Ecoer Logo
VOTING POWER100.00%
DOWNVOTE POWER100.00%
RESOURCE CREDITS100.00%
REPUTATION PROGRESS0.00%
Net Worth
0.047USD
STEEM
0.000STEEM
SBD
0.021SBD
Effective Power
5.007SP
├── Own SP
0.630SP
└── Incoming Deleg
+4.377SP

Detailed Balance

STEEM
balance
0.000STEEM
market_balance
0.000STEEM
savings_balance
0.000STEEM
reward_steem_balance
0.000STEEM
STEEM POWER
Own SP
0.630SP
Delegated Out
0.000SP
Delegation In
4.377SP
Effective Power
5.007SP
Reward SP (pending)
0.005SP
SBD
sbd_balance
0.000SBD
sbd_conversions
0.000SBD
sbd_market_balance
0.000SBD
savings_sbd_balance
0.000SBD
reward_sbd_balance
0.021SBD
{
  "balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "vesting_shares": "1024.287231 VESTS",
  "delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "received_vesting_shares": "7119.372575 VESTS",
  "sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "reward_sbd_balance": "0.021 SBD",
  "conversions": []
}

Account Info

namehapibeer
id573753
rank1,341,732
reputation205788386
created2018-01-07T00:08:36
recovery_accountsteem
proxyNone
post_count9
comment_count0
lifetime_vote_count0
witnesses_voted_for0
last_post2018-01-07T15:32:09
last_root_post2018-01-07T15:32:09
last_vote_time2018-01-07T15:32:09
proxied_vsf_votes0, 0, 0, 0
can_vote1
voting_power0
delayed_votes0
balance0.000 STEEM
savings_balance0.000 STEEM
sbd_balance0.000 SBD
savings_sbd_balance0.000 SBD
vesting_shares1024.287231 VESTS
delegated_vesting_shares0.000000 VESTS
received_vesting_shares7119.372575 VESTS
reward_vesting_balance10.239210 VESTS
vesting_balance0.000 STEEM
vesting_withdraw_rate0.000000 VESTS
next_vesting_withdrawal1969-12-31T23:59:59
withdrawn0
to_withdraw0
withdraw_routes0
savings_withdraw_requests0
last_account_recovery1970-01-01T00:00:00
reset_accountnull
last_owner_update1970-01-01T00:00:00
last_account_update1970-01-01T00:00:00
minedNo
sbd_seconds0
sbd_last_interest_payment1970-01-01T00:00:00
savings_sbd_last_interest_payment1970-01-01T00:00:00
{
  "id": 573753,
  "name": "hapibeer",
  "owner": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM4vLAW2CEMw8EKwszYAeHv2Dp4AcPi9JMiBzf3VJVSarVqF8GRb",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "active": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM8aZMP52Jbk73KyEJVrPvkJfPdSb4Fe5HjZo4CjVZBsCUSFww7S",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "posting": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM62YteomQJ6EaYo5sRZARk3H5m5uo2NDtsm9mD2hPaGTpnf6HbT",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "memo_key": "STM7u57UN22ur5Y8js1qT4QVSwvj7njQuz78pU4f44CZE3tdr3B6p",
  "json_metadata": "",
  "posting_json_metadata": "",
  "proxy": "",
  "last_owner_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "last_account_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "created": "2018-01-07T00:08:36",
  "mined": false,
  "recovery_account": "steem",
  "last_account_recovery": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "reset_account": "null",
  "comment_count": 0,
  "lifetime_vote_count": 0,
  "post_count": 9,
  "can_vote": true,
  "voting_manabar": {
    "current_mana": "8143659806",
    "last_update_time": 1779065907
  },
  "downvote_manabar": {
    "current_mana": 2035914951,
    "last_update_time": 1779065907
  },
  "voting_power": 0,
  "balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "sbd_seconds": "0",
  "sbd_seconds_last_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "savings_sbd_seconds": "0",
  "savings_sbd_seconds_last_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_withdraw_requests": 0,
  "reward_sbd_balance": "0.021 SBD",
  "reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reward_vesting_balance": "10.239210 VESTS",
  "reward_vesting_steem": "0.005 STEEM",
  "vesting_shares": "1024.287231 VESTS",
  "delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "received_vesting_shares": "7119.372575 VESTS",
  "vesting_withdraw_rate": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "next_vesting_withdrawal": "1969-12-31T23:59:59",
  "withdrawn": 0,
  "to_withdraw": 0,
  "withdraw_routes": 0,
  "curation_rewards": 0,
  "posting_rewards": 9,
  "proxied_vsf_votes": [
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0
  ],
  "witnesses_voted_for": 0,
  "last_post": "2018-01-07T15:32:09",
  "last_root_post": "2018-01-07T15:32:09",
  "last_vote_time": "2018-01-07T15:32:09",
  "post_bandwidth": 0,
  "pending_claimed_accounts": 0,
  "vesting_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reputation": 205788386,
  "transfer_history": [],
  "market_history": [],
  "post_history": [],
  "vote_history": [],
  "other_history": [],
  "witness_votes": [],
  "tags_usage": [],
  "guest_bloggers": [],
  "rank": 1341732
}

Withdraw Routes

IncomingOutgoing
Empty
Empty
{
  "incoming": [],
  "outgoing": []
}
From Date
To Date
steemdelegated 4.377 SP to @hapibeer
2026/05/18 00:58:27
delegateehapibeer
delegatorsteem
vesting shares7119.372575 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #106144310/Trx 34277f3f83aaabe25fc6c132f9e1193dd2c73db4
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 106144310,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "hapibeer",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "7119.372575 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-05-18T00:58:27",
  "trx_id": "34277f3f83aaabe25fc6c132f9e1193dd2c73db4",
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 2.709 SP to @hapibeer
2026/05/12 06:45:36
delegateehapibeer
delegatorsteem
vesting shares4407.162170 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #105979206/Trx 89b5238055ebef2ab1540651e250c0262e4776f3
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 105979206,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "hapibeer",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "4407.162170 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-05-12T06:45:36",
  "trx_id": "89b5238055ebef2ab1540651e250c0262e4776f3",
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 4.385 SP to @hapibeer
2026/04/26 00:18:03
delegateehapibeer
delegatorsteem
vesting shares7131.888331 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #105511939/Trx a6800da53d8d5cfd4b0b907107b902958a213d43
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 105511939,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "hapibeer",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "7131.888331 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-04-26T00:18:03",
  "trx_id": "a6800da53d8d5cfd4b0b907107b902958a213d43",
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 2.735 SP to @hapibeer
2026/01/23 09:43:48
delegateehapibeer
delegatorsteem
vesting shares4448.708989 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #102854122/Trx d3d2353dbed16933fcc5cb0e20b9c4b2e186188c
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 102854122,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "hapibeer",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "4448.708989 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-01-23T09:43:48",
  "trx_id": "d3d2353dbed16933fcc5cb0e20b9c4b2e186188c",
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 2.836 SP to @hapibeer
2024/12/17 05:01:57
delegateehapibeer
delegatorsteem
vesting shares4612.928186 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #91300506/Trx a42fcad8f6f16e118fd48dcee2ce1fc8bbde7728
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 91300506,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "hapibeer",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "4612.928186 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2024-12-17T05:01:57",
  "trx_id": "a42fcad8f6f16e118fd48dcee2ce1fc8bbde7728",
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 2.940 SP to @hapibeer
2023/11/13 20:44:30
delegateehapibeer
delegatorsteem
vesting shares4782.061718 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #79854698/Trx 0bff9da77b3369d70ec18638c43bf9cfeaf1fa9e
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 79854698,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "hapibeer",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "4782.061718 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2023-11-13T20:44:30",
  "trx_id": "0bff9da77b3369d70ec18638c43bf9cfeaf1fa9e",
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 4.746 SP to @hapibeer
2023/09/21 22:40:36
delegateehapibeer
delegatorsteem
vesting shares7719.340504 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #78348842/Trx 9d0e59f0b97381024afacd7a9288ad8c8e69c329
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 78348842,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "hapibeer",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "7719.340504 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2023-09-21T22:40:36",
  "trx_id": "9d0e59f0b97381024afacd7a9288ad8c8e69c329",
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 4.882 SP to @hapibeer
2022/11/03 12:21:45
delegateehapibeer
delegatorsteem
vesting shares7941.021942 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #69114050/Trx d9f9e5542e82b29d4a3e181575ebb554cb3901e2
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 69114050,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "hapibeer",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "7941.021942 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2022-11-03T12:21:45",
  "trx_id": "d9f9e5542e82b29d4a3e181575ebb554cb3901e2",
  "trx_in_block": 3,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 5.018 SP to @hapibeer
2022/01/17 11:34:24
delegateehapibeer
delegatorsteem
vesting shares8161.555173 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #60810151/Trx d176a652075c41a9a74195d58f36916232385759
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 60810151,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "hapibeer",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "8161.555173 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2022-01-17T11:34:24",
  "trx_id": "d176a652075c41a9a74195d58f36916232385759",
  "trx_in_block": 9,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 5.131 SP to @hapibeer
2021/06/14 01:27:57
delegateehapibeer
delegatorsteem
vesting shares8345.323831 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #54608501/Trx f2112e6d5f496dc96ad5d4488b5ee7e05980f2b4
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 54608501,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "hapibeer",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "8345.323831 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2021-06-14T01:27:57",
  "trx_id": "f2112e6d5f496dc96ad5d4488b5ee7e05980f2b4",
  "trx_in_block": 5,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 5.246 SP to @hapibeer
2020/12/11 11:45:45
delegateehapibeer
delegatorsteem
vesting shares8532.745805 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #49355933/Trx e3009088cf3a42deebb246cef04d7c11471122b4
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 49355933,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "hapibeer",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "8532.745805 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-12-11T11:45:45",
  "trx_id": "e3009088cf3a42deebb246cef04d7c11471122b4",
  "trx_in_block": 5,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 1.176 SP to @hapibeer
2020/12/06 05:22:48
delegateehapibeer
delegatorsteem
vesting shares1912.543513 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #49207490/Trx b77b690496fc268c36f4344df9e7c42fa922654f
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 49207490,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "hapibeer",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "1912.543513 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-12-06T05:22:48",
  "trx_id": "b77b690496fc268c36f4344df9e7c42fa922654f",
  "trx_in_block": 7,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 5.250 SP to @hapibeer
2020/12/05 15:23:42
delegateehapibeer
delegatorsteem
vesting shares8538.953659 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #49191026/Trx 34286f08d957e557cb6887b3e1b39449b0c4162c
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 49191026,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "hapibeer",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "8538.953659 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-12-05T15:23:42",
  "trx_id": "34286f08d957e557cb6887b3e1b39449b0c4162c",
  "trx_in_block": 8,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 1.180 SP to @hapibeer
2020/11/02 16:57:21
delegateehapibeer
delegatorsteem
vesting shares1920.017158 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #48259350/Trx d805c57e75285c47b93dad38ab204de87c8f0b88
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 48259350,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "hapibeer",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "1920.017158 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-11-02T16:57:21",
  "trx_id": "d805c57e75285c47b93dad38ab204de87c8f0b88",
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 5.374 SP to @hapibeer
2020/05/09 06:20:54
delegateehapibeer
delegatorsteem
vesting shares8741.759018 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #43217751/Trx 60ed833bc79d1e6ac04ed5bd442d1c12d1e28de9
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 43217751,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "hapibeer",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "8741.759018 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-09T06:20:54",
  "trx_id": "60ed833bc79d1e6ac04ed5bd442d1c12d1e28de9",
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 1.201 SP to @hapibeer
2020/05/08 10:02:57
delegateehapibeer
delegatorsteem
vesting shares1953.311140 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #43193961/Trx 3c7c56d66d90755dd82734277d961ac0790066dc
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 43193961,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "hapibeer",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "1953.311140 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-08T10:02:57",
  "trx_id": "3c7c56d66d90755dd82734277d961ac0790066dc",
  "trx_in_block": 21,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 5.382 SP to @hapibeer
2020/04/16 00:18:33
delegateehapibeer
delegatorsteem
vesting shares8754.646466 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #42565688/Trx e20f9e7ac692811714acfccba18a3b58c47cc649
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 42565688,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "hapibeer",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "8754.646466 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-04-16T00:18:33",
  "trx_id": "e20f9e7ac692811714acfccba18a3b58c47cc649",
  "trx_in_block": 20,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
2020/01/07 05:52:18
authorsteemitboard
bodyCongratulations @hapibeer! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@hapibeer/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table> <sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@hapibeer) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=hapibeer)_</sub> ###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!
json metadata{"image":["https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png"]}
parent authorhapibeer
parent permlinkbigger-ships-to-drive-yangtze-growth
permlinksteemitboard-notify-hapibeer-20200107t055218000z
title
Transaction InfoBlock #39711848/Trx 07d08c49c27964ca9fde983c82e26ab10eba0620
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 39711848,
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "author": "steemitboard",
      "body": "Congratulations @hapibeer! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@hapibeer/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@hapibeer) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=hapibeer)_</sub>\n\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
      "json_metadata": "{\"image\":[\"https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png\"]}",
      "parent_author": "hapibeer",
      "parent_permlink": "bigger-ships-to-drive-yangtze-growth",
      "permlink": "steemitboard-notify-hapibeer-20200107t055218000z",
      "title": ""
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-01-07T05:52:18",
  "trx_id": "07d08c49c27964ca9fde983c82e26ab10eba0620",
  "trx_in_block": 12,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 5.503 SP to @hapibeer
2019/05/12 17:23:30
delegateehapibeer
delegatorsteem
vesting shares8950.263279 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #32848473/Trx 827a24b73104c21f647b23922a1521236ac91357
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 32848473,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "hapibeer",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "8950.263279 VESTS"
    }
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2019/01/07 02:15:51
authorsteemitboard
bodyCongratulations @hapibeer! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@hapibeer/birthday1.png</td><td>1 Year on Steemit</td></tr></table> <sub>_[Click here to view your Board](https://steemitboard.com/@hapibeer)_</sub> > Support [SteemitBoard's project](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)! **[Vote for its witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1)** and **get one more award**!
