{
  "trx_id": "e64b493cb5d4f490ae232f69b9de6f8e3756cff0",
  "block": 72402156,
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2023-02-26T07:56:36",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "hosabd",
      "author": "khattak7",
      "permlink": "media-access-control-method",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "af4f40f0ba670fd8ce3a3043d4fcb0fee825b1c5",
  "block": 49515317,
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-12-17T03:01:21",
  "op": [
    "transfer",
    {
      "from": "blurtofficial",
      "to": "khattak7",
      "amount": "0.001 STEEM",
      "memo": "CONGRATS! You have a 1:1 BLURT AIRDROP of 0.101 BLURT and 0.000000 BLURT POWER waiting for you. Check out https://blurtwallet.com/@khattak7 and https://blurt.blog/ TODAY!"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "0d7a8564d43a8eeb7921c4c27015ce7e7f62f82e",
  "block": 48262637,
  "trx_in_block": 4,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-11-02T19:44:36",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "khattak7",
      "vesting_shares": "1920.017158 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "f89fd5ae5b01e48e3244d0eaddb1ec6ce1c5e61c",
  "block": 43666465,
  "trx_in_block": 4,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-25T04:35:24",
  "op": [
    "account_update",
    {
      "account": "khattak7",
      "posting": {
        "weight_threshold": 1,
        "account_auths": [
          [
            "merasteem-login",
            1
          ]
        ],
        "key_auths": [
          [
            "STM8NdaXRekuUJxG3FN48Q5VU8bXTuc6DrHkdMQnvcZwDq9F7JpwF",
            1
          ]
        ]
      },
      "memo_key": "STM7dGV1h8uVKyvWzQCULSHqhmWavoCrsUoTbTxNZWtkziK8JkxHg",
      "json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"name\":\"Khattak\",\"about\":\"CCNA\",\"website\":\"https://networkustad.com\",\"location\":\"Pakistan\"}}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "24b243c79034fa3d5926ac839e387c0d3a3e75c7",
  "block": 43666312,
  "trx_in_block": 5,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-25T04:27:39",
  "op": [
    "account_update2",
    {
      "account": "khattak7",
      "json_metadata": "",
      "posting_json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"name\":\"Khattak\",\"about\":\"CCNA\",\"location\":\"Pakistan\",\"version\":2}}",
      "extensions": []
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "49f70c33677a47c8500419332c0c47d286cd8c2a",
  "block": 43666079,
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-25T04:15:48",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "sonet",
      "author": "khattak7",
      "permlink": "what-is-sonet",
      "title": "What is SONET?",
      "body": "@@ -1234,9 +1234,8 @@\n .%E2%80%A6%E2%80%A6.\n-%5B\n Read\n@@ -1243,57 +1243,4 @@\n More\n-%5D(https://networkustad.com/2020/02/13/what-is-sonet/)\n",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"wan\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.2\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "5ee492a3c41630803dfd21b3bd3dc4ae4f0d6ee3",
  "block": 43666067,
  "trx_in_block": 10,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-25T04:15:12",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "fiber",
      "author": "khattak7",
      "permlink": "fiber-vs-copper",
      "title": "Fiber vs Copper",
      "body": "@@ -1055,9 +1055,8 @@\n ....\n-%5B\n Read\n@@ -1064,59 +1064,4 @@\n More\n-%5D(https://networkustad.com/2019/05/29/fiber-vs-copper/)\n",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"vs\",\"copper\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.2\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "4afcd81fc5ca789ae05fd67fce71f6ee79b23a53",
  "block": 43666048,
  "trx_in_block": 3,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-25T04:14:12",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "media",
      "author": "khattak7",
      "permlink": "media-access-control-method",
      "title": "Media Access Control Method",
      "body": "@@ -753,17 +753,16 @@\n tection \n-%5B\n (CSMA/CD\n@@ -766,82 +766,8 @@\n /CD)\n-%5D(https://networkustad.com/2019/06/02/carrier-sense-multiple-access-csma/)\n , us\n@@ -847,17 +847,16 @@\n oidance \n-%5B\n (CSMA/CA\n@@ -860,82 +860,8 @@\n /CA)\n-%5D(https://networkustad.com/2019/06/02/carrier-sense-multiple-access-csma/)\n , us\n@@ -1162,17 +1162,16 @@\n  packet \n-%5B\n encapsul\n@@ -1179,83 +1179,8 @@\n tion\n-%5D(https://networkustad.com/2019/04/29/data-encapsulation-de-encapsulation/)\n  int\n@@ -1736,17 +1736,16 @@\n  layer, \n-%5B\n network \n@@ -1753,86 +1753,8 @@\n ayer\n-%5D(https://networkustad.com/2019/06/06/network-layer-intro-functions-protocol/)\n  pro\n",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"media-access\",\"csma\",\"providing\",\"controlling\"],\"image\":[\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmT9mSosZBbiKnJ15gHHM9QiHgSbKsZHawMJwG57esiWrw/image.png\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.2\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "b90c1b9466fec2561a6ffe0cb2c39f7c59c133df",
  "block": 43665987,
  "trx_in_block": 11,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-25T04:11:09",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "half-duplex",
      "author": "khattak7",
      "permlink": "transmission-modes-simplex-half-duplex-and-full-duplex",
      "title": "Transmission Modes -Simplex, Half-Duplex and Full-Duplex",
      "body": "@@ -838,17 +838,16 @@\n evision \n-%5B\n broadcas\n@@ -854,80 +854,8 @@\n ting\n- %5D(https://networkustad.com/2019/06/27/unicast-multicast-and-broadcast/)\n  com\n",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"simplex\",\"full-duplex\",\"transmission-modes\"],\"image\":[\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmTBSCvPGFE4HtWASf4AksroZTs8ML2M5pR9feq7v8DsXX/half-duplex.png\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmT3sMcS9KF3CwhhJwq2xXezTm73799nPUFGHbCDD34y7v/full-duplex.png\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.2\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "a2343e5b26da22057e09d1224b8b2b345616f9ee",
  "block": 43665969,
  "trx_in_block": 14,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-25T04:10:15",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "half-duplex",
      "author": "khattak7",
      "permlink": "transmission-modes-simplex-half-duplex-and-full-duplex",
      "title": "Transmission Modes -Simplex, Half-Duplex and Full-Duplex",
      "body": "@@ -1516,17 +1516,16 @@\n nd with \n-%5B\n Ethernet\n@@ -1533,160 +1533,15 @@\n hubs\n-%5D(https://networkustad.com/2019/05/27/network-devices-hub-switch-router/)\n . \n-%5B\n WLANs\n-%5D(https://networkustad.com/2019/11/17/comparison-between-wlan-and-lan/)\n  als\n",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"simplex\",\"full-duplex\",\"transmission-modes\"],\"image\":[\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmTBSCvPGFE4HtWASf4AksroZTs8ML2M5pR9feq7v8DsXX/half-duplex.png\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmT3sMcS9KF3CwhhJwq2xXezTm73799nPUFGHbCDD34y7v/full-duplex.png\"],\"links\":[\"https://networkustad.com/2019/06/27/unicast-multicast-and-broadcast/\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.2\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "58077d6124e026c00d99ca3d3279da5236bb1562",
