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      "body": "Congratulations @iost! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@iost/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@iost) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=iost)_</sub>\n\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
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      "body": "Congratulations @iost! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@iost/birthday1.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 1 year!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_[Click here to view your Board](https://steemitboard.com/@iost)_</sub>\n\n\n> Support [SteemitBoard's project](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)! **[Vote for its witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1)** and **get one more award**!",
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      "body": "The Shin-tomi sanatorium in Tokyo uses 20 different models to take care of the boarding staff. Here, robots are free to come and go.\n\nThe Japanese government wants to harness the expertise of the country's robotics sector to cope with the demographic crisis, with the ageing population growing and the workforce shrinking. In general, people think that caring for the elderly requires people to do it themselves. So, for Westerners, the idea of having robots take care of old people is shocking.\n\nHowever, many Japanese think this is good, largely because the Japanese media portrayed robots are always friendly and capable. \"These robots are amazing. \"Kazuko Yamada, 84, said after attending a training course at SoftBank Robotics Corp Pepper. Pepper can say a predetermined dialogue. \"In recent years, many people have lived alone, but robots can talk to them and make life more interesting.\"\n\n\"In the fast-growing road, the robots that care for the elderly still face many obstacles, such as high prices, security issues, and whether they are useful or usable.\"\n\nIn response, the Japanese government has been investing in caring for the elderly robot, so that 2025 years ago Japan lacked 380,000 skilled workers this crisis. Although the Japanese government has tried to make foreign workers look after the elderly, employment barriers, including Japanese exams, have not been eliminated within the industry.\n\nAt the end of 2017, only 18 foreigners received a convalescent certificate, which was issued as early as 2016.\n\nIn addition, Japanese authorities and companies are pinning their hopes on a more important trophy-a lucrative export industry that supplies robots to countries such as Germany, China and Italy, which face or face similar demographic challenges. \"This is an opportunity for us,\" said Atsushi Yasuda, director of Robotics policy at Japan's Ministry of Economic and Trade. Other countries will also follow this trend. Last year, more than 100 foreign teams from China, South Korea and the Netherlands visited the Shin-tomi sanatorium.\nSome of these products have been sold overseas: Panasonic is shipping machine beds that can turn into wheelchairs in Taiwan, and Paro has become a \"therapeutic animal\" in nearly 400 Danish nursing homes. The global market for minimal care for the elderly and handicapped robots is mostly sourced from Japanese manufacturers.\n\nAt present, the global market for such robots is still small-the International Robotics Federation data show that in 2016 its global market was only 19.2 million dollars. However, Japan's Ministry of Economic and Trade estimates that before 2035, the domestic robot industry will increase to 400 billion yen (3.8 billion U.S. dollars).\n\nBy then, One-third of the Japanese are elderly people over the age of 65. \"This is likely to be a huge market,\" says George Leeson, director of the Institute of Population Aging at Oxford University. Everyone is aware of the problem of the ageing population, and it is clear that robots are one of the solutions to the problem. \"To nurture the industry, the Japanese government is working on a two-pronged approach.\n\nSince 2015, the Ministry of Economic and Trade of Japan has provided a subsidy of 4.7 billion yen (USD 45 million) to promote the development of the industry. Japan's Labor Ministry is also taking the lead in promoting the development of robots. To introduce robots into 5,000 institutions nationwide, the Japanese Labor ministry has spent 5.2 billion trillion yen (50 million dollars) by March this year.\n\nHowever, there is no government data showing the number of infirmaries using robots. At the same time, government officials stress that robots will not completely replace caregivers. Yasuda, of Japan's Ministry of Economic and Trade, said: \"They can use power, mobility and operability to help, but they cannot replace human beings, can only save time and human costs.\" If workers have more time, they can do other things.\n\"Is that a robot?\" Most of these devices do not have the usual image of robots.\n\nAccording to the government's definition, each device has three major components-sensors, central processing units, engines or equipment. Panasonic used government help to develop resyone beds. This kind of bed can be divided into two, half of which can become wheelchair use. The Cyberdyne Company's HAL, the hybrid auxiliary limb, is a powered back support system that can help the worker in the nurse. People who need to regain their walking ability can catch the tree and train.\n\nThe tree, made by unlisted Reif, can crawl on the ground, instructing the user to move on to the next step and helping users maintain a balance. In nearly 500 Japanese nursing homes, SoftBank's pepper is used for entertainment, daily exercise and initial communication. However, Shohei Fujiwara, manager of the internet group SoftBank Robotics Corp. 's SoftBank Robotics, says some workers think pepper is difficult to set.\nThey want Pepper to respond to voice commands and move independently-which is exactly what SoftBank wants to introduce this year.\n\nExpensive solutions cute, furry and responsive Paro in response to the touch, conversation, and light, they move their heads, blink and play the sounds of Canadian Greenland seals. The first time I kissed it, it moved, and it was lovely, like a living seal. \"Saki Sakamoto, a 79-year-old man from Shin-tomi Sanatorium, said. \"Once I touched it, I put it down.\" Takanori Shibata, a researcher and Paro investor at the National Institute of Advanced Industry and Technology, said Paro's research and development took 10 years and received nearly 20 million dollars in government support.\n\nNow, 5,000 Paro are being put into use globally, of which 3,000 are in Japan. But, like most robots, the price of Paro is very expensive: in Japan and Europe the price is 400,000 yen (3800 USD) and 5000 euros respectively.\n\nIn addition, Panasonic's Resyone bed is priced at 900,000 yen (8600 USD), while the Cyberdyne's HAL exoskeleton has a monthly rent of 100,000 yen (950 USD). Most robots, including Shin-tomi, use local and central government subsidies to pay for their costs.\n\nIndividuals can also use care insurance to buy government-approved products, but the number of products granted is extremely limited. So far, robots have not lowered the cost of Shin-tomi sanatorium staff or the length of their work. \"We haven't come that far. \"Kimiya Ishikawa, President and CEO of Silverwing Social Welfare company operating Shin-tomi Sanatorium, said. \"We have introduced these robots primarily to improve the working environment, protect employees from harm and make nursing homes safer,\" he said. He says the Shin-tomi sanatorium is only improving the spirit of the staff and the accommodation staff: \"The staff can feel the spirit of the gas set, the accommodation staff can feel dependent.\" ”",
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      "body": "This week the total market value of the encrypted currency amounted to $326.9 billion trillion, rebounding 12.68%.\n\nAfter a sharp fall in the two week after a small rebound this week, the main currency amplitude narrowed, the volume of transactions continued to shrink. This week, the encrypted currency rebounded slightly, each currency differentiated, small currency market share rebounded sharply, some currencies rose more than 200%.\n\nAs of Sunday, BTC accounted for 44.08% of the total market capitalisation, last week was 44.27%, a slight adjustment this week; ETH accounted for 15.61%, the same period last week accounted for 17.17%, continued to shrink; other currencies rose from 17.33% to 19.77%, while small-currency shares rebounded sharply.\n\nGitHub code activity: In the past week BTC ranked 25th up 2, ETH ranked 40th down 2, XRP ranked 98th down 4, LTC ranked 152th up 1. The two-day G20 summit finally March 19 at the closing, issued on the encrypted currency bulletin, the communiqué stressed the risk of currency encryption, countries have expressed their stance on the regulation of encrypted currency, but because of the divergence, the final G20 did not explicitly put forward on the issue of specific regulatory measures. Affected by this incident, the price of Bitcoin trading has risen.\n\nHot spots this week: G20 Final communiqué: implementation of the FATF standards, July to come up with regulatory advice.\n\nJapan's Financial Services department issued a letter warning currency Ann, Changpeng Zhao said \"No need to worry\", fought in Malta. IBM Block chain owner: The first central bank digital currency soon issued.\n\nThe total market value of the digital currency  \nMarch 25, 2018 18:00, the total market value of the encrypted currency amounted to 326.9 billion U.S. dollars, the same period last week 290.1 billion dollars, rebounded 12.68%. A small rebound this week after a sharp fall in two weeks.\n\nThe GBI index rebounded.\n\nThis Sunday GBI index 10,570, the same period last week 9,689, or 881, the chain Rose 9.09%, weaker than the overall increase.\n\nThis week, the encrypted currency rebounded, each currency differentiated, small currency market share rebounded sharply, some small currency rose greatly.\n\nAs of Sunday, BTC accounted for 44.08% of the total market capitalisation, last week was 44.27%, a slight adjustment this week; ETH accounted for 15.61%, the same period last week accounted for 17.17%, continued to shrink; other currencies rose from 17.33% to 19.77%, while small-currency shares rebounded sharply.\nNumber of currency user addresses: Bitcoin wallet week new users only 120,000 this week, an increase of 0.51% this week, the growth rate continued to decline; Ethernet wallet users this week added 530,000 users, the chain growth of 1.82%, the growth rate continued to decline. GitHub code Update Comparison: In the past 3 months, GitHub code activity ranked the first three respectively: Lisk, Komodo, EOS, the past week, BTC ranked 25th up 2, ETC ranked 38th up 12, ETH ranked 40th down 2, X\n\nRP ranked 98th down 4, LTC ranked 152th up 1. BTC this week the highest price of 9,177 U.S. dollars, the lowest price of 8,182 U.S. dollars, amplitude 12.85%, the amplitude significantly reduced. Sunday 18:00 closing price of 8,567 U.S. dollars, the same period last week, the value of 7,746 U.S. dollars, the chain rose 821 U.S. dollars, or 10.59%;\n\nRelated news: U.S. credit rating Weiss ratings recently raised the Bitcoin rating to B-c+. ETH this week price range oscillation, the highest price within the week 589 U.S. dollars, the lowest price of 512 U.S. dollars, amplitude 15%, the amplitude significantly reduced.\n\nETH Sunday 18:00 for 521 U.S. dollars, the same period in Sunday 513 U.S. dollars, the chain rose 8 U.S. dollars, or 1.56%, the increase is significantly less than the market average; this week, the daily turnover of 1.6 billion U.S. dollars, last week 1.7 billion U.S. dollars, the chain down 5.88%, continued to create a new low in December. BCH this week the highest price of 1,082 U.S. dollars, the lowest price of 915 U.S. dollars, amplitude 18.5%, amplitude reduction.\n\nAs of Sunday 18:00 price of 981 U.S. dollars, the same period in Sunday the same price of 901 U.S. dollars, the chain rose 80 U.S. dollars, or 8.88%; this week's daily turnover of 350 million U.S. dollars, last week 420 million U.S. dollars, the chain down 16.67%, the deal continues to shrink. LTC this week the highest price of 175 U.S. dollars, the lowest price of 151 U.S. dollars, amplitude 16.55%, amplitude reduction.\n\nAs of Sunday 18:00 price of 159 U.S. dollars, the same period in Sunday the same price of 145 U.S. dollars, the chain rose 14 U.S. dollars, or 9.66%; this week's daily turnover of 395 million U.S. dollars, last week 500 million U.S. dollars, the chain down 21%, the turnover continues to shrink sharply. Ripple this week, the highest value of 0.749 U.S. dollars, a minimum of 0.625 U.S. dollars, amplitude 20.67%, amplitude reduction. This Sunday 18:00 price of 0.638 U.S. dollars, the same period in Sunday the same price of 0.6 U.S. dollars, the chain rose 0.038 U.S. dollars, or 6.33%, a small rise, weaker than the trend; this week, the daily average turnover of 557 million U.S. dollars, 535 million dollars in Sunday, the deal to keep the low volume.\n\nRelated news: Ripple issued a notice said: Bitbay will support XRP. A week of industry highlights review Currency: G20 Final communiqué: implementation of the FATF standards, July issued regulatory recommendations \"regulation\" G20 Final communiqué: the implementation of the FATF standards, the July regulatory recommendations G20 in the final communiqué issued in Argentina, said that the encryption of assets in a technical innovation, in favor of comprehensive Improve the efficiency and inclusiveness of the financial system and economy, on the other hand, lack of key attributes of the sovereign currency, or financial stability problems in certain circumstances. The communiqué promised to implement the FATF standards for the encryption of assets, and called on International standard-setting bodies SSBs to continue to monitor cryptographic assets and their risks.\n\nTo consult with other international standard-setting bodies, including CPMI and IOSCO, and the Financial Action Task Force (FATF), to provide very concrete and effective regulatory advice in July 2018. \"Exchange\" Japan's financial department issued a letter warning currency Ann; Changpeng Zhao said \"No need to worry\" Japan's financial office issued a letter warning, unregistered but through the network to Japanese residents to provide virtual currency trading business. Japan's regulatory policy stipulates that for businesses that have been identified as unregistered and are not registered for virtual currency transactions, if they are found to be intentional, their operations will be cancelled for reasons of protection, with written warnings. \"There is no need to worry,\" said Changpeng Zhao, CEO of the currency. In the long run, some bad news always turns out to be good news.