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steemdelegated 5.625 SP to @hapibeer
2018/05/16 20:19:54
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hapibeerreceived 0.016 SBD, 0.004 SP author reward for @hapibeer / senior-officials-role-crucial-xi-says-xi-s-moments
2018/01/14 14:08:33
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hapibeerreceived 0.005 SBD, 0.003 SP author reward for @hapibeer / 6dvvad
2018/01/14 00:33:33
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steemdelegated 18.260 SP to @hapibeer
2018/01/08 19:32:06
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2018/01/07 16:56:42
authorsteemcleaners
bodyNot indicating that the content you copy/paste is not your original work could be seen as [plagiarism. ](http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism/) These are some tips on how to share content and add value: - Using a few sentences from your source in “quotes.” Use HTML tags or markdown ">" before the quote. - Linking to your sources. - Include your own original thoughts and ideas on what you have shared. - The quotes should not cover more than 50% of the whole post. At least 50% of the content should be original. Repeated plagiarized posts are considered spam. Spam is discouraged by the community, and may result in action from the [cheetah bot](https://steemit.com/steemitabuse/@cheetah/cheetah-bot-explained). Creative Commons: If you are posting content under a Creative Commons license, please attribute and link according to the specific license. If you are posting content under CC0 or Public Domain please consider noting that at the end of your post. If you are actually the original author, please do reply to let us know! Thank You! More Info: <a href="https://steemit.com/steemcleaners/@steemcleaners/abuse-guide-2017-update">Abuse Guide - 2017</a>.
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2018/01/07 16:52:45
authorcheetah
bodyHi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in: http://www.ecns.cn/business/2018/01-06/287221.shtml
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2018/01/07 15:32:09
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2018/01/07 15:32:09
authorhapibeer
bodyLarger, more efficient river-going cargo ships are being built to support China's plan to develop the Yangtze River Economic Belt into a new growth engine for the country. At Zhejiang Zengzhou Ship Building Co, Li Dan and his workers have been busy for over eight months building a ship that carries twice as much cargo as most of the ships plying the Yangtze River, the country's longest and the world's third-longest river. "The ship, with a designed loading capacity of 20,000 metric tons, will be handed over to the customer in two more months for transporting iron ore," said Li, deputy general manager of Zhejiang province shipyard. These larger ships are more efficient because on each trip they can carry more of the cargo they pick up at coastal ports, where it is offloaded by giant oceangoing vessels too large for the journey up the Yangtze. Since September 2016, giant Valemax vessels — each with a capacity of up to 400,000 metric tons dead weight — have been used to carry iron ore from Brazil to Zhejiang's Ningbo-Zhoushan port, a giant facility that includes the coastal city of Ningbo and the Zhoushan Islands. Ore has been transferred to much smaller vessels, most with a load capacity of less than 10,000 metric tons, for the trip to inland cities along the Yangtze. To optimize logistics along the river, Chinese transportation authorities in March 2017 instituted a guideline for building efficient ships suitable for ocean and sea operations. "Cities including Wuhan in Hubei province and Ma'anshan in Anhui province along the Yangtze River are the largest consumers of iron ore," said Suo Xudong, deputy head of the Zhoushan Port & Shipping Administration Bureau. A 20,000-ton vessel is able to reach as far as Ma'anshan, where the Ma'anshan Iron and Steel Group, one of the country's largest steelmakers, is located, Suo said. Beyond that, smaller vessels must still be used. "The bigger ship will help bring down logistics costs by at least 20 yuan to 30 yuan ($3 to $4.60) for each ton to Ma'anshan, compared with current smaller vessels," he said. That cost differential is significant to steel producers, he added. Xu Xiaoyue, deputy mayor of Zhoushan, said ensuring smooth waterborne traffic and facilitating the connection of traffic hubs is a key part in the development plan of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Such measures can add up: The Yangtze is the world's busiest inland river in terms of main waterway cargo volume, according to the Yangtze River Navigational Affairs Administration of the Ministry of Transport. The river saw the cargo volume on its main waterway reach 2.5 billion tons in 2017, up 8.2 percent. The average tonnage of cargo ships on the main waterway has grown to 1,630 tons, according to figures released by the administration on Friday.
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2018/01/07 15:02:36
authorcheetah
bodyHi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in: http://www.ecns.cn/2018/01-06/287205.shtml
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2018/01/07 15:02:30
authorhapibeer
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2018/01/07 14:09:15
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2018/01/07 14:08:33
authorhapibeer
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2018/01/07 14:08:33
authorhapibeer
bodyPresident Xi Jinping said on Friday that members of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and provincial- and ministerial-level officials are "crucial" to the sound governance of the Party and the country. Xi, also general secretary of the CPC Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, made the remarks at the opening of a workshop attended by newly elected members and alternate members of the CPC Central Committee, as well as provincial- and ministerial-level officials. Xi called on such officials to raise their political awareness, adopt a historical perspective, reinforce theoretical thinking, think in big-picture terms and improve their knowledge and intellectual attainments to think about and understand major theoretical and practical issues with a broader perspective. The workshop focused on the study and implementation of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and the spirit of the CPC's 19th National Congress. The senior officials should take an active role in striving for the goals set by the Party's 19th National Congress and in making new progress in building socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era, Xi said. Socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era is a great outcome achieved in the process of the Chinese people's great socialist revolution under the leadership of the CPC, which must be adhered to without any change, Xi said. He added that socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era is derived from the great practice of China's reform and opening-up in past decades, the continuing exploration since the founding of the People's Republic of China nearly 70 years ago, and the great revolutionary practice since the founding of the CPC 97 years ago. The CPC and Chinese people have experienced numerous difficulties and paid various prices to achieve the outcome of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era, which has great significance for scientific socialism and global socialism, Xi said. He told the senior officials that they should not forget their identities of being a Communist and revolutionist, and they should never forget revolutionary spirit, no matter how great the achievements that the Party has already made. Governing the Party with strict discipline is an outstanding characteristic of the CPC, Xi said, adding that the Party will spare no efforts to fight corruption and practice self-buildup. The president warned that the Party is facing an unprecedentedly grave challenge in the process of leading the national rejuvenation, given that elements still exist that could erode the Party's purity. Xi urged the senior officials to take a lesson from history, remain diligent and practice frugality to prevent corruption. Senior officials are crucial to building the Party, and they must have firm political belief, maintain the authority of the CPC Central Committee and put the people in their heart, he said. Xi said senior officials must listen to the voices of the people, accept the people's supervision, reflect on their behavior, serve the people and say no to undesirable work styles, including extravagance and hedonism. All the leaders must restrict themselves from trivial issues, boost clean governance and oppose privilege, he said, adding that the officials must get used to working under supervision and restriction.
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      "body": "President Xi Jinping said on Friday that members of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and provincial- and ministerial-level officials are \"crucial\" to the sound governance of the Party and the country.\n\n\nXi, also general secretary of the CPC Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, made the remarks at the opening of a workshop attended by newly elected members and alternate members of the CPC Central Committee, as well as provincial- and ministerial-level officials.\n\nXi called on such officials to raise their political awareness, adopt a historical perspective, reinforce theoretical thinking, think in big-picture terms and improve their knowledge and intellectual attainments to think about and understand major theoretical and practical issues with a broader perspective.\n\n\n\nThe workshop focused on the study and implementation of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and the spirit of the CPC's 19th National Congress.\n\nThe senior officials should take an active role in striving for the goals set by the Party's 19th National Congress and in making new progress in building socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era, Xi said.\n\nSocialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era is a great outcome achieved in the process of the Chinese people's great socialist revolution under the leadership of the CPC, which must be adhered to without any change, Xi said.