  "block": 43665888,
  "trx_in_block": 3,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-25T04:06:12",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "simplex-communication",
      "author": "khattak7",
      "permlink": "5wkor1-transmission-modes-simplex-half-duplex-and-full-duplex",
      "title": "Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA)",
      "body": "@@ -171,17 +171,16 @@\n thod in \n-%5B\n half-dup\n@@ -186,154 +186,26 @@\n plex\n-%5D(https://networkustad.com/2019/06/02/transmission-modes-full-half-duplex/) %5BEthernet networks%5D(https://networkustad.com/2020/02/26/ethernet-wan/)\n+ Ethernet networks\n .%C2%A0 O\n@@ -773,76 +773,14 @@\n  in \n-%5B\n 802.11\n-%5D(https://networkustad.com/2019/11/16/ieee-802-11-standards/)\n  net\n@@ -2374,9 +2374,8 @@\n his \n-%5B\n acce\n@@ -2387,73 +2387,5 @@\n thod\n-%5D(https://networkustad.com/2019/05/30/media-access-control-methods/)\n .\n",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"csma\",\"csma-cd\",\"csma-ca\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.2\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "d9fc92ccf6c93217c8bdc854d668276e459b5340",
  "block": 43195759,
  "trx_in_block": 8,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-08T11:35:03",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "khattak7",
      "vesting_shares": "5859.933421 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "8ac942c7f02f233c17b6bb85b39d3f4d58b8faac",
  "block": 43085449,
  "trx_in_block": 7,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-04T13:23:18",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "notify",
      "json": "[\"setLastRead\",{\"date\":\"2020-05-04T13:23:15\"}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "d7df9f1b523355eaa4363411571bedf248b8d128",
  "block": 42459637,
  "trx_in_block": 16,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-04-12T05:47:15",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "khattak7",
      "author": "khattak7",
      "permlink": "q8nuqa",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "aa63cea5c865f4367f236ec5f4262a91ef358fb5",
  "block": 42459632,
  "trx_in_block": 10,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-04-12T05:47:00",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "aliarami",
      "parent_permlink": "inter-vlan-routing",
      "author": "khattak7",
      "permlink": "q8nuqa",
      "title": "",
      "body": "This is a brilliant post you have shared.  Inter VLAN routing is possible by using the Router-on-stick, Legacy Inter-VLAN Routing and using the SVI. The links for these methods are\nhttps://networkustad.com/2019/08/24/router-on-stick-inter-vlan-routing/\nhttps://networkustad.com/2019/08/24/legacy-inter-vlan-routing/\nhttps://networkustad.com/2019/08/25/switch-virtual-interface/",
      "json_metadata": "{\"links\":[\"https://networkustad.com/2019/08/24/router-on-stick-inter-vlan-routing/\",\"https://networkustad.com/2019/08/24/legacy-inter-vlan-routing/\",\"https://networkustad.com/2019/08/25/switch-virtual-interface/\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.2\"}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "4232d185ad281a448ad327b89fa9534ee587dc59",
  "block": 42459494,
  "trx_in_block": 3,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-04-12T05:40:03",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "khattak7",
      "author": "aliarami",
      "permlink": "inter-vlan-routing",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "f66f6615a5223b77a7d98b21e9dbe12b1abaa0dd",
  "block": 41950947,
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-25T05:57:42",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "jzjgoogoo",
      "author": "khattak7",
      "permlink": "what-is-coronavirus-covid-19",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "776230e2a76b2e34cdba2cedea6ecf0ab9e36389",
  "block": 41946813,
  "trx_in_block": 7,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-25T02:28:18",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "coronavirus",
      "author": "khattak7",
      "permlink": "what-is-coronavirus-covid-19",
      "title": "What is Coronavirus (Covid-19)?",
      "body": "@@ -4310,8 +4310,101 @@\n  fluids.\n+%0A%0A%3Ch3%3EShare This Post withYour Friends and Family to beware them about the cororonavirus%3C/h3%3E\n",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"corona-virus\",\"covid-19\",\"staysafe\",\"help-others\",\"coronavirus-information\",\"protect-yourself\",\"protect-others\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.2\",\"format\":\"markdown\",\"image\":[\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmaziNWHeosp2SoegW5ncPfpDanS9KoLT9oYi62yPapGgt/Coronavirus.png\"]}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "155da4890c09c724e31f06f19b18f28e7a0a2b9f",
  "block": 41946695,
  "trx_in_block": 10,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-25T02:22:18",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "follow",
      "json": "[\"reblog\",{\"account\":\"khattak7\",\"author\":\"khattak7\",\"permlink\":\"what-is-coronavirus-covid-19\"}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "cf82bc37bc7ca556128c393ec70a0f165f24039d",
  "block": 41946675,
  "trx_in_block": 14,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-25T02:21:18",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "khattak7",
      "author": "khattak7",
      "permlink": "what-is-coronavirus-covid-19",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "46f408cb7d69e4e520c68c2ca39fb1386617a2fb",
  "block": 41946668,
  "trx_in_block": 19,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-25T02:20:57",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "coronavirus",
      "author": "khattak7",
      "permlink": "what-is-coronavirus-covid-19",
      "title": "What is Coronavirus (Covid-19)?",
      "body": "@@ -560,16 +560,132 @@\n edness%0A%0A\n+!%5BCoronavirus.png%5D(https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmaziNWHeosp2SoegW5ncPfpDanS9KoLT9oYi62yPapGgt/Coronavirus.png)%0A%0A%0A\n Fever in\n",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"corona-virus\",\"covid-19\",\"staysafe\",\"help-others\",\"coronavirus-information\",\"protect-yourself\",\"protect-others\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.2\",\"format\":\"markdown\",\"image\":[\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmaziNWHeosp2SoegW5ncPfpDanS9KoLT9oYi62yPapGgt/Coronavirus.png\"]}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "925c472ed47644c1d14807403bdb3ff3710e212b",
  "block": 41946626,
  "trx_in_block": 4,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-25T02:18:42",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "coronavirus",
      "author": "khattak7",
      "permlink": "what-is-coronavirus-covid-19",
      "title": "What is Coronavirus (Covid-19)?",