\n\n\"and said that the lawyer has contacted the Japanese financial department to communicate, I believe they will find a solution.\" \"View\" Twitter CEO: Bitcoin will be the internet's only currency Twitter and Square's chief executive, Jack Dorsey, told the time interview: \"The world will eventually have a single currency, the internet will have a single currency, and I think it will be bitcoin.\"\n\nIt is rumored that Twitter will soon ban digital currency advertising after Facebook and Google, while Square is stepping up its interaction with bitcoin to roll out payment for all users. The rating agency, Weiss, recently raised its bit-currency rating to the US credit rating Weiss ratings recently raised its Bitcoin rating to B-c+ before the rating. In another recent article, Weiss also unveiled 12 digital currencies that are not suitable for investment. Among them: Comet, Megacoin, Qwark, Salus get e rating, Expanse, Matchpool, Novacoin is E-class, Electroneum is E+,auroracoin, Guldencoin,\n\nPotcoin, Rise coin, etc. are D-class. \"Enterprise\" MasterCard pilot, which allows users to take out Bitcoin according to Financial Times, MasterCard Mastercard Asia-Pacific co-chairman Ari Sarker said the country could accept the use of the national currency of Central bank bank-issued issued in the future, As long as the regulatory authority endorses all regulatory requirements, it is not an anonymous currency. Sarker also said MasterCard was conducting a digital currency pilot project in Japan and Singapore, allowing some users to take Bitcoin from MasterCard. Source: Block123.com Chain: IBM block chain owner: The first central bank digital currency soon issued the \"government\" IBM block chain in charge: The first central bank digital currency soon released according to Ethnews reported that the IBM block chain leader Jesse Lund revealed that the company has been with a few\n\n\n\n\nCentral bank to collaborate on a digital currency project and said it would soon issue a central bank digital currency CBDC, but Jesse declined to say which countries or countries ' central banks might issue CBDC and explained that he was not qualified to talk about clients. \"Enterprise\" Huawei Cloud announced to build a block chain open platform Huawei announced its foray into the block chain at the 2018 China Eco-Partners Conference to build an open platform for block chains. Preferred to enter the field of mutual assistance community, the release of the block chain technology applications of mutual aid-disorientation mutual assistance.\n\nIn accordance with the principle of multi-party participation, the Mutual assistance invitation includes \"Business Platform, Public Assessment agency, fund custodian, third party payment platform, regulatory agency\" and so on to form a mutual aid alliance. \"Enterprise\" Beijing East Publishing block chain Technology white Paper today, the Beijing East group released the \"Jingdong Block chain Technology White Paper (2018)\", the white paper shows that Jingdong will use block chain technology in the following 6 scenarios: Supply chain, network security, credit integration, public service, Government Area, finance.\n\n\n\nAt the same time, it is pointed out that the goal is to build a block chain infrastructure for enterprise application, which provides a block chain technology solution for the enterprise to solve the problems of system performance, function completeness, system expansibility, supervision audit support and usability. \"Technology\" Blockstream launched Lightning Network application Block chain company Blockstream tweets announced the launch of the second Lightning App, the current open source blog software and Content management system WordPress has been deployed. This means that users can use the Lightning Network payment channel on the Web page to give the content creator a bit of a reward. In addition, some netizens yesterday said that the successful use of the application in WordPress to play reward original author. Blockstream previously launched a micro-payment system for the Lightning network lightining Charge.",
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      "body": "Q: What is a block chain?\nA: a block chain (blockchain) is a technical scheme for collectively maintaining a reliable database by centering and trusting. In layman's terms, block-chain technology refers to a way for people to participate in bookkeeping. There is a database behind all the systems, and you can think of the database as a big ledger. Then it becomes important to remember the ledger. At present is who's system who to account, micro-letter is Tencent in the ledger, Taobao's ledger is Ali in mind. But now in the block chain system, everyone in the system can have the opportunity to participate in bookkeeping. If there is any data change within a certain period of time, everyone in the system can be accounted for, the system will judge this time the fastest book the best person, the contents of his records written to the ledger, and this time the book content to all the other people in the system to backup. So everyone in the system has a complete ledger.\n\nIn this way, we call it the block chain technology.\nQ: What are the benefits of such a National Journal block chain? A: It can be found that this is a great security at the expense of a little efficiency. First of all, there is no central Big book, so can not be destroyed. Each node is just a part of the system, and each node has equal rights, with an identical ledger. Destroying some of the nodes has no effect on the system at all. Second, you can't cheat, because unless you can control most people's computers in the system to make changes, the system will decide what the real results are based on the majority's opinion, and the result will be that it doesn't make sense to revise your own books (because people don't admit it). Second, because there is no central intermediary agencies exist, so that all things through the pre-set procedures for automatic operation, not only can greatly reduce costs, but also improve efficiency.\n\nAnd since everyone has the same ledger, it ensures that the bookkeeping process is open and transparent.\nQ: Does the block chain solve any problems? A: The most important thing in the block chain is to solve the intermediary credit problem. In the past, it was difficult for two of people who did not know and trust to work together, and had to rely on third parties. such as payment behavior, in the past any kind of transfer, must have a bank or alipay such institutions exist. But through the block-chain technology, Bitcoin is the first time for mankind to achieve mutual trust between the two parties without the participation of any intermediary agencies.\n\nThis is a major breakthrough in the block chain. Q: Is the chunk chain a bit currency?\nOr is bitcoin the block chain? A: block-chain technology is the underlying technology of Bitcoin, and not many people noticed the underlying technology of Bitcoin in the early days. But when Bitcoin was operating and managed without any central organization, it worked very stably over the years and had no problems. So many people note that the underlying technology may have a very large mechanism, and not only can be used in Bitcoin, perhaps in many areas can be applied to this technology. So the bit-currency technology abstraction, called Block chain technology, or distributed ledger technology.\n\nSo from a certain point of view, Bitcoin can be seen as the first application of block chain, and the block chain is more similar to TCP/IP as the underlying technology, will be extended to more and more industries.\nQ: Block chain technology can be used mainly in which industries? A: The main advantage of the block chain is the need for intermediary participation, process efficiency and transparency, low cost and high data security.\n\nSo if there are any one demand in these three areas, there is a chance to use block chain technology. Q: Why use block chain technology in the financial sector?\nWhat are the substantial benefits?\nA: Block chain technology in the financial field of the main advantages to mediate and greatly reduce costs. Firstly, in order to prevent single point of failure and systemic risk, the financial industry needs to carry out layer audit to control financial risk, but it also causes high internal cost. And as a result of increasing regulations, especially the 2008 financial crisis, which led to a rise in the threshold of financial regulation, the scope and depth of anti-money-laundering and counter-terrorism financing that led to the war on terrorism have led to an increase in the regulatory costs of the entire financial system. In this case, block-chain technology can greatly reduce the cost of the whole financial system through tamper-proof and high transparency. According to a report issued by Santander, Spain's largest bank, about 2020 years or so, if block-chain technology is used within the world's banks, it could cost about $20 billion a year.\nSuch data are sufficient to illustrate the huge changes and breakthroughs that the \"block chain\" has brought to the traditional financial sector. In addition, due to historical reasons, traditional financial institutions in the settlement and liquidation of the central clearing House to complete, and the resulting problem is inefficient. The traditional Cross-border settlement is due to the adoption of institutions like Swift, so cross-border wire transfers are often calculated on a per-day basis. However, when using block-chain technology, Bitcoin has been running perfectly for seven years without any centralized operation, and has not only been able to realize real-time settlement and liquidation, but has not seen any accounting errors.\n\nTherefore, if all financial systems can achieve the centralized clearing and clearing, not only will greatly improve the global financial efficiency, and thus can change the global financial structure.\nQ: What is Bitcoin's \"mining\"? A: The \"digging\" in Bitcoin is actually the process of bookkeeping, the operation of bitcoin uses a mechanism called \"work proof (Proof of Work,pow)\", in order to find out who has more powerful computing power, each time a math problem, only the fastest way to solve the problem of the computer can be accounted for. And the computer that grabs the right to account will get a reward of 25 Bitcoin.\n\nThis behavior is often referred to as \"digging\", and the obtained bitcoin is regarded as a reward for successful mining.\nQ: Do all the block chains need to be dug? A: Not all block-chain projects will use a \"work proof\" approach like Bitcoin, which is more in the early block chain projects.\n\nIf other certification mechanisms are adopted, such as \"proof of interest\" (Proof of Stake,pos), and \"Share authorization mechanism (dpos,delegate Proof of Stake)\" are not required to take such a mining approach. Q: What is the relationship between block chains and large data?\nBlock chains replace large data? A: block chains and large data relationships are not very big. Large data is mainly for the management of massive data, and the core of the block chain is to achieve high security and high reliability of data without centralized intermediary.\n\nTherefore, the block chain and large data does not conflict with each other, and will not be replaced, completely in the face of different scenarios for the data of different solutions. Q: What is the relationship between block chains and cloud cloud storage?\nIs the chunk chain cloud or cloud storage? A: cloud computing is often defined as providing dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources over the Internet, but the cloud computing platform is often a central institution. And the network of block chain is generally no specific mechanism, so the block chain is closer to the definition of distributed computing system, which belongs to a distributed computing. However, the block chain is able to achieve cloud storage, different from the current central to provide cloud storage space, the block chain has some provide to the centralized cloud storage solution.\n\nSuch projects include Storj,sia,maidsafe. Q: Is the block chain software?\nWhat program is written? A: Block chain is not a specific software, as the \"database\" This three words, it is a specific technology design idea. It can be implemented in most languages, and there are many ways to implement it.\n\nand the block chain technology is still in rapid development, relatively, the current block chain technology design idea is relatively simple, perhaps in the future will become increasingly complex. Q: What is a public link? What is a private chain?\nWhat is a union chain? A: The public chain is any node is open to anyone, everyone can participate in the block chain to participate in the calculation, and anyone can download access to complete block chain data (all ledger). But in some block-chain scenarios, you don't want anyone in the system to participate, anyone can view all the data, and only the licensed nodes can participate and view all the data.\nSo this block chain structure we call the private chain.\nAlliance chain refers to the right to participate in each node is completely equal, we do not need full trust in the case can realize the credibility of the exchange of data, R3 composed of the Bank block chain Alliance to build a typical alliance chain. However, with the rapid development of the block chain technology, the boundary between the public chain and the private chain will become blurred.\n\nBecause each node can have more complex read and write permissions, perhaps some of the permissions of the node will be developed to all, and the partial accounting or core permissions of the node can only open to the permitted node, it will no longer be a pure public chain or private chain.\nQ: The main problems in the development of block chain technology at present? A: At present, the block chain technology is still in a very early stage, not only has not yet formed a unified technical standards, but also a variety of technical solutions in the rapid development. But it used to be thought that systems based on block-chain technology would be very expensive (similar to bitcoin), or that the system of block-chain technology could handle the data with limited technology.