the feature seemingly able to fix the Venezuelan hyperinflation) is historically available.\n![maduro.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmYGoVH6Fe6xXUx3LXZhsMEfuHXfEnRzqCUzmMbTPwxMKZ/maduro.jpg)\n\nWhat is that major principle of the pragmatic American spirit?\nIn two simple words, it can be expressed as “It works”.\n\nSo primitive? — some may ask. Let’s not jump into conclusions since the issue may appear much more fundamental than meets the eye. In order to grasp the very phenomenon of the pragmatic American spirit, we have to realize some peculiar features of the American philosophy. The modern philosophy as such is in a deep crisis nowadays, it’s true. Nevertheless, just the philosophy determines the entire existence of people — not for nothing the Club of Rome emphasizes the urgency of some new global philosophy to be invented.\n\nMany European intellectuals take the authentic American philosophy easy relating it mostly to the American pop culture. What can the nation of McDonald’s, Hollywood, and endless tv-shows understand in philosophy? However, such a simplistic view of Americans is fundamentally misleading.\n\nEven being utterly specific, the true philosophy exists at the deepest unconscious level of the American mentality. In contrast to Europeans, they disrespect both subject and object as the key philosophical categories. Only a process between them matters. Americans always ask whether something works or not. And such an approach is the very background of all achievements in the American society, economy, and technologies.\n\nThe ultimate pragmatism of the American world vision ignores the rationality of an object. You invented perpetuum mobile? — No, problem, just prove it works, you are welcome. The whole Silicon Valley acts in such a manner — everyone can offer any “fantastic” or “unreal” idea to be developed. And no one rejects the idea at once because “there could be something valuable in it, what if it works?..”\n\nThe traditional American philosophy pays no attention to the veracity of a subject. You are reincarnated Elvis Presley? — Nice to meet you. You believe that Mark Zuckerberg is a reptiloid? — That’s your business.\n\nYou can be whoever you want and believe in whatever you wish. Your image doesn’t matter when the thing you do works.\n![reptiloid.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmY9KqtPkL1gT5i3q93ZsSGS8wpzeRDFBgrrvcRm1G8Ptr/reptiloid.jpg)\nNo conceptual limits are available in the American philosophy. And this is what distinguishes the pragmatic American spirit from the rest approaches. And it works!\n\nWe have to admit with regret, by the way, that the contemporary globalized elites are trying to interfere in the American lifestyle in order to change the very authentic American philosophy imposing foreign values from outside. But this is another topic…\n\nLet’s consider how the true American spirit can help people figure out the viability of one or another direction of a sustainable economic development.\n\nThe well-worn example of the crypto economy is irrelevant to the issue even though the “Petro” coin can be quite illustrative in case we consider a bubble-type project. But we don’t since the pragmatic approach suggests us looking for something tangible, something capable of withstanding some unpredictable fluctuations of interest inherent in quite narrow geeky audiences.\n\nThere is another example of a real American entrepreneur whose projects reflect the true spirit of the American philosophy.\n\nJust imagine that 15 years ago someone told you about a private company successfully competing with NASA in space exploration. The very possibility of such a situation could sound childish at that time, to put it mildly. Nevertheless, today SpaceX is leaving behind both NASA and Russian space industry in what we understand under space flights.\n\nPlease note, that Elon Musk disrupted one of the closest business segments demonstrating that even the extremely knowledge-intensive industries such as space exploration can be occupied by a single private person.\n\nWhich innovation made it possible?\n\nWas that a new business model re-establishing the entire space flights’ market? No, that wasn’t. Even though some new approach to the very feasibility of space flights was invented by Elon, he hasn’t obviously applied the principles of the new trendy shared economy to his business, for example.\n\nThe basis of the commercial success of SpaceX is grounded on a purely technical innovation — reusable launch vehicles.\n\nThus, we can see a “classic” real-sector business model on the one hand and unprecedentedly promising horizons of growth and development on the other hand.\nSuch a combination became possible thanks to the true spirit of the American pragmatism Elon Musk fully possesses.\n\nAll the other can relax and forget about the space flights’ business while SpaceX is so successful in it, some might notice. Wrong conclusion. Both Richard Branson with his Virgin Galactic and Jeff Bezos with his Blue Origin don’t think so. There is always space in Space for everyone, pardon the pun.\n![15862_Branson-space-jet.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmZbyrTsrLSKKyPxu9xWgNsUMNqYSLaZpyvCqkMU75kbVJ/15862_Branson-space-jet.jpg)\n\nHowever, the science-intensive industries are beyond the capacity of many average persons who are looking for a sustainable business to establish. The same relates to many countries where any hi-tech sector is hardly affordable.\n\nWouldn’t it be easier for them to do something virtual, something similar to financial speculations capable of bringing easy money? Post-industrial virtuality starts dominating in a public discourse — why not jump into this train once the only things necessary for it are the Internet along with a personal profit-related demagoguery?\n\nAnd people go for that oftentimes — the above-mentioned Venezuelan president is a living proof of this. Crypto economy, shared economy, and some other virtual economies of nowadays remain attractive for the majority of modern entrepreneurs due to the easy start, loud promise, and wide publicity. But does that directly meet the pragmatic American spirit?\n\nNot at all. Because just the sustainability is highly questionable in virtual sectors.\n\nLook at Elon Musk as at the iconic business person of these days. Look at China as at the most powerful and rapidly growing national economy of the modern times.