\n\nHe added that socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era is derived from the great practice of China's reform and opening-up in past decades, the continuing exploration since the founding of the People's Republic of China nearly 70 years ago, and the great revolutionary practice since the founding of the CPC 97 years ago.\n\n\n\nThe CPC and Chinese people have experienced numerous difficulties and paid various prices to achieve the outcome of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era, which has great significance for scientific socialism and global socialism, Xi said.\n\nHe told the senior officials that they should not forget their identities of being a Communist and revolutionist, and they should never forget revolutionary spirit, no matter how great the achievements that the Party has already made.\n\nGoverning the Party with strict discipline is an outstanding characteristic of the CPC, Xi said, adding that the Party will spare no efforts to fight corruption and practice self-buildup.\n\nThe president warned that the Party is facing an unprecedentedly grave challenge in the process of leading the national rejuvenation, given that elements still exist that could erode the Party's purity.\n\nXi urged the senior officials to take a lesson from history, remain diligent and practice frugality to prevent corruption.\n\nSenior officials are crucial to building the Party, and they must have firm political belief, maintain the authority of the CPC Central Committee and put the people in their heart, he said.\n\nXi said senior officials must listen to the voices of the people, accept the people's supervision, reflect on their behavior, serve the people and say no to undesirable work styles, including extravagance and hedonism.\n\nAll the leaders must restrict themselves from trivial issues, boost clean governance and oppose privilege, he said, adding that the officials must get used to working under supervision and restriction.",
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2018/01/07 13:38:57
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2018/01/07 13:38:54
authorwangzhengshou
body朋友,我们同一天注册的哟,一块努力,我已经关注你啦,你也关注我吧
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2018/01/07 13:26:45
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hapibeerpublished a new post: weekend-where-to-go-200
2018/01/07 13:26:45
authorhapibeer
bodyIn 1793, a young British man named William Alexander arrived in China. It was his first time in the Middle Kingdom. 1793年, 英国青年威廉·亚历山大第一次踏上了中国的土地。 The 26-year-old Alexander was an artist with Britain's first diplomatic mission to China, led by George Macartney (1737-1806). 亚历山大以艺术家的身份加入了英国首个出访中国的外交代表团,而它的领队正是乔治·马戛尔尼。(这个细节大概历史老师都没说过。) ▲马戛尔尼,存于英国国家肖像馆 The delegation, known as the Macartney embassy, attempted to open up ports to British trade and establish diplomatic relations with the Qing government. 这个代表团日后被称为马戛尔尼使团,它的使命是寻求与清政府建立外交、贸易关系的可能性。 Alexander's task was to document the voyage. Altogether, he produced more than 2,000 sketches and watercolors. 亚历山大用画笔记录下使团的此次中国之行。他总共绘制了超过2000幅的速写和水彩。 Some of the paintings he went on to reproduce as engravings, upon his return to London. 在回到伦敦以后,他又将其中的一些画刻印成版画。 He was particularly impressed by the Chinese style of fortresses and traditional pailou arches. 在亚历山大的中国之行中,给他留下印象的有传统的牌楼和碉堡。 This engraving is richly detailed. It shows officials overseeing the punishment of three men in front of a pailou, behind which the audience watch a performance on a raised theater stage. 这幅版画描绘了许多细节,比如牌楼前被惩戒的人和一旁监督的官员,牌楼后面观看戏台演出的人群。 Another shows the Emperor Qianlong, then 82, being carried into a large, domed tent as part of a grand ceremony to receive the British delegation. 亚历山大还见证了82岁的乾隆皇帝接见马戛尔尼使团的盛大场面。下面这幅版画画的就是82岁的乾隆在会见之前被抬着进入一顶圆顶的大帐篷。 This historic meeting took place in Chengde, rather than Beijing. 这次历史性的会见在承德举行,而非北京。 Alexander also painted a portrait of emperor, revealing how he looked to Western eyes: 亚历山大还绘制了一幅乾隆皇帝的肖像。在一个西方观察者的眼中,中国最高统治者的形象是这样的: The British delegation was escorted to a residence near Yuanmingyuan, the Old Summer Palace, where the gifts they had brought were put on display. 英国使团随后被护送到圆明园附近的一处居所下榻,而他们带来的礼物就在圆明园展出。 This engraving of Alexander's shows a picturesque part of the palace, which was burned down in 1860. 在这幅版画中,亚历山大呈现了圆明园的秀丽景色。这所万园之园随后在1860年被焚毁。 Alexander's engravings are now on show at the Arthur M. Sackler Museum of Art and Archaeology in Peking University. 亚历山大的这组版画现在来到了位于北京大学的赛克勒考古与艺术博物馆展出。 They are part of an ongoing exhibition titled From Hogarth to Turner, which celebrates the golden age of British painting from the 18th to 19th centuries. 这次名为“从霍加斯到特纳”的展览带来了英国版画艺术在18-19世纪达到黄金时期的作品。 These prints were purchased and donated to the museum by Donald Stone, 74, who has been teaching English literature at Peking University since 2006. 这些版画均来自唐纳德·斯通教授的购藏,并已被捐赠给赛克勒博物馆。今年已经74岁的斯通教授从2006年起就在北大英文系执教。 Professor Stone has been an avid collector for nearly six decades, developing a particular interest in English drawings over the past 43 years. 斯通教授本人热衷于艺术品的收藏,已经持续了60年的时间,特别对于英国绘画的收藏也有43年的时间,可以说对于英国绘画有着极大的兴趣。 You probably don't know much about British lithographs of the 18th and 19th centuries, but this exhibition has brought together the most creative artists of that period, and shows how their booming popularity was bolstered by the wide-spread application of printing technology. 对于18-19世纪的英国版画,你可能了解得不多。这次的展览就聚集了当时最具有创造力的英国艺术家,同时也展现了印刷技术的广泛运用如何让艺术家的作品备受欢迎。 My favorite is a set of four engravings by William Hogarth (1697-1764) called Four Times of Day, which vividly depicts day-to-day life in 18th century London. 我自己很喜欢威廉·哈格斯的一组版画。这套名为《伦敦一天中的四个时刻》的作品生动刻画了伦敦普通市民的日常生活。 How well do you know the British capital? See if you can recognize any of the famous landmarks featured in this collection of works. 如果你很熟悉伦敦,那来看看你能否认出画中的一些景点。 Morning shows St Paul's Church in Covent Garden, with the notorious Tom King's Coffee House in front — a known location for prostitutes to meet customers. 《早晨》中出现了位于考文特公园的圣保罗教堂;教堂前面是一家因为娼妓和嫖客出入而臭名昭著的小咖啡馆兼酒馆。 In Noon, a busy street scene on present-day Charing Cross Road shows people wearing French-style clothing — believed to be Huguenot refugees from France. The church of St Giles-in-the-Fields can be seen in the background. 《午间》的远景是圣基尔斯教堂,而近景的街道上有许多法式着装的人,据此判断这很可能是今天的查令十字街,因为它曾经是法国难民居住的地方。 Evening shows a couple passing by Sadler Wells Theater, on the left. Can you spot anything unusual about the pair? 《傍晚》中的左侧是萨德勒威尔斯剧院。这幅画里还有一处有意思的细节,就在画中心的这对正在散步的夫妇身上。 The man holds a girl in his arms and has a pair of horns growing out of his head, indicating that he is a cuckold and his wife is pregnant with another man. 我们可以看到丈夫怀抱着一个小女孩,而奇怪的是他的脑袋上长着一对犄角。斯通教授解释说,根据当时的风俗,这对犄角暗示男人身边的妻子出轨,怀上了别人的孩子。 In Night, a bronze equestrian statue of Charles II can be seen in the distance. 《午夜》的远景里有一座骑马的查尔斯二世铜像。 While other engravings show St. James' Park, Buckingham Palace and Westminster Abbey. 说到伦敦,怎能没有圣詹姆斯公园,白金汉宫和威斯敏斯特教堂呢? So come enjoy a time-traveling tour of 18th-century London. 有时间的话就来赛克勒吧,让我们穿越时空,回到18世纪的伦敦。
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      "body": "In 1793, a young British man named William Alexander arrived in China. It was his first time in the Middle Kingdom.\n\n1793年, 英国青年威廉·亚历山大第一次踏上了中国的土地。\n \nThe 26-year-old Alexander was an artist with Britain's first diplomatic mission to China, led by George Macartney (1737-1806).\n\n亚历山大以艺术家的身份加入了英国首个出访中国的外交代表团,而它的领队正是乔治·马戛尔尼。(这个细节大概历史老师都没说过。)\n\n\n▲马戛尔尼,存于英国国家肖像馆\n\nThe delegation, known as the Macartney embassy, attempted to open up ports to British trade and establish diplomatic relations with the Qing government.\n\n这个代表团日后被称为马戛尔尼使团,它的使命是寻求与清政府建立外交、贸易关系的可能性。\n\nAlexander's task was to document the voyage. Altogether, he produced more than 2,000 sketches and watercolors.\n\n亚历山大用画笔记录下使团的此次中国之行。他总共绘制了超过2000幅的速写和水彩。\n\nSome of the paintings he went on to reproduce as engravings, upon his return to London.\n \n在回到伦敦以后,他又将其中的一些画刻印成版画。\n \nHe was particularly impressed by the Chinese style of fortresses and traditional pailou arches.\n \n在亚历山大的中国之行中,给他留下印象的有传统的牌楼和碉堡。\n\n\n\nThis engraving is richly detailed. It shows officials overseeing the punishment of three men in front of a pailou, behind which the audience watch a performance on a raised theater stage.\n \n这幅版画描绘了许多细节,比如牌楼前被惩戒的人和一旁监督的官员,牌楼后面观看戏台演出的人群。\n \nAnother shows the Emperor Qianlong, then 82, being carried into a large, domed tent as part of a grand ceremony to receive the British delegation.\n \n亚历山大还见证了82岁的乾隆皇帝接见马戛尔尼使团的盛大场面。下面这幅版画画的就是82岁的乾隆在会见之前被抬着进入一顶圆顶的大帐篷。\n\n\n\nThis historic meeting took place in Chengde, rather than Beijing.\n\n这次历史性的会见在承德举行,而非北京。\n \nAlexander also painted a portrait of emperor, revealing how he looked to Western eyes:\n \n亚历山大还绘制了一幅乾隆皇帝的肖像。在一个西方观察者的眼中,中国最高统治者的形象是这样的:\n\nThe British delegation was escorted to a residence near Yuanmingyuan, the Old Summer Palace, where the gifts they had brought were put on display.\n \n英国使团随后被护送到圆明园附近的一处居所下榻,而他们带来的礼物就在圆明园展出。\n\n\n\nThis engraving of Alexander's shows a picturesque part of the palace, which was burned down in 1860.\n \n在这幅版画中,亚历山大呈现了圆明园的秀丽景色。这所万园之园随后在1860年被焚毁。\n \nAlexander's engravings are now on show at the Arthur M. Sackler Museum of Art and Archaeology in Peking University.\n \n亚历山大的这组版画现在来到了位于北京大学的赛克勒考古与艺术博物馆展出。\n\nThey are part of an ongoing exhibition titled From Hogarth to Turner, which celebrates the golden age of British painting from the 18th to 19th centuries.\n\n这次名为“从霍加斯到特纳”的展览带来了英国版画艺术在18-19世纪达到黄金时期的作品。\nThese prints were purchased and donated to the museum by Donald Stone, 74, who has been teaching English literature at Peking University since 2006.\n \n这些版画均来自唐纳德·斯通教授的购藏,并已被捐赠给赛克勒博物馆。今年已经74岁的斯通教授从2006年起就在北大英文系执教。\n \nProfessor Stone has been an avid collector for nearly six decades, developing a particular interest in English drawings over the past 43 years.\n\n斯通教授本人热衷于艺术品的收藏,已经持续了60年的时间,特别对于英国绘画的收藏也有43年的时间,可以说对于英国绘画有着极大的兴趣。\n \nYou probably don't know much about British lithographs of the 18th and 19th centuries, but this exhibition has brought together the most creative artists of that period, and shows how their booming popularity was bolstered by the wide-spread application of printing technology.\n \n对于18-19世纪的英国版画,你可能了解得不多。这次的展览就聚集了当时最具有创造力的英国艺术家,同时也展现了印刷技术的广泛运用如何让艺术家的作品备受欢迎。\n\n\n\n\nMy favorite is a set of four engravings by William Hogarth (1697-1764) called Four Times of Day, which vividly depicts day-to-day life in 18th century London.\n \n我自己很喜欢威廉·哈格斯的一组版画。这套名为《伦敦一天中的四个时刻》的作品生动刻画了伦敦普通市民的日常生活。\nHow well do you know the British capital? See if you can recognize any of the famous landmarks featured in this collection of works.\n \n如果你很熟悉伦敦,那来看看你能否认出画中的一些景点。\n\n\n\nMorning shows St Paul's Church in Covent Garden, with the notorious Tom King's Coffee House in front — a known location for prostitutes to meet customers.\n \n《早晨》中出现了位于考文特公园的圣保罗教堂;教堂前面是一家因为娼妓和嫖客出入而臭名昭著的小咖啡馆兼酒馆。\n\n\n\nIn Noon, a busy street scene on present-day Charing Cross Road shows people wearing French-style clothing — believed to be Huguenot refugees from France. The church of St Giles-in-the-Fields can be seen in the background.\n\n《午间》的远景是圣基尔斯教堂,而近景的街道上有许多法式着装的人,据此判断这很可能是今天的查令十字街,因为它曾经是法国难民居住的地方。\n\n\n\nEvening shows a couple passing by Sadler Wells Theater, on the left. Can you spot anything unusual about the pair?\n\n《傍晚》中的左侧是萨德勒威尔斯剧院。这幅画里还有一处有意思的细节,就在画中心的这对正在散步的夫妇身上。\n \nThe man holds a girl in his arms and has a pair of horns growing out of his head, indicating that he is a cuckold and his wife is pregnant with another man.\n \n我们可以看到丈夫怀抱着一个小女孩,而奇怪的是他的脑袋上长着一对犄角。斯通教授解释说,根据当时的风俗,这对犄角暗示男人身边的妻子出轨,怀上了别人的孩子。\n\n\n\nIn Night, a bronze equestrian statue of Charles II can be seen in the distance.\n \n《午夜》的远景里有一座骑马的查尔斯二世铜像。\n \nWhile other engravings show St. James' Park, Buckingham Palace and Westminster Abbey.\n \n说到伦敦,怎能没有圣詹姆斯公园,白金汉宫和威斯敏斯特教堂呢?\nSo come enjoy a time-traveling tour of 18th-century London.\n \n有时间的话就来赛克勒吧,让我们穿越时空,回到18世纪的伦敦。",
