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      "body": "당신의 간략한 학술 논문 진정한,\n\n저자 : Pendennis Corner\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmYhDotNY81WX8Wqe6VMBa76EFNnEiytudFnmu1gmCAmmH/image.png)\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmYmpS4yMQLWPj2Msub2ujknNqXZuQU6gmHgj9ZMgXJ5dd/image.png)\n\nBob Dylan이 \"The Times are They-A Changin '\"라고 말한 이후로 50 년 이상이 지났지 만, 그의 유명한 시위 노래의 의미는 오늘날 더 이상 관련이 없다. 기업은 가능한 모든 방법으로 주주 가치를 극대화하고 자신의 활동에 대한 인간 및 환경 비용을 무시합니다. 그러나 시대는 변화하고 있으며, 세계는 이익 추구에서 끊임없는 성장을 위해 지불하는 가격을 인식하고 있습니다. 에너지 산업은 세계에서 가장 파괴적이지만 세계 경제의 변화에 ​​무적이 아닙니다. 에너지 산업에 영향을 미치는 그러한 변화 중 하나는 순환 경제로의 이동입니다.\n\n에너지 산업은 전력, 석유, 천연 가스 및 석탄 추출을 전문으로하는 회사들로 구성됩니다. 가장 파괴적인 것은 석유 산업입니다. 특히 캐나다의 Athabasca 오일 샌드에서 석유 생산 과정을 살펴 보겠습니다. 캐나다는 세계에서 세 번째로 큰 입증 된 석유 매장량을 보유하고 있으며 2000 억 배럴 (Alberta Energy, 2018)으로 추정됩니다. 이러한 매장량의 개발은 캐나다 경제에 수십억 달러를 창출했으며 수천 개의 일자리를 창출했지만 환경과 인류 건강에 막대한 손실을 초래했습니다. 오일 샌드에서 역청 추출의 생산 과정은 다른 어떤 추출 방법보다 더 파괴적이다 (NRC, 2016). 기름 모래 매장지에 접근하기 위해 산림이 깨끗하게 깎여지고 땅이 파헤쳐지면 기름 모래는 400 톤 트럭에 장입되어 추출 공장으로 운반됩니다 (Cryderman, 2013). 추출 공장에서 석유 모래는 분해되어 물로 희석되므로 역청은 모래에서 분리 될 수 있습니다. 그 후 역청은 파이프 라인을 통해 미국으로 보내 져서 정제되고 원유로 전환 된 다음 일반 시장에 판매됩니다 (Cryderman, 2013).\n\n이 과정의 환경 및 사회적 영향은 놀랍습니다. 캐나다 오일 샌드의 깎아 지른듯한 크기는 놀라 울 정도입니다. 142,200 평방 킬로미터에서 그것은 영국보다 크고 우주 공간에서 볼 수 있습니다 (Alberta Energy, 2018). 생산 공정의 각 단계마다 막대한 환경 피해와 위험이 따른다. 광업 단계는 수십만 평방 킬로미터의 원시림을 파괴했으며, 2016 년 연구에서는 오일 샌드 정제 단계가 북미에서 대기 오염의 주요 원천이되었음을 발견했습니다 (Semeniuk, 2016). 또한 오일 샌드에 대한 광업은 납과 비소가 높은 무수한 호수와 강을 오염 시켰는데, 이는 지역 토착 공동체를 황폐화 시켰습니다 (Wingrove, 2013). 연구 결과에 따르면 수원에있는 독소와 대기 오염으로 인해 암 발병률이 높아졌으며 오일 샌드 근처에 살고있는 많은 원주민 (Wingrove, 2018)의 전통적인 사냥과 어장이 파괴되었습니다.\n\n놀라운 환경 및 사회적 비용에도 불구하고 캐나다의 여론은 석유 모래와 관련하여 상대적으로 긍정적입니다. 천연 자원 추출은 캐나다에서 가장 강력한 경제 분야 중 하나이며, 석유 추출은 GDP의 3 % 이상을 차지하며 50 만 개 이상의 일자리를 지원합니다 (The Economist, 2015). 석유 회사들은 매년 캐나다와 캐나다가 의존하는 많은 사회 프로그램을 지원하면서 세금과 로열티를 매년 10 억 달러를 지불합니다 (Suncor, 2014). 오일 샌드의 경제적 영향은 국제적으로 느껴지고 미국 및 멕시코와 같은 많은 무역 파트너와 함께 일자리를 지원합니다. 오일 샌드의 미래는 신 재생 에너지의 증가와 같은 에너지 부문의 최근 변화로 인해 여전히 논란이되고 불확실합니다.\n\n에너지 분야에서 원형 경제로의 전환은 전통적인 화석 연료 추출에서 재생 가능한 자원 기반 에너지로의 변화를 의미합니다. 재생 가능 에너지를 선도하는 기업 중 하나는 매니토바 하이드로 (Manitoba Hydro)입니다. 매니토바 하이드로는 수십만 고객에게 전력을 공급하고 세계에서 가장 큰 수력 발전 댐 (MB Hydro, 2018)을 운영합니다. 매니토바 하이드로 화석 연료를 태워서 전기를 생산하는 대신 댐을 건축하고 터빈을 사용하여 떨어지는 물의 힘을 이용하여 전기를 생산합니다. 수력 발전은 순환 경제에서 전기가 어떻게 생성 될 수 있는지에 대한 완벽한 예입니다. 댐 건설의 과정은 사람과 환경에 부정적인 영향을 미치지 만, 생성 된 전기는 깨끗하고 완전히 재생 가능합니다. 1977 년 매니토바 하이드로 (Manitoba Hydro)가 건설 한 댐은 수백 평방 킬로미터의 홍수로 수백 명의 토착민들을 그들의 땅에서 옮겼습니다 (Puxely, 2015). 또한, 댐 건설은 엄청나게 비쌉니다. 2016 년 현재 Manitoba Hydro의 당기 순이익은 7100 만 달러 였고 장기 부채는 161 억 달러를 기록했다 (Kives, 2017). 수력 발전을 위해 필요한 막대한 자본 투자는 에너지 산업에서 광범위하게 채택되는 것을 막는 가장 큰 장애물입니다. 그러나 에너지 산업은 변화하고 있고 화석 연료 회사의 전통적인 비즈니스 모델은 더 이상 지속 가능하지 않습니다.\n\n유럽 ​​연합에서는 풍력, 수력 및 태양력과 같은 재생 가능한 자원을 사용하여 전기의 30 % 만 생성되지만 청정 에너지를 위해 그 수가 증가하고 있습니다 (Rathi, 2018). 재생 가능 에너지에 대한 추진은 정부가 탄소 협약에 의해 정해진 탄소 배출 목표를 달성하라는 압력을 받고있는 가운데 탄소세를 도입 한 많은 유럽 국가들이 추진하고 있습니다. 몫이 줄고 있지만 석탄과 천연 가스가 발전량의 40 %를 차지하는 반면 수력 발전은 11 %에 불과하다 (Rathi, 2018). 에너지 산업에 종사하는 기업은 여러 가지 이유로 수력 발전 기술에 투자함으로써 혜택을 볼 수 있습니다. 수력 발전은 와트 당 최저 비용을 가지며, 가장 신뢰할 수 있고 예측 가능한 에너지 출력을 가지며 풍력 ​​및 태양열과 비교하여 가장 낮은 유지 보수입니다 (Edvard, 2010). 청정 에너지와 순환 경제로의 전환은 지구의 생존에 필수적이며 낭비 할 시간이 없습니다.