\n\nWhat are they both engaged in?\n\nThey both are developing real-sector businesses — space rockets, electric cars, hyper-speed trains, solar electricity — they are engaged in manufacturing.\n![chinese plant.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmZYwDXS238nMV7UKhqimAtE1UA9jn6JCvGYegfTLcMkPW/chinese%20plant.jpg)\n\nWhat the weird days we are living in! It seems the true spirit of the pragmatic American entrepreneurship is migrating to China.\nAmong other things, the process is symbolized by the ban of the Chinese Government imposed on crypto speculations while the science-intensive real sectors are kept generously funded.\n\nWhat to choose when the reliable promise of a real-sector economy is accepted?\n\nA prospective field of business should, inter alia, meet two main requirements:\n\n1) The sector should not be overloaded with competitors, and\n2) The applied technology should be protected against obsolescence.\nHard task, right?\n\nNevertheless, we can hint at one of the business segments strictly meeting every aspect of the true spirit of the commercial pragmatism. Before disclosing it directly, we’d like to outline some major properties of this business in brief:\n\n- This is a real-sector industry having nothing similar to a bubble-type speculative economy;\n- The end products of this business are crucial for the most important hi-tech industries of nowadays including electronics, spaceships, military and medical equipment, solar electricity etc.;\n- Only a handful of the actual competitors are available in this sector now;\n- The resource deposits for this business imply hundreds of years of intensive development. And in many cases they are renewable;\n- The technology to be applied to this business is absolutely eco-friendly — no pollution, no contamination;\n- This business is uniquely irrelevant to the spatial location of its owner — every nation can be engaged in it;\n- The demand for the end products of this business will always exceed their supply most probably;\n- This business corresponds to the very essence of the technological development of the human civilization.\n![nodules 2.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmbFXgKvJoNcSdsBNZSBp9L1jFykq5Ckjx9UkjwDs683f1/nodules%202.jpg)\nWe are talking about the advanced seabed mining or Extractive Industry 2.0. The detailed description of the profound deepwater technology, thoroughly calculated business plans, resources-related info, as well as the other dedicated materials all are available on the official website (http://www.kryptonocean.com/).\n\nIn addition, the business-related corporative pages aimed at expanding the seabed mining discourse are available on the major social networks (https://www.facebook.com/ExtractiveIndustry2/).\n\nWhile considering a real-sector economy of the nearest future we do not see any other business segment as promising as seabed mining in relationships with the true spirit of commercial pragmatism which made America great and which keeps making China great today.",
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      "permlink": "how-to-alter-the-global-economy-with-mud",
      "title": "How To Alter The Global Economy With… Mud?",
      "body": "![mud.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmTBZRfNHjsmxAxe8uUDNPKAQ2Z6TxjomBazHpbajhJUGA/mud.jpg)\n\nMud. What do people do with mud? In our day-to-day routine, we sidestep mud in order not to get dirty. What do we know about seabed mud, for example? The female part of humanity appreciates it for some cosmetic properties.\n\nWhat else? Nothing definitive to determine offhand in most cases…\n\nWhat if I told you that potentially mud could become another economic driver of the 21st century? What if seabed mud processing can replace oil exploitation in terms of profitability?\n\nSounds like nonsense? Probably, unless the so-called REY-rich seabed mud is taken into consideration.\n\nDo you know that a very small piece of seabed (small on a global scale) near Minamitorishima Island (Japan) contains about 1.2Mt of rare earth elements such as yttrium (Y), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), and Dysprosium (Dy)?\n![japan mud map.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmck69MT7eBxG6KGSe4EUFk8WKqBktFNptXjAwhkRdUeJM/japan%20mud%20map.jpg)\n\nimage credit www.nature.com\nThis small seabed area can provide 62, 47, 32, and 56 years of annual global demand for Y, Eu, Tb, and Dy, respectively.\n\nGot it? GLOBAL DEMAND!\n\nHow important are the rare earth elements for the contemporary economy?\n\nJack Lifton explained it in his interview of 2012, for example.\n\nThe emergency of exploration of the rare earth elements keeps growing with regard to the most burning trends of nowadays.\n\nThank God people have finally realized the deep meaning of eco-friendly technologies. This is not about just humane ethics anymore. This is about our survival as species.\nThe entrepreneurs who care about only their profits can be at ease since extra expenses for adding eco-friendly options to their business pay off significantly. Moreover, what we know as “green” industries constitute the only feasible business ideas in these days.\n\nHybrid vehicles, rechargeable batteries, wind turbines, light emitting diodes as well as many other advanced contemporary technologies become more and more lucrative due to their direct and indirect capabilities to save natural resources.\n\nIt seems the slogan of the modern business can be expressed as “be eco-friendly if you wanna be commercially successful”.\n\nAnd in order to follow such a trend in the “green” industries, the newest technologies cannot do without rare earth elements, how odd it may sound.\n\nNow we get back to the seabed mud issue again. A lot of military, medical, and computer technologies cannot keep their hardware up-to-date without both REY elements and such minerals as cobalt, zinc, copper, and manganese.\n\nWe have already given a very illustrative example of how a military sector depends on manganese supply. This mineral is so important for the arms industries that even the very national sovereignty can be at risk due to a manganese shortage.\n![Apocalyptic-Public-Domain.