\nHowever, the scalability of block chain technology has not been tested by large-scale practice, and now mainly in the prototype design stage. The financial industry will remain relatively cautious in the short term without quantitative analysis of the real benefits that can be brought to us by using block-chain technology, including the amount of money that can be saved and the value created. After all, with more than trillions of of global financial infrastructure in place, there is a need for real data to build a new financial architecture and underlying operating systems. It is difficult to determine the total amount that can be saved if the existing technology is not yet deployed and the use case is available.\nSo far, there is a big question of how much money is needed to build a strong enough block chain to deal with the trillions of dollars that the capital market ecosystem needs to face every day. In addition, block chain industry is extremely lack of talent, lack of a large number of both to understand the block chain technology, but also understand the financial aspects of talent, the market is desperately looking for can connect two of the world's talent, need to be able to in the real world, the block chain technology can be realized in the capital\n\nAnd the need to build a new system based on block chain technology, it is necessary for such a cross-border talent.\nQ: What is a smart contract? A: Smart contracts are contracts that use computer language instead of legal language to record terms. Intelligent contracts can be performed automatically by a single computing system. If the block chain is a database, the intelligent contract is the application layer that can make the block chain technology apply to the reality. Contracts in the traditional sense are generally not directly related to the computer code that performs the contract content. Paper contracts are archived in most cases, and the software executes the contract terms written in the form of computer code.\n\nThe potential benefits of smart contracts include lower costs for contracts, enforcement and regulation, and therefore, for many low-value trading contracts, this is a significant reduction in human costs.\nQ: How does a smart contract work? A: If the central bank is able to issue fiat money through a block chain, then it can also be embedded in the act of Fiat by the smart contract technology, which can be referred to as a \"programmable currency\". For example, if the central bank designates a certain amount of money to be issued to an agriculture-related account, then the funds can be written to the appropriate procedures to designate that part of the funds can only be entered into the agricultural-related accounts, then this part of the funds in any case can not be diverted to other accounts.\n\nIf most currencies become \"programmable currencies\", then we can imagine that their financial environment becomes \"programmable finance\".\nQ: What does a block chain have to do with ordinary people? A: Basically, it doesn't matter, unless you're going to start a business in this area.\n\nWith the TCP/IP protocol and the relationship between ordinary people, the average person does not need to know what is the Internet at the bottom of the TCP/IP protocol, as long as the Internet to enjoy the services provided on the line.\nQ: Does the block chain project necessarily need to have some kind of currency to appear? Answer: No. The bitcoin itself is a payment system, so it needs to have a value metric tool, so there must be a bitcoin to appear. In addition, in order to reward more people willing to contribute their own computer to provide computing for the system, so need to have bitcoin to reward.\n\nAnd in some private chain of systems, you can design specialized assets for trading, and each node must participate in the calculation, which is their responsibility and their rights, so do not consider rewarding them to participate, so in such a system may no longer need to design a kind of currency. Q: Who invented the block chain/bitcoin?\nIs it Japanese? A: Bitcoin was created by a self-proclaimed \"smart\" person or team, and was completely withdrawn from the project at the beginning of the Bitcoin project.\nThe possibility of a Japanese is very small, because his past emails can be used to measure that he should be a native speaker of English. In addition, the Bitcoin creator has absolutely no influence on the current Bitcoin project, so it is unlikely to be a product of a conspiracy.\n\nWhether or not the \"medium-smart\" will appear later, or be physically eliminated will not affect the Bitcoin has too much impact.\nQ: What is the difference between bitcoin and q? A: Q currency is a central electronic currency, including the total amount, the distribution is controlled by Tencent company. And the total amount of Bitcoin, distribution is by the program and encryption algorithm preset, in the world of multiple nodes running, no one and organizations can modify, not by any single person or organization to control. Q is generally called the electronic currency, or enterprise tokens.\n\nCall Bitcoin a digital currency or encrypt a digital currency. Q: Is there a limit on the amount of Bitcoin?\nHow is it distributed? A: As mentioned earlier, miners ' participation in the struggle for bookkeeping is an opportunity to be rewarded. At the beginning it was every 10 minutes that the system would reward the fastest and the best 50 Bitcoin, and then the 50 would halve every four years, and there would be no new Bitcoin in almost 2140, and it would reach 21 million caps. After that, the miners will be rewarded with transaction fees.",
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      "body": "Abstract\n\n\nBoth market capitalisation and trading volumes have fallen sharply this week, narrowing slightly from last week. On March 18, the total market value of the 100 projects in the global block chain asset market was $2850.97 billion, down 17.69 percent from last week, with 64 projects falling more than 20 percent from last week's market value. Trading volume in 24h was down 10.61 per cent from the same period last week, and 10 projects were down more than 50 per cent. Cindicators and MinexCoin, which have been on a good performance this week, rose 9 and 11 respectively, all in the top 100. The Bitcoin price was $7720.85, down 12.03% from last week, and the Ethereum price was $519.96, down 24.35% from last week.\n\n\nThis week, the power and mining difficulties of bitcoins and Ethernet are growing. This week, the average value of the hash value of bitcoins is 24.97 EH/s, slightly up by 1.18%, and the average value of the whole network is 256.20 TH/ s, a small increase of 1.32% from the previous month. There has been a slight increase in the difficulty of mining this week in bitcoins and etheric, and forecasts will continue to grow next week. The proportion of BTC.com, the first in the pool, fell by 2.2 percentage points.\n\n\nThe market activity of both bitcoin and Ethernet has declined. The average number of transactions in each block this week fell 2.43 per cent compared with the previous month, and the number of verified nodes was up 0.3 per cent. The average number of transactions in the block of yitai square decreased by 2.87% compared with the previous month, and the number of verified nodes decreased slightly. In the github code, TRX is the most active, with 166cases this week. Both bitcoin and ittai's U.S. verification section still held the top spot, but both fell slightly.\n\n\nThis week new digital assets in the United States, block chain finance is the main application area. There are 98 digital asset projects completed this week. From the point of view of the country, it is the United States, Britain, Russia and Estonia. The areas with the largest number of new releases are block chain finance, followed by data services, payments, cultural entertainment, exchanges and health care.\n\n\n1. Weekly market review.\n\n\n1.1 general overview of the industry.\n\n\nThe average daily market value of the 100 blockchain assets in the first 100 blocks of market capitalization has dropped significantly, narrowing slightly compared with last week. According to coinmarketcap data, as of March 18, 2018, the global chain block assets before the market value of the total market value of $100 and $285.097 billion, a 17.69% reduction over the week, or clear, a total of 64 projects from last week's market capitalisation fell more than 20%, where the highest project for Dragonchain, was 40.94%, and the 69th item last week Byteball Bytes, fell 38.94% this week, no change for 86, lower ranked the most.\n\nOnly three of the 100 projects in the market value of the first 100 projects have a daily market value of more than last week, respectively, Binance Coin, VeChain and Aion, among which BNB has the highest market value, up 12.13%, and the market value is up two places, ranking 23rd. The second is Aion, which is up 7.71%, and the market value is up 15 places, ranking 50. There is also VeChain, which is up by 2.6%, and the market value is up one place, ranking 16th. In addition, the four assets of Ontology, Nucleus Vision, Cindicator and MinexCoin entered TOP100 this week. The first two were new projects, and they did well after launch, ranking 43 and 94 respectively. On March 18, the Bitcoin price was $7720.85, down 12.03% from last week, and the Ethereum price was $519.96, down 24.35% from last week.\n\n\n\n\nThe trading volume of 52 items in the first 100 blockchain assets of the market has declined in 24 hours. On March 18, 2018, 48 items in the first 100 block chain asset projects were up over the weekend, with 21 items up more than 50% and the highest Cindicator, up 1187.21%. On the whole, the increase of 24-hour trading volume and the number of projects has decreased slightly compared with last week. In the local view, the extreme plunge and inflation has been reduced, and the average is compared. Ten projects fell by more than 50%, the highest by Byteball Bytes, and by 91.12%. Overall, the 24h trading volume of TOP100 projects this weekend was down 10.61% from last week.\n\n\n\n\n1.2 performance of different categories of projects.\n\nCurrency projects were the biggest losers. As of March 18, 2018, global assets TOP100 block chain project, physical assets tokens project market capitalisation fell 1.8% last week, currency asset class and platform asset class total market value by 21.81% and 21.81% respectively from last week. In addition, the average market value of this week's platform projects was $3.064 billion, down 27.78% from last week, the biggest decline, followed by applications, with an average market value of 23.37%. The average market value of the real - asset class was reduced by 1.8%.\n\n\n\n\n\nGlobal block chain asset TOP100 project classification composition is stable. As of March 18, 2018, in the market value of the top 100 in the project, the number of a class project on Thursday than flat, platform add a class project, the decrease in the number of COINS class project 1, the others all remain the same. The largest share of the market is still in the currency category, accounting for 58.63 percent, up 3.63 percent from last week.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n2. Technical capability analysis.\n\n\n2.1 difficulty in the production of cryptocurrency and analysis of benefits.\n\nThis week the net is slightly up. On March 12, 2018, on March 18, 2018, the average value of the hash value of bitcoin was 24.97EH/s, an increase of 1.18% compared with last week.\n\nThis week, the average value of the hash-value of the whole network was 256.20 TH/S, which was up by 1.32% compared with last week, and it was 2229.09% higher than the lowest 11TH/S on July 20, 2015.\n\n\n\n\n\nMining difficulty continues to improve. On March 12, 2018, the average mining difficulty of bitcoin was 3.46T on March 18. BTC.com predicted that the mining difficulty of the next week would be 3.66T, up 5.83% from the previous month. The average mining difficulty was 3.21P, up 1.38% from the previous month.\n\n\n\n\nThe share of the pool was stable, with BTC.com accounting for just 2.2 percentage points. On March 12, 2018 to March 18, in the past week the currency cut out a piece of data for 1068, up 0.75% compared with last week, in which the top minmetals pool for BTC.com, AntPool, ViaBTC, SlushPool and BTC. Top, respectively 265, 171, 125, 119 and 87, 24.8%, 16.0%, 11.7%, 11.1%, and 11.7%, calculate the force were 6.20 EH EH/s/s, 4.00, 2.92, EH EH EH/s/s, 2.78 and 2.78 / s. The share of the mining pool has remained largely unchanged this week, with the share of BTC.com, the no. 1 spot, down 2.2 percentage points.\n\n\n\n\nThe bitcoin miners' fees fell, and the daily mining returns of the etherlands continued to fall for nearly nine weeks. On March 18, 2018, on March 18, 2018, the total cost of the whole network of bitcoins was 244.27BTC, down by 8.50% compared with last week. The average miner's cost this week was 1.84 per cent, down 8.92 per cent from last week.\n\nThe average daily mining return for this week was 20,350eth, down 0.73 percent from last week, and up 34.03% from 15183ETH on September 29, 2017, down 48.24% from the all-time high of 39316ETH on July 30, 2017. The daily mining returns of the etherlands are basically unchanged, with the recent nine weeks showing a slow decline.\n\n\n\n\n2.2 activity statistics.\n\nAverage trading volume and blockchain size in both bitcoin and etheric are down this week. According to blockchain.info, on March 18, 2018, the average number of transactions per block in the week was 1213.57, down 2.43 percent from last week. The average size of each block was 0.75Mbs, down 26.44% from last week.\n\nAccording to the etherchain data, the average number of transactions per block in this week was 113.27 times, down 2.87% from last week. The average size of the total network trading block was 20071.96bytes, which was 4.4 percent lower than last week, and 3389.55% higher than the lowest 575.2bytes on August 1, 2015, and 40.41% lower than the all-time high of 33683.8bytes on January 4, 2018.\n\n\n\n\nThe number of active miners is basically stable. On March 18, 2018, the number of active miners was 361, up 5.56% from the previous month. In recent weeks, the number of active miners has been basically stable.\n\n\n\n\nThe network verification node of bitcoins continues to rise, and the number of verified nodes in Ethernet is continuously decreasing. As of March 18, 2018, the currency validation node to 12108, and rose by 0.3% last week, the U.S. has 2699 nodes, accounted for 22.3%, China accounted for 17.8%, with 2155 nodes in Germany has 1975 nodes, accounted for 16.3%.\n\nThere are 5,507 nodes in the us, accounting for 34.02%. China has 1,878 nodes, accounting for 11.60%, and Russia has 960 nodes, accounting for 5.93%. In terms of the number of verification nodes, most of the nodes are distributed in countries such as the United States, China and Germany.