\n\nReferences Below\n\nCryderman, K. (2013, May 9). Alberta's oil sands crude: the science behind the debate. Retrieved from: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/industry-news/energy-and-resources/albertas-oil-sands-crude-the-science-behind-the-debate/article11837683/\nGovernment of Alberta. (2018). Oil Sands 101. Retrieved from: http://www.energy.gov.ab.ca/OS/AOS/Pages/OS101.aspx\nKives, B. (2017, July 28). Manitoba Hydro debt report. Retrieved from: http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/manitoba-hydro-debt-report-1.4226294\nManitoba Hydro. (2018). About us. Retrieved from: https://www.hydro.mb.ca/corporate/about_us.shtml\nNatural Resources Canada (NRC). (2016). Canada’s oil sands are the third largest proven oil reserve in the world. Retrieved from: https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/oil-sands/18094 2016-02-19\nPuxley, C. (2015, January 20). Manitoba Premier apologizes to First Nation for damage done by dam. Retrieved from: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/manitoba-premier-apologizes-to-first-nation-for-damage-done-by-dam/article22541829/\nRathi, A. (2018, January 31). Two countries are the reason the EU is hitting its ambitious renewable energy targets. Retrieved from: https://qz.com/1193603/two-countries-are-the-reason-the-eu-is-hitting-its-ambitious-renewable-energy-targets/\nSemeniuk, I. (2016, May 25). Oil sands found to be a leading source of air pollution in North America. Retrieved from: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/oil-sands-found-to-be-a-leading-source-of-air-pollution-in-north-america/article30151841/\nSuncor. (2014, September 18). Oil sands and the economy: 5 things you may not know. Retrieved from: http://osqar.suncor.com/2014/09/oil-sands-and-the-economy-5-things-you-may-not-know.html\nThe Economist. (2015, January 29). Growth shifting oil producing west back traditional economic heartland. Retrieved from: https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21641288-growth-shifting-oil-producing-west-back-traditional-economic-heartland Jan 29th 2015\nWingrove, J. (2013, January 7). Oil sands development polluting Alberta lakes: study. Retrieved from: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/oil-sands-development-polluting-alberta-lakes-study/article7014184/",
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      "body": "'담보 대출'이란 무엇입니까?\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmQEcd3NMfczRf4bhEJmtiu2G7sSGrdKqWuziaVLV9btP2/image.png)\n\n첫 번째 암호화 통화는 Bitcoin으로 2008 년 나토 모토 사토시로 알려진 익명의 코더가 설립했습니다.\n\n암호화 통화는 본질적으로 '디지털 현금'으로 분류 할 수 있으며 '피어 투 피어 전자 현금 시스템'의 일부로 존재합니다.\n\n중요한 테이크 어웨이 :\n\n암호화 통화가 소비되면 모든 거래는 돌이킬 수없고 영구적입니다. 암호화 통화는 안전망을 제공하지 않습니다.\n\n암호화 통화는 가명입니다. 그들은 실제 세계의 정체성이나 은행 계좌와 연결되어 있지 않습니다.\n\n암호화 통화는 빠르고 글로벌합니다. 이웃이나 전 세계로 돈이 이전되는지 여부에 관계없이 암호화 통화를 사용하는 트랜잭션은 수분 내에 확인됩니다.\n\n암호화 통화가 안전합니다. 암호화 통화는 공개 키 암호화 시스템, 즉 본질적으로 해킹 할 수없는 암호화 시스템에서 잠겨 있습니다.\n\n암호화 통화는 모든 사람을위한 것입니다. 암호화 통화는 모든 사람이 사용할 수 있으며 정부의 간섭으로부터 자유 롭습니다. 암호화 통화에 액세스하려면 무료로 소프트웨어를 다운로드하고 지갑을 채우기 만하면됩니다.\n\n암호화 통화는 미래입니다!",
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      "body": "A Brief Scholarly Paper By Yours Truly,\n \nAuthor: Pendennis Corner \n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmYhDotNY81WX8Wqe6VMBa76EFNnEiytudFnmu1gmCAmmH/image.png)\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmYmpS4yMQLWPj2Msub2ujknNqXZuQU6gmHgj9ZMgXJ5dd/image.png)\n\n\nMore than fifty years have passed since Bob Dylan said “The Times They Are a-Changin’” but the meaning behind his famous protest song couldn’t be more relevant today. Corporations seek to maximize shareholder value in any way they can, and ignore the human and environmental costs of their activities. But, times are changing, and the world is becoming aware of the price we pay for constant growth in the pursuit of profit. The energy industry is one of the world’s most