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2018/01/07 13:13:27
authorhapibeer
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2018/01/07 13:13:27
authorhapibeer
bodyWhether its science-backed strategies or feel-good platitudes, we all need some extra motivation when it comes to our New Year's resolutions. To get you closer to your goals this year, we combed through popular Reddit and Quora threads to create this list of hacks that people swear by, along with a few of our own. We hope it can help you improve and transform your life in 2018. 无论有没有科学依据,我们都需要一些额外的动力来完成年度目标。为了让你更接近今年的目标,我们整理了一些Reddit和Quora用户的回答,结合我们的看法为你呈上一份热乎乎的清单~希望可以帮你打造一个全新的2018年。 This strategy is also known as "eating the frog". 这种理论还可以称为“活吞青蛙”! Procrastination is a hard habit to kick, but learning how to "front-load your pain", as Reddit user ParallaxBrew puts it, can be a great place to start: "That thing you feel crappy about? That thing you're dreading? That is exactly the thing you need to do." ParallaxBrew(Reddit用户) “拖延”是一个很难改掉的习惯,但“预先给自己施压”是一个很好的开始。你觉得蹩脚的东西、你害怕的东西,反而正是你需要去做的。 As Reddit user RevMen suggests, "practice choosing discomfort" whenever you're faced with a daunting task or tough decision, and it'll become easier over time. RevMen(Reddit用户) 面对艰巨的任务或艰难的决定时,多选择高难度任务或超出舒适区的决定,这样,过一段时间也就没有那么难了。 One way to save more in the new year. 嗯,可以省钱......(嘘......) This visualization exercise by Reddit user Willwait can help you figure out which one you'd rather have — the item or the cash — and cut down on impulse purchases. Willwait(Reddit用户) 这样的权衡可以让你清楚自己到底想买东西还是想存钱,而且还可以减少冲动消费。 You can also try converting the item's cost into its value in time, according to Reddit user VerifiedMadgod. Just calculate how many hours you'd have to work in order to buy that item, and consider whether it's worth that amount of time. VerifiedMadgod(Reddit用户) 可以把买东西要花的钱折算为时间价值,也就是计算你需要工作多少小时才能买得起,再想想值不值得。 Start with the snacks you choose. 从选择零食开始! "Bring a healthy snack to work," Reddit user jumamillion suggests. "If you're looking for a snack but don't feel like eating the one you brought, you're not hungry, you're bored.You might also just be thirsty, in which case you can try drinking a cup of water and waiting five minutes to see if you still want a snack." Jumamillion(Reddit用户) 去工作的时候拿点健康的零食。如果你四处搜刮零食,却不想吃自己带的东西,这就说明你根本不饿只是觉得无聊。也可能你只是口渴,那就去喝杯水,等五分钟,看看你还想不想吃零食。 That said, healthy eating plans are not a one-size-fits-all solution. Studies suggest that the most important factor to look for in a diet is a routine you can actually enjoy and maintain. That means you may need to try a few different eating plans before you find one that works for you. 也就是说,健康的饮食计划并不是一成不变的解决方案。研究表明,饮食规律中最重要的一点是你可以“快乐地坚持”。多尝试几个不同的饮食计划,找到适合自己的。 A new way of thinking about success. 这是一种对成功的新思考。 Instead of comparing yourself to others, Reddit user Henniferlopez87 suggests, compare yourself to where you were one or two years ago: "Whether it's fitness or finance, use that as motivation for your own goals." Henniferlopez87(Reddit用户) 不要老拿自己和别人比较,要和一两年前的自己比较。不管是健身还是个人财务,都可以当作自己的动力。 "It's not about making a comparison and always feeling good," Reddit user StoppedLurking_ZoeQ clarifies. "It's more a tool that you use throughout your life which is much better than looking at successful happy people and comparing yourself to them." StoppedLurking_ZoeQ(Reddit用户) 这无关比较,也无关让自己感觉良好。在你一生中,与其和成功、快乐的人比较,这样和自己比较更好。 Quora user Charles Faraone suggests asking yourself "Why?" before making any decision that could affect your life, health, and happiness. "Ask yourself why you're eating foods that might not be healthy for you," Faraone writes. "Why you're doing things the way you're doing them. Why you're avoiding doing what you know you should be doing. It's an amazingly simple approach with huge potential payoffs." Charles Faraone(Quora用户) 有些决定会影响你的生活、身心,那做决定之前先问问自己为什么。为什么要吃对身体不健康的食物?为什么要这样处理事情?为什么要逃避那些本来属于你的责任?这些问题看起来很简单,实则收益颇丰! As Reddit user nonosnusnu puts it: "There is a visible difference between not working out at all and doing 15 push-ups every day. Don't think working out only works if you spend 3 days a week in the gym. There is a wide gap between not working out at all and doing 5-10 minutes every day. You can see that difference and you can feel it." nonosnusnu(Reddit用户) 比起从不锻炼,每天做15个俯卧撑会给你带来惊人的改变。别以为只有每周在健身房里泡三天才算是运动。不锻炼和每天运动5-10分钟之间的差距很大,只要你能坚持,就能看到自己的改变! It only takes a few minutes to complete. 每天只要几分钟就可以完成了。 This habit can help make you more relaxed, healthy, and happy, Reddit user HaveAGrandDay says. In fact, research has shown that the practice of gratitude can change your brain for the better, increase your goodwill toward others, help reduce depression, and more. HaveAGrandDay(Reddit用户) 这个习惯可以让你心情放松、身心愉悦。事实上,研究表明感激可以改变人的大脑、对他人更加友好,还有助于减少负面情绪。 Just sitting for a few minutes every day, focusing on your breathing, and drawing your attention to the present can dramatically improve your life. It sounds too good to be true, but research has shown that meditation can help reduce stress and negative emotions, improve your memory and emotional control, and literally change your brain for the better. 只需每天静坐几分钟,调整呼吸、着眼当下,你的生活将大大改善。这听起来好像是夸夸其谈,但研究表明冥想可以减轻压力、消除负面情绪、提高记忆力、增强情绪控制力,从而改变你的大脑。 This "one-minute rule" can help you become more productive, author Gretchen Rubin told Business Insider. She explained: "Accomplishing all those small, nagging tasks makes us feel both calmer and more energetic because we're not dragged down by the accumulated weight of a mass of tiny, insignificant tasks." 格雷琴·鲁宾认为“一分钟法则”可以提高工作效率。她解释说:“做完这些琐碎的事情可以让我们更平静、更有活力,因为这样一来,我们就不会被那么多微不足道的事情拖累了。” "I save up all of my $5 bills and deposit them quarterly into my savings account, which I do not touch at all," Reddit user zotopia says. "When I need the money really bad, I will use the $5 bills I have not deposited. But once the bills go into my savings, they are no longer an option." zotopia(Reddit用户) 我把所有的5美元钞票都存起来,按季度存入账户,然后就不会再用了。如果我急需这笔钱,可以用还没存进去的钱,但是,只要钱存进账户就不会再用了。 Do you have any good ideas to make your life better? Source: Business Insider Editors: Zhang Xi, Li Lanyan(intern)
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      "body": "Whether its science-backed strategies or feel-good platitudes, we all need some extra motivation when it comes to our New Year's resolutions. To get you closer to your goals this year, we combed through popular Reddit and Quora threads to create this list of hacks that people swear by, along with a few of our own. We hope it can help you improve and transform your life in 2018. \n无论有没有科学依据,我们都需要一些额外的动力来完成年度目标。为了让你更接近今年的目标,我们整理了一些Reddit和Quora用户的回答,结合我们的看法为你呈上一份热乎乎的清单~希望可以帮你打造一个全新的2018年。\nThis strategy is also known as \"eating the frog\". \n\n这种理论还可以称为“活吞青蛙”!\n\n\n\nProcrastination is a hard habit to kick, but learning how to \"front-load your pain\", as Reddit user ParallaxBrew puts it, can be a great place to start: \"That thing you feel crappy about? That thing you're dreading? That is exactly the thing you need to do.\"\n\nParallaxBrew(Reddit用户)\n“拖延”是一个很难改掉的习惯,但“预先给自己施压”是一个很好的开始。你觉得蹩脚的东西、你害怕的东西,反而正是你需要去做的。\nAs Reddit user RevMen suggests, \"practice choosing discomfort\" whenever you're faced with a daunting task or tough decision, and it'll become easier over time.\n\nRevMen(Reddit用户)\n面对艰巨的任务或艰难的决定时,多选择高难度任务或超出舒适区的决定,这样,过一段时间也就没有那么难了。\nOne way to save more in the new year.\n\n嗯,可以省钱......(嘘......)\n\nThis visualization exercise by Reddit user Willwait can help you figure out which one you'd rather have — the item or the cash — and cut down on impulse purchases.\n\nWillwait(Reddit用户)\n这样的权衡可以让你清楚自己到底想买东西还是想存钱,而且还可以减少冲动消费。 \n\n\nYou can also try converting the item's cost into its value in time, according to Reddit user VerifiedMadgod. Just calculate how many hours you'd have to work in order to buy that item, and consider whether it's worth that amount of time.\n\nVerifiedMadgod(Reddit用户)\n可以把买东西要花的钱折算为时间价值,也就是计算你需要工作多少小时才能买得起,再想想值不值得。\nStart with the snacks you choose.\n\n从选择零食开始!\n\n\n\n\n\"Bring a healthy snack to work,\" Reddit user jumamillion suggests. \"If you're looking for a snack but don't feel like eating the one you brought, you're not hungry, you're bored.You might also just be thirsty, in which case you can try drinking a cup of water and waiting five minutes to see if you still want a snack.\" \n\nJumamillion(Reddit用户)\n去工作的时候拿点健康的零食。如果你四处搜刮零食,却不想吃自己带的东西,这就说明你根本不饿只是觉得无聊。也可能你只是口渴,那就去喝杯水,等五分钟,看看你还想不想吃零食。\n\nThat said, healthy eating plans are not a one-size-fits-all solution. Studies suggest that the most important factor to look for in a diet is a routine you can actually enjoy and maintain. That means you may need to try a few different eating plans before you find one that works for you.\n\n也就是说,健康的饮食计划并不是一成不变的解决方案。研究表明,饮食规律中最重要的一点是你可以“快乐地坚持”。多尝试几个不同的饮食计划,找到适合自己的。\nA new way of thinking about success.\n\n这是一种对成功的新思考。\n\nInstead of comparing yourself to others, Reddit user Henniferlopez87 suggests, compare yourself to where you were one or two years ago: \"Whether it's fitness or finance, use that as motivation for your own goals.\"\n\nHenniferlopez87(Reddit用户)\n不要老拿自己和别人比较,要和一两年前的自己比较。不管是健身还是个人财务,都可以当作自己的动力。\n\n\n\"It's not about making a comparison and always feeling good,\" Reddit user StoppedLurking_ZoeQ clarifies. \"It's more a tool that you use throughout your life which is much better than looking at successful happy people and comparing yourself to them.