      "body": "It is caused by a member of the coronavirus family that has never been encountered before. It has transferred from human to humans, from human to animals, from animal to animal and from animal to human. The World Health Organization declared the coronavirus as an epidemic. This post is written in the care of my Dr Friend for the awareness of the peoples in the world.\n\n<h1>Symptoms of coronavirus </h1>\n\nThe initial symptoms of coronavirus may appear between 2-14 days after exposure. The initial symptoms are:\n\nFever\nCough\nShortness of breath including tiredness\n\nFever including tiredness and dry cough is the most common symptom of coronavirus. Depending on the immune system of the persons, some patients may experience a runny nose, sore throat, nasal congestion, headache, chest pain and diarrhoea. The above mentions are not all-inclusive please consult to a Doctor for any other symptoms that are severe or concerning.\n\n<h2>How coronavirus spreads</h2>\nThe first carrier of the virus is the person. The virus is spread mainly from person-to-person when they are in close contact with one another. The virus is also spread when an infected person coughs or sneezes.\nWhen someone got an infection and the symptom are not shown, the spread of the virus might be possible from this person.\nRespiratory droplets formed when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs. The distance between the persons should be more than 6 feet.\nThe virus can transfer from the touching of surface, touching of objects previously touch by infected persons, common washroom tap, towels that have the virus on it and then touching the infected hands to their mouth, nose, or possibly their eyes.\n<h2>How to Protect Yourself</h2>\nWash your hands for more than 20 seconds with soap and water especially after you have been in a public place, handshaking someone or after blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing.\nUse hand sanitizer if soap and water are not available.\nIf you are in public places or you have touched something or you handshaking someone avoids touching your eyes, nose, and mouth before washing your hands.\nAvoid close contact with infected or suspected peoples; also avoid contact with unknown persons.\nTry to maintain a distance of more than 6 feet with other peoples.\nPeoples over 50 years, diabetics patients, patient with heart problems, patients of asthma avoid public gathering, markets etc.\n<h2> How to Protect Others - the Most Important </h2>\nIf you are sick or you have symptoms than stay home to protect others and get medical care.\nCover your mouth and nose with a face mask.\nUse a tissue when you cough or sneeze and throw the used tissues in the trash.\nIf you have no tissues and face mask try to away from people and use the inside of your elbow when cough or sneeze.\nAfter cough or sneeze, wash your hands immediately with soap and water for at least 20 seconds before touching a surface or things. If soap and water are not available, clean your hands with a hand sanitizer.\nIf you are sick and around the other peoples use a facemask especially when sharing rooms, travelling in the vehicle and the public places.  If you are NOT sick you do not need to wear a facemask unless you are caring for someone who is sick.\nClean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces including tables, doorknobs, light switches, countertops, handles, desks, phones, keyboards, toilets, taps, and sinks.\nClean dirty surfaces with detergent or soap.\nHelp Prevent the Spread of COVID-19 if you are sick\nStay home except to get medical care\nStay in touch with your doctor\nAvoid Public transportation\nStay away from others as well as stay away from your family members.\nLimits you contact and with pets and animals.\nWear a facemask if you are sick\nCover your coughs and sneezes\nDispose of used tissues in a lined trash can.\nWash hands frequently with soap.\nIf water and soap, not available use hand sanitizer.\nAvoid sharing personal household items like dishes, glasses, cups, towels and bedding.\nClean all high touch surfaces daily\nClean and disinfect areas that may have blood, stool, or body fluids.",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"coronavirus\",\"corona-virus\",\"covid-19\",\"staysafe\",\"help-others\",\"coronavirus-information\",\"protect-yourself\",\"protect-others\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.2\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "c869c9e0f601fd944dd8bde0c33aad1b56ead8d8",
  "block": 41866315,
  "trx_in_block": 15,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-22T06:27:45",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "khattak7",
      "author": "ocd",
      "permlink": "ocd-daily-issue-520",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "0b70f1d5c65050b94d2f534b38823f373ccd62ed",
  "block": 41866304,
  "trx_in_block": 7,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-22T06:27:09",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "khattak7",
      "author": "mindtrap",
      "permlink": "10-minutes-ago-this-wasn-t-there-i-am-telling-you-but-it-seems-that-bittrex-is-about-to-list-hive-and-hbd-in-no-time",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "800f504ffcff49a8248e6d07162c0b43e06e7665",
  "block": 41623246,
  "trx_in_block": 19,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-13T18:48:45",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "simplex-communication",
      "author": "khattak7",
      "permlink": "5wkor1-transmission-modes-simplex-half-duplex-and-full-duplex",
      "title": "Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA)",
      "body": "<h1>Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)</h1>\n\nCarrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection (CSMA/CD); is the most widely used transmission method in [half-duplex](https://networkustad.com/2019/06/02/transmission-modes-full-half-duplex/) [Ethernet networks](https://networkustad.com/2020/02/26/ethernet-wan/).  On Ethernet, any device can attempt to send a frame at any time. Each device senses whether the line is idle and available for use. If it is, the device begins to send its first frame. If another device has tried to send at the same time, a collision occurs and the frames then discarded. Then each device waits a random amount of time and retires until successful in getting its transmission again.\n\n<h1>Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance</h1>\n\nCSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance) is a method for carrier transmission in [802.11](https://networkustad.com/2019/11/16/ieee-802-11-standards/) networks. If a collision has occurred in the wired network then the energy of received signal almost doubles and the station can sense the possibility of collision. In the case of wireless networks, most of the energy; is used for transmission and the energy of received signal increases by only 5-10% if a collision occurs. It can’t be used by the station to sense collision.\n\nTherefore CSMA/CA has specially designed for wireless networks. It uses a method similar to CSMA/CD to detect if the media is clear. CMSA/CA also uses additional techniques. This method does not detect collisions but attempts to prevent collisions before happen. Each device that transmits includes the time duration that it needs for the transmission. All other wireless devices receive this information and know-how long the medium will be unavailable.\n\nIn CSMA/CA, when a node receives traffic for sending, it checks to sure that the channel is clear (no other node is transmitting at the time). The packet is sent when the channel is clear. If the channel is not clear, the node waits for a randomly chosen period of time and then checks again to see if the channel is clear. This period of time called the backoff factor and counted down by a backoff counter.