destructive, but not invincible to changes in the global economy. One such change effecting the energy industry is the move towards a circular economy. \n\nThe energy industry is made up by companies that specialize in electrical power, oil, natural gas and coal extraction. One of the most destructive of which is the oil industry. In particular we will look at the oil production process in Canada’s Athabasca oil sands. Canada has the world’s third largest proven oil reserve, an estimated 200 billion barrels (Alberta Energy, 2018). The exploitation of these reserves has created billions for the Canadian economy and created thousands of jobs, but at a significant cost to the environment and human health. The production process of bitumen extraction from the oil sands is more destructive than any other method of extraction in the world (NRC, 2016). In order to access oil sand deposits forests are clear cut and land is dug up, then the oil sands are loaded in to 400-ton trucks and taken to extraction plants (Cryderman, 2013). At the extraction plant the oil sands are then broken down and diluted with water so the bitumen can be separated from the sand. After this, the bitumen is sent to the United States via pipeline to be refined and turned in to crude oil and then sold to the general market (Cryderman, 2013). \n\nThe environmental and social impacts of this process is astonishing. The sheer size of the Canadian oil sands is incredible. At 142,200 square kilometers it is larger than England and visible from outer space (Alberta Energy, 2018). Each stage of the production process carries massive environmental damage and risk. The mining stage has destroyed hundreds of thousands of square kilometers of pristine boreal forest, and a 2016 study found the oil sands refining stage to be the leading source of air pollution in North America (Semeniuk, 2016). Additionally, mining for oil sands has polluted countless lakes and rivers with high levels lead and arsenic, which has devastated some local indigenous communities (Wingrove, 2013). Studies have shown that toxins in water sources and air pollution have led to higher cancer rates and the destruction of traditional hunting and fishing grounds for many Indigenous people living near the oil sands (Wingrove, 2018). \n\nPublic opinion in Canada remains relatively positive when it comes to the oil sands despite the astonishing environmental and societal cost. Natural resource extraction is one of Canada’s strongest economic sectors, and oil extraction represents more than three percent of the GDP, and supports more than 500,000 jobs (The Economist, 2015). Oil companies pay billions in taxes and royalties every year, supporting many social programs Canadians depend on (Suncor, 2014). The economic impact of the oil sands are felt internationally, supporting jobs with many trading partners such as the United States and Mexico. The future of the oil sands remains controversial and uncertain due to recent changes in the energy sector such as the rise of renewable energy. \n\nFor the energy sector, moving towards a circular economy means changing from traditional fossil fuel extraction to renewable resource based energy. One such company that leads the way in renewable energy is Manitoba Hydro. Manitoba Hydro provides electrical power to hundreds of thousands of customers and operates some of the world’s largest hydroelectric dams (MB Hydro, 2018). Instead of generating electricity by burning fossil fuels, Manitoba Hydro produces electricity through building dams and then using turbines to harness the power of falling