\"\n\nStoppedLurking_ZoeQ(Reddit用户)\n这无关比较,也无关让自己感觉良好。在你一生中,与其和成功、快乐的人比较,这样和自己比较更好。\nQuora user Charles Faraone suggests asking yourself \"Why?\" before making any decision that could affect your life, health, and happiness. \"Ask yourself why you're eating foods that might not be healthy for you,\" Faraone writes. \"Why you're doing things the way you're doing them. Why you're avoiding doing what you know you should be doing. It's an amazingly simple approach with huge potential payoffs.\"\n\nCharles Faraone(Quora用户)\n有些决定会影响你的生活、身心,那做决定之前先问问自己为什么。为什么要吃对身体不健康的食物?为什么要这样处理事情?为什么要逃避那些本来属于你的责任?这些问题看起来很简单,实则收益颇丰!\nAs Reddit user nonosnusnu puts it: \"There is a visible difference between not working out at all and doing 15 push-ups every day. Don't think working out only works if you spend 3 days a week in the gym. There is a wide gap between not working out at all and doing 5-10 minutes every day. You can see that difference and you can feel it.\"\n\nnonosnusnu(Reddit用户)\n比起从不锻炼,每天做15个俯卧撑会给你带来惊人的改变。别以为只有每周在健身房里泡三天才算是运动。不锻炼和每天运动5-10分钟之间的差距很大,只要你能坚持,就能看到自己的改变!\nIt only takes a few minutes to complete.\n\n每天只要几分钟就可以完成了。\n\n\n\n\nThis habit can help make you more relaxed, healthy, and happy, Reddit user HaveAGrandDay says. In fact, research has shown that the practice of gratitude can change your brain for the better, increase your goodwill toward others, help reduce depression, and more.\n\nHaveAGrandDay(Reddit用户)\n这个习惯可以让你心情放松、身心愉悦。事实上,研究表明感激可以改变人的大脑、对他人更加友好,还有助于减少负面情绪。\nJust sitting for a few minutes every day, focusing on your breathing, and drawing your attention to the present can dramatically improve your life. It sounds too good to be true, but research has shown that meditation can help reduce stress and negative emotions, improve your memory and emotional control, and literally change your brain for the better.\n\n只需每天静坐几分钟,调整呼吸、着眼当下,你的生活将大大改善。这听起来好像是夸夸其谈,但研究表明冥想可以减轻压力、消除负面情绪、提高记忆力、增强情绪控制力,从而改变你的大脑。\nThis \"one-minute rule\" can help you become more productive, author Gretchen Rubin told Business Insider. She explained: \"Accomplishing all those small, nagging tasks makes us feel both calmer and more energetic because we're not dragged down by the accumulated weight of a mass of tiny, insignificant tasks.\"\n\n格雷琴·鲁宾认为“一分钟法则”可以提高工作效率。她解释说:“做完这些琐碎的事情可以让我们更平静、更有活力,因为这样一来,我们就不会被那么多微不足道的事情拖累了。”\n\"I save up all of my $5 bills and deposit them quarterly into my savings account, which I do not touch at all,\" Reddit user zotopia says. \"When I need the money really bad, I will use the $5 bills I have not deposited. But once the bills go into my savings, they are no longer an option.\"\n\nzotopia(Reddit用户)\n我把所有的5美元钞票都存起来,按季度存入账户,然后就不会再用了。如果我急需这笔钱,可以用还没存进去的钱,但是,只要钱存进账户就不会再用了。\n\nDo you have any good ideas to make your life better?\n\nSource: Business Insider\nEditors: Zhang Xi, Li Lanyan(intern)",
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2018/01/07 13:03:18
authorhapibeer
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2018/01/07 13:03:18
authorhapibeer
bodyEven at the end of the semester, teachers' schedules are still filled with things to do — be it appraisals, end-of-year reports or applications for financial reimbursement. They're so hardworking, but even they need a break sometimes... so let’s take a look at the things they share online to make each other laugh! — What do teachers do every day? — For some teachers, work is like taking their students for a swim in a great big ocean of knowledge every day. And though they do their best to make sure everybody reaches the shore, they often have to go back and provide assistance. Some students who have just been rescued almost immediately start drowning again, while others astonish their teachers by turning around and swimming out to sea instead! Books a college teacher should read: Reporter: How have you changed since becoming a teacher? You: Umm... (before and after ☟) Types of headache experienced by college counselors. Daily life Are university teachers struggling with baldness? (before and after ☟) Your girlfriend (a university counselor) is sleeping. You: Wake up! Her: *silence* You: It's time for lunch! Her: *more silence* You: Those new clothes you ordered are here! Her: *no response* You: Something's wrong with one of your students! Her: *jumps up* I'm going into school right now! How to control the one you love, if she/he is a college teacher? (Click the blank space below to check the answer. ☟) University teachers are like wild horses with boundless energy who cannot even control themselves, let alone be controlled by you. They can get along with any of their students, regardless of their grades. And they have the strength to endure everything that they must. In short, they are omnipotent. What you need to do is to take good care of them, spoil them, and let them feel the love and warmth in the world... Well, that's all we have to say about that, you can leave now. The most moving marriage notice of the year Source: Editors & Translators: Zhang Xi, Tang Xiaomin, Li Lanyan (intern)
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      "body": "Even at the end of the semester, teachers' schedules are still filled with things to do — be it appraisals, end-of-year reports or applications for financial reimbursement. They're so hardworking, but even they need a break sometimes... so let’s take a look at the things they share online to make each other laugh!\n— What do teachers do every day?\n— For some teachers, work is like taking their students for a swim in a great big ocean of knowledge every day. And though they do their best to make sure everybody reaches the shore, they often have to go back and provide assistance. Some students who have just been rescued almost immediately start drowning again, while others astonish their teachers by turning around and swimming out to sea instead!\nBooks a college teacher should read:\nReporter: How have you changed since becoming a teacher?\nYou: Umm... (before and after ☟)\n\nTypes of headache experienced by college counselors.\n\nDaily life\n\nAre university teachers struggling with baldness? (before and after ☟)\n\nYour girlfriend (a university counselor) is sleeping.\nYou: Wake up!\nHer: *silence*\nYou: It's time for lunch!\nHer: *more silence*\nYou: Those new clothes you ordered are here!\nHer: *no response*\nYou: Something's wrong with one of your students!\nHer: *jumps up* I'm going into school right now!\n\nHow to control the one you love, if she/he is a college teacher? (Click the blank space below to check the answer. ☟)\n \nUniversity teachers are like wild horses with boundless energy who cannot even control themselves, let alone be controlled by you. They can get along with any of their students, regardless of their grades. And they have the strength to endure everything that they must. In short, they are omnipotent. What you need to do is to take good care of them, spoil them, and let them feel the love and warmth in the world... Well, that's all we have to say about that, you can leave now.\n\nThe most moving marriage notice of the year\n\nSource:\nEditors & Translators: Zhang Xi, Tang Xiaomin, Li Lanyan (intern)",
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hapibeerupvoted (100.00%) @hapibeer / c7jue
2018/01/07 12:55:30
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hapibeerpublished a new post: c7jue
2018/01/07 12:55:30
authorhapibeer
body情感语录:没人心疼的时候,就自己心疼自己;没人爱的时候,就自己爱自己,人生没有过不去的火焰山,每个人都有自己的快乐,每个人都有自己的忧伤,每个人有自己的幸福,每个人有自己的痛苦。 离开一个人,你一定心痛过; 怀疑一个人,你一定受骗过; 放弃一个人,你一定珍惜过; 冷落一个人,你一定热情过; 放手一个人,你一定执着过; 删除一个人,你一定寒心过; 拉黑一个人,你一定挚爱过! 总有一些瞬间,让你突然就死了心;总有一些态度,让你突然就伤了心;总有一些语气,让你突然就酸了心;总有一些行为,让你突然就寒了心。 假如我们等不到对的人,就趁孤单让自己优秀起来,先经营自己,等你足够强大,相应的圈子会主动来吸纳你。太晚了可能只是一个借口,属于自己的风景,从来不曾错过;不是自己的风景,永远只是路过。 世上最珍贵亦是最不值钱的东西叫真心,原以为聚散离合才叫美,到头来茶米油盐都是诗。 很多人都患有爱无能,遇到喜欢的人手足无措,遇到不喜欢的人不懂拒绝。 不是整天多爱多爱,而是认真的一句:在一起 不离开 ! 当你心疼一个人的时候,爱,已经住进了你心里。 爱是一种心疼,只有心疼才是发自最内心的感受。 温柔可以伪装,浪漫可以制造,美丽可以修饰, 只有心疼才是最原始的情感。 有一天你会明白,你需要的不是轰轰烈烈的爱情,只是想要一个不会离开你的人。 冷的时候他会给你一件外套,胃疼时会给你一杯热水,难过时他会给你一个拥抱,就这么一直陪在你身边。
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      "body": "情感语录:没人心疼的时候,就自己心疼自己;没人爱的时候,就自己爱自己,人生没有过不去的火焰山,每个人都有自己的快乐,每个人都有自己的忧伤,每个人有自己的幸福,每个人有自己的痛苦。\n\n\n\n离开一个人,你一定心痛过;\n怀疑一个人,你一定受骗过;\n放弃一个人,你一定珍惜过;\n冷落一个人,你一定热情过;\n放手一个人,你一定执着过;\n删除一个人,你一定寒心过;\n拉黑一个人,你一定挚爱过!\n\n\n\n总有一些瞬间,让你突然就死了心;总有一些态度,让你突然就伤了心;总有一些语气,让你突然就酸了心;总有一些行为,让你突然就寒了心。\n\n\n\n假如我们等不到对的人,就趁孤单让自己优秀起来,先经营自己,等你足够强大,相应的圈子会主动来吸纳你。太晚了可能只是一个借口,属于自己的风景,从来不曾错过;不是自己的风景,永远只是路过。 \n\n\n\n世上最珍贵亦是最不值钱的东西叫真心,原以为聚散离合才叫美,到头来茶米油盐都是诗。\n\n很多人都患有爱无能,遇到喜欢的人手足无措,遇到不喜欢的人不懂拒绝。 不是整天多爱多爱,而是认真的一句:在一起 不离开 !\n\n\n\n当你心疼一个人的时候,爱,已经住进了你心里。 爱是一种心疼,只有心疼才是发自最内心的感受。 温柔可以伪装,浪漫可以制造,美丽可以修饰, 只有心疼才是最原始的情感。 \n\n\n\n有一天你会明白,你需要的不是轰轰烈烈的爱情,只是想要一个不会离开你的人。\n\n冷的时候他会给你一件外套,胃疼时会给你一杯热水,难过时他会给你一个拥抱,就这么一直陪在你身边。",
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2018/01/07 08:41:45
authorhapibeer
bodythank you
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2018/01/07 05:33:18
authorcheetah
bodyHi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in: https://www.hibtc.org/1565.html
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cheetahupvoted (0.08%) @hapibeer / 6dvvad
2018/01/07 05:33:15
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hapibeerupvoted (100.00%) @hapibeer / 1-67
2018/01/07 05:07:51
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hapibeerpublished a new post: 1-67
2018/01/07 05:07:51
authorhapibeer
body2017年是马丁·路德宗教改革500周年,其伟大贡献之一就是肯定了工作的意义和价值,进而催生出现代经济与现代文明(韦伯所说的资本主义)。 此前,人类的人均GDP增长都为零,这意味着经济增长基本上是原地踏步,经济总规模的增长仅与人口规模增长有关,并无“人均GDP增长”这样的实质意义上的经济发展。经济发展正是始自宗教改革之后的“西方的兴起(经济史学家、诺贝尔经济学奖得主诺斯的术语)”。 然而,宗教改革也并非没有值得省思及超越之处。其中之一,就是宗教改革十分强调工作的意义和价值,却没有同等强调“安息”的意义和价值。 1 人类缺乏安息的智慧 谈工作不谈安息,就会失去平衡,工作会不知不觉沦为“劳作”,进而沦为“劳苦”、“重担”,甚至演变成“战争”和“灾难”。人类不断发生的经济危机,历史上的暴力革命以及战争,本质上就是缺乏安息的智慧,只知动不知静,只知进不知退,只知劳作不守安息的结果。 按数学公式计算,1+6=7。而财富的黄金法则却是:1+6>7。也就是说,一天的安息加上6天的工作,财富创造效果绝对要好于7天的劳作和无休止的狂奔。7天的过度工作代表着亢龙有悔,1+6才是动静的最佳结合。 中国道家文化早已察知安息的奥秘。老子在《道德经》中说:“孰能浊以静之徐清?孰能安以动之徐生?”意思是谁能在浑浊中安静下来,使它渐渐澄清?谁能在安定中活动起来,使它出现生机(译文引自《傅佩荣细说老子》)?动静结合、进退有道、阴阳平衡方为上乘境界。 2 懂得天人合一才有出息 什么是安息?我打算写一本安息与安息经济的书来全面阐述,这里先谈谈我的结论性认识。 安息应该包含三点:一是外在的安静休息,不做工、不玩耍、不娱乐,也不被任何烦杂的事情搅扰;二是内在的天人合一,安息不止是人的外在的休息,更是人的灵里的得力,从平日的事工导向转向关系导向,特别是天人合一的关系;三是结果的信靠得力,如鹰展翅。 安息,身体当然需要放松、休息,却又不是世俗的休息,简单地让身体放松,过个休息的周末,而是让心灵进入天人合一境界,得方向、得安慰、得力量、得灵感。安息好不好,是可以检查的,自己知道,别人看结果也能知道,就像人洗澡后神清气爽一样,好的安息其实是身心的清洁。 在地球村,懂安息、守安息的模范生当然是犹太人了。然而,犹太人事没少干、钱没少赚,全世界没有比犹太人更智慧的,没有比犹太人对世界影响更大的,也没有比犹太人更有钱的。犹太人苏世而独立,但其卓越的存在与伟大的贡献再清楚不过地证明了一点:1+6>7。 相比之下,中国传统教育总是告诫年青人要有出息、要奋斗不息,从不曾讲过要守安息。然而,会休息的人会工作,会安息的人会卓越地工作。有安息才能有出息,天人合一的仁智之士方有最大的出息。不会休息的工作狂有陷入过劳死的危险,唯有懂得1+6>7黄金法则,守安息的人才会是笑到最后的胜者。 好的安息必有美好的祝福,新年伊始,中华新文明从1+6>7开始!