\n\nIf the channel is clear when the backoff counter reaches zero, the node transmits the packet. If the channel not clear and the backoff counter reaches zero, the backoff factor reset again, and the process repeated. Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) is,  the least popular of the access methods. The WLANs now uses this [access method](https://networkustad.com/2019/05/30/media-access-control-methods/).",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"csma\",\"csma-cd\",\"csma-ca\"],\"links\":[\"https://networkustad.com/2019/06/02/transmission-modes-full-half-duplex/\",\"https://networkustad.com/2020/02/26/ethernet-wan/\",\"https://networkustad.com/2019/11/16/ieee-802-11-standards/\",\"https://networkustad.com/2019/05/30/media-access-control-methods/\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.2\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "297f9d7cbc3885386d75bfb90e8c3e40c512649a",
  "block": 41623224,
  "trx_in_block": 24,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-13T18:47:39",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "simplex-communication",
      "author": "khattak7",
      "permlink": "5wkor1-transmission-modes-simplex-half-duplex-and-full-duplex",
      "title": "Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA)",
      "body": "@@ -902,14 +902,76 @@\n  in \n+%5B\n 802.11\n+%5D(https://networkustad.com/2019/11/16/ieee-802-11-standards/)\n  net\n@@ -2561,16 +2561,17 @@\n es this \n+%5B\n access m\n@@ -2575,9 +2575,77 @@\n s method\n+%5D(https://networkustad.com/2019/05/30/media-access-control-methods/)\n .\n",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"csma\",\"csma-cd\",\"csma-ca\"],\"links\":[\"https://networkustad.com/2019/06/02/transmission-modes-full-half-duplex/\",\"https://networkustad.com/2020/02/26/ethernet-wan/\",\"https://networkustad.com/2019/11/16/ieee-802-11-standards/\",\"https://networkustad.com/2019/05/30/media-access-control-methods/\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.2\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "bb1d815706ac21eb085868fec139130fd5432e80",
  "block": 41623135,
  "trx_in_block": 21,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-13T18:43:12",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "follow",
      "json": "[\"reblog\",{\"account\":\"khattak7\",\"author\":\"khattak7\",\"permlink\":\"5wkor1-transmission-modes-simplex-half-duplex-and-full-duplex\"}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "82e7931251203dd1fd847f86ab43dd9c0bf80fe7",
  "block": 41623109,
  "trx_in_block": 22,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-13T18:41:54",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "simplex-communication",
      "author": "khattak7",
      "permlink": "5wkor1-transmission-modes-simplex-half-duplex-and-full-duplex",
      "title": "Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA)",
      "body": "<h1>Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)</h1>\n\nCarrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection (CSMA/CD); is the most widely used transmission method in [half-duplex](https://networkustad.com/2019/06/02/transmission-modes-full-half-duplex/) [Ethernet networks](https://networkustad.com/2020/02/26/ethernet-wan/).  On Ethernet, any device can attempt to send a frame at any time. Each device senses whether the line is idle and available for use. If it is, the device begins to send its first frame. If another device has tried to send at the same time, a collision occurs and the frames then discarded. Then each device waits a random amount of time and retires until successful in getting its transmission again.\n\n<h1>Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance</h1>\n\nCSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance) is a method for carrier transmission in 802.11 networks. If a collision has occurred in the wired network then the energy of received signal almost doubles and the station can sense the possibility of collision. In the case of wireless networks, most of the energy; is used for transmission and the energy of received signal increases by only 5-10% if a collision occurs. It can’t be used by the station to sense collision.\n\nTherefore CSMA/CA has specially designed for wireless networks. It uses a method similar to CSMA/CD to detect if the media is clear. CMSA/CA also uses additional techniques. This method does not detect collisions but attempts to prevent collisions before happen. Each device that transmits includes the time duration that it needs for the transmission. All other wireless devices receive this information and know-how long the medium will be unavailable.\n\nIn CSMA/CA, when a node receives traffic for sending, it checks to sure that the channel is clear (no other node is transmitting at the time). The packet is sent when the channel is clear. If the channel is not clear, the node waits for a randomly chosen period of time and then checks again to see if the channel is clear. This period of time called the backoff factor and counted down by a backoff counter.\n\nIf the channel is clear when the backoff counter reaches zero, the node transmits the packet. If the channel not clear and the backoff counter reaches zero, the backoff factor reset again, and the process repeated. Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) is,  the least popular of the access methods. The WLANs now uses this access method.",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"csma\",\"csma-cd\",\"csma-ca\"],\"links\":[\"https://networkustad.com/2019/06/02/transmission-modes-full-half-duplex/\",\"https://networkustad.com/2020/02/26/ethernet-wan/\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.2\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "b2d95e792ad8fe0f7c5ed066bb256ef1b3671fb6",
  "block": 41622902,
  "trx_in_block": 39,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-13T18:31:33",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "khattak7",
      "author": "khattak7",
      "permlink": "5wkor1-transmission-modes-simplex-half-duplex-and-full-duplex",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "fa33798af13197c7278d1a6e6eb40bbb5209f0e8",
  "block": 41622897,
  "trx_in_block": 13,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-13T18:31:18",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "simplex-communication",
      "author": "khattak7",
      "permlink": "5wkor1-transmission-modes-simplex-half-duplex-and-full-duplex",
      "title": "Transmission Modes -Simplex, Half-Duplex and Full-Duplex",