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmYxKxgfoHc7dXASS45xhXQRu4sqop9zrJtPQiJauQTyen/Apocalyptic-Public-Domain.jpg)\n\nimage credit charismanews.com\nWe are living in the post-industrial economy, some may argue, only virtual assets matter today. The others can notice that any kind of mineral extraction should be left for the huge transnational corporations capable of exploring and processing minerals whatever value they can add to the business.\n\nBoth statements have questionable validity in fact even though they both seem self-evident. Let’s figure out what’s wrong with them from a purely economic perspective.\n\nMyths # 1 to debunk:\nThe so-called virtual sector of the contemporary economy should not be underestimated, of course. Google, Facebook, Twitter as well as numerous fancy crypto projects own just virtual assets in the form of either publicly consumable content or ephemeral cryptocurrencies. And they really succeed.\n\nMoreover, some politicians such as Venezuelan president bet on virtual cryptocoins. However, in the case of Mr. Maduro, his efforts to fix hyperinflation of the national currency with the help of crypto seem meaningless even though the “Petro” coin is backed by oil deposits.\n![maduro.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmYGoVH6Fe6xXUx3LXZhsMEfuHXfEnRzqCUzmMbTPwxMKZ/maduro.jpg)\n\nAs people say, it is too late to drink mineral water when your stomach needs urgent surgical treatment. The thing is that any currency (no matter fiat or crypto) is able to hold its value only when people trust the currency’s emitter. This is a feature of the “network effect” adding value to any virtual project.\n\nWhat is the value of your coin along with your oil when nobody wants to deal with you?\nPerhaps, Mr. Maduro missed a chance to reform the very socio-economic basis of the real-sector economy of Venezuela, and now he has to place hopes in virtual crypto miracles…\n\nWithout diminishing the profits many virtual business models can bring to their owners, the interdependence between real and virtual sectors is worth considering. In order to clearly realize who depends on whom, let’s compare hardware and software as the symbols of both real and virtual models.\n\nThe old chicken-and-egg dilemma, right?\n\nAsk yourself then whether Facebook can do without those gadgets and desktop computers through which we all enter our FB profiles. Can Google run without its global network built upon huge data centers and numerous servers? What is any software without related hardware?\n\nOn the other hand, even the old-school button mobile phones and obsolete computers keep working once hundreds and thousands of the similar software are always available. Just visit App Store or Google Play to confirm this.\n\nHowever popular and profitable virtual products can be, they cost nothing without a “real-world carrier” granting them the very existence.\nThus, the real-sector economy is prior to any virtual one. And what do we need to produce a smartphone, for example?\n\nRight, we need minerals, metals and rare earth elements after all.\n\nMyth #2:\nHave you ever wondered why the electronics remain quite expensive despite the huge number of the currently available manufacturers?\n![The-Apple-watch-goes-on-display.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmYAPq1EvtCJLAR56WeByGLzV4LFS44G4QkQnVBLRDjR3u/The-Apple-watch-goes-on-display.jpg)\n\nimage credit: Daily Mirror\nBecause the greedy digital giants have a tacit agreement to keep price high once they share the global market between several monopolists, some might explain. Although the concept of corporate complicity sounds convincing there should be some deeper rationale than just conspiracy.\n\nWhat about the price of the basic materials the electronics manufacturers have to pay?\n\nThe thing is that Google and Apple do not extract Dysprosium, for example, which is necessary for the production of their gadgets. They both have subcontractors — the suppliers of the components where Dysprosium is contained in one or another form. In their turn, the components’ suppliers buy metals and minerals from some dedicated manufacturers who also purchase the raw materials from mining companies.\n\nThus, each link of such a long supply chain adds cost to the materials.\n\nLet’s try to realize why the super-rich and powerful transnational corporations have to depend on the arbitrary prices of mining companies.\n\nSuch valuable minerals for electronic industries as zinc, cobalt, manganese, copper, and REY elements belong to quite limited onshore deposits. The countries owning those deposits along with some large private mining enterprises having licenses for extractive activities within the deposits keep control over extraction of those critical minerals.\n\nThe fact is that no onshore terrains have long been “terra incognita” geologically speaking.\nOnly two large areas remain insufficiently explored with regard to mineral resources — Antarctica and Eastern Siberia. And they both will remain in such a state in the near term most probably.\n\nHence, the current state of affairs makes even the most influential corporations depend on those limited supply of the valuable minerals whose price is fixed high.\n\nIs there a chance to change the current situation in principle?\nLeaving aside some speculative propositions about the industrial-scale commercial mining on other planets, the chance to find another rich source of minerals is available.\n\nIn contrast to all onshore mineral deposits occupied by the existing mining enterprises, much bigger unexplored deposits are still waiting to appear in the “aqua incognita”.\nWe mean the seabed mineral deposits containing billions of tons of minerals in the form of ferromanganese nodules and REY-rich mud. Even approximate estimations regarding their volume suggest providing the whole humanity with minerals for hundreds of years!\n![nodules 2.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmbFXgKvJoNcSdsBNZSBp9L1jFykq5Ckjx9UkjwDs683f1/nodules%202.jpg)\n\nIt explains why such small country as Japan can become the biggest global supplier of rare earth elements in the nearest perspective. The data given at the beginning of the present post hints at such a possibility. Of course, as long as Japan will be able to cope with the technological challenges related to deepsea mining. However, the fact that those REY-rich mud deposits are located in the 200-mile exclusive economic zone of Japan will most probably push Japanese Government (or Japanese corporations?) to apply their inherent pragmatic approach to the early resolution of the technical issues.