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      "title": "How Ethereum Gas Works",
      "body": "![business-3085138_1920.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmVk7CRZbDY11ans1bo61Bety4Pvmd6NiojY2c1wQqbo7Q/business-3085138_1920.jpg)\nImage by https://pixabay.com/en/users/Make-someones-day-7691421/\n\n\nEthereum is more than just a cryptocurrency. Ethereum is a network of computers that can execute smart contracts, i.e. decentralized code. However, executing code is never free, not even in the world of cryptocurrencies. This is where the Ethereum Gas comes into play.\n\nIn Ethereum, Gas measures the work which is done in a transaction / smart contract, so the ones running the code can be compensated correctly. This is just like you you would pay for Amazon or any other hosting company to provide a machine for you.\n\n![d58af7d72717472e7a002846678cc552.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmfDnGnAmRH2ouTADYmRKJ8ba75M3VDRF3m6BuPDnNX3uj/d58af7d72717472e7a002846678cc552.png)\nExample Transaction from https://etherscan.io/tx/0x729e80d8e48f845dcab3bc32f655e8e33dff6114ea57b3a79e86753974785798\n\n\nEvery transaction has the properties “Gas Price” and “Gas Limit”. The gas price is the amount of Wei you are willing to pay for each gas and the gas limit specifies how many gas you are willing to spend on the transaction. Every transaction costs gas, but it’s not the same amount every time. When you run smart contracts for example, some can be pretty simple and just add to numbers together and others may be more complex and cost more. You essentially pay for every operation the code is going through. There is a price list for every operation a smart contract may do.\n\n![496bfa7fdde852c137a09cc3fe1402a7.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmPQbCcyRav9Km9Pj3tpwDvqwbmdXNTqvf3LYTP6UFZni7/496bfa7fdde852c137a09cc3fe1402a7.png)\nExample Smart Contract Function\n\nLet’s make the whole process clearer in an example. In the image above you can see an example function which just does some meaningless math operations. If we look up the prices for each operation we can see that we need 3 gas for the first operation, another 3 gas for the second and 5 gas for the last one. This results in a total of 11 gas for this function. If someone runs this function with a gas limit of 11, everything will run as expected. If someone has a higher gas limit than needed, e.g. a gas limit of 20, the sender will get back the remaining gas, e.g. 9. If someone ran our example function with a gas limit of 7 for example, the first two operations (taking 6 gas) would be executed, but the third (taking another 5 gas) would exceed the gas limit and the function would just halt before it.\n\n![99a6f7b1eb728506726c3ae4b589fb00.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmW9kHYsGUUjM7G2rDrgDD3pXNE1keZoHsWfbzniZxnFS2/99a6f7b1eb728506726c3ae4b589fb00.png)\nEthereum Units Table\n\n\n*So how much money do I have to pay for this function?* This depends on the gas price you set in your transaction. If you have a gas price of 2 Gwei/gas, you will have to pay 2 Gwei/gas * 11 gas = 22 Gwei.\n\nThe concept that the one sending the transaction has to pay the money is very crucial for developers and limits the types of applications that are viable. If someone developed a decentralized Facebook on the Ethereum blockchain, a user would have to pay money for updating his/her status, so only very few people would do it and then the whole dApp wouldn’t have any users.\n\nTo put it in a nutshell, Ethereum gas is a measure for the work a transaction takes and the sender has to pay his gas price / gas and the gas limit is the maximum gas the sender is willing to spend on the transaction.\n\nLiked the article? Give it a clap and follow.\nDo you enjoy crypto memes? Check out my website [Coin Humor](https://coinhumor.com/)!",