\n\n\n\n\nTRX is the most active github code activity last week. On March 11, 2018, the activity of TRX in github code was the highest, reaching 166, which was down 31.4% from last week. NULS activity was followed by 123’s, up 24.24% from the previous month. The rest of the code includes EOS,KMD, and other activity levels, but NAS,GNT and other activities are in the decline stage.\n\n\n\n\n\nBlock chain news for a week.\n\n\n3.1 industry application\n\n\n1. Canada's mainstream Banks have applied for patents in the credit scoring platform using block chain technology.\n\nIn the fall, royal bank of Canada (RBC) applied for a patent for a credit scoring platform using block chain technology, according to a patent filing issued by the U.S. patent and trademark office on March 15. Using the distributed ledger technology described in the patent, the customer will \"be notified when a third party credit check occurs or when the credit score changes.\" For example, consumers receive credit warnings if they do not pay their bills and have a negative impact on their credit score. With the block chain credit rating platform, all the data used to determine the credit score can be visualized, thus \"giving the borrower credit knowledge\". The patent also points out that credit scoring platforms will be able to receive credit data from more sources than traditional credit bureaus.\n\nNews source: https://cointelegraph.com/news/major-canadian-bank-files-patent-to-make-credit-scores-transparent-via-blockchain\n\n\nChina meteorological administration: the United Nations USES block chain technology to deal with climate change.\n\nIn January 2018, as using block chain technology to support for climate action, the United Nations framework convention on climate change (unfccc) secretariat initiated and contributed to the establishment of the \"climate chain alliance\", the alliance purpose and implementation of the Paris agreement is consistent with the long-term goal, is committed to using block chain technology to put forward a better solution to climate change. Block chain technology help improve the participation of stakeholders and transparency, and help to establish a trust mechanism in response to climate change, to provide more innovative solutions, thereby strengthening climate action. Because of the distributed network attribute of block chain, it can prevent monopolistic control of the system and improve the management efficiency in the joint action of human to cope with climate change. The technology records transactions are always open, ensuring transparency and traceability.\n\nNews source: https://www.cma.gov.cn/2011xwzx/2011xqxkj/qxkjgjqy/201803/t20180315_464181.html\n\n\n\n3. Pricewaterhousecoopers launched the block chain analysis tool to track the circulation of the COINS.\n\nPricewaterhousecoopers announced that it is currently testing a blockchain analysis tool designed to track the circulation of tokens. Pricewaterhousecoopers said the software would help scrip issue companies to prevent illegal misuse of tokens. The new analysis tool will allow currency issuers to track the circulation of their tokens and to allow them to take measures to prevent them from being used in illegal transactions.\n\nNews source: https://news.bitcoin.com/pwc-reveals-blockchain-analytics-tool-tracking - tokens /\n\n\n\nJapan's third largest power supplier tested bitcoin payments via the lightning network.\n\nJapan chu cloth, Chubu electric power company has with the local currency and Internet startup Nayuta has launched a proof of concept of cooperation, to explore how to use the lightning network (a promise is developing can help the currency user transaction cost cuts protocol) to pay COINS. The test is the company of COINS how to meet the demand of the Internet of things \"market research\" part, but he says the company has not yet formally plan to accept customer's lightning online payment.\n\nNews source: https://www.coindesk.com/japans-third-largest-electric-provider-testing-bitcoin-lightning/\n\n5. DHL and accenture jointly launched the block chain model for dealing with drug tampering.\n\nDHL, the logistics giant, announced a partnership with accenture to create a supply chain model based on the blockchain on March 12. According to the report, DHL and accenture have created a serialized model based on blockchain that tracks the entire supply chain of drugs in six geographic regions. The classification of these drugs can be Shared with stakeholders, including manufacturers, warehouses, distributors, pharmacies, hospitals and doctors. Lab models show that the blockchain can handle more than 7 billion unique serial Numbers and 1500 transactions per second. By using the untamperability inherent in the blockchain technology, great progress can be made in highlighting tampering, reducing the risk of counterfeiting and saving lives.\n\nNews source: https://cointelegraph.com/news/dhl-accenture-reveal-blockchain-prototype-to-tackle-pharmaceutical-tampering\n\n\n3.2 international policy\n\n\n1. The French regulator has proposed a new authorization system, which is recognized as a legal means of investment.\n\nThe French economy and finance ministry have confirmed that the regulatory framework proposed by the AMF will be recognized as a legitimate investment vehicle. The department noted that preliminary consultations with stakeholders and groups were necessary. The new regulatory framework proposed by the AMF will establish a licensing system where issuers will obtain operating licenses from AMF. According to the AMF, no license is prohibited. On the contrary, it means that issuers have to provide investors with specific guarantees on the use of funds raised.\n\nNews source: https://cointelegraph.com/news/french-financial-regulator-to-introduce-framework-legitimizing-s-in-policy-u-turn\n\n\n2. The blockchain and cryptocurrency are first written to the U.S. congress economic report: 2017 is the year of cryptographic currency.\n\nThe joint economic report for 2018 - used to assess the state of the U.S. economy and to make recommendations for the New Year. It is worth noting that an entire section of this year's report mentions cryptocurrency and blockchain. The authors suggest that lawmakers and the public get familiar with cryptocurrency and the underlying blockchain technology as soon as possible because it will be widely used in the future. Policymakers, regulators and entrepreneurs should work together to ensure that developers can deploy this kind of new block chain technology as soon as possible, at the same time to protect the American people from fraud, theft and abuse, and shall abide by relevant laws and regulations. Report added, \"regulators should continue to coordinate with each other, in order to ensure the consistency of the policy framework, definition and scope of the jurisdiction of the,\" thought the government agencies \"at all levels should be considered and examined the new USES of this technology.\"\n\nNews source: https://www.coindesk.com/crypto-featured-first-time-us-congress-economic-report/\n\n\n3. Thailand has approved a draft code of currency regulation to tax encrypted currency traders.\n\nThailand's cabinet approved two major royal decrees designed to regulate cryptocurrency trading and impose a tax on the capital gains of investors who encrypt money. The proposed law is not intended to ban encrypted money and its associated use, nor to ban s, primarily to protect users who invest in cryptocurrencies. These draft by the ministry of finance, the bank of Thailand, the United States securities and exchange commission and the office of anti-money laundering in countries such as formal review and discussion of the financial sector, signed by the cabinet as early as next week.\n\nNews source: https://www.ccn.com/thailand-begins-legal-process-regulate-tax-cryptocurrency/\n\n\n4. Japan and Germany will jointly call for the adoption of international regulations on bitcoin anti-money laundering through the G20.\n\nJapan, France and Germany will join a joint proposal calling for strict regulation of the cryptocurrency market. In addition to protecting consumer rights, the proposals are said to focus on money-laundering and terrorism prevention. In addition, Banks are not allowed to hold encrypted currencies.\n\nNews source: https://bitcoinist.com/japan-france-germany-g20-regulate-bitcoin/\n\n\n5. The government of Ukraine legalized the mining of cryptographic money and brought it into the category of economic activities.\n\nThe government in Kiev has taken concrete steps to legalize the use of cryptocurrency mining. Ukraine's economy minister has asked multiple government agencies, agencies and national Banks to prepare the necessary documents to register domestic mining as economic activity. The ministry of economic affairs, the ministry of finance, the ministry of justice, the department of energy, and the agencies responsible for the electronic government and Ukraine's statistical services will draft documents to modify the registration process. Legalizing the mining industry will also reduce the loss of high-quality IT talent and ease the pressure on the domestic cryptocurrency community.\n\nNews source: https://news.bitcoin.com/ukraine-to-legalize-crypto-mining-as-economic-activity/\n\n\n6. Dutch finance minister: international cooperation on cryptocurrency regulation is imminent.\n\nDutch finance minister Wopke Hoekstra has informed the senate and the house of representatives, he plans to encryption monetary regulatory action, he claimed that the plan is expanding, because of the need to better regulation of encryption currency. Hoekstra will join the financial action working group, which will focus on combating money laundering and combating the financing of crime and terrorism through international cooperation. It also means that financial institutions should do their due diligence, including identification of customer identities. In addition, financial institutions must register to comply with the requirements of reliability and report abnormal transactions to the national financial intelligence service. He said he would work on ways to regulate Europe, pointing out that it could be used to finance new products, but that the financing was essentially speculative. He will also look for ways to deal with derivatives, such as futures and binary options.\n\nNews source: https://www.ccn.com/dutch-finance-minister-urges-multi-national-regulation-of-cryptocurrencies/\n\n\n7. The Singapore monetary authority: the technology is not guilty, encryption tokens can be currency.\n\nAt this year's Money2020 conference, the head of Singapore's monetary authority issued a view on cryptocurrencies. The monetary authority of Singapore chose not to regulate encryption tokens directly. The hkma will keep a close eye on activities related to cryptographic tokens, different risk assessment of this kind of activity, the hkma is considering reasonable regulatory response at the same time, must ensure that will not affect innovation. In the field of cryptocurrency, the important risk of the hkma is financial stability, money laundering, investor protection and market mechanism. Regulators and cryptocurrency industries must work together to ensure that bad currencies do not take root. The birth of a new generation of cryptographic tokens, using the potential of blockchain technology for the benefit of society, also reduces the risk of today's tokens.\n\nNews source: https://www.8btc.com/mas-crypto-token.\n\n\n8. The us hearings are again in discussions with cryptocurrencies.\n\nCapital markets, securities and investment, the United States congress held subcommittee hearings, its currency, as well as the existing regulatory framework to discuss encryption will be enough to protect investors. In the hearing of a speech including academic experts and encryption monetary industry representatives, is the main point of the MPS Huizenga, regulators must clear the legal status of encryption assets, in helping entrepreneurs to innovate at the same time ensure related processes comply with the provisions of the federal law. The hearing will create a regulatory and operational nightmare for lawmakers in the emerging area of encryption assets, especially.\n\nNews source: https://www.ccn.com/productions-debates-s-cryptocurrency-regulation-in-and-subommittee-hearing/.\n\n\n9. The European commission: no means has been taken to track the cryptocurrency mining activities, since it is not an illegal activity.\n\nAccording to the European economic and social committee number maria, Gabriel (Mariya Gabriel), the European commission has confirmed are paying attention caused by encryption monetary mining related issues brought by the power consumption increases. The statement said there was no legal basis to ban or restrict energy consumption within the eu. Cryptocurrency mining can bring high valuations to cryptocurrencies. Increasing power consumption and costs could increase the value of cryptocurrencies and slow the growing market demand. It is critical that many blockchain technologies have promising applications that do not have huge demand for electricity.\n\nNews source: https://www.8btc.com/european-commission-watching-energy\n\n\n3.3 technical progress\n\n\n1. Intel applied for digital copyright patent under block chain technology.\n\nIntel recently filed a patent with the U.S. patent and trademark office, saying it found a way to download, edit and store digital images using the block chain. Intel said the patent could be used to assist in recording and verifying digital content related to copyright protection, such as when the content was created and the content was duplicated and modified.\n\nNews source: https://www.sohu.com/a/225828892_115060\n\n\n2. The lightning network launched the test version LND 0.4.\n\nThe lightning network tweeted that the first test version of LND 0.4 was launched. At present, LND 0.4 supports the operation of Bitcoin Core client and realizes the coordination of funds through smart contracts; The old P2PKH address is not supported by the segwit format only. The future will be further realized: 1. Guarantee the fund security of lightning network users through backup and monitoring of invalid channel transactions; 2. Atomic multi-path payment allows large lightning network transactions to be divided into a series of small transactions; 3. Launch desktop and mobile applications; 4. Publish routing node tools and documents; 5. Carry out atomic level cross - chain exchange with cryptographic assets such as leiter.\n\nNews source: https://blog.lightning.engineering/announcement/2018/03/15/lnd-beta.html\n\n\n\n\n4. This week's new digital asset project.\n\n\n\nA total of 98 new digital assets were completed this week. From the national perspective, 69 asset projects collect national information, and the countries with the largest number of projects are the United States, Britain, Russia and Estonia. Among them, the United States has 18 projects, accounting for 26.0%. Second, Britain, Russia and Estonia have six, five and five respectively, accounting for 8.7%, 7.2% and 7%, and 49% of the remaining 19 countries or regions. From the perspective of project type, 78 asset projects have a clear classification, and the largest asset class is block chain finance, including 31, accounting for 39.7%, and the largest number of existing projects. Next came data services, payments, cultural entertainment, exchanges and health care, accounting for 12.8%, 11.5%, 8.9%, 5.1%, 3.8%, and the rest accounted for less than 3%. In general, this week's new digital assets project countries are widely distributed, but still more concentrated in the United States; The project type is mainly applied, and block chain finance is the main application field.\n(Reference to network)",