\n\nOur readers may complain that the given example describes a unique situation, that Japanese are lucky to find out such a treasure in their backyard.\n\nNevertheless, there is another example of the opposite attitude to the seabed treasures capable of making a certain economy flourishing.\n\nThe biggest currently known seabed deposit of ferromanganese nodules is located in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone where several big contractors conduct active explorations for many years.\n![CCZ.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmTp7PsyQCnfhZ5e1iWBzdm1pDjaQXSDHAsGoVgk8cz7yW/CCZ.png)\n\nThe thing is that every state can participate in such an activity if a special license is issued by the International Seabed Authority. And the only state which needs no licenses is Mexico since the Clarion-Clipperton Zone covers the Mexican exclusive economic zone.\n\nHave you ever heard anything about Mexico with regard to any valuable minerals supply?\nWhether ignorance, whether negligence but the total indifference of the Mexican Government about such a gift from God is really puzzling…\n\nPlease don’t jump into conclusions, but all of the above can help us figure out how to make iPhones, for example, significantly cheaper and therefore more accessible for various strata of the global population.\n\nIf some new entities enter the global market of minerals with their abundant supply of critical elements for electronic industries, the new competition will affect the current fixed prices.\n\nThus, the successful seabed minerals’ mining can re-establish many sectors of the contemporary economy. The digital giants will have to double up…\n\nHow to literally dive deeply into the seabed mining? Do the issue have just some purely technological constraints? What should come first to a newcomer in seabed mining?\n\nWe will give the answers in our next post. Nevertheless, you are always welcome to join our social channels to learn more about the newest approaches to what we call Extractive Industry 2.0 (https://www.facebook.com/ExtractiveIndustry2/)",
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      "body": "Good read, thanks a lot. Wars over resources are always possible due to the wrong vision of the mineral deposits we actually can find on our planet. Just look at the REY-rich mud available near Marcus Island (Japan). This small seabed area can provide 62, 47, 32, and 56 years of annual global demand for Y, Eu, Tb, and Dy, respectively. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-23948-5",
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      "title": "Utopianism, Elon Musk, And Oceanic Treasures",
      "body": "![oceanic treasures.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmY3d5nPui2XwxAwGqPsuuR4kZc2Kv2rvoMDasXSbHBfxQ/oceanic%20treasures.jpg)\n\nWhen polymetallic nodules were discovered for the first time at the end of the XIX century, the bright future of the deep-sea industrial mining seemed approaching so rapidly. That was a period of the powerful technological leap when the sci-fi stories of Jules Verne didn’t seem too fantastic anymore especially since the first submarines started cruising the world’s oceans. The on-shore extractive industry was developing intensively to satisfy the needs of the rushing industrial revolution, and everyone might expect that the oceanic mineral resources would be accessible shortly.\n\nMore than 100 years have passed since that time. Today we are witnessing the 4th industrial revolution with its computerized robotization and artificial intelligence. Two World Wars, space flights, television, nuclear weapons and many other events and inventions are behind the present human civilization whose development is tightly linked to technologies. Nevertheless, something atypical happens with the extraction of oceanic mineral resources.\n\nAsk an average person about the most trendy topics related to the ocean nowadays. In most cases, the plastic waste islands, beached dolphins, indiscriminate fishing, and destruction of reefs will be the first things coming to mind. Some may also recollect the horrific oil spills that can kill sea species on the large ocean areas along with people sometimes — the “Deepwater Horizon” movie of 2016 was focusing on just negative connotations between the extractive industry and the ocean.\n![deepwater hor.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmYvSzqFXLUCeYqmsXowWRj9vWxtF2rPArAHzZj2SEur5Z/deepwater%20hor.jpg)\n\nHow come almost no one refers the oceanic resources to what can be accepted as the prosperity of humankind? Why does the public discourse ignore the very fact of such tremendously rich oceanic deposits as Clarion-Clipperton Zone, for example? And who will be that “maritime Elon Musk” capable of transforming the currently neglected oceanic mineral treasures into the hope of humanity?\n\nAt the dawn of the automobile industry, just electric cars were considered as the most perspective direction of development. However, after the invention of internal combustion engines along with achieving quite inexpensive oil refinery products the gasoline-fueled cars occupied the global market. Over a century passed until the “old new” electric-driven vehicles jumped at the top of popularity among global consumers.\n\nWhy was such a long period needed to realize that electric cars outperformed the conventional ones? Many might explain it with a certain technological insufficiency of the electric vehicles before Tesla Model S distracted the car market. Even if so, it is only part of the truth. Indeed, almost the entire intellectual power of the car engineers worldwide was dedicated to both gasoline and diesel engines in the 20th century. However, it is worth remembering that the prevailing “classic” capitalism of that period run under the “demand creates supply” principle.\n\nThe situation changed in the 1990s when the new postmodern paradigm began re-establishing the socio-economic relations. Gradually, the main economic drivers switched places — beginning from the first iPhone craze just supply started creating demand. And this is another part of the truth explaining the success of Tesla Motors in the 21st century.