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hapibeerpublished a new post: 6dvvad
2018/01/07 00:33:33
authorhapibeer
body从三百多年前开始说起 在向任何人说起这个话题之前,我永远是从三百多年前说起。 17世纪,荷兰,郁金香泡沫,历史上第一次金融泡沫事件。 作为荷兰国花的郁金香,其实是从东方传入西欧的,当时的人们对这一新鲜物种产生了浓厚的兴趣,一些珍稀品种可以卖到不同寻常的高价,富人以花园中拥有最高贵的郁金香品种为傲。——这引发了史上第一次投机狂热,人们购买郁金香不再是为了观赏,而是期望其价格上涨以获得暴利。 为了方便交易,当时阿姆斯特丹的证券交易所甚至开放了专门的郁金香交易市场。当时一株稀有的郁金香甚至值40头公牛的价格。 当人们意识到这种投机并不创造财富,只是财富的搬运工以后,一部分人清醒了过来,开始抛售郁金香球茎。 于是,泡沫破灭了,一些普通的郁金香球茎价格甚至还不如一颗洋葱。 从一千多年前说起 在我小时候,也听说过类似郁金香泡沫的事件,比如兰草泡沫、海狸鼠泡沫…可能大家都有所耳闻。 但比特币是这样的投机吗?我认为不是。 这个问题我准备从一千年前说起,当最后的蜀国皇帝孟昶为避免生灵涂炭向穷兵黩武的中原王朝投降以后,虽然自己到中原王朝的都城后很快被黄袍加身者以7日暴病的形式暗杀,但却保住了我大蜀国灿烂的经济社会科技文化发展成果,数万成都市民随囚车送他到乐山登船,并最终在他遇害的50多年后,基于四川富庶的经济水平,在成都创造出了世界上的第一种纸质法币——交子。 从此,涉及买地、买官、买城池这样的大宗贸易,人们再也不用找几十个搬运工抬等身黄金去交易了,随身一叠银票,搞定。 银票、交子这类纸币,属于国家、机构信用做担保的法定货币,如果国家灭亡或者机构倒闭,这张纸就一点用处也没有,再也不会有人愿意把它从纸币换回黄金白银。 所以,在战乱时代,黄金之类的贵金属都被叫做“硬通货”,是相对法币来说,购买力最稳定的东西,永远不会出现“原来100元买一袋米,战乱时期要100亿买一袋米”的情况,在交易市场里,“黄金:米”交易对肯定比“法币:米”相对更稳定,有很好的避险效果。 这也是为什么朝鲜一射导弹,美元就跌,黄金就涨,因为市场恐慌,怕真的引起了第三次世界大战,美元暴跌。 从黄金到数字黄金 我想和你们说的其实是黄金为什么会成为硬通货的问题,其实在发现黄金这样的贵金属作为交易货币之前,古人是用贝壳的,这个上学的时候教过,大家应该还隐约的记得。——内陆养羊的部落要用羊去换米,用两个部落都公认的稀罕的贝壳作为中间记账的货币,直到一个来自海岸的冒险家带来了很多贝壳货币,让他们意识到需要更稳定的货币,最终,全世界的部落都发现黄金、白银是承担这样重任最好的工具。因为全球黄金产量和需求永远在一个相对平衡的状态下,于是这样的一种状态就持续了数千年。 好的,现在说回到比特币为什么不是“郁金香泡沫”一样的金融投机。 首先,我们需要了解比特币的产生机制——所有想生产比特币的人都可以来用计算机进行运算,求到一个特定的值,就能得到一定的比特币奖励,所有参与了计算的人可以根据提供了多少算力来瓜分奖励,这个通过运算来获得奖励的模式被形象的称为“挖矿”。而挖矿难度每到一定阶段就要提高,现在电脑CPU的计算能力是不够的,矿工们一度是使用GPU(电脑显卡)的计算能力来“挖矿”,而现在已经发明了专门用于挖矿的7纳米半导体挖矿芯片,甚至5纳米、3.5纳米的芯片也在研发中了。由于挖矿的过程中会消耗大量电力,所以世界上50%的比特币矿业集团都会选择将矿场设在中国的四川等水力、风力发电资源丰富、电价便宜的地区,甚至直接将矿机架设在水电站里。 根据算法,世界上的比特币总量永远不会超过2100万枚,加之因为钱包密码遗失、电脑故障等原因导致的初期持币者持有的比特币被永久锁定,流通的比特币数量是十分稀少的。 因此,早些年比特币有“数字黄金”之称,以形容它在价值投资和流通领域的作用,但这样的称呼现在已经没有意义了,因为比特币的市值早就超过了黄金。现在只要朝鲜射导弹,通常都会导致的是比特币价格暴涨。 然后,比特币的特点就是匿名性,矿工在挖矿的过程中也会承载网络交易的作用,从一个比特币账户将比特币发送到另一个账户,任何人都不知道交易的双方是谁,这也导致比特币网络被黑客、毒品、军火等非法交易利用,成为执法部门很头疼的问题,打击犯罪的难度增加。 但比特币网络和曾经的地下钱庄完全不一样啊,执法部门无法控制这样的一个去中心化网络,比特币是开源项目,任何人都可以复制比特币的程序和账本,在自己的计算机上运行一个比特币节点。 世界上只要一个比特币节点在运行,就是比特币网络永不熄灭的火种。 随着各国政府的打压和打压无效,还有之前勒索病毒感染用户电脑对文件进行加密,用比特币支付赎金才能拿到私钥解密这一事件对比特币的宣传作用,比特币从2017年1月初的6000元左右暴涨至2017年12月初的近13万元,涨幅超过20倍,这样的财富神话让比特币更加知名。 从比特币到“山寨币” 比特币的概念最初由一个网名叫中本聪的人2009年提出的,目前中本聪的身份成谜,没有谁知道他到底是日本人还是美国人或是火星人,这也是这类项目的最高境界——神隐。目前,比特币网络的维护和开发工作都是由社区开发者进行,代码或者提案被提交到网络,所有矿工进行投票,一定比例的算力支持便可以让整个网络接受这样的变革、更新,获得多数矿工的支持是十分不容易的,但这样的形式也实现了社区自治,是去中心化公司、去中心化组织的最初形态。 比特币的底层技术是一种去中心化的分布式数据库技术。将数据分成不同的区块(Block),每个区块通过特定的信息链接到上一区块的后面,以链式(Chain)结构前后顺连来呈现一套完整的数据,这样的一种技术肯定不能一直叫比特币技术吧,于是开发者们把这一技术形象的称作BlockChain,中文即是“区块链技术”,这也是目前最前沿的IT科技。 这两年,金融、政务等各种行业都在探索这个领域,也在寻求和区块链公司的合作。 以比特币为例,它作为一种数字虚拟货币,在这一点上它是和Q币、网络游戏金币没有任何区别。Q币是由TX公司信用背书的一种虚拟货币,大家把人民币换成Q币,用Q币能够开会员,买王者荣耀的英雄皮肤,没用完的就放在账户上。 如果你玩王者荣耀的时候不小心得罪了一个TX公司的程序员,对方报复你删掉你账户上的Q币,你除了发帖声讨、打客服电话骂以外别无他法。这就是中心化数字虚拟货币所存在的问题,为你账户加几个0减几个0的大权掌握在别人手上,这也是国外没有支付宝、微信支付这样普及的电子支付平台的一个原因。 以比特币为代表的数字加密货币就是为了改变这一点而生的,所有的交易记录都完全公开,而且账本被保存了无数份,哪个账户给哪个账户转了账,都可以在区块链上查询到,具有透明、不可篡改的特点。你在银行里存了多少钱,是存放在银行的服务器上的,如果有一天银行所有的服务器都关机了,你访问不到银行的数据库又怎么证明你有多少钱呢?但区块链项目就有这样的解决方案:因为透明,人人都可以存储账本。现在许多国外的区块链项目都在搞支付,就是想做区块链界的支付宝。 相对游戏金币来说,数字货币也有先天的优势。前文说到,比特币的产生原理注定了它不会被轻易增发。但在游戏世界中,玩家打怪获得的金币越来越多,而极品装备越来越稀缺,往往会因此出现通货膨胀,同样的装备会需要越来越多的游戏金币才能购买。甚至在战乱年代,国家为了买军火买粮食发军饷而加印法币,也会导致通货膨胀,物价飞涨。 除了比特币以外,也有很多开发者使用区块链技术在密码学、网络效率等方面改良、开发、发行自己的数字货币,例如莱特币、瑞波币、狗狗币等,这些有模仿比特币嫌疑的数字货币,早期被比特币玩家轻蔑的称为“山寨币”,但它们在用途上并没有带来变革,只是区块链技术的第一次实际应用,因此我觉得都应该算作第一代区块链网络的成员。 从数字货币到区块链应用 通过以太坊(ethereum,简称ETH)智能合约为代表的应用型第二代区块链网络创建的智能代币在设计时便可以选择将该数字代币的总供给量和获得方式进行设定,以避免增发导致的价值降低。 以太坊智能合约网络允许用户在它的平台上搭建应用,用户甚至可以使用它的技术创建自己的“比特币”——加密数字令牌(Crypto-Token),也通常被称为“币”(coin),通过区块链技术,用户创建的币也可以和比特币、莱特币一样在全球的任何一个交易所里进行交易。从单纯的数字货币到应用层面的多元化平台,这是一种革命性的技术,这样的方式也曾经为企业提供了一种新的融资渠道——爱西欧(initial Crypto-Token offering)。 爱西欧爆发与爱西欧监管 爱西欧即首次加密代币发行,概念最初源自证券界的IPO(Initial Public Offering,首次公开发行),一种随着数字货币和区块链的发展而兴起的资金众筹方式。本质上而言,爱西欧也是一种“公开发行”,只是把所发行的标的物由证券变成了数字加密代币。 在爱西欧众筹项目中,区块链项目团队向早期投资人出售项目数字加密代币,以预售该区块链项目的服务使用权等的形式来获得技术研发和市场拓展所需要的资金。这样的项目数字加密代币如果要区分于比特币的话,一般被称为项目币或代币。 代币是区块链项目内置的代币,作为区块链平台的流通与佣金结算代币,是区块链生态链中不可缺失的一环。项目投资人等到区块链项目发展到一定阶段,代币的价值增长之后,可以将代币在支持该代币的交易所中交易退出。 比特币、以太坊以及众多数字货币在各种区块链资产交易所里有类似股市的行情和买卖机制,但因为区块链项目的去中心化和各国政府对区块链项目的态度大多是禁止而不是管理,所以并没有像股市一样的限时买卖、涨停跌停规则。 爱西欧和代币的模式改变了企业上市的规则,在被国家监管的股市,创业者有梦想、有创意、有实力、有项目需要先自筹资金,做出业绩,向证券交易所提交上市申请,上市以后就可以向公众募集项目做大做强的资金,创业者用这些资金扩大经营,和股票持有者分享利润,这个过程需要耗费大量的时间、精力、金钱,创业者甚至会失去对公司的控制权,大量的项目无法公平的得到进入交易所IPO的机会。 而爱西欧和区块链资产交易所则完全颠覆了这种模式,创业者可以先写好白皮书,阐述自己的梦想、创意、团队能力和项目需要解决的问题,当然最重要的是爱西欧的代币分配方案,很多项目在爱西欧时甚至一行代码都还没写。创业者通过网络、路演等方式向区块链资产投资者(炒币者)推荐自己的项目,炒币者将BTC、ETH等币价比较高的代币转账到创业者的数字钱包地址,创业者通过智能合约向转来代币的地址自动转入自己新发行的代币。创业者得到了项目的开发运营资金,而炒币者得到新的代币后可以将币在支持该代币的交易所中交易退出获利,这也是大部分炒币者投资或投机一个项目的目的。 2016年至2017年年中,爱西欧项目如雨后春笋般爆发,在世界范围内,项目也是良莠不齐,不少互联网骗子打着爱西欧的旗号圈钱,实际上完全不是来做项目的,随之而来的就是圈钱以后消失,导致投机者遭到损失。 2017年9月起七部委紧急发文叫停爱西欧及关闭国内所有数字货币资产交易所。目前,中国、美国、俄罗斯等国家全面禁止爱西欧、数字货币交易,英国、日本、韩国等国家则是推出较宽松的沙盒计划等形式对这一新的互联网金融形势进行监管,美国联邦及许多州更是禁止本国公民参与这一形式的资本交易。 在这一事件中,当时大部分区块链项目的创始团队都选择了尊重中国法律,向参与爱西欧的中国投资者退还代币,这一事件也导致当时数字货币行情大跌,不少项目币价跌幅甚至达到顶峰时期的几十分之一。 现在,目前,在中国,已经没有爱西欧了。 “分叉”是“分裂”还是“发糖果” 当然,2017年中国关闭数字货币交易所这一事件对比特币价格的影响是微乎其微的,比特币在短暂的消沉后在上涨的路上越走越远。 8月初,有集中了大量算力的中国矿工团队以比特币扩容分歧等等理由宣布对比特币进行分叉,分叉的比特币被称为比特币现金(bitcoin cash,简称BCH),在比特币的某一区块高度进行快照,对当时持有比特币的账户1:1赠送BCH。 当时的比特币先是出于对比特币分叉的恐慌,像7月份比特币分叉危机时一样,出现了短暂的下跌,其它币种认比特币为风向标为指数,也纷纷跟跌。 临近分叉时,大户们吸够了筹码,为了得到免费赠送的BCH,自然是大量买进比特币,导致比特币价格被大幅抬升,其他散户见状自然是把手中的其它币换成比特币来等着分糖果,这也形成了吸血效应,导致了除比特币和少量币种以外,其它数字货币的集体下跌。 此后,每一次比特币临近分叉都会让市场出现类似的吸血效应,但比特币行情已经再也不会因为对分叉的恐慌而下跌,反而是暴涨了。当然,比特币市价能从2017年11月底的6000多美元涨到2017年12月初的15000美元,也是因为这个12月比特币会经历7次分叉,生7个儿子,这种现象也被称为IFO(Initial Fork Offering)。 但比特币的儿子、孙子们真正对比特币技术的改进、贡献有多大呢?是否真的能实现比特币实现不了的东西呢?这个就只有大家自己去研究了,反正我觉得吧,分叉币们主要还是希望利用比特币的名气来炒作一波,蹭知名度,要投资分叉币的朋友们一定要慎重。 EOS——应许的第三代区块链网络? 在今年9月起的爱西欧被禁风波中,受伤最深的项目之一就是EOS了,这个旨在建立类似操作系统一样支撑众多应用程序的区块链项目,被大多数区块链爱好者认为是第三代区块链技术的代表。它采用了一种被称为无上限众筹的新型爱西欧方式,筹集被认为EOS竞争对手的以太坊网络代币——ETH,截止本文写作时,已筹集到两百多万个ETH,约占ETH总流通量的近三十分之一。在7月初众筹价一度达近40块人民币的EOS,在9月份的爱西欧被禁后一度被砸到了3块钱,这个价格一直持续到11月初。 