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      "body": "What about the ICO now -- the 2017 ICO overview?\n\n\npreface\n\nICO market in 2017 savage growth seen by chaos, a few money one hundred times return on the demonstration effect, the ICO quickly hot even broke up, at that time the market could come from gathers and XiJian inverse shoe, from shows that spread to the spooky:, finally drew transmission regulation. Admittedly, ICO popular and chain blocks the development of technology, it promotes the innovation in the field, and accelerate the influence today's world, but there's little doubt that more bubbles are in the process of the accumulation, and there are a lot of people from which seizes the ill-gotten gains.\n\nThe purpose of this article is to set out from the data, from different angles to observation the ICO \"spectacle\", to a certain extent, see industry present situation, found that the phenomenon of the industry, to provide more insiders reference and enlightenment.\n\nBy December 31, 1252 ICO projects were included, and sufficient databases were obtained. Although it is impossible to include all the ICO in the world, I personally feel that the more than 1200 directories should contain at least 70% of the ICO, which gives a strong support to the sample size. On the other hand, I master basic conditions of each project at the same time, in general is carried out for many of them have the potential to dig deep, concept, content, methods, techniques, team, financial, market, road map, information disclosure, etc., in order to increase their understanding, as far as possible make more objective evaluation conclusion, so far, a total of evaluating more than 120, at the same time I also regularly to track some evaluation of the ICO project follow-up situation, grasp the trend, the development team progress, version updates and other information, assemble a newsletter published, these two aspects, let I to a comprehensive understanding of many projects, also calculate a little experience.\n\n\n1\n\nOverview and description\n\n\nI do comprehensive summary statistics of the ICO project status, from the aspects of time, category, progress, transverse and longitudinal comparison, and choose the typical analysis evaluation, hope to be able to do in see leopard \"pipe\" the effect.\n\n1 screening range\n\nStatus: all the projects that have been completed by ICO, only the projects that have completed part of the project and the withdrawal and suspension are not in the statistical range.\n\nTime: from the first record on June 18, 2017, to the end of December 31, 2017.\n\nQuantity: 985 projects in the statistical range.\n\n2 error description\n\nThe 985 ICO projects do not fully include the global ICO, but the number has a certain degree of reference. On this basis, I on the website and relevant link one by one check, record, complete, suspension of the project, but due to personal ability, may not be entirely accurate, perfectness, there may be some errors, but will not have a systematic deviation as a whole.\n\n3. Project division\n\nI divide the ICO project into six categories:\n\nTechnical classes - projects in the area of the block chain, including but not limited to the technical base, technical protocols, technical solutions, and other types of technical integration.\n\nFinance -- projects that use the blockchain for economic functions such as circulation, exchange and trading, including but not limited to exchanges, venture capital, loans and financial derivatives based on cryptocurrencies.\n\nNetwork application class, using block chain solutions provide Internet services or to the traditional software functions of projects, including but not limited to the search engines, advertising platform, content distribution, types, such as electric business platform.\n\nReality application class - separate compartments to distinguish between a do and, is mainly associated with practical activities produced block chain project, including but not limited to real production, the construction investment, lease sale, medical transportation, charity, etc.\n\nEntertainment - block chain involved in the entertainment projects, including but not limited to bet, game competition, social gatherings, such as video broadcast type (actually this category can divide into two kinds of application class, but as a result of online betting and esports project is more, and has certain particularity, I feel worse than grouped alone).\n\nCryptocurrency - the project itself is an encrypted currency that has little relevance.\n\nWhen I was in the statistical research projects individually, try to make a clear distinction between, but thus kind of classification is divided according to the various projects obvious characteristics, do not have professional aspects of accuracy, some project composition is complicated, can only be carried out in accordance with the characteristic classification.\n\n4. Classification of project status.\n\nI have divided the status of these completed ICO projects into four categories:\n\nActivity - normal access to the project site, normal operation of social media or short-term updates to the source code. (due to the limited personal time and energy, statistical satisfy the condition that records as the \"activities\", is expected to them or have a lot of program is not really developed, but need to precise statistics this professional team and a lot of manpower, this article will not discuss this issue, again, still have sign of activity of the project is team, does not guarantee that they must be in development)\n\nStalling - websites can access, social media content is very few, long - term content, or no development related content, source code is not updated. (whether due to the substantial development only from the website links and social media channels is difficult to define, so took a conservative estimate, only obvious behavior without substantial development projects accounting into this category, number of total)\n\nLost in - site can access, social media has no content of more than two months, code no update, in addition without any contact information and website no update project together into such source code. (no contact information of the project directly to lost, there may be a mistake, may some projects with communication software group name and contact information, here is not to distinguish between a fund-raising 10 trillion project is not even the social media and public channels construction and maintenance, itself is irresponsible for investors, and garbage project to not wrong)\n\nDisuse - the site is inaccessible, social media is not updated (if any), and the source code is not updated.\n\n3\n\nCase summary\n\n\n1 status summary\n\nAccording to the statistics, in the 985 projects on June 18, 2017, solstice November 30, the activity was 585, and 80 were suspended, 171 were lost and 149 were abandoned.\n\nIn February the statistics\n\nThe monthly amount\n\nFrom June to July 2017, there are 88 ICO projects, 121 ICO projects in August, 183 ICO projects in September, 252 ICO projects in October, 226 in November and 115 in December. (due to the small number of statistical items in June, it was incorporated into the July statistics, as follows)\n\nProject status monthly statistics.\n\nFrom June to July, there were 88 projects and 47 activities. In August, there were 121 projects and 64 activities. In September, there were 183 projects and 92 activities. In October, there were 252 projects and 162 activities. In November, there were 226 activities, 150 activities, 115 projects in December and 71 activities.\n\nThe monthly mortality rate was 46.5%, 47.1%, 49.7%, 35.7%, 33.6% and 38.2% respectively.\n\nTo be sure, 10-12 month \"death\" of the project significantly reduced, that is partly because time is short, the potential project has not to expose fraud, in fact the statistics in a year later do more persuasive, because many web server lease period is one year, in the same period in 2018, some projects will be exposed to prototype, earlier reports said block chain project suspended for a year on average, if a year later to the statistics, the result might be more objective, but even now, this ratio will also illustrate the problem.\n\n3 type statistics\n\nType the overview\n\nAmong the 985 projects, there were 90 technical classes, 260 financial classes, 195 network applications, 221 practical applications, 135 entertainment classes and 84 cryptocurrency classes.\n\nType status quo\n\nTechnical class: 90, of which 72 were active, 8 were stasis, 7 were lost, 3 were abandoned, and the death rate was 20%.\n\nFinancial: 260, among which 169 were active, 21 were stagnant, 35 were lost, 35 were abandoned, and 35 percent were \"dead\".\n\nNetwork application: 195, including 115 activities, 12 inactive, 35 lost, 33 abandoned, and 41% \"death\".\n\nPractical applications: 221, of which 117 were active, 13 were suspended, 50 were lost, 41 were abandoned, and the \"death rate\" rate was 47.1%.\n\nEntertainment: 135, 79 activities, 12 inactive, 26 lost, 18 abandoned, 41.5% of \"death\".\n\nCryptocurrencies: 84, 33 activities, 14 inactive, 18 lost, 19 abandoned, and 60.7% of \"dead\".\n\n4 discuss\n\nFrom table 1, table 3 shows, in included in the statistics of 985 projects, half a year there were 400 projects has been largely discontinued development, unable to meet investor returns, the proportion reached 40.6%, in December of 115 projects, up to now has two months only 44 project (38.3%) in the same situation, suggesting that integrity issues in the field of ICO is not optimistic. And it is not all, marked as \"activity\" in the rest of the project, is expected to have quite a few projects don't have substantial development, this code from the project, the public media can see clue, some projects of development of social media information without any content, with staff interviews, turn on, business communication and the information content of the hype of some projects is put on the exchange notes as the purpose of the work, on the tokens exchange after it to the finish line, as there will be no follow-up development work, and some project only stay in the stronghold on the client side, as a project be born hype. For the water of the project in the activity, I will select a certain amount of items for in-depth investigation in section 4 of this paper.\n\nOn the whole, the ICO market is a serious disorder and lack of order, and the fraud is very serious. This mess is associated with a variety of factors, one is the chain block this new technology in a savage growth period, and stock, the concept of the Internet in the 90 s and the beginning of the 21st century electronics factory similar things, new things tend to go through this period. Secondly, it is related to the unprincipled pursuit of profit in the industry. The spirit of the devil and the evil spirit, with the monopoly and information asymmetry of the industry, repeatedly breaks the lower limit and highly manipulates the market. 3 it is related to the influx of speculators, a lot of people with the irrational speculative demand, lack of awareness and consciousness of block chain industry and technology, to all sorts of ICO for effective review and resolution, and can't effectively restrained desire, risk control, finally not deceived; Four is related to the lack of responsibility, the properties of the ICO let people participate in diversification, unable to form a unified action as a whole, after been duped or a weak voice, either gradually forgotten, ultimately not to pursue, the deceiver to hide.\n\nBy table 2 shows, the number of the ICO project since June to basically stable growth rate increased month by month, including the reason for this reduction in November and December is a have many projects at the beginning of the article writing did not finish all the ICO, another reason is the January market, to a large number of original ICO project to cancelled and delay the ICO, after the ICO is discussed in this paper because of ecology, so I will not finish of the ICO project are picked off, if add this part, a total of 11 month 306, 190, a total of 12 month quantity is little. The trend shows that ICO basic not subjected to heat the first two secondary market downturn (in early July, on September 4, two recessions), can reflect that time ICO rewards outweigh the benefits, relative to this level of return, organization, distribution and failure of the ICO the total cost of the loss can not plan, this is probably the global centers are flocking to the cause. And since December, ICO to fierce competition, cost and the threshold gradually improve - Starta vc (itself has ICO project) launched a ICO report detailed analysis the cost increase factor and amplitude of the rise in the cost of it is in this case, coincided with the secondary market since January 2018 great recession, people carefully, many of the ICO project is difficult to raise money, and they can no longer afford the growing cost of dispersing pertains, so are taking various methods to delay the ICO, many projects in the fourth quarter of 2017 is still not started or are just beginning to ICO, some even put it off until the second quarter.\n\nTable 3 shows the ICO per month the current situation of the project, the activities of the project were higher than 50%, but to give up the flow of including fish in troubled waters, must also have a number of teams in the development work, even if there are dead in the future, in the moment performance has greatly surpassed the 2013 counterfeit currency four periods, which revealed the spontaneous and conscious industry progress, this is a positive side.