\n\nNothing revolutionary new was offered by Elon Musk to the consumers from the purely technological viewpoint. The main and only ingenious thing Elon invented was the very public discourse around electric vehicles. His approach was similar to what Steve Jobs has done for iPhone — he created a specific public image of the product, the “product-as-a-virus” capable of covering the globe with a consumeristic pandemia.\n![steve jobs.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmVPxZrCEgATYdCQ5qFbLcAQfDTVMSP81DsZNNWbjVVy3z/steve%20jobs.jpg)\n\nEven though Steve Jobs was the trailblazer who managed to make people crazy about his product, Elon Musk initially had some more difficult task — in contrast to the smartphones well-known to the wide audience before iPhone was first introduced, nothing similar to Tesla cars was available in the consumer market.\n\nSome may reproach us about the obvious things we are trivially repeating here — of course, both Steve Jobs and Elon Musk represented the holistic socio-psychological concepts instead of just products. They applied no ideas inherent in the utopianism directly, but the viral happy dreams such as “me-and-iPhone” and “me-and-Tesla” impressed people somewhere at the subconscious level.\n\nSo what? What does all this have to do with oceanic mining?\nThe thing is that some similar “utopianistic” approach can be applied to almost everything under the sun. What has Elon Musk done to promote Tesla cars after all?\n\nHe started talking about how good was to own such an elegant eco-friendly hi-tech gizmo. He kept whetting the appetites of the consumers convincing them that such a socially responsible purchase as a Tesla car could strengthen their status making them eventually happy.\nJust the discourse creates phenomena, as existentialists used to say. And Tesla Motors, SpaceX, Hyperloop — all Elon’s projects owe their success to the dream-provoking narratives reinforced by his personal charisma.\n![elon.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmYb8NGd8V9vhY5zCPru7TgXgKajBSpXevd7pSRSwPG2XM/elon.jpg)\n\nAnd the method of Elon Musk hints at what the present situation with oceanic minerals is lacking. The majority of the global population are simply unaware of such a phenomenon as manganese nodules at all. Not that someone keeps the information about oceanic minerals in secret intentionally. But the absence of a broad discourse about deepwater mining in mass media makes the subject virtually non-existent.\n\nMoreover, the only international entity dedicated to the oceanic mining regulation — the International Seabed Authority prefers to remain a narrow-specialized organization most probably. Otherwise, the topics related to oceanic minerals appear in mass media as frequently as the ones dedicated to plastic contamination of the ocean do, for example.\n\nSome may argue that the very absence of the oceanic mining topics in the information area witnesses the insignificance of the subject for the humanity — once almost nobody talks about seabed minerals, there’s nothing to talk about.\n\nOf course, we can continue to ignore the subject, but we won’t be able to alter the scientifically proven facts regarding the abundance of minerals available on the oceanic bottom. Will it be reasonable to ignore 10 billion tons of the rare earth minerals such as cobalt, manganese, and zinc in the days of depletion of the onshore deposits?\n\nDoes the humanity really lack the conflicts and wars related to scarcity of natural resources?\n\nOn the other hand, the similar discourse takes place in mass media with regard to such sci-fi projects as asteroid mining and Mars exploration. The broad publicity of the topics provided by Elon Musk along with some other celebrities does not look weird, nevertheless. Hence, the problem of the resource deficiency exists in fact. Moreover, it seems very few people think of the actual feasibility of both Mars exploration and asteroid mining. We have discussed the subject recently, by the way.\n\nNow we have to come back to the key issue again. One of the greatest classic philosophers Hegel said that existence influences the consciousness. About 150 years later one of the US presidents determined the idea in a more straightforward manner: it’s the economy, stupid. Today, we dare to define it even more radically: resource availability affects the destiny of the human race.\n\nIt means whatever deep silence we can keep about the mineral resource problem, the harsh reality will inevitably make us admit the importance of the mineral resources for the mere survival of mankind.\nFreshwater, food, clean air, plants, and animals constitute the most valuable resources for humans, some may declare. How can we compare minerals with them? Without any intention to challenge the notion we’d like to give an example of how a mineral can influence the fate of a nation.\n\nConsider such a “humble” mineral as manganese with regard to the independence of the United States.\n\nNo relations? However, no native deposits of manganese are available throughout the United States. The US have to import manganese from abroad. Imagine that the manganese supply chain is inaccessible for some reason anymore. Which of the industries will suffer most of all then?\n\nThe thing is that the production of special alloy steels is impossible without manganese. The arms industry, in its turn, cannot do without the alloy steels. Please note, that the military sector cannot be outsourced to China or India — this is a national security interest having nothing similar to iPhones or footwear.\n\nFinally, the strongest army in the world might face the deficiency of weapons and ammunition.\n![bunksy.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmQuEDq5YXaj3LBWEJ4hpF8oGBGuDUvYcpChE4g1Fgivwk/bunksy.jpg)\n\nConsider now what the effects of the situation might be. The common logic suggests either the loss of sovereignty or a war over resources. Both variants are far from a humane solution, right?\n\nWe tackled just a slight aspect of the “importance of minerals” which deserves a separate extensive study. Nevertheless, the key message we’d like to emphasize is the critical need for the wide publicity of both the advanced seabed mining technologies and the very abundance of minerals the global ocean can offer to humanity.\n\nOur subsequent posts will cover various particular aspects of oceanic mining. We will keep propagating the idea that exploration of the Earth’s oceans is much more feasible, lucrative and reasonable for the humankind than asteroid mining along with the other sci-fi projects balancing on the verge of mental speculations.\n\nAt the same time, we will continue to examine such innovative approaches to the real-sector extractive industry as the blockchain-based gamification.\n\nAnd the most important mission of all our narratives comes to the actual implementation of the Extractive Industry 2.0 initiative — we cannot afford to watch how our planet suffers from the onshore predatory mining while the colossal mineral treasures are neglected on the seabed.\n\nFollow us: https://www.facebook.com/Extractive-Industry-20-1036416526523302/",