water. Hydroelectric power is a perfect example of how electricity can be generated in a circular economy. The electricity created is clean and completely renewable, though the process of building dams has had some negative impacts on people, and the environment. A dam built by Manitoba Hydro in 1977 caused hundreds of square kilometers of flooding and displaced hundreds of Indigenous people from their land (Puxely, 2015). In addition, the construction of dams is incredibly costly. As of 2016 Manitoba Hydro’s net income was CAD $71 million while it held $16.1 billion in long term debt (Kives, 2017). The massive capital investment needed to create hydroelectric power is the greatest obstacle preventing widespread adoption in the energy industry. However, the energy industry is changing and the traditional business model of fossil fuel companies is no longer sustainable.\n\nIn the European Union only 30 percent of electricity is generated using renewable resources such as wind, hydro, and solar power but the number are changing in favour of clean energy (Rathi, 2018). The push towards renewable energy is being driven by the many European countries that have introduced carbon taxes while governments are under pressure to meet carbon emissions targets set by the Paris Agreement. Though their shares have been decreasing, coal and natural gas account for 40 percent of electrical generation, while hydro and makes up a mere 11 percent (Rathi, 2018). Companies in the energy industry will benefit from investing in hydroelectric technology for many reasons. Hydroelectric power has the lowest cost per watt hour, has the most reliable and predictable energy output and is the lowest maintenance compared to wind and solar power (Edvard, 2010). The move toward clean energy and a circular economy is essential to the survival of the planet and there isn’t time to waste.\n\n\n\n\n\nReferences Below\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCryderman, K. (2013, May 9). Alberta's oil sands crude: the science behind the debate. Retrieved from: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/industry-news/energy-and-resources/albertas-oil-sands-crude-the-science-behind-the-debate/article11837683/\nGovernment of Alberta. (2018). Oil Sands 101. Retrieved from: http://www.energy.gov.ab.ca/OS/AOS/Pages/OS101.aspx \nKives, B. (2017, July 28). Manitoba Hydro debt report. Retrieved from: http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/manitoba-hydro-debt-report-1.4226294 \nManitoba Hydro. (2018). About us. Retrieved from: https://www.hydro.mb.ca/corporate/about_us.shtml \nNatural Resources Canada (NRC). (2016). Canada’s oil sands are the third largest proven oil reserve in the world. Retrieved from:  https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/oil-sands/18094 2016-02-19\nPuxley, C. (2015, January 20). Manitoba Premier apologizes to First Nation for damage done by dam. Retrieved from: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/manitoba-premier-apologizes-to-first-nation-for-damage-done-by-dam/article22541829/ \nRathi, A. (2018, January 31). Two countries are the reason the EU is hitting its ambitious renewable energy targets. Retrieved from: https://qz.com/1193603/two-countries-are-the-reason-the-eu-is-hitting-its-ambitious-renewable-energy-targets/ \nSemeniuk, I. (2016, May 25). Oil sands found to be a leading source of air pollution in North America. Retrieved from: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/oil-sands-found-to-be-a-leading-source-of-air-pollution-in-north-america/article30151841/ \nSuncor. (2014, September 18). Oil sands and the economy: 5 things you may not know. Retrieved from: http://osqar.suncor.com/2014/09/oil-sands-and-the-economy-5-things-you-may-not-know.html \nThe Economist. (2015, January 29). Growth shifting oil producing west back traditional economic heartland. Retrieved from: https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21641288-growth-shifting-oil-producing-west-back-traditional-economic-heartland Jan 29th 2015\nWingrove, J.  (2013, January 7). Oil sands development polluting Alberta lakes: study. Retrieved from: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/oil-sands-development-polluting-alberta-lakes-study/article7014184/",
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      "body": "A Brief Scholarly Paper By Yours Truly,\n \nAuthor: Pendennis Corner \n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmYhDotNY81WX8Wqe6VMBa76EFNnEiytudFnmu1gmCAmmH/image.png)\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmYmpS4yMQLWPj2Msub2ujknNqXZuQU6gmHgj9ZMgXJ5dd/image.png)\n\n\nMore than fifty years have passed since Bob Dylan said “The Times They Are a-Changin’” but the meaning behind his famous protest song couldn’t be more relevant today. Corporations seek to maximize shareholder value in any way they can, and ignore the human and environmental costs of their activities. But, times are changing, and the world is becoming aware of the price we pay for constant growth in the pursuit of profit. The energy industry is one of the world’s most destructive, but not invincible to changes in the global economy. One such change effecting the energy industry is the move towards a circular economy. \n\nThe energy industry is made up by companies that specialize in electrical power, oil, natural gas and coal extraction. One of the most destructive of which is the oil industry. In particular we will look at the oil production process in Canada’s Athabasca oil sands. Canada has the world’s third largest proven oil reserve, an estimated 200 billion barrels (Alberta Energy, 2018). The exploitation of these reserves has created billions for the Canadian economy and created thousands of jobs, but at a significant cost to the environment and human health. The production process of bitumen extraction from the oil sands is more destructive than any other method of extraction in the world (NRC, 2016). In order to access oil sand deposits forests are clear cut and land is dug up, then the oil sands are loaded in to 400-ton trucks and taken to extraction plants (Cryderman, 2013). At the extraction plant the oil sands are then broken down and diluted with water so the bitumen can be separated from the sand. After this, the bitumen is sent to the United States via pipeline to be refined and turned in to crude oil and then sold to the general market (Cryderman, 2013). \n\nThe environmental and social impacts of this process is astonishing. The sheer size of the Canadian oil sands is incredible. At 142,200 square kilometers it is larger than England and visible from outer space (Alberta Energy, 2018). Each stage of the production process carries massive environmental damage and risk. The mining stage has destroyed hundreds of thousands of square kilometers of pristine boreal forest, and a 2016 study found the oil sands refining stage to be the leading source of air pollution in North America (Semeniuk, 2016). Additionally, mining for oil sands has polluted countless lakes and rivers with high levels lead and arsenic, which has devastated some local indigenous communities (Wingrove, 2013). Studies have shown that toxins