      "body": "Transmission Modes refers to the direction of data transmission between two devices. For example, your cell phone is a full-duplex because both parties can talk at once but, a walkie-talkie is a half-duplex device because only one party can transmit at a time. Radio is the example of simplex communication, where radio only can receive the signal and never transmit. Half-duplex communications limit the exchange of data to one direction at a time while full-duplex allows the sending and receiving of data at the same time.\n\n<h1>Simplex Communication </h1>\n\nIn simplex transmission, the communication between sender and receiver only occurs in one direction.  Simplex in one way communication in which the signals can travel only in one direction. The sender only can send and receiver only can receive nor send. Radio Broadcasting, television broadcasting computer to printer communication, and keyboard to computer connections are the examples of simplex communication.\n\n<h1>Half-duplex communication</h1>\n\nIn half-duplex communication, one side can talk at a time another side should be on listening. When one side has complete transmitting its data, the other side can reply. Only one node can talk at a time. If both try to talk at the same time, a [collision](https://networkustad.com/2019/07/16/collision-and-broadcast-domains/) will take place on the network. So both devices can transmit and receive on the media but cannot do so at the same time.\n\nThe half-duplex mode is used in legacy bus topologies and with Ethernet hubs. [WLANs](https://networkustad.com/2019/11/17/comparison-between-wlan-and-lan/) also operate in half-duplex. Half-Duplex is used with contention-based access methods. This method of communication is not very efficient and requires more time to send/receive larger amounts of data. Older networks mostly based in half-duplex mode, due to the constraints of the network medium (coax cable) and hardware equipment (hubs) as shown in the figure below.\n\n<h1>Full-duplex communication</h1>\n\nFull-duplex is the type of communication where Both devices can transmit and receive on the media at the same time. The data link layer assumes that the media is available for transmission for both nodes at any time without any danger of a collision. So, the transfer of data occurs much faster. Ethernet switches operate in full-duplex mode by default but can operate in half-duplex if connecting to a device such as an Ethernet hub. Below figure illustrates the full-duplex communication.\n\nToday, all networks make use of switches instead of hubs and UTP Ethernet cabling instead of co-axial cabling, which allow full-duplex communication between all connected hosts. It is important that both interconnected interfaces operate using the",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"simplex-communication\",\"half-duplex\",\"full-duplex\"],\"links\":[\"https://networkustad.com/2019/07/16/collision-and-broadcast-domains/\",\"https://networkustad.com/2019/11/17/comparison-between-wlan-and-lan/\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.2\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "c8a707a61b60a025ce4342465d1f87e5b7923031",
  "block": 41584345,
  "trx_in_block": 34,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-12T10:20:12",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "notify",
      "json": "[\"setLastRead\",{\"date\":\"2020-03-12T10:20:09\"}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "fc1fa3cde7b6929a3979ddfc9cc27057941203f6",
  "block": 41584321,
  "trx_in_block": 5,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-12T10:19:00",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "khattak7",
      "author": "steemitboard",
      "permlink": "steemitboard-notify-khattak7-20200306t120005000z",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "fd34907260d4945cca72362090ee6303448fe352",
  "block": 41413917,
  "trx_in_block": 4,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-06T12:00:06",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "steemitboard",
      "author": "khattak7",
      "permlink": "transmission-modes-simplex-half-duplex-and-full-duplex",
      "weight": 100
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "dce573b5914192e193876a74bf20f3acffddc142",
  "block": 41413916,
  "trx_in_block": 35,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-06T12:00:03",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "khattak7",
      "parent_permlink": "transmission-modes-simplex-half-duplex-and-full-duplex",
      "author": "steemitboard",
      "permlink": "steemitboard-notify-khattak7-20200306t120005000z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Congratulations @khattak7! You have completed the following achievement on the Steem blockchain and have been rewarded with new badge(s) :\n\n<table><tr><td><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/60x70/http://steemitboard.com/@khattak7/posts.png?202003051921\"></td><td>You published more than 10 posts. Your next target is to reach 20 posts.</td></tr>\n</table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@khattak7) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=khattak7)_</sub>\n<sub>_If you no longer want to receive notifications, reply to this comment with the word_ `STOP`</sub>\n\n\nTo support your work, I also upvoted your post!\n\n\n**Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:**\n<table><tr><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/use-your-witness-votes-and-get-the-community-badge\"><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/64x128/https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmTugCUsoXX762vg1CuHRrpnPbfnjPogp8iCGv7F2kSVuj/image.png\"></a></td><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/use-your-witness-votes-and-get-the-community-badge\">Use your witness votes and get the Community Badge</a></td></tr></table>\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
      "json_metadata": "{\"image\":[\"https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png\"]}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "e2026a78101876f46b45c2dc478cdc9397069987",
  "block": 41392929,
  "trx_in_block": 24,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-05T18:27:36",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "follow",
      "json": "[\"reblog\",{\"account\":\"khattak7\",\"author\":\"khattak7\",\"permlink\":\"transmission-modes-simplex-half-duplex-and-full-duplex\"}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "77b8af5fe23419691876deeb3bafddda4f4bca1a",
  "block": 41392747,
  "trx_in_block": 15,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-05T18:18:27",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "khattak7",
      "author": "khattak7",
      "permlink": "transmission-modes-simplex-half-duplex-and-full-duplex",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "a8fad4ffc36bde5659037e71ba272f91af9c4ba5",
  "block": 41392743,
  "trx_in_block": 22,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-05T18:18:15",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "half-duplex",
      "author": "khattak7",
      "permlink": "transmission-modes-simplex-half-duplex-and-full-duplex",
      "title": "Transmission Modes -Simplex, Half-Duplex and Full-Duplex",