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      "body": "![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmZESan7X3Xgi4Vt2G171Fh31EuLADLkhGSBicsSPv4NeM/grafik.png)\nUm eine Währung anzunehmen, muss gerade bei Internet-Währungen das Vertrauen in die Währung sichergestellt werden. Dies wird durch eine komplexe Infrastruktur geleistet, die im Kern auf Kryptologie und mathematische Algorithmen basiert.Die herkömmliche Abwicklung beim Warenerwerb ist jedem bekannt: Wenn man z.B. einen Kaffee kaufen will, tauscht man eigentlich nur Güter aus. Der Kunde muss Geld in Form von Papier zahlen, im Gegenzug erhält er einen Kaffee vom Verkäufer. Der Verkäufer geht davon aus, dass er sich mit dem Geld später auch etwas im Wert von seinem Kaffee kaufen kann. Dies kann er aber nur, wenn das Geld echt ist. Beim Verkauf sieht der Verkäufer, dass der Geldschein aus der Geldbörse des Käufers stammt, dieser also der rechtmäßige Inhaber ist. Die Echtheit des Scheins wird zum einen dadurch legitimiert, dass er aussieht wie ein Geldschein, zum anderen kann der Verkäufer ihn durch einheitliche Sicherheitsmerkmaleüberprüfen. Das Problem bei einer digitalen Währung ist nun, dass man exakte Kopien eines digitalen Gegenstands erstellen kann. So kann es also eine unendliche Anzahl an Kopien geben und keiner weiß, wer der rechtmäßige Besitzer ist.Hier kommt die Kryptographie ins Spiel. Um das Besitzer-Problem zu lösen, nutzt man die Public-Key-Kryptographie. Mithilfe dieser Methode kann man eindeutige Besitzer feststellen. Ein Nutzer erhält zwei Schlüssel, einen privaten und einen öffentlichen. Verschlüsselt man nun etwas mit dem privaten Schlüssel, so kann man es mit dem dazugehörigen öffentlichen Schlüssel entschlüsseln. Das gleiche Verfahren funktioniert auch umgekehrt. Bei Bitcoin wird das Prinzip der digitalen Signatur verwendet, was einer Unterschrift entspricht. Der Besitzer des Geldes verschlüsselt sein Geld also mit seinem privaten Schlüssel. Lässt sich das mit seinem öffentlichen Schlüssel entschlüsseln, ist also bestätigt, dass er der Besitzer des Geldes ist.\n[Quelle](https://www.investcrypto.net/p/bitcoin-funktionsweise-und-sicherheit)",
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      "body": "![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmZESan7X3Xgi4Vt2G171Fh31EuLADLkhGSBicsSPv4NeM/grafik.png)\nUm eine Währung anzunehmen, muss gerade bei Internet-Währungen das Vertrauen in die Währung sichergestellt werden. Dies wird durch eine komplexe Infrastruktur geleistet, die im Kern auf Kryptologie und mathematische Algorithmen basiert.Die herkömmliche Abwicklung beim Warenerwerb ist jedem bekannt: Wenn man z.B. einen Kaffee kaufen will, tauscht man eigentlich nur Güter aus. Der Kunde muss Geld in Form von Papier zahlen, im Gegenzug erhält er einen Kaffee vom Verkäufer. Der Verkäufer geht davon aus, dass er sich mit dem Geld später auch etwas im Wert von seinem Kaffee kaufen kann. Dies kann er aber nur, wenn das Geld echt ist. Beim Verkauf sieht der Verkäufer, dass der Geldschein aus der Geldbörse des Käufers stammt, dieser also der rechtmäßige Inhaber ist. Die Echtheit des Scheins wird zum einen dadurch legitimiert, dass er aussieht wie ein Geldschein, zum anderen kann der Verkäufer ihn durch einheitliche Sicherheitsmerkmaleüberprüfen. Das Problem bei einer digitalen Währung ist nun, dass man exakte Kopien eines digitalen Gegenstands erstellen kann. So kann es also eine unendliche Anzahl an Kopien geben und keiner weiß, wer der rechtmäßige Besitzer ist.Hier kommt die Kryptographie ins Spiel. Um das Besitzer-Problem zu lösen, nutzt man die Public-Key-Kryptographie. Mithilfe dieser Methode kann man eindeutige Besitzer feststellen. Ein Nutzer erhält zwei Schlüssel, einen privaten und einen öffentlichen. Verschlüsselt man nun etwas mit dem privaten Schlüssel, so kann man es mit dem dazugehörigen öffentlichen Schlüssel entschlüsseln. Das gleiche Verfahren funktioniert auch umgekehrt. Bei Bitcoin wird das Prinzip der digitalen Signatur verwendet, was einer Unterschrift entspricht. Der Besitzer des Geldes verschlüsselt sein Geld also mit seinem privaten Schlüssel. Lässt sich das mit seinem öffentlichen Schlüssel entschlüsseln, ist also bestätigt, dass er der Besitzer des Geldes ist.\n[Quelle](https://www.investcrypto.net/p/bitcoin-funktionsweise-und-sicherheit)",
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