\n\nTable 4 is the distribution of the type of ICO project, the largest number is the financial category, and the second is the real application class, which partly reflects the status quo of the ICO market. Financial application is the earliest and most effective application direction of blockchain, and the largest proportion of projects derived from it is expected. In the second and the third is the reality and the network application class, this is because in this round of fever, ICO project in order to increase their own credibility, are all in the name of solving practical problems, the familiar objects of an existing, Volkswagen and chain blocks combined into a new concept, can raise money smoothly. But in fact many of these combinations have no necessity, feasibility, or no especially block chain is not yet in the popularization of the Internet to be born in reality some of the projects, could not realize, so the reality application class project of high mortality rate (table 5), 2018, the proportion of project will further increase, abortion, there will be a lot of project must be on high alert, the types of high-risk projects in detail, I will be discussed in section 5 of this article; The technical analogy is less understandable, the technology is the threshold, the ability is not enough to do, the circle money may not even write the white paper, so the final project number is less; Encryption so little money class is also understandable, pure copycat not deceive people cheated, now turning to block the cheats chain concept existing make a set of routines, natural, pure imitation and die quickly (see chart 5).\n\nTable 5 reflect the various project activities and inactive (stagnation, lost and abandoned) ratio condition, the technology has the highest survival rate and survival rate of the lowest category is the currency of the encryption, indeed is now not in 2013, pure counterfeit currency is very difficult to have a market. Survival rate of the penultimate is reality application class, as I said before, this kind of project is a favorite of fraud, with the familiar concepts combined with block chain packing sublimation, make beautiful white paper, in efforts to promote social media, such as telegrann drop, bounty mission, smarter translation page in Chinese construction WeChat group, will soon, and then a small fortune to easily, be to need to cash, the network application can at least do a software, practical applications need to not confuse, dry goods and or tai chi, or run lost, survival rate is low.\n\nOn the whole, in this section of statistics and charts, I put forward some ideas based on my own understanding, and more interpretation is a matter of opinion.\n\n4\n\nKey project investigation\n\n\nIn this section, I will be in accordance with the time, from the 857 project category 50 has certain influence at the time or the representative projects, from the source code, development status, active degree, roadmap implementation of the four indicators to evaluate each project individually, by using multi-dimensional side to see their real status.\n\nSource code is chosen as the index of reason is that the source code can directly show that team is in the work, site can packaging, social media can lie, the market can hype, but the source of development degree can not be denied; Choose development status as indicators of reason is that it not only can confirm each other, and source, also represents the attitude of the team, can regularly updated information and development report, the work on track, no director's team is difficult to take out decent report, even if it is very difficult, occasionally make up some long-term work frequently report; Activity reflects the team vitality, can test whether project in order to efficiently operate, can continue to update website, growing community of users, maintain social media active and actively carry out activities of the project, reflect the team well staffed, running stability, a clear division of responsibilities and orderly, including a lack of any confusion will eventually by external expression reveals; Roadmap represents the fundamental goal of project and the team's commitment, this is a very serious, if a project is not to live up to the road map of his white paper (and there is no plausible explanation), that way I doubt whether team is willing to develop products, and I doubt if the team has the ability to develop the product, this will let me lose faith in it.\n\nDid not consider the price factor, that is because in the immature market, the price does not have the objective aspects of the reference, it may contain a certain degree of consensus factors on the quality of the project, but is more likely to contain the control plate, the hype, fraud and greed, after not sure how many degree of influence of several factors occupy, without any reference price index. Although I chose a few reference index also can not fully reflect the real situation, but at least can form a certain objectivity in the match, and the lack of full of bubble in the market lack of support is the price of the actual value should not be considered. As for team strength, technical solutions, and so on, that is a question to be considered before investing. Now we are not looking at packaging but performance and results.\n\nProject list and description.\n\nI selected from different types, different project in the list, to ensure that the months, and various types according to the proportional distribution of June and July 8, 9 August, September 11, 14 October, November 8, December 3. According to the type, there are 9 technical classes, 10 financial classes, 12 network applications, 7 practical applications, 8 entertainment classes and 4 cryptocurrency classes. Most of these projects are of high attention or promotion in ICO, and are representative in their field. All projects are still active.\n\n\n2 scoring criteria\n\nIn the sub-index, I will give the four grades of A, B, C and D according to the actual situation of the project, namely 4, 3, 2 and 1, and the plus and minus signs will increase and decrease by 0.4 points.\n\nThe related items do not involve the average score.\n\nWhile some items such as source code, development report may set up evaluation standard, but difficult to quantify directly, more or less be affected by subjective, so I will write the specific reasons after some score and ideas, for reference.\n\n3 the source code\n\nI updated the code according to this principle:\n\nA -- it's updated within 10 days.\n\nB -- updated within 30 days.\n\nC -- updated within 2 months.\n\nD -- no update for more than 2 months.\n\nCode score:\n\n\nTable 7\n\n4 development status\n\nDevelopment status:\n\nA -- continuous updating of development reports, regular topic discussions, review and other development information release.\n\nB - continuous updating of development reports or related topics.\n\nC -- the development schedule is announced.\n\nD -- no relevant information was released.\n\n\n5 community construction\n\nEvaluation criteria:\n\nA - content continuously updated, and constantly expand the user community, actively expand cooperation partners, social media is active, organize various activities, to participate in the meeting and BBS, etc., comply with most of the items above\n\nB -- some of the above activities.\n\nC -- there are undesirable tendencies in these activities.\n\nD -- there is no such activity.\n\n\n6. Implementation of the roadmap.\n\nEvaluation criteria:\n\nA -- the development schedule meets or exceeds the roadmap, or further updates the roadmap on this basis.\n\nB -- not meeting the road map expectations, but offering explanations or adjustments.\n\nC -- a backward road map, but it is still being developed.\n\nD -- the development schedule is far behind the road map, without any explanation.\n\n\n7 summary\n\nThe total score of 50 projects is as follows:\n\nThere were 21 with less than 10 points and poor performance, and 5 of them were below 6, and the proportion was still very high. The median of the 50 projects was 11.1, which was a poor score. Since the 50 projects themselves are already the more outstanding ones, if the total number of more than 800 is counted, the overall score may decline somewhat.\n\nMore than 12 points, the team overall performance excellent project for 19, occupy 38%, the proportion is optimistic, as the market mania subsided, some projects were off painted skin, many onlookers will have an illusion, think of ICO team is a liar, but in fact is not the case, gold has always been in, just too much sediment will be disguised. A lot of the performance of the company or team, is to let a person feel full of expectation, in the time of the hustle and bustle, people can not hear the silence dared to voice, but if have been looking to follow them, they, may find that they are always in pillow's bravery, yongxing, they just block chain in the field of hope. They may also fail in the future, but at least, as a pioneer in seriously do the push block chain industry forward, a lot of people said that the future of the value chain blocks, to value investment, then don't stay on the surface, to go further, to find this kind of responsible development team, when sediment washing, good show, when stigma dissipate, sifang acceptance, star of tomorrow would probably be out among them.\n\n\nTaken together, the best technical performance, because the whole block chain is still in early stage, technologies and protocols have not yet met bottleneck, so this kind of project development process may be more smoothly, the team can see the results, continuous progress; At the same time, such projects are the basis of the progress of the block chain itself. The product may be used rapidly in the next stage of market, so the development goals and prospects are clear. The project cycle of technology development is longer, the goal is longer, the development team may be prepared at the beginning of the construction, and can work for a long time; Finally technology development requires level is higher, need to get real, this is equivalent to set up barriers to entry, and some to get gold for the purpose of the team may therefore choose easier to make a fuss about field from the concept, rather than the more difficult areas.\n\nFinancial project median score more common, although have high score, low grade of too many, from this 50 project as a whole, a good development, is also a financial project wonky state. Although the financial aspect is the most easy to fit block chain and encryption currency area, but because of the encryption currency is very weak, and the reality, the current so only a few lucky selected target projects more smoothly, and most are bad, there are many just idling in the field of encryption currency, market demand is very small.\n\nReality application class project overall performance is poorer, the be clear at a glance this reason, the current block chain technology far from universally cognitive and popularization stage, encrypted hard currency into real life, so many combined with the reality of block chain basic unable to practical application. Has a lot of project claim to 2017 in a certain field application block chain, is actually to shape the concept more effectively, to facilitate marketing, and not fall, I in the last year of a large number of such projects for the direct negative, but this kind of project is emerge in endlessly, the key still existing in the existing, plus on a familiar, easy to understand the concept of technology of block chain rings, it is easy to impress potential investors, marketing more easily. In addition to these old + new concept, as well as some existing products claiming to block chain renovation project, but only to add credibility to impress investors with existing products, to a large sum of money, or in the actual development project stalled, or still keep the original framework, just use the encryption currency a stunt. The application product that combines with reality is a big pit, do not jump easily.\n\nNetwork application analogy the former situation a little better, because Internet services and chain blocks combined with a little easier, although there are also be born difficult problems, but not like a lot of practical application, but situation of the development of a consensus and chain block itself, this problem need to block the chain itself forward, and time to solve it, at the moment, advertisement, data, the copyright of these areas combined with block chain or prospect to a certain extent but period.\n\nEntertainment project overall lackluster performance, basic only game on the breadth of platform, e-sports, live, betting on these aspects, homogeneity were very serious and in depth, the vast majority of fundamentally don't know how to make the game fun and chain blocks further combination of project has not clear planning, natural lack of further development, in the end not stay on the pure entertainment content promotion. So there are a lot of competitors in these areas, but there are no bright products.\n\nEncryption currency class performance is very poor, generally in this paper has described in the second quarter, from 2013 to 2014, counterfeit currency rise and decay in the tide, most people have received enough education, won't have the slightest interest in his. And from a development perspective, counterfeit currency itself is the development goal, don't need to be further developed, only need to be further hype, if there is no effective hype, will immediately enter the zombie state, eventually overall performance is so poor is understandable. In addition, counterfeit currency is a mirror, from the concept and behavior of their standard in the past, can be found, with the goal of content have many so-called project, is actually borrowed ICO dongfeng repackaged counterfeit currency, in 2013 and the number of essentially no difference, the masses will soon realize this.\n\n5\n\nHigh-risk types\n\n\nIn this section, I focus on several categories of mortality rates are the highest item type, remind carefully into the pit, a program is not good is not necessarily easy to judge, but whether the bad experience is to talk about.\n\n1 construction\n\nInvolved in large-scale construction projects, there is a is a pit, such as to build the world's largest aquarium, runs through the entire Russian construction of fiber optic cable, in a valley town construction of encryption, and so on. The first is the need for large sums of money that cannot be propped up by retail investors; Second, the traditional channel financing should be chosen, and strict auditing and control should be adopted in all aspects, rather than selecting unsupervised ICO channels. Third, this kind of engineering requires a professional team, which cannot be accomplished by programmers alone. So this project is going to be a meat bun.