      "body": "Transmission Modes refers to the direction of data transmission between two devices. For example, your cell phone is a full-duplex because both parties can talk at once but, a walkie-talkie is a half-duplex device because only one party can transmit at a time. Radio is the example of simplex communication, where radio only can receive the signal and never transmit. Half-duplex communications limit the exchange of data to one direction at a time while full-duplex allows the sending and receiving of data at the same time.\n\n<h1>Simplex Communication</h1>\n\nIn simplex transmission, the communication between sender and receiver only occurs in one direction.  Simplex in one way communication in which the signals can travel only in one direction. The sender only can send and receiver only can receive nor send. Radio Broadcasting, television [broadcasting ](https://networkustad.com/2019/06/27/unicast-multicast-and-broadcast/) computer to printer communication, and keyboard to computer connections are the examples of simplex communication.\n\n<h1>Half-duplex communication</h1>\n\nIn half-duplex communication, one side can talk at a time another side should be on listening. When one side has complete transmitting its data, the other side can reply. Only one node can talk at a time. If both try to talk at the same time, a collision will take place on the network. So both devices can transmit and receive on the media but cannot do so at the same time.\n\nThe half-duplex mode is used in legacy bus topologies and with [Ethernet hubs](https://networkustad.com/2019/05/27/network-devices-hub-switch-router/). [WLANs](https://networkustad.com/2019/11/17/comparison-between-wlan-and-lan/) also operate in half-duplex. Half-Duplex is used with contention-based access methods. This method of communication is not very efficient and requires more time to send/receive larger amounts of data. Older networks mostly based in half-duplex mode, due to the constraints of the network medium (coax cable) and hardware equipment (hubs) as shown in the figure below.\n\n![half-duplex.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmTBSCvPGFE4HtWASf4AksroZTs8ML2M5pR9feq7v8DsXX/half-duplex.png)\n\n\n<h1>Full-duplex communication</h1>\n\nFull-duplex is the type of communication where Both devices can transmit and receive on the media at the same time. The data link layer assumes that the media is available for transmission for both nodes at any time without any danger of a collision. So, the transfer of data occurs much faster. Ethernet switches operate in full-duplex mode by default but can operate in half-duplex if connecting to a device such as an Ethernet hub. Below figure illustrates the full-duplex communication.\n\nToday, all networks make use of switches instead of hubs and UTP Ethernet cabling instead of co-axial cabling, which allow full-duplex communication between all connected hosts. It is important that both interconnected interfaces operate using the\n\n![full-duplex.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmT3sMcS9KF3CwhhJwq2xXezTm73799nPUFGHbCDD34y7v/full-duplex.png)",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"half-duplex\",\"simplex\",\"full-duplex\",\"transmission-modes\"],\"image\":[\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmTBSCvPGFE4HtWASf4AksroZTs8ML2M5pR9feq7v8DsXX/half-duplex.png\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmT3sMcS9KF3CwhhJwq2xXezTm73799nPUFGHbCDD34y7v/full-duplex.png\"],\"links\":[\"https://networkustad.com/2019/06/27/unicast-multicast-and-broadcast/\",\"https://networkustad.com/2019/05/27/network-devices-hub-switch-router/\",\"https://networkustad.com/2019/11/17/comparison-between-wlan-and-lan/\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.2\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "80c1d39c56d38cb678c2015402ee685da2c1fdee",
  "block": 41391560,
  "trx_in_block": 26,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-05T17:18:57",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "notify",
      "json": "[\"setLastRead\",{\"date\":\"2020-03-05T17:18:54\"}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "2a3687881459d74c1d68b85313182f28b31336f1",
  "block": 41335081,
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-03T17:57:45",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "notify",
      "json": "[\"setLastRead\",{\"date\":\"2020-03-03T17:57:40\"}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "05bbc73925e4897636c453b2d8053b72d0b90a36",
  "block": 41213702,
  "trx_in_block": 24,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-28T12:04:06",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "follow",
      "json": "[\"follow\",{\"follower\":\"khattak7\",\"following\":\"igbins4ua\",\"what\":[\"blog\"]}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "6d0f436aed3993ea0c5bbda8d089bb70e8f29919",
  "block": 41213701,
  "trx_in_block": 8,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-28T12:04:03",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "follow",
      "json": "[\"follow\",{\"follower\":\"khattak7\",\"following\":\"socky\",\"what\":[\"blog\"]}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "b9959987bae0bd4ea51dbda66c947a7b6fb2fecc",
  "block": 41213699,
  "trx_in_block": 21,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-28T12:03:57",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "follow",
      "json": "[\"follow\",{\"follower\":\"khattak7\",\"following\":\"sp-group\",\"what\":[\"blog\"]}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "0f936cdf89fdb3a33b5d2994b9e35ea39f69473a",
  "block": 41213697,
  "trx_in_block": 6,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-28T12:03:51",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "follow",
      "json": "[\"follow\",{\"follower\":\"khattak7\",\"following\":\"raise-me-up\",\"what\":[\"blog\"]}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "374c405374e2e0a1207b1078e94aba2066390819",
  "block": 41213695,
  "trx_in_block": 17,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-28T12:03:45",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "follow",
      "json": "[\"follow\",{\"follower\":\"khattak7\",\"following\":\"raise-me-up\",\"what\":[]}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "31d99d2fd99572cece3b41ad80c6ed32c8f803a8",
  "block": 41213532,
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-28T11:55:36",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "follow",
      "json": "[\"reblog\",{\"account\":\"khattak7\",\"author\":\"steemchiller\",\"permlink\":\"the-good-thing-is\"}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "ddfb7fa1f082763576161e3e6cecd0e8f3b45225",
  "block": 41213473,
  "trx_in_block": 33,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-28T11:52:39",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "follow",
      "json": "[\"reblog\",{\"account\":\"khattak7\",\"author\":\"azircon\",\"permlink\":\"a-review-of-monstermarket-an-online-shop-for-purchasing-steemmonsters-cards-and-packs-at-a-discount\"}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "d4b7880f82bf9e479b8122928d77c5f557f70d0d",
  "block": 41213470,
  "trx_in_block": 14,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-28T11:52:30",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "khattak7",
      "author": "azircon",
      "permlink": "a-review-of-monstermarket-an-online-shop-for-purchasing-steemmonsters-cards-and-packs-at-a-discount",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "8bcf73eea40c7bad1185903fc3c8bd61d4dbab52",
  "block": 41201416,
  "trx_in_block": 9,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-28T01:48:45",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "khattak7",
      "author": "lifecoma",
      "permlink": "social-media-causes-depression",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "161b6a0c8e3b0c5ba4276fcfc6912c4ba587cb62",