这种爱西欧方式在每个窗口期 (第一个五天的窗口期以及之后的每 23 小时一个的窗口期,代币销售会持续 350个窗口期,本文写作时正是在167个窗口期)完成后,EOS 代币将会以每个窗口期的 EOS 代币额度除以该窗口期内所有参与者的以太坊总额平均分配给每个参与者,需要注意的是,截至本文写作时,EOS代币依然是使用以太坊网络的ERC20代币。 目前区块链网络中存在的支付网络处理交易能力有限、交易手续费过高、交易网络容易受到 DDoS 攻击等等问题,在EOS网络中都将被迎刃而解。EOS采用并行的石墨烯区块链技术(Graphene blockchain library)构架,它每秒可以支持数百万个交易,同时普通用户无需支付使用费用。 这样强大的吞吐量让区块链爱好者们无限期待,毕竟大家无法再忍受堵得难受的比特币网络和养只猫都养得网络拥堵的以太坊网络了。 说到EOS的高效率处理能力,就不得不说一下EOS创始人兼CTO——区块链技术天才丹尼尔·拉里默(Dan Larimer,网名ByteMaster,即BM)的早期项目了——同样使用石墨烯区块链技术的比特股(BitShares,简称BTS),这是一个十分成熟的石墨烯区块链项目应用,吞吐量可达每秒1万至10万笔交易。 比特股、内盘和bitCNY 比特股是开源的点对点的多态数字资产交易系统(A Peer-to-Peer Polymorphic Digital Asset Exchange),是基于石墨烯区块链技术的去中心化项目,也是第一个全球化的去中心化交易网络。平均3秒一个确认,可以承载10万次/秒的交易,比特股能够实现去中心化交易所、锚定资产和便捷支付、自由资产发行和股份流通三大独特功能。 比特股于2013年诞生,中国的天使投资人李笑来投资了最初的比特股团队,发展至今天,比特股已经历过多次技术升级。比特股的创始人BM,同时也是区块链社交媒体平台Steemit和区块链操作系统EOS的创始人。 比特股独创的市场锚定机制(Market Peg),设计目标是让虚拟资产BitUSD的市场定价最终与法币美元一致,让虚拟资产BitCNY的市场定价与法币人民币一致。需要冻结数倍于资产市场价格的抵押物来产生锚定资产,由喂价功能调节锚定资产的发行和销毁,推动市场价格走向均值。目前,BitCNY的系统总供给量已突破一亿。为了区别于“外盘”——比如促成法币与加密货币间交易兑换的网站,我们把比特股钱包内的交易市场称作“内盘”。 比特股采取去中心化自治公司(Decentralized Autonomous Company)制度进行管理,任何BTS持有人都可以在BitShares.org上登陆自己的比特股账号,以比特股钱包的BTS账户里持有的BTS权重(1BTS=1票)参与系统的各项决策。 钱包,区块链资产交易所和场外交易 要进行代币交易,最直接、最原始的方法是线下交易,你给一个拥有某种代币的人一把钞票,对方按双方约定的价格给你的数字钱包地址转账相应的代币,钱包密码一定要牢记,弄丢了没人能帮你找回来。你要交易的人可能是你现实中的朋友,也可能是微信群、QQ群、论坛里认识的可靠的网友,你也不一定给对方现钞,而是通过微信、支付宝、银行卡转账。这样的交易形式便叫做场外交易,场外交易的对象一定要是你可以信任的人,否则容易被骗或产生无法解决的纠纷。 目前不少网站提供场外交易、充值提现的担保交易功能,例如内盘bitCNY担保交易平台鼓鼓钱包、USDT担保交易平台火币pro等。用户可以有保证的和陌生用户进行场外交易,方便将法币变成可以购买数字货币的锚定法币汇率的数字代币。 要进行代币交易,大多数用户还要依靠区块链资产交易所,通过撮合交易让买卖成交。除了以上面介绍的比特股内盘为代表的去中心化交易所以外,传统的中心化区块链资产交易所一般是以网站形式存在的,你在这些交易所注册可以注册账号,并生成充值地址,但你转账进入你的充值地址的数字货币其实是存储在交易所的钱包内的,交易所给你的只是一个中心化、由这个交易所信用支持的资产数字,你和其他用户之间的交易实际上交易的都是空气,直到你将数字货币提现到你自己的钱包,你才真正的将数字货币从交易所的钱包中转移到了自己的钱包里。 所以,选择区块链资产交易所的信誉和变现能力是十分重要的。一些小的交易所,准备金不足、交易深度低或者弄虚作假、安全性差、充值提现无法自动化都是严重影响你的体验,甚至无法及时承兑提现而让你遭受资金损失。
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      "author": "hapibeer",
      "body": "从三百多年前开始说起\n\n在向任何人说起这个话题之前,我永远是从三百多年前说起。\n\n17世纪,荷兰,郁金香泡沫,历史上第一次金融泡沫事件。\n\n作为荷兰国花的郁金香,其实是从东方传入西欧的,当时的人们对这一新鲜物种产生了浓厚的兴趣,一些珍稀品种可以卖到不同寻常的高价,富人以花园中拥有最高贵的郁金香品种为傲。——这引发了史上第一次投机狂热,人们购买郁金香不再是为了观赏,而是期望其价格上涨以获得暴利。\n\n\n\n为了方便交易,当时阿姆斯特丹的证券交易所甚至开放了专门的郁金香交易市场。当时一株稀有的郁金香甚至值40头公牛的价格。\n\n当人们意识到这种投机并不创造财富,只是财富的搬运工以后,一部分人清醒了过来,开始抛售郁金香球茎。\n\n于是,泡沫破灭了,一些普通的郁金香球茎价格甚至还不如一颗洋葱。\n\n\n\n从一千多年前说起\n\n在我小时候,也听说过类似郁金香泡沫的事件,比如兰草泡沫、海狸鼠泡沫…可能大家都有所耳闻。\n\n但比特币是这样的投机吗?我认为不是。\n\n这个问题我准备从一千年前说起,当最后的蜀国皇帝孟昶为避免生灵涂炭向穷兵黩武的中原王朝投降以后,虽然自己到中原王朝的都城后很快被黄袍加身者以7日暴病的形式暗杀,但却保住了我大蜀国灿烂的经济社会科技文化发展成果,数万成都市民随囚车送他到乐山登船,并最终在他遇害的50多年后,基于四川富庶的经济水平,在成都创造出了世界上的第一种纸质法币——交子。\n\n\n\n\n从此,涉及买地、买官、买城池这样的大宗贸易,人们再也不用找几十个搬运工抬等身黄金去交易了,随身一叠银票,搞定。\n\n银票、交子这类纸币,属于国家、机构信用做担保的法定货币,如果国家灭亡或者机构倒闭,这张纸就一点用处也没有,再也不会有人愿意把它从纸币换回黄金白银。\n\n所以,在战乱时代,黄金之类的贵金属都被叫做“硬通货”,是相对法币来说,购买力最稳定的东西,永远不会出现“原来100元买一袋米,战乱时期要100亿买一袋米”的情况,在交易市场里,“黄金:米”交易对肯定比“法币:米”相对更稳定,有很好的避险效果。\n\n这也是为什么朝鲜一射导弹,美元就跌,黄金就涨,因为市场恐慌,怕真的引起了第三次世界大战,美元暴跌。\n\n\n\n从黄金到数字黄金\n\n我想和你们说的其实是黄金为什么会成为硬通货的问题,其实在发现黄金这样的贵金属作为交易货币之前,古人是用贝壳的,这个上学的时候教过,大家应该还隐约的记得。——内陆养羊的部落要用羊去换米,用两个部落都公认的稀罕的贝壳作为中间记账的货币,直到一个来自海岸的冒险家带来了很多贝壳货币,让他们意识到需要更稳定的货币,最终,全世界的部落都发现黄金、白银是承担这样重任最好的工具。因为全球黄金产量和需求永远在一个相对平衡的状态下,于是这样的一种状态就持续了数千年。\n\n好的,现在说回到比特币为什么不是“郁金香泡沫”一样的金融投机。\n\n首先,我们需要了解比特币的产生机制——所有想生产比特币的人都可以来用计算机进行运算,求到一个特定的值,就能得到一定的比特币奖励,所有参与了计算的人可以根据提供了多少算力来瓜分奖励,这个通过运算来获得奖励的模式被形象的称为“挖矿”。而挖矿难度每到一定阶段就要提高,现在电脑CPU的计算能力是不够的,矿工们一度是使用GPU(电脑显卡)的计算能力来“挖矿”,而现在已经发明了专门用于挖矿的7纳米半导体挖矿芯片,甚至5纳米、3.5纳米的芯片也在研发中了。由于挖矿的过程中会消耗大量电力,所以世界上50%的比特币矿业集团都会选择将矿场设在中国的四川等水力、风力发电资源丰富、电价便宜的地区,甚至直接将矿机架设在水电站里。\n\n\n根据算法,世界上的比特币总量永远不会超过2100万枚,加之因为钱包密码遗失、电脑故障等原因导致的初期持币者持有的比特币被永久锁定,流通的比特币数量是十分稀少的。\n\n因此,早些年比特币有“数字黄金”之称,以形容它在价值投资和流通领域的作用,但这样的称呼现在已经没有意义了,因为比特币的市值早就超过了黄金。现在只要朝鲜射导弹,通常都会导致的是比特币价格暴涨。\n\n然后,比特币的特点就是匿名性,矿工在挖矿的过程中也会承载网络交易的作用,从一个比特币账户将比特币发送到另一个账户,任何人都不知道交易的双方是谁,这也导致比特币网络被黑客、毒品、军火等非法交易利用,成为执法部门很头疼的问题,打击犯罪的难度增加。\n\n但比特币网络和曾经的地下钱庄完全不一样啊,执法部门无法控制这样的一个去中心化网络,比特币是开源项目,任何人都可以复制比特币的程序和账本,在自己的计算机上运行一个比特币节点。\n\n世界上只要一个比特币节点在运行,就是比特币网络永不熄灭的火种。\n\n\n随着各国政府的打压和打压无效,还有之前勒索病毒感染用户电脑对文件进行加密,用比特币支付赎金才能拿到私钥解密这一事件对比特币的宣传作用,比特币从2017年1月初的6000元左右暴涨至2017年12月初的近13万元,涨幅超过20倍,这样的财富神话让比特币更加知名。\n\n\n\n从比特币到“山寨币”\n\n比特币的概念最初由一个网名叫中本聪的人2009年提出的,目前中本聪的身份成谜,没有谁知道他到底是日本人还是美国人或是火星人,这也是这类项目的最高境界——神隐。目前,比特币网络的维护和开发工作都是由社区开发者进行,代码或者提案被提交到网络,所有矿工进行投票,一定比例的算力支持便可以让整个网络接受这样的变革、更新,获得多数矿工的支持是十分不容易的,但这样的形式也实现了社区自治,是去中心化公司、去中心化组织的最初形态。\n\n比特币的底层技术是一种去中心化的分布式数据库技术。将数据分成不同的区块(Block),每个区块通过特定的信息链接到上一区块的后面,以链式(Chain)结构前后顺连来呈现一套完整的数据,这样的一种技术肯定不能一直叫比特币技术吧,于是开发者们把这一技术形象的称作BlockChain,中文即是“区块链技术”,这也是目前最前沿的IT科技。\n\n这两年,金融、政务等各种行业都在探索这个领域,也在寻求和区块链公司的合作。\n\n以比特币为例,它作为一种数字虚拟货币,在这一点上它是和Q币、网络游戏金币没有任何区别。Q币是由TX公司信用背书的一种虚拟货币,大家把人民币换成Q币,用Q币能够开会员,买王者荣耀的英雄皮肤,没用完的就放在账户上。\n\n如果你玩王者荣耀的时候不小心得罪了一个TX公司的程序员,对方报复你删掉你账户上的Q币,你除了发帖声讨、打客服电话骂以外别无他法。这就是中心化数字虚拟货币所存在的问题,为你账户加几个0减几个0的大权掌握在别人手上,这也是国外没有支付宝、微信支付这样普及的电子支付平台的一个原因。\n\n以比特币为代表的数字加密货币就是为了改变这一点而生的,所有的交易记录都完全公开,而且账本被保存了无数份,哪个账户给哪个账户转了账,都可以在区块链上查询到,具有透明、不可篡改的特点。你在银行里存了多少钱,是存放在银行的服务器上的,如果有一天银行所有的服务器都关机了,你访问不到银行的数据库又怎么证明你有多少钱呢?但区块链项目就有这样的解决方案:因为透明,人人都可以存储账本。现在许多国外的区块链项目都在搞支付,就是想做区块链界的支付宝。\n\n相对游戏金币来说,数字货币也有先天的优势。前文说到,比特币的产生原理注定了它不会被轻易增发。但在游戏世界中,玩家打怪获得的金币越来越多,而极品装备越来越稀缺,往往会因此出现通货膨胀,同样的装备会需要越来越多的游戏金币才能购买。甚至在战乱年代,国家为了买军火买粮食发军饷而加印法币,也会导致通货膨胀,物价飞涨。\n\n除了比特币以外,也有很多开发者使用区块链技术在密码学、网络效率等方面改良、开发、发行自己的数字货币,例如莱特币、瑞波币、狗狗币等,这些有模仿比特币嫌疑的数字货币,早期被比特币玩家轻蔑的称为“山寨币”,但它们在用途上并没有带来变革,只是区块链技术的第一次实际应用,因此我觉得都应该算作第一代区块链网络的成员。\n\n\n\n从数字货币到区块链应用\n\n通过以太坊(ethereum,简称ETH)智能合约为代表的应用型第二代区块链网络创建的智能代币在设计时便可以选择将该数字代币的总供给量和获得方式进行设定,以避免增发导致的价值降低。\n\n以太坊智能合约网络允许用户在它的平台上搭建应用,用户甚至可以使用它的技术创建自己的“比特币”——加密数字令牌(Crypto-Token),也通常被称为“币”(coin),通过区块链技术,用户创建的币也可以和比特币、莱特币一样在全球的任何一个交易所里进行交易。从单纯的数字货币到应用层面的多元化平台,这是一种革命性的技术,这样的方式也曾经为企业提供了一种新的融资渠道——爱西欧(initial Crypto-Token offering)。\n\n\n\n爱西欧爆发与爱西欧监管\n\n爱西欧即首次加密代币发行,概念最初源自证券界的IPO(Initial Public Offering,首次公开发行),一种随着数字货币和区块链的发展而兴起的资金众筹方式。本质上而言,爱西欧也是一种“公开发行”,只是把所发行的标的物由证券变成了数字加密代币。