in water sources and air pollution have led to higher cancer rates and the destruction of traditional hunting and fishing grounds for many Indigenous people living near the oil sands (Wingrove, 2018). \n\nPublic opinion in Canada remains relatively positive when it comes to the oil sands despite the astonishing environmental and societal cost. Natural resource extraction is one of Canada’s strongest economic sectors, and oil extraction represents more than three percent of the GDP, and supports more than 500,000 jobs (The Economist, 2015). Oil companies pay billions in taxes and royalties every year, supporting many social programs Canadians depend on (Suncor, 2014). The economic impact of the oil sands are felt internationally, supporting jobs with many trading partners such as the United States and Mexico. The future of the oil sands remains controversial and uncertain due to recent changes in the energy sector such as the rise of renewable energy. \n\nFor the energy sector, moving towards a circular economy means changing from traditional fossil fuel extraction to renewable resource based energy. One such company that leads the way in renewable energy is Manitoba Hydro. Manitoba Hydro provides electrical power to hundreds of thousands of customers and operates some of the world’s largest hydroelectric dams (MB Hydro, 2018). Instead of generating electricity by burning fossil fuels, Manitoba Hydro produces electricity through building dams and then using turbines to harness the power of falling water. Hydroelectric power is a perfect example of how electricity can be generated in a circular economy. The electricity created is clean and completely renewable, though the process of building dams has had some negative impacts on people, and the environment. A dam built by Manitoba Hydro in 1977 caused hundreds of square kilometers of flooding and displaced hundreds of Indigenous people from their land (Puxely, 2015). In addition, the construction of dams is incredibly costly. As of 2016 Manitoba Hydro’s net income was CAD $71 million while it held $16.1 billion in long term debt (Kives, 2017). The massive capital investment needed to create hydroelectric power is the greatest obstacle preventing widespread adoption in the energy industry. However, the energy industry is changing and the traditional business model of fossil fuel companies is no longer sustainable.\n\nIn the European Union only 30 percent of electricity is generated using renewable resources such as wind, hydro, and solar power but the number are changing in favour of clean energy (Rathi, 2018). The push towards renewable energy is being driven by the many European countries that have introduced carbon taxes while governments are under pressure to meet carbon emissions targets set by the Paris Agreement. Though their shares have been decreasing, coal and natural gas account for 40 percent of electrical generation, while hydro and makes up a mere 11 percent (Rathi, 2018). Companies in the energy industry will benefit from investing in hydroelectric technology for many reasons. Hydroelectric power has the lowest cost per watt hour, has the most reliable and predictable energy output and is the lowest maintenance compared to wind and solar power (Edvard, 2010). The move toward clean energy and a circular economy is essential to the survival of the planet and there isn’t time to waste.