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      "body": "Congratulations @kryptonocean! You have completed some achievement on Steemit and have been rewarded with new badge(s) :\n\n[![](https://steemitimages.com/70x80/http://steemitboard.com/notifications/firstpost.png)](http://steemitboard.com/@kryptonocean) You published your First Post\n[![](https://steemitimages.com/70x80/http://steemitboard.com/notifications/firstvoted.png)](http://steemitboard.com/@kryptonocean) You got a First Vote\n\nClick on any badge to view your own Board of Honor on SteemitBoard.\nFor more information about SteemitBoard, click [here](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)\n\nIf you no longer want to receive notifications, reply to this comment with the word `STOP`\n\n> Upvote this notification to help all Steemit users. Learn why [here](https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/http-i-cubeupload-com-7ciqeo-png)!",
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      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://medium.com/@rokos2009/strategic-feasibility-mars-vs-ocean-f284ba096869",
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      "author": "kryptonocean",
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      "title": "Strategic Feasibility: Mars vs Ocean",
      "body": "![vs.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmUdXAUCijEfxFkudceX1RHEvnUiX3sFCMM4mMyDFqmgBX/vs.jpg)\n\nThe vector of the tertiary sector’s development seems to change its direction. Who can guarantee that the purely virtual projects will keep growing in the days of such fat scandals as the one Facebook appeared in? The hidden vulnerabilities of the products having no tangible assets in their background act as a time-bomb that can explode at any moment. Those 80 billion dollars Facebook lost in the last weeks showed that the digital economy principles should be reconsidered.\n\nThe Club of Rome — a pool of the biggest world intellectuals describes what will happen in the globalized economy shortly. The core idea comes to “reincarnation” of the real sector while the financial speculations along with the other attributes of the tertiary sector start losing their appeal. The trend can hardly constitute a digital “counterrevolution” even though the newest trade wars between the US, Europe, and China relate to what we call industrial manufacturing. However, one thing is certain — whatever impressive achievements of the digital technologies sound loud, they cannot do without scientific and technological development in the real sector.\n\nDeep Space + Deep Earth\n\nOne of the prominent entrepreneurs of nowadays who see the situation clearly is Elon Musk. His biography demonstrates a business approach atypical for the present days. Actually, Elon’s movement from an internet-based service to industrial manufacturing indirectly confirms what the Club of Rome outlines. We can call Mr. Musk a down-to-earth business person (even a “deep-down-to-earth” one taking into account the tunnels his Boring Company digs for the high-speed underground trains) since all his revolutionary products from Tesla cars to Falcon space rockets are far from such virtual ones as PayPal cashless service from which Elon started his business career.\n\n\nBeing a prototype of the main character in the Iron Man movie, Elon embodies quite an ambivalent image of a visionary romantic and a cold pragmatist at the same time. On the one hand, he produces solar-cell roofs to provide people with cheap energy. On the other hand, his Mars project still smells like science fiction despite some success his SpaceX achieved in building reusable launch vehicles. Nevertheless, all Elon’s activities resonate with the warnings reflected in the report of the Club of Rome.The overpopulation and scarcity of natural resources can make Earth uninhabitable in the nearest future. Both problems seem apparent, but the same is not true of the practices to overcome them.\n\nSpace is good for … Hollywood\n![DHS-_Bruce_Willis_in_Armageddon.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmPLKxTRm56sNdBNAkVNknR3SQeCExzse8yaprqNpixsPM/DHS-_Bruce_Willis_in_Armageddon.jpg)\n\nThe humans’ hijrah to the Red Planet is to start in 5–10 years, as many space romantics believe. Can that be a measure against overpopulation? It seems questionable because even the super-heavy space rockets can hardly do the trick. Those tens of thousands of Mars colonists will constitute an infinitesimal minority of the 8-billion humankind. What about the natural resources that can be extracted from both Mars and the other celestial bodies? The industrial-scale asteroid mining capable of compensating the depletion of the Earth’s resources is still remaining just a speculative topic for the audiences who stand far from both the actual space flights and the extractive industries in fact.\n\n\nThe exploration of space is worth appreciating in terms of the ambitious goals people are losing in the contemporary era of consumerism. Our secular humanity stops dreaming while mundane routines ruin our spirit. And Elon Musk deserves to be called a hero of postmodernity due to his unprecedented efforts to restore the lofty civilizational targets. Nevertheless, from the feasibility standpoint, the extraction of resources can correlate with exploration of space in the sci-fi movies only. Don’t people have alternatives other than Mars to explore?