\n\n2 class of charity\n\nWhat do charity money basic completely annihilated, distributed platform of charity, charity, humanitarian funds and so on, no matter what form it is, no matter how to blow it up, don't see at all. Reason is very simple, even if the reality has strict supervision and audit of charity, also tend to be questioned, and could disappear at any time in the Internet site independently, if a charity fund really want to do charity, with encryption money that directly collect COINS and the stars such as well-known encryption money good, why ICO.\n\n3 generations of derivatives\n\nFunds, futures, options and notes generation investment projects and similar pension funds, funds don't trust robots, on the one hand is the money to who are behind in our own hands, there is no reason to believe that they will be responsible for your money, on the other hand, even if they are operating funds, there is no firm earn not to compensate the trading strategy, but the more in-depth trading more easy to lose, the encryption currency itself, on the basis of risk huge to make financial derivatives is the square of the risk, many stars in the 90 s of the stock market traders, and finally is mostly bankruptcy, imprisoned and run, rise and fall of gain and loss can be the guide.\n\n4 production correlation\n\nBeer coin, film, banana production chain, capacitor production, Zambia to dig gems, California to explore oil... A variety of this kind of production related COINS, is mostly about high profit, as if to Denver, but it does not seem to be the case, the manufacturer is better short of money from a encryption currency in the a sum of money to fill holes, others simply took money run.\n\n5 industry correlation\n\nPump for COINS, geologists have special coin, salt industry special COINS, rich special COINS, christians of the currency, etc., the main professional or ideal color, but in fact not worth believe, if they really want to use, use of the existing mature encryption money is ok, no additional reason for create a currency, besides money itself is not industry characteristics, can pump community currency used by geologists, and vice versa.\n\nExaggeration or scaremongering.\n\nSuch currency often exaggerated on advertising, such as advertising platform of \"revolutionary\" \"sovereign credit card\" \"human to immortal\" ultimate trading platform \"reign\", I don't think with the slogan of the normal, is in fact, they are basically all hang up or lost.\n\n7 a pyramid scheme\n\nThis is a typical categories, representative is bitconnect, about began in December 2017, there are many similar projects, a common feature is introduced a kind of currency, claims to complete for the center with its wallet, exchange, lending, smart contracts, a series of functions such as e-commerce, but doesn't have any actual solution on site content, just to say that the future prospects of the ecological system. Business model is obtained from the currency in circulation \"interest\", to lure users to buy and locking money to obtain the reward, in many money not to use cases, locked up currency price easily, make money holders of wealth increased, so it is illusion, then buy more COINS, while adding la referral bonus, several rounds of raised the price difference to make scarce strategies such as feeling, finally to form a spiral. This kind is a typical pyramid selling coin, must be able to withstand the temptation, do not participate.\n\n8 bet\n\nBlock chain effect seen in transparent anti-counterfeiting technology, and lucrative betting game together effect is very ideal, the two cooperation constitutes a strong appeal, make a lot of teams are to develop the chain block system, due to similar products, the inferior, the homogeneity is very serious. That's the problem, is large enough opportunities, chain blocks the development of such software cost and difficulty of development and is extremely low, and don't talk about operating a one-way ticket income, is only the time-averaged far more than the actual development needs to raise enough developers made millions is full, even they didn't need to on the development of fraud, because capital is a fraud. I don't recommend this kind of project is that first of all, too much project runs away the already limited potential users, the results may be users of any this kind of game is not enough, return on investment is talking (currency with leek without brain buy is another matter), followed by the development costs and raise serious unequal wealth, as investors are sky-high pit, finally the project too much, really can make the possibility of future development is very low.\nThe above is my summarized several kind of typical of ICO minefield, these are not all, of course, is a representative, we can found in this kind of typical project characteristics of the lines, thus increase their ability to think and identify.\n\n6\n\nThe exhibition platform\n\n\nIn 2017, there are some wonderful work to the limit of project, I had to pull them out \"broadcast\" alone, let the onlookers more joke, also let them be more people know, in the chain of blocks of leave a mark in history.\n\n(Tezos, TRX, I won't tell you what the earth knows.)\n\n1 Polybius\n\nPolybius is a Estonia's project, pretends to chain bank building blocks, may and June 2017, raise, raise lines I forgot how many, but has entered the year ten big ICO, even in their own home page said: \"we thought can build a bank, but in fact established a technology company.\"\n\nIn fundraising, the official said tokens PLBT is the important proof of all business in the bank, the lowest price for $10, the user can at any time at a low price back to $, the price of the token is approximately 1 COINS = 80 PLBT.\n\nAfter the fundraising was completed in July, the official form was released to allow participants to fill out forms according to European regulations. Then the team disappeared, and the last time on social media was August 13. Although many investors can't believe such a big project will do such a thing, in fact its behavior is really the way to go, and then what happened to the coin I don't want to talk more about it.\n\nBut then something happened, and in early October, the official tweet sent another theme, reprinting the news that we had entered the ten ICO of 2017! A lot of people see your ya not to die, then in the following reply to angrily ask the project progress, but did not get the positive answer. Half a month later, the official tweeted a picture of the sunrise, saying that we were going to be the new CEO in 2018, and then fell silent again. Someone behind the message says, is about the original CEO a money went directly to buy luxury cars luxury resort, after three months 'money to resign, so as to explain suppressed three months out of the new CEO message.\n\nNovember to now, Polybius sent a total of 10, no one is down to business, finally learned that thing is they sent a piece to the outskirts of the figure, said we moved to Brussels, really let a person in distress situation.\n\nPolybius basically complete deduced a typical cheater company routines, it between run and activities, what nothing, it doesn't matter what time to send a dynamic, investors can't be swindled, but don't want again, gradually wear off after the attention of the investors, they again to participate in various activities, in some point of view, after successful washed white mix a familiar face, you can take a brand to do other things.\n\nDomestic companies is such practices, specific company, to see what a project to raise two years in addition to issuing exchanges on promises of a dry all day long, not around the platform.\n\n\n2 COSS\n\nCOSS is a one-stop platform that includes payment entry, exchanges, tenants, market value systems, malls and wallets. Strictly speaking, the COSS exchange is still running, but other parts of it have made me deeply despise the project.\n\nFirst the ICO is benefit of the doubt, it claims to be successfully operated for more than a year, the website has hundreds of support encryption (seems) to the money to pay store links, entrance with payment service customers, etc., but this site is only in April 2017, the first news website is April 17th, this more than a year of operations come from? How did more than 100 merchants join in more than two months? I also looked up members of the founding team on linkedin and found that none of them had COSS related content on their resumes. (details of my secret circle history archive)\n\nFollowed by the website after the ICO has almost no change, already 8 months, payment way and development proved that two pages still just like eight months ago, a page, other pages are about the same, there is not any new product that is eight months; The store page has now been maintained, and the last time I logged in was the previous one. Why didn't the family add in the first half of the year? The latest information on the \"recent update\" on the website is April 1, 2017. The first of the \"coming\" is the forthcoming issue of scrip. What does all this mean?\n\nMost of the spirit, the site did not leave any contact link community, that is to say, we don't know already, the official did not release any news, don't know what did after they took the money. Investors can see, is a eight months didn't update page, any new content added so-called platform and can't find the team, the only activity is the exchange can bring profits for them.\n\n\n3 Ziber\n\nThis is a project with a block chain free call, nor hot in August in July is higher, and a domestic ICO platform is the sole distributor, at that time, I just think it is a common project, have a little doubt on free call, but there is no evidence to perjury, ever go to its website has made a free call it, but can't dial, so no more study.\n\nDuring it began to raise, suddenly one day in the evening, I saw an article in a group of highly recommend Ziber, says very hot, the project after quickly raised 13000 eth abroad was attacked by hackers, lost some COINS, the article also said Ziber taken overseas and the domestic rules of lines, while overseas is full, but at present domestic lines and there are many, now only ten a fraction of the overseas buying cost.\n\nWhen I saw this article, my first thought was, \"really find the money?\" Hurry to the website of domestic generation investment to see, sure the quota still has a lot of. But I'm still a little skeptical, so I decided to go to the official channel to see what the hacking situation was like, and then over the wall, I found the problem.\n\nIn Ziber's office, there were not many responses to each tweet, so I clicked on one and found someone writing below: this cheater project, don't vote! Even a couple of themes, the following are written \"fraud alert\". I'm a little surprised, isn't this a big hot project, how could it be such a comment? Is it a competitor? Then I read on a subject that the publicity pictures of the project were embezzled, and the original source of the picture was given. At this point I began to feel this project really has a problem, then I look down stolen when news, found no official announcement were stolen, only tweets, head of the website has a problem, whether for stolen is not clear, because there is no clear answer, a few of the ETH belonging, security, and moved to the currency's fate has become the focus of attention, constantly asked related problem, but the official did not respond to anything. For the \"hacking\" the ambiguity and information distribution channels refusal attitude for investors to gradually transfer suspected target on the official, it was found that in the whole process, not only without evidence of hackers, the official also complete not like hacker attacks happened, people began to guess there is no hacker, so the official did not dare to respond positively.\n\nWitnessing these circumstances, I also told the official behavior is very suspicious, but in the end, let me understand that the act of fraud is I checked before and after a couple of the ETH address (including the so-called hackers), found that the amount of money received is very small, the number is far less than the number of the article the night said, and the new address has been more than a day without money into, gone is far from the line of the article said, this a series of things make me feel the ICO is very like a trap, can't touch, I am also very grateful to the ICO in lust to domestic site transfer money before, how a mind over looked.\n\nZiber finally ran road that text into a page, it says he is stolen, the project is not done at such a time, tall is he gives compensation scheme is a ponzi - this is name, encourage victims to save money, promise will give the deposit money after a month satisfactory compensation, they say that this is indeed a ponzi scheme, but promise to give money in return, believe it or not.\n\nThe whole thing is going to be like this, Ziber faked the publicity material, fired his own project, and worked with a Chinese platform. Hackers events occurred after began to raise money, one possibility is to pretend to be attacked, but acting wrong can't put down, so just how much we can not out of the dark black, another possibility is already didn't how many money, lose hope in stolen, inside besides chaos can't pick up, tuned out altogether.\n\nBut anyway, it is a bastard, a reason is Ziber before raising to oneself to develop products with enthusiasm, but encounter twists and turns so thoroughly dissolve quickly, after all what ideal goal originally is child's play; The second reason is that the Ziber team's performance in the middle is completely abnormal. It does not respond to the demands of users, which reveals a contempt for users and an attitude of not caring about the future. The third reason is falsification of information. In our country, it is not only deceiving, but cheating. The last point is that the ponzi box is a bit of a trick, and it's not like a normal team can do it.\n\n4 Solomon Exchange\n\nIt's an exchange program, and it's one of a number of dead, unreliable projects, and it's really bizarre to say that it's his white paper.\n\nOn the front page of the white paper, it says, \"the ultimate exchange that rules everything\"... I feel like I've seen a psycho. The whole paper is like posters, page or two big word \"ten big advantage\", \"eight big innovation\" page and two characters, \"top ten\", \"nine goals\", and with an exclamation point a few pages, and then there is a breakthrough limit, for all service, establishing the industry standard, very professional, very safe, very comprehensive, and the world bank, such as cooperation, is the world's best... It feels like I can be brainwashed several times.