  "block": 41201400,
  "trx_in_block": 25,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-28T01:47:57",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "notify",
      "json": "[\"setLastRead\",{\"date\":\"2020-02-28T01:47:56\"}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "4364c02f8a939ba50e86e3de905598397f97d665",
  "block": 41201360,
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-28T01:45:57",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "follow",
      "json": "[\"reblog\",{\"account\":\"khattak7\",\"author\":\"khattak7\",\"permlink\":\"media-access-control-method\"}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "a653b3081606709936c2a9419e5b06af4451c71c",
  "block": 41201355,
  "trx_in_block": 20,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-28T01:45:42",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "khattak7",
      "author": "khattak7",
      "permlink": "media-access-control-method",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "3c8402d6dfd2d6c9f389b6ab01338632c276e61b",
  "block": 41201348,
  "trx_in_block": 6,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-28T01:45:21",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "media",
      "author": "khattak7",
      "permlink": "media-access-control-method",
      "title": "Media Access Control Method",
      "body": "A way data moves from one terminal to another and how the computer terminal on a network gains and controls the transfer of data packets over the network through the cables forming the communication link called Media Access Control Method. A collision can take place and data may be corrupted if two or more computers send data at the same time except a method resolve the collision gracefully. Media access control method makes the smooth flow of traffic on a network, and they also prevent or deal with collisions. Media access control methods implemented at the data-link layer of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model. There are four main media access control methods in Networking:\n\nCarrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection [(CSMA/CD)](https://networkustad.com/2019/06/02/carrier-sense-multiple-access-csma/), used in Ethernet networking\nCarrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance [(CSMA/CA)](https://networkustad.com/2019/06/02/carrier-sense-multiple-access-csma/), used in AppleTalk networking\nDemand priority, Uses in 100 BaseVG networking\nToken passing, Uses in Token Ring and Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) networking\n\n![image.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmT9mSosZBbiKnJ15gHHM9QiHgSbKsZHawMJwG57esiWrw/image.png)\n\n\nLayer 2 protocols identify packet [encapsulation](https://networkustad.com/2019/04/29/data-encapsulation-de-encapsulation/) into a frame as well as the method for getting the encapsulated packet on and off each medium. The method also used for getting the frame on and off the media is called the media access control method.\n\nAs packets travel from the source to the destination, they usually traverse over different physical networks. These physical networks can consist of different types of physical media such as copper wires, optical fibers, and wireless consisting of electromagnetic signals, microwave and radio frequencies, and satellite links.\n\nWithout the data link layer, [network layer](https://networkustad.com/2019/06/06/network-layer-intro-functions-protocol/) protocols such as IP would have to make provisions for connecting to every type of media that could exist along a delivery path. Moreover, IP would have to adapt every time a new network technology; or medium developed. This process would slow down protocol and network media innovation and development. This is also a key reason for using a layered approach to networking.\n\n#Providing Access to Media#\n\nDuring a single communication, different media access control methods may be required. Every network environment has different characteristics. For example, Ethernet LAN, WLAN, and serial links have different characteristics.\n\nRouter interfaces encapsulate the packet into the suitable frame, and a proper media access control method to access each link. In any given exchange of network layer packets, there may be several data link layers and media transitions. At each hop along the path, a router does the following:\n\nAccepts a frame from a medium\nDe-encapsulates the frame\nRe-encapsulates the packet into a new frame\nForwards the new frame to the medium of that segment of the physical network\n\n#Controlling Access to The Media#\n\nMedia access control layer (data link sub-layer) standardize the placement of data frames onto the media. Media access control is the same as traffic rules that control the entry of vehicles onto a roadway. The lack of any media access control would be the equivalent of vehicles ignoring all other traffic and entering the road without regard to the other vehicles. On the other hand, not all roads and entrances are the same. Traffic can enter the road by merging, by waiting for its turn at a stop sign, or by obeying signal lights. A driver follows a different set of rules for each type of entrance.\n\nIn the same way, there are different methods to control placing frames onto the media. The protocols at the data link layer define the rules for access to different media. These media access control techniques describe if and how the nodes share the media. The real media access control method used depends on the topology and media sharing.",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"media\",\"media-access\",\"csma\",\"providing\",\"controlling\"],\"image\":[\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmT9mSosZBbiKnJ15gHHM9QiHgSbKsZHawMJwG57esiWrw/image.png\"],\"links\":[\"https://networkustad.com/2019/06/02/carrier-sense-multiple-access-csma/\",\"https://networkustad.com/2019/04/29/data-encapsulation-de-encapsulation/\",\"https://networkustad.com/2019/06/06/network-layer-intro-functions-protocol/\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.2\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "4357c013b15d180ec39fbf851ae2feb7c6ff2a15",
  "block": 41160281,
  "trx_in_block": 31,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-26T15:26:09",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "khattak7",
      "author": "theycallmedan",
      "permlink": "xgfngynb",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "6474c80d634159b6ba7d8cfa343ef8a4ca998ed5",
  "block": 41145270,
  "trx_in_block": 17,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-26T02:53:57",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "notify",
      "json": "[\"setLastRead\",{\"date\":\"2020-02-26T02:53:57\"}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "0b587b7e77c47bd142a4323f4687baebdd3a8bf6",
  "block": 41074478,
  "trx_in_block": 32,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-23T15:42:06",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "khattak7",
      "author": "tomson777",
      "permlink": "optimus-exchange-is-the-crypto-trading-platform-of-the-future",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "9927e833de5308d2e45d6c00da93fbb2864ca92b",