\n\n\n在爱西欧众筹项目中,区块链项目团队向早期投资人出售项目数字加密代币,以预售该区块链项目的服务使用权等的形式来获得技术研发和市场拓展所需要的资金。这样的项目数字加密代币如果要区分于比特币的话,一般被称为项目币或代币。\n\n代币是区块链项目内置的代币,作为区块链平台的流通与佣金结算代币,是区块链生态链中不可缺失的一环。项目投资人等到区块链项目发展到一定阶段,代币的价值增长之后,可以将代币在支持该代币的交易所中交易退出。\n\n比特币、以太坊以及众多数字货币在各种区块链资产交易所里有类似股市的行情和买卖机制,但因为区块链项目的去中心化和各国政府对区块链项目的态度大多是禁止而不是管理,所以并没有像股市一样的限时买卖、涨停跌停规则。\n\n爱西欧和代币的模式改变了企业上市的规则,在被国家监管的股市,创业者有梦想、有创意、有实力、有项目需要先自筹资金,做出业绩,向证券交易所提交上市申请,上市以后就可以向公众募集项目做大做强的资金,创业者用这些资金扩大经营,和股票持有者分享利润,这个过程需要耗费大量的时间、精力、金钱,创业者甚至会失去对公司的控制权,大量的项目无法公平的得到进入交易所IPO的机会。\n\n而爱西欧和区块链资产交易所则完全颠覆了这种模式,创业者可以先写好白皮书,阐述自己的梦想、创意、团队能力和项目需要解决的问题,当然最重要的是爱西欧的代币分配方案,很多项目在爱西欧时甚至一行代码都还没写。创业者通过网络、路演等方式向区块链资产投资者(炒币者)推荐自己的项目,炒币者将BTC、ETH等币价比较高的代币转账到创业者的数字钱包地址,创业者通过智能合约向转来代币的地址自动转入自己新发行的代币。创业者得到了项目的开发运营资金,而炒币者得到新的代币后可以将币在支持该代币的交易所中交易退出获利,这也是大部分炒币者投资或投机一个项目的目的。\n\n2016年至2017年年中,爱西欧项目如雨后春笋般爆发,在世界范围内,项目也是良莠不齐,不少互联网骗子打着爱西欧的旗号圈钱,实际上完全不是来做项目的,随之而来的就是圈钱以后消失,导致投机者遭到损失。\n\n\n2017年9月起七部委紧急发文叫停爱西欧及关闭国内所有数字货币资产交易所。目前,中国、美国、俄罗斯等国家全面禁止爱西欧、数字货币交易,英国、日本、韩国等国家则是推出较宽松的沙盒计划等形式对这一新的互联网金融形势进行监管,美国联邦及许多州更是禁止本国公民参与这一形式的资本交易。\n\n在这一事件中,当时大部分区块链项目的创始团队都选择了尊重中国法律,向参与爱西欧的中国投资者退还代币,这一事件也导致当时数字货币行情大跌,不少项目币价跌幅甚至达到顶峰时期的几十分之一。\n\n现在,目前,在中国,已经没有爱西欧了。\n\n\n\n“分叉”是“分裂”还是“发糖果”\n\n当然,2017年中国关闭数字货币交易所这一事件对比特币价格的影响是微乎其微的,比特币在短暂的消沉后在上涨的路上越走越远。\n\n8月初,有集中了大量算力的中国矿工团队以比特币扩容分歧等等理由宣布对比特币进行分叉,分叉的比特币被称为比特币现金(bitcoin cash,简称BCH),在比特币的某一区块高度进行快照,对当时持有比特币的账户1:1赠送BCH。\n\n当时的比特币先是出于对比特币分叉的恐慌,像7月份比特币分叉危机时一样,出现了短暂的下跌,其它币种认比特币为风向标为指数,也纷纷跟跌。\n\n临近分叉时,大户们吸够了筹码,为了得到免费赠送的BCH,自然是大量买进比特币,导致比特币价格被大幅抬升,其他散户见状自然是把手中的其它币换成比特币来等着分糖果,这也形成了吸血效应,导致了除比特币和少量币种以外,其它数字货币的集体下跌。\n\n\n\n此后,每一次比特币临近分叉都会让市场出现类似的吸血效应,但比特币行情已经再也不会因为对分叉的恐慌而下跌,反而是暴涨了。当然,比特币市价能从2017年11月底的6000多美元涨到2017年12月初的15000美元,也是因为这个12月比特币会经历7次分叉,生7个儿子,这种现象也被称为IFO(Initial Fork Offering)。\n\n但比特币的儿子、孙子们真正对比特币技术的改进、贡献有多大呢?是否真的能实现比特币实现不了的东西呢?这个就只有大家自己去研究了,反正我觉得吧,分叉币们主要还是希望利用比特币的名气来炒作一波,蹭知名度,要投资分叉币的朋友们一定要慎重。\n\n\n\nEOS——应许的第三代区块链网络?\n\n在今年9月起的爱西欧被禁风波中,受伤最深的项目之一就是EOS了,这个旨在建立类似操作系统一样支撑众多应用程序的区块链项目,被大多数区块链爱好者认为是第三代区块链技术的代表。它采用了一种被称为无上限众筹的新型爱西欧方式,筹集被认为EOS竞争对手的以太坊网络代币——ETH,截止本文写作时,已筹集到两百多万个ETH,约占ETH总流通量的近三十分之一。在7月初众筹价一度达近40块人民币的EOS,在9月份的爱西欧被禁后一度被砸到了3块钱,这个价格一直持续到11月初。\n\n\n这种爱西欧方式在每个窗口期 (第一个五天的窗口期以及之后的每 23 小时一个的窗口期,代币销售会持续 350个窗口期,本文写作时正是在167个窗口期)完成后,EOS 代币将会以每个窗口期的 EOS 代币额度除以该窗口期内所有参与者的以太坊总额平均分配给每个参与者,需要注意的是,截至本文写作时,EOS代币依然是使用以太坊网络的ERC20代币。\n目前区块链网络中存在的支付网络处理交易能力有限、交易手续费过高、交易网络容易受到 DDoS 攻击等等问题,在EOS网络中都将被迎刃而解。EOS采用并行的石墨烯区块链技术(Graphene blockchain library)构架,它每秒可以支持数百万个交易,同时普通用户无需支付使用费用。\n\n这样强大的吞吐量让区块链爱好者们无限期待,毕竟大家无法再忍受堵得难受的比特币网络和养只猫都养得网络拥堵的以太坊网络了。\n\n说到EOS的高效率处理能力,就不得不说一下EOS创始人兼CTO——区块链技术天才丹尼尔·拉里默(Dan Larimer,网名ByteMaster,即BM)的早期项目了——同样使用石墨烯区块链技术的比特股(BitShares,简称BTS),这是一个十分成熟的石墨烯区块链项目应用,吞吐量可达每秒1万至10万笔交易。\n\n\n\n比特股、内盘和bitCNY\n\n比特股是开源的点对点的多态数字资产交易系统(A Peer-to-Peer Polymorphic Digital Asset Exchange),是基于石墨烯区块链技术的去中心化项目,也是第一个全球化的去中心化交易网络。平均3秒一个确认,可以承载10万次/秒的交易,比特股能够实现去中心化交易所、锚定资产和便捷支付、自由资产发行和股份流通三大独特功能。\n\n比特股于2013年诞生,中国的天使投资人李笑来投资了最初的比特股团队,发展至今天,比特股已经历过多次技术升级。比特股的创始人BM,同时也是区块链社交媒体平台Steemit和区块链操作系统EOS的创始人。\n\n\n比特股独创的市场锚定机制(Market Peg),设计目标是让虚拟资产BitUSD的市场定价最终与法币美元一致,让虚拟资产BitCNY的市场定价与法币人民币一致。需要冻结数倍于资产市场价格的抵押物来产生锚定资产,由喂价功能调节锚定资产的发行和销毁,推动市场价格走向均值。目前,BitCNY的系统总供给量已突破一亿。为了区别于“外盘”——比如促成法币与加密货币间交易兑换的网站,我们把比特股钱包内的交易市场称作“内盘”。\n\n比特股采取去中心化自治公司(Decentralized Autonomous Company)制度进行管理,任何BTS持有人都可以在BitShares.org上登陆自己的比特股账号,以比特股钱包的BTS账户里持有的BTS权重(1BTS=1票)参与系统的各项决策。\n\n\n\n钱包,区块链资产交易所和场外交易\n\n要进行代币交易,最直接、最原始的方法是线下交易,你给一个拥有某种代币的人一把钞票,对方按双方约定的价格给你的数字钱包地址转账相应的代币,钱包密码一定要牢记,弄丢了没人能帮你找回来。你要交易的人可能是你现实中的朋友,也可能是微信群、QQ群、论坛里认识的可靠的网友,你也不一定给对方现钞,而是通过微信、支付宝、银行卡转账。这样的交易形式便叫做场外交易,场外交易的对象一定要是你可以信任的人,否则容易被骗或产生无法解决的纠纷。\n\n目前不少网站提供场外交易、充值提现的担保交易功能,例如内盘bitCNY担保交易平台鼓鼓钱包、USDT担保交易平台火币pro等。用户可以有保证的和陌生用户进行场外交易,方便将法币变成可以购买数字货币的锚定法币汇率的数字代币。\n\n\n要进行代币交易,大多数用户还要依靠区块链资产交易所,通过撮合交易让买卖成交。除了以上面介绍的比特股内盘为代表的去中心化交易所以外,传统的中心化区块链资产交易所一般是以网站形式存在的,你在这些交易所注册可以注册账号,并生成充值地址,但你转账进入你的充值地址的数字货币其实是存储在交易所的钱包内的,交易所给你的只是一个中心化、由这个交易所信用支持的资产数字,你和其他用户之间的交易实际上交易的都是空气,直到你将数字货币提现到你自己的钱包,你才真正的将数字货币从交易所的钱包中转移到了自己的钱包里。\n\n所以,选择区块链资产交易所的信誉和变现能力是十分重要的。一些小的交易所,准备金不足、交易深度低或者弄虚作假、安全性差、充值提现无法自动化都是严重影响你的体验,甚至无法及时承兑提现而让你遭受资金损失。",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"blockchain\",\"history\",\"bitcoin\",\"wealth\",\"ipo\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}",
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "blockchain",
      "permlink": "6dvvad",
      "title": "五分钟讲完区块链发展史"
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  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-01-07T00:33:33",
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steemcreated a new account: @hapibeer
2018/01/07 00:08:36
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creatorsteem
delegation57000.000000 VESTS
extensions[]
fee0.500 STEEM
json metadata
memo keySTM7u57UN22ur5Y8js1qT4QVSwvj7njQuz78pU4f44CZE3tdr3B6p
new account namehapibeer
owner{"account_auths":[],"key_auths":[["STM4vLAW2CEMw8EKwszYAeHv2Dp4AcPi9JMiBzf3VJVSarVqF8GRb",1]],"weight_threshold":1}
posting{"account_auths":[],"key_auths":[["STM62YteomQJ6EaYo5sRZARk3H5m5uo2NDtsm9mD2hPaGTpnf6HbT",1]],"weight_threshold":1}
Transaction InfoBlock #18754263/Trx c355266903f5a6b01caf36ee4d3ae546ab3d3ac9
View Raw JSON Data
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Account Metadata

POSTING JSON METADATA
None
JSON METADATA
None
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Auth Keys

Owner
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM4vLAW2CEMw8EKwszYAeHv2Dp4AcPi9JMiBzf3VJVSarVqF8GRb1/1
Active
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM8aZMP52Jbk73KyEJVrPvkJfPdSb4Fe5HjZo4CjVZBsCUSFww7S1/1
Posting
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM62YteomQJ6EaYo5sRZARk3H5m5uo2NDtsm9mD2hPaGTpnf6HbT1/1
Memo
STM7u57UN22ur5Y8js1qT4QVSwvj7njQuz78pU4f44CZE3tdr3B6p
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Witness Votes

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No active witness votes.
[]