\n\nInvestigating neighborhood\n\nIn accordance with the professional geophysical stats, over 10 billion tons of metal constitute the mineral deposits available on the ocean bottom. Moreover, they are generated in the form of the so-called ferromanganese nodules annually! This fact contradicts such a common misconception that extractibles belong to non-renewable resources. Hence, people can retrieve something more valuable than plastic waste from the seas and oceans. Many may question the significance of the above-mentioned amount — who knows whether 10 billion tons sound sufficient on the global scale. In fact, this is many times larger than on-shore mineral reserves. For example, the deposits of oceanic cobalt exceed its on-shore analogs about 55-fold. And we don’t need to travel millions of miles through space to reach them.\n![1_674.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmaz64f3HVn5cNi3gzWCb9mY2AGLzBN9MUyTcUBvTpAxtL/1_674.jpg)\n\nWhy?\nIf so, some may ask, why nobody mines those oceanic deposits then. This legitimate question can have multiple answers:\n\n- First of all, the humanity has not reached the red line yet when the on-shore resources are totally depleted affecting the global economy. As people say, we are waiting for the flood to start building the ark.\n\n- The agenda of the current post-industrial economy was focusing on financial speculations along with the tertiary sector’s development until recently. In addition, the obsolete capitalistic paradigm acting under the “homo homini lupus” motto encourages entrepreneurs to spend less and earn more. Such an approach to natural resources implies little to no concern for succeeding generations. And this is what the Club of Rome fiercely criticizes, by the way.\n\n- Although the deep-water technologies are available, they belong to either purely scientific or military purposes most of all. Besides, the public opinion fueled by various sci-fi narratives makes people appreciate multi-billion investment into Mars exploration rather than pragmatic investigation of the ocean bottom deposits.\n\n- All in good time, as they say. A steam engine was invented in the 4th century in Rome Empire. However, the mass adoption of such a technology started 14 centuries later approximately. Why? Roman Civilization was not ready for a technological leap at the time. The deep-sea mining just so happens to be relevant to the present society of the 21st century.\n\n![Сборка НЕОБИТАЕМОГО модуля затемненный 20.08.17.JPG](https://steemitimages.com/DQmcP5PmFyPPBCWKNQrm3eKU6FzzFq6ZJiZzURJWBKg49NT/%D0%A1%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%20%D0%9D%D0%95%D0%9E%D0%91%D0%98%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%95%D0%9C%D0%9E%D0%93%D0%9E%20%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8F%20%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9%2020.08.17.JPG)\n\nDeep waters: extractive industry 2.0\n\nBoth Elon Musk and NASA can hardly refuse their Mars exploration programmes. And that’s awesome. At least people know who cares about their future even though it refers to pure futurology, in fact. The thing is that nobody is able to figure out even an approximate feasibility of such epic projects as Mars exploration or asteroid mining today. It seems the global society will have to absorb the costs of sending people to deep space on a pro bono basis.\n\nThe situation with ocean mining is absolutely different. Both the return on investment and exact timeline are thoroughly calculated. The required deep-water technologies are far from science fiction. The location of rich ocean deposits, estimated volume of extraction, dedicated regulatory frameworks, security and ecology concerns, engineering and human resources all are well-known to the initiators of ocean mining. Hence, another version of the extractive industry 2.0 is ready to go out into the world. And still something is missing.\n\nThe acknowledgement of a worldwide audience is what the project probably lacks. An aggressive promotion of sustainable ocean mining should address everyone who is not indifferent to the future of humanity. Values change over time, but the commercial feasibility is to remain a major focus of attention for the progressive thinkers and far-sighted investors. This is what we will emphasize in our subsequent posts dedicated to various aspects of the extractive industry 2.0 in general and ocean mining in particular.\nhttps://www.facebook.com/Extractive-Industry-20-1036416526523302/",
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      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://medium.com/extractive-industry-2-0/when-the-time-comes-crypto-gamification-of-extractive-industry-ffb62c4c7b1d",
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      "permlink": "when-the-time-comes-crypto-gamification-of-extractive-industry",
      "title": "When The Time Comes: Crypto-Gamification of Extractive Industry",
      "body": "![9 2.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmZb3qNpZEqep2bSqZKdYzArHH4JtfnWFw7dS7LeqYK9Y8/9%202.jpg)\n\nThe very conception of reality is changing with regard to the generations who cannot face life without the contemporary interactive technologies. Ask the millennials who do their business globally what the features should constitute some “must-have” set of capabilities of the truly emerging business idea of nowadays.\n\nAmong the variety of possible answers, one trend will inevitably be present — the Digital. It implies using the Internet, computers, and the entire scope of the available information technologies. And whatever “serious” task is performed in the modern digital workflows, it is gamified one way or another.\n\nBoth user interfaces and user experiences represented by the modern digital instruments are rooted in the entertainment industry from which the digital technologies started occupying the global audience.\n\n\nEverything in the digital environment is gamified, take it or leave it. The king of the contemporary communication — social media look and work like a game. Every website behaves like a gameplay. Every communication channel beginning from email and up to mobile messengers makes us playing with taps and clicks on our gadgets.\n\nWe are continuously playing while working, shopping, communicating, and having fun.\nSomething similar taking place in the business environment of the 1980s is hardly imaginable. But “tempora mutantur” (times change) as the ancient Romans used to say. And together with the new generations who become more and more unlike their predecessors, the contemporary industries have to adopt the gamified patterns to stay compelling for the contemporary population.