\n\n\n\n\n\nReferences Below\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nCryderman, K. (2013, May 9). Alberta's oil sands crude: the science behind the debate. Retrieved from: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/industry-news/energy-and-resources/albertas-oil-sands-crude-the-science-behind-the-debate/article11837683/\nGovernment of Alberta. (2018). Oil Sands 101. Retrieved from: http://www.energy.gov.ab.ca/OS/AOS/Pages/OS101.aspx \nKives, B. (2017, July 28). Manitoba Hydro debt report. Retrieved from: http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/manitoba-hydro-debt-report-1.4226294 \nManitoba Hydro. (2018). About us. Retrieved from: https://www.hydro.mb.ca/corporate/about_us.shtml \nNatural Resources Canada (NRC). (2016). Canada’s oil sands are the third largest proven oil reserve in the world. Retrieved from:  https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/energy/oil-sands/18094 2016-02-19\nPuxley, C. (2015, January 20). Manitoba Premier apologizes to First Nation for damage done by dam. Retrieved from: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/manitoba-premier-apologizes-to-first-nation-for-damage-done-by-dam/article22541829/ \nRathi, A. (2018, January 31). Two countries are the reason the EU is hitting its ambitious renewable energy targets. Retrieved from: https://qz.com/1193603/two-countries-are-the-reason-the-eu-is-hitting-its-ambitious-renewable-energy-targets/ \nSemeniuk, I. (2016, May 25). Oil sands found to be a leading source of air pollution in North America. Retrieved from: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/oil-sands-found-to-be-a-leading-source-of-air-pollution-in-north-america/article30151841/ \nSuncor. (2014, September 18). Oil sands and the economy: 5 things you may not know. Retrieved from: http://osqar.suncor.com/2014/09/oil-sands-and-the-economy-5-things-you-may-not-know.html \nThe Economist. (2015, January 29). Growth shifting oil producing west back traditional economic heartland. Retrieved from: https://www.economist.com/news/americas/21641288-growth-shifting-oil-producing-west-back-traditional-economic-heartland Jan 29th 2015\nWingrove, J.  (2013, January 7). Oil sands development polluting Alberta lakes: study. Retrieved from: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/oil-sands-development-polluting-alberta-lakes-study/article7014184/",
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      "body": "What is a 'CRYPTOCURRENCY'?\n![1_k_he35uvdrcimg4oqhbtzg.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmUSZPzo6YKRzwjC7wqoXXDVdBULDtvSLgdqcYJMjg5NqN/1_k_he35uvdrcimg4oqhbtzg.jpeg)\nThe first Cryptocurrency created was Bitcoin, established in 2008 by an anonymous coder known only as Satoshi Nakamoto.  \n\nCryptocurrencies can essentially be labeled 'digital cash' and exist as part of a 'Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System'. \n\nImportant takeaways:\n\nWhen Cryptocurrencies are spent, all transactions are irreversible and permanent. Cryptocurrencies provide no safety net.\n\nCryptocurrencies are pseudonymous. They are not connected to real-world identities or banking accounts.\n\nCryptocurrencies are fast and global. Transactions using Cryptocurrencies are confirmed within minutes, whether money is transferred to a neighbour or across the world. \n\nCryptocurrencies are secure. Cryptocurrencies are locked in a public key cryptography system --- an encryption system that is essentially unhackable. \n\nCryptocurrencies are for everyone. Cryptocurrencies are available to everyone and free from government interference. To access Cryptocurrencies you can simply download software for free and start filling your wallet.\n\nCryptocurrencies are the future!",
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