\n\nIn any case, it's a bit of a slap in the face, and I'm curious about what it will look like when it lands, but it'll soon be dead.\n\n5 paquarium\n\nSaid developers want to build a the world's largest aquarium, they began the introduction in the form of very literature and art, that feeling in the city life, busy life but is only one of the capital operation, the machine is really feel tired, tired, then start to practice a great ideal, is the world's largest aquarium, in which people can comfortably to witness and embrace the beauty of nature... The opening of this \"please pay for my dream\" is not the only magical place. There are others:\n\n1. It is claimed that all the scrip holders will vote for the site of the aquarium construction, and there are several alternative locations in the Sahara desert, and do not know whether to make a stewed fish.\n\n2. He summed up six advantages for the gains made by the investors, which are visible in the article and the same content.\n\n3. There are three levels of money, and the last one reminds me of pyramid selling.\n\nInvestors say investors should not care too much about money, respect the ideal, pursue the ideal...\n\nThis project is the most I have ever seen two ICO, have raised $610000, but it is still, alas, the Spanish civil war is not the last time the world to fight for the ideal, the $610000 proved that international socialist spiritual immortality. And then... The team lost contact the moment it started.\n\n\n6 WCX\n\nWCX is an exchange program, which is like a swindle like qianbao, which puts the bright seduction in front of it and makes many people who want to get rich know it is the pit and willing to jump.\n\nDid not mention it in the white paper for themselves how to build, is in no doubt tones, vocabulary enough statements to repeatedly overwhelming absolute advantage - 98% of the dollar that is 0.1% cold storage, low fees, 1 million transactions per second, excellent technical personnel, support 20 languages, and so on, its purpose is to let people believe that it is really good, and have a desire to buy tokens.\n\nAfter that is the key, it has set up a very high purchase rewards, buy the more money, the extra money, the more white paper in huge amount of poor tree to stimulate the nerve of the people, encourage people try to choose high level. At the same time, it promised 20% of exchange income as dividends to the scrip holders, the more you buy, the more you share, the more you buy, the more you send, receive a much higher, this cycle may give people a feeling of excess return, to build a good quality returns before big impression is increased rapidly, a lot of people seem to see the huge rewards, suddenly is simply just bought without ceasing, even as exchange don't even exist the content of the paper.\n\nStory from the expected, after to begin operations had said on October 10th, the white paper, but in the days after the jump ticket in November, said November COINS bifurcate instability continue to jump, the end of December to date not continue to let a person look forward to, on February 13 and tweets everybody expect, under each content, has a long string of supporters with a hint of desperation in different days to write down the anticipation of inquiries, some people have already be decided that it is a scam, some people are still waiting for.\n\nIf they are going to take a look at the roadmap for the club's official website, you will find the task of October only half complete, basic in November and December are unfinished, 2018 1-2 months only completely didn't start a few red, march back basic doesn't even have the content...\n1719/5000  \n\n7\n\nconclusion\n\n\nIn this article, I use the information at hand to summarize and analyze the follow-up progress of the global ICO project from June to December 2017. It should still be able to see the status quo of the ICO industry to some extent.\n\nThe first is that the risks of ICO are very large, and the rational industry's view is similar. The vast majority of ICO die, this is a fair degree of consensus, but exactly how much would be, some people think that the figure is 90%, some people think that is 99%, it is relatively safe, but it could be too pessimistic. I will not rigorously estimate, in section 3 ICO completed more than 6 months in statistics, the activities of the project is slightly more than 50%, considering the project may hang some sites is financing failure should not be counted in the project itself, this ratio should be slightly tall, but not more than 60%. In this 60% project, only a part of the real sustainable development, I selected 50 projects in section 4 to carry out a one-by-one survey, in which the development status was slightly more than 50%. Due to the final success or failure can not be sure, the number of samples and no statistical significance of reference, we can put it another way, the 50 selected activities in the project, at least 50% of the project development work in guanzhou, it expands to all activities in the project, we put the number to more than 60%, so that only 40% of the project development work, still can be it should be more conservative. No more than 60% up to 40% of the activities of the project project development work until now is relatively stable, this is no more than 24% of the ICO project in financing after five months is still in a state of the development of the basic can be, how many, the last survival depends on personal view, the pessimistic view of ten places one is 2.4%, optimistic all retained is 24%, the middle is probably ICO project ultimately survive ratio, I personally think it's a quarter or can leave, perhaps one-third also no problem, that is 6% 8%... There seems to be no scientific basis, but only so much.\n\nThen come to the \"dead\" ICO project, and according to the above data, at least 75% of the projects will eventually be aborted, which means that coinmarketcap's currency will go to zero or die on a large scale. Yet it didn't happen, it is because of ICO cowhide broken collective phase hasn't arrived, in 2017, is the age of ICO brag painted flowers, white paper can be used to start work for reasons or vague content for their fight for a few months to half a year's blank period, but in 2018, no matter how to want to take out dry goods deliver on their fundraising programme of work. Predictably, in the second half of the year or early June, as been feuding reason could not continue to use, the crowd began to wake up and there will be a large number of air and cowhide project unable to produce results, is hard to deceive the public and been tore down a painted skin, as they have been in the forefront, may cause the industry gradually awakening and delve into more projects are therefore found problems, likely to trigger a chain reaction quickly, the universality of the blank check crisis may in this outbreak, there will be a lot of people in the industry was surprised but found that has long been the currency, COINS, the best service in their cognitive word of mouth the value of currency are worthless a string of letters, the myth of ICO may be devastating blow when, this all to be vigilant in the heart, I think this crisis will come, perhaps is not far off.\n\nFinally, I think, in spite of difficulties, chain block industry forward and upward trend has not changed, like the stock market in the 90 s, the Internet, the electronic commerce at the beginning of the 21st century, has experienced the difficulty and savage growth period of chaos, experienced a mythical rise and the bubble burst, eventually became an integral part of the reality. I firmly believe that block chain technology will be spread to the social life in the future, and now is quite a long way from the technical maturity should have way, in the process of the growth and development, ICO should will play an important role, if we are bullish about the future, that you should not worry about temporary setbacks, but should be sights in the long run, with the attitude of value investing in finding potential future star.\n\nWe should overcome the speculative sentiment, will not be rich greed drive, on the premise of normal life is not affected, keep a clear mind, to do more study and analysis, in order to protect their attitude is interested in understanding and thorough investigation project, away from the hype, pyramid schemes, such as air garbage project at the same time, encourage and support the efforts of pragmatic, good, serious and responsible team, after all, they are the cornerstone of block chain technology progress.\n\nOn the other hand, will the storm are not wholly bad thing, it can squeeze out of foam, douse the irrational emotions, to reflect on all participants, let the market to accept the lesson, calmly, and then into the healthy and orderly development.\n\nI hope that this industry will gradually mature and develop fully, to effectively discipline, provide better to be all things to all people involved in the environment, or after many considerations, solve the technical difficulties and reality, for injection by rational guidance and normative management. Anyway, I hope most is out now with her gizzard the shadows of the industry, and give a good developer with the opportunity, let them and we are able to participate in and witness the growth of the technology, give prize opportunities and share life and the result of social development.\n                                                                                                                                                                                       (Referencing to Network)",
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      "body": "Where is the future of the block chain and the virtual currency? ——The question of price plunging\n                                                                                                                    (I saw an article on the Internet to share )\n\nBlock chain and Bitcoin as one of the hottest topics in the last two years, giving the public a lot of imagination! There are also many people to the future financial development scene, and even more people extend to the various industries will bring revolutionary impact! But in the present financial and media environment description, can really tell the nature of the block chain, but there is no, more is the technology of all kinds of speculation and ideas.\n\nThis may be because our knowledge is limited, or some people with ulterior motives are constantly touting, of course, not ruled out will become a reality!\n\nWhat is the block chain in the end, there are so many benefits, so there is the prospect of development? Block: Essentially a database, he is a block chain system in a unit, each user's system can be seemed as a node, this node will have at least one block. Regardless of the number of blocks in the user's system, he can use this block to understand all the previous transaction information.\n\nThe reason is that there is a special connection between the blocks, through which he and the block chain system will remain interoperable. The main function of the BLOCK: first, responsible for recording a certain period of time all transactions of the system.\n\nWhen the record is complete, the system selects a block as the ledger for the transaction and sends the block to the other person to copy the backup.\n\nSecond, the record can be queried in the previous block data in the summary data, according to this summary data, you can index the block before the previous period of the block to save the transaction information. Blocks connected to the block chain can be downloaded, that is, anyone can query the transaction information for each block.\n\nAccording to the record information of each block transaction, the account status of the node can be calculated. There is one of the biggest credit problems in the day-to-day trading process. Because of the association between the blocks, easy to index, query the authenticity of information.\n\nBased on such a system, the behavior of fraud is naturally self-defeating, and in the cost, in addition to the operating cost of the system, basically zero.\n\nAs mentioned above, if the technology can be developed and applied, the social value and benefits that he creates are enormous.\n\nHowever, in terms of current social reality, he is not in line with the current trend of development, if applied in various fields, it may cause serious negative effects. When it comes to block chains, Bitcoin is a topic that cannot be bypassed, because it is the big fire of Bitcoin that brings the concept of a block chain into the heat.\n\nThe production process of Bitcoin needs to be computed by computer, which is called \"digging\", which wastes a lot of electricity and material resources, and what effect the result has on social development, seemingly there is no real value.\n\nAnd the concept of the node is also a bit of a coincidence, it is the time of the dotcom bubble subsided, become a new concept of speculation, this can not let people think? Even more bizarre is that the recent online variety of coins are also emerging, numerous, are known as Bitcoin Branch, are based on block chain technology.\n\nA lot of direct is to rub block chain heat, plainly is a Ponzi scheme!\n\nMore ridiculous is that many people do not understand the block chain, but also in this big talk about the block chain, in this case, the way out, who can see? As some netizens to query me, said the contents are as follows: You do not understand, do not in here blind, and some say I really alarmist, said I was talking nonsense.\n\nThat I can't keep pace with the times.\n\nFace Frontline my netizen, I asked a few questions: 1, first explain the concept of block chain, even if you copy from the Internet, they actually copy are too lazy to copy.\n\n2. Since it is lawful, why should the state forbid it? Don't talk to me. There are legitimate trading platforms in China, please give an example!\n\n3. Who is the founder of this concept? No one knows, do not take a Ben Cong to say things, this Ben Cong in the end is a person is a ghost do not know!\n\n4, the block chain to the central, how to monitor?\n\nI asked a few questions, they did not answer a question, all the answers, are in the logic, a talk about the substance of the problem, immediately evasive, gu about him.\n\nThis shows that the Internet concept always let a lot of people possessed, the key is a lot of people take this compared with Alibaba, there is comparable? This view is only representative of me personally, welcome to explore. If you just want to spray, then there is no point! At least you got some evidence to prove I was wrong!",
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