\n\nJust take a look at what the space flights are today. People can watch a streaming broadcast from ISS around the clock as sci-fi movies. Elon Musk launched a Tesla car to space transforming the most science-intensive industry into a show. Leaving aside the romantic flair imposed on the entire space topic by Hollywood, we have to admit that such a real-sector industry as space exploration became digitally gamified. But who says that it was a wrong approach?\n\n\nIf digital gamification is the new times’ trend, why don’t we try applying such an approach to the other real-sector industries? How about the extractive industry?\n\nNothing prevents us from transforming the oceanic mining into an exciting online game. Moreover, we are going to add fuel to the fire with another burning technology of nowadays — blockchain. Let’s consider such an opportunity, let’s positively speculate about gamification of oceanic mining.\n\nHence, our idea implies three different phenomena that should be synthesized in order to create what we could call “Crypto-Oceanic Mining” including:\n\nthe actual deepwater mining activity aimed at extracting minerals from the ocean bottom. The submersible vehicles capable of collecting ferromanganese nodules from the depth of 6.000 meters are designed by Krypton Ocean Group. About 10 billion tons of renewable polymetallic deposits are generated on the ocean bottom annually. Zinc, gold, silver, platinum, nickel, copper, cobalt, manganese and many other minerals constitute the real tangible treasure the Krypton’s deep-sea harvesters can deliver to “the surface” without damaging the oceanic ecosystem.\n\na real-time strategy game (similar to famous World of Warcraft) which can be easily developed by one of numerous outsourcing software companies. The gameplay implies a wide global audience playing to explore, extract, and sell various deepwater minerals. In doing so, they will use the virtual analogs of the actual oceanic deposits along with the real extractive technology offered by Krypton Ocean. Moreover, both the user interface and user experience of the game should be created in accordance with what the actual deepwater miners do and feel in reality.\n\na blockchain-based layer of the project capable of combining both the real-sector extractive activity and the virtual game. Why should the distributed ledger technology (DLT) be implemented? The very nature of DLT excludes any retroactive alteration of the transactions between both the players and the oceanic mining company. Besides, the newest crowdfunding methods propagated among rapidly growing crypto communities can be applied to the project in order to make it even more lucrative.\n\nWhat can be the main objective of such a combination after all?\n\nThe multi-source profits of the players, how odd such an answer may sound. The thing is that along with the purely virtual assets usually inherent in games, the actual real assets in the form of extracted minerals will be available. In addition, such an innovative financial phenomenon as crypto assets in the form of either cryptocurrencies or the so-called project tokens can add some “speculative” component to the project. Thus, the general agenda of the game can be described as follows:\n\nA player should invest a certain amount of either fiat or crypto funds to be able to log in the game. Virtual copies of the actual deep-sea fields compose the game environment where the players can conduct a vast variety of actions associated with oceanic mining.\n\nThe whole scenario should integrate everything available on the player’s monitor with what actually happens on the working deepwater harvesters in real time.\nA large number of options can be offered the players for extra investment. Thus, the primary fund flow moves from the players to the game in general and to the ocean mining company in particular.\n\nProceeding the deep-sea mining within the gameplay, every player will participate in the real-sector extractive industry. Knowledge, creativity, dedication, and non-trivial approaches will be required from the players to successfully compete in both virtual and real oceanic mining.\n\nHence, the leading players will benefit from two parallel sources when their virtual earnings will be supplemented with the actually extracted gold, platinum, silver, cobalt, and other valuable assets.\n\nThe more efficient workflows a player can arrange within the scope of capabilities of a real deepwater harvester, the bigger amount of both virtual and real resources can be finally capitalized.\n\nIn order to exclude any fraud from the whole process, the blockchain technology will be implemented. As is known, blockchain removes intermediaries from a peer-to-peer communication. Such a feature is essential for keeping all interactions within the game fair and transparent.\n\nIn addition, the blockchain-based crypto assets can attract a broader audience of the small “singular” investors who will foster the so-called network effect of the project. In its turn, the powerful network effect will significantly enhance the value of everything and everybody engaged in the game.\n\nThus, some kind of a self-sustaining multi-profit system will appear on the verge of the innovative oceanic mining, real-time strategy game, and crypto initiative.\n\nDoes the idea sound weird? Maybe, but the only reason for it is that nobody implemented something similar until today.\nThe core feature of such a project comes to a fusion of the real sector with virtual environments. In contrast to numerous bubble-type crypto initiatives that are fiercely criticized for their financial speculations, the “Crypto-Oceanic Mining” game will include two different levels belonging to the actual tangible assets, nevertheless.\n\nOn the one hand, the real-sector extractive activity will be run by some deepwater-mining operator. On the other hand, a unique software product in the form of a strategy game will cover a community of players. And the unhackable scam-free blockchain layer will integrate both previous ones making the project highly relevant to the contemporary world outlook.\n\nWho can dare to develop such a demanding venture then? Krypton Ocean Group can. Sooner or later we will create such a “real-sector” game. We promise. Otherwise, the Extractive Industry 2.0 paradigm we propagate is meaningless.",
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