  "block": 41074466,
  "trx_in_block": 10,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-23T15:41:30",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "khattak7",
      "author": "aivaryamal",
      "permlink": "geoma-dao-the-new-economic-model-for-the-21-century",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "da6aa448057ceadb502b1df18f7d70cfd94cee44",
  "block": 41074456,
  "trx_in_block": 25,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-23T15:41:00",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "khattak7",
      "author": "socky",
      "permlink": "ask-the-car-guy-socky-may-28-2019",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "4ac1eab0a0df99af89bf0e6873fc872f620f42b2",
  "block": 41074361,
  "trx_in_block": 23,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-23T15:36:15",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "khattak7",
      "author": "pgshow",
      "permlink": "time-to-have-a-watermelon-zg1hbmlh-eaqg9",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "17a8fe7050c4d2ee924d13b8a05af05faa77b7bd",
  "block": 41074342,
  "trx_in_block": 20,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-23T15:35:18",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "khattak7",
      "author": "pgshow",
      "permlink": "have-you-every-did-this-when-you-fishing-zg1hbmlh-tcmqc",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "5fede92dd34157d19fc38aed2f199fc990aa636b",
  "block": 41074332,
  "trx_in_block": 36,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-23T15:34:48",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "follow",
      "json": "[\"follow\",{\"follower\":\"khattak7\",\"following\":\"quintomudigo\",\"what\":[]}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "2b9f76a1d7db0e601b5dbec96e91abc7f9acbf48",
  "block": 41074287,
  "trx_in_block": 11,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-23T15:32:33",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "khattak7",
      "author": "quintomudigo",
      "permlink": "trading-cryptocurrency-market-using-keltner-channel-indicator",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "e7a8ed692cabd37f05e739abf5315ec5bf2be830",
  "block": 41074234,
  "trx_in_block": 26,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-23T15:29:54",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "follow",
      "json": "[\"follow\",{\"follower\":\"khattak7\",\"following\":\"raise-me-up\",\"what\":[\"blog\"]}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "4ebcb55249d9eac9a7be768954d9539f8ed88254",
  "block": 41074233,
  "trx_in_block": 43,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-23T15:29:48",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "follow",
      "json": "[\"follow\",{\"follower\":\"khattak7\",\"following\":\"marcusmalone\",\"what\":[\"blog\"]}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "e50eb264729bc5cc929ccef45e4389b176396f29",
  "block": 41074232,
  "trx_in_block": 32,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-23T15:29:45",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "follow",
      "json": "[\"follow\",{\"follower\":\"khattak7\",\"following\":\"pgshow\",\"what\":[\"blog\"]}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "0950bb396e07d412a1e8d711cfa9bada0aadf6ab",
  "block": 41074231,
  "trx_in_block": 60,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-23T15:29:42",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "follow",
      "json": "[\"follow\",{\"follower\":\"khattak7\",\"following\":\"quintomudigo\",\"what\":[\"blog\"]}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "80ff19c36da3015a32590aeb9973ae8fc05a7b1d",
  "block": 41072465,
  "trx_in_block": 12,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-23T14:01:15",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "follow",
      "json": "[\"reblog\",{\"account\":\"khattak7\",\"author\":\"khattak7\",\"permlink\":\"introduction-to-eigrp\"}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "d23831f5abe4d03dc597b5f223da68dfcddd9462",
  "block": 41072462,
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-23T14:01:06",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "follow",
      "json": "[\"reblog\",{\"account\":\"khattak7\",\"author\":\"khattak7\",\"permlink\":\"network-component\"}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "5cb67cfc8a19f8e9c35f30745fb3cc1dc8a50fc1",
  "block": 41072459,
  "trx_in_block": 5,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-23T14:00:57",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "follow",
      "json": "[\"reblog\",{\"account\":\"khattak7\",\"author\":\"khattak7\",\"permlink\":\"data-link-and-network-layer-addresses\"}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "b94a733c30940a45fd5bd13b5c2d275b75e17807",
  "block": 41072455,
  "trx_in_block": 6,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-23T14:00:45",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "follow",
      "json": "[\"reblog\",{\"account\":\"khattak7\",\"author\":\"khattak7\",\"permlink\":\"unshielded-twisted-pair-utp-cabling\"}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "2eeff1c297b3fc8da9159a268dea28efaa7bfebd",
  "block": 41072452,
  "trx_in_block": 3,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-23T14:00:36",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "follow",
      "json": "[\"reblog\",{\"account\":\"khattak7\",\"author\":\"khattak7\",\"permlink\":\"fiber-optic-connectors\"}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "70097526c65e6c6bec9939ca69b74f3fce7e554a",
  "block": 41072448,
  "trx_in_block": 27,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-23T14:00:24",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "follow",
      "json": "[\"reblog\",{\"account\":\"khattak7\",\"author\":\"khattak7\",\"permlink\":\"what-is-sonet\"}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "183dead03868fdb5ae470f643057f6de46bcdbbe",
  "block": 41072446,
  "trx_in_block": 9,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-23T14:00:18",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "follow",
      "json": "[\"reblog\",{\"account\":\"khattak7\",\"author\":\"khattak7\",\"permlink\":\"fiber-vs-copper\"}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "f0392c4e491f448413f635f908a769b75f9fa9f9",
  "block": 41072443,
  "trx_in_block": 19,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-23T14:00:09",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "follow",
      "json": "[\"reblog\",{\"account\":\"khattak7\",\"author\":\"khattak7\",\"permlink\":\"wireless-media\"}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "9d3fc475e1e3aa123f7f37b4dfdb663a51c5c3a2",
  "block": 41071985,
  "trx_in_block": 8,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-23T13:37:15",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "community",
      "json": "[\"subscribe\",{\"community\":\"hive-122108\"}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "ae9cecc910e237561e56c067c3de8fc965e6b1e3",
  "block": 41071967,
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-02-23T13:36:21",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "khattak7"
      ],
      "id": "community",
      "json": "[\"subscribe\",{\"community\":\"hive-174578\"}]"
    }
  ]
}