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      "body": "在一次同学聚会上，你见到了自己十几年前的一些同学，他们有的从邋遢少年变成了风度翩翩的美“人”；有的从英俊少年变成了体型庞大的马铃薯；有的容颜从富有弹性变成了皱巴巴；有的已经经济独立，成为独当一面的职场高手，有的依然过着连他自己都不满意的生活。\n\n这时候你对时光的感触突然变得非常的深刻，最后在心里半感叹半疑问的说了一句：这难道就是命！？\n\n事实上，我们所生活的世界里，每时每刻都在发生着变化，我们感受不到，是因为它们正在“形成”的过程中。即便是植物，它们的内部也在不断发生着变化，也就是说，无论你愿不愿意，最终你都会变成另一个人。\n\n今天我主要想跟大家分享两个概念，第一个概念是“形成”，第二个是“信息刺激”。\n\n形成与积累\n\n形成的过程是积累，积累的过程也是形成，我之前认为你不去做一些事情，就不会有积累，可事实是，一切事物都在积累、都在形成，即便你什么也不做，你的身体也在发生变化——你之前所学习的某种东西正在遗忘，你的肌肉记忆正在退化……只是你察觉不到而已。我把形成与积累分为两种状态：\n\n一种是主动的有意识的积累与形成；\n\n一种是被动的无意识的积累与形成。\n\n你坐在电脑旁学习着各种办公类知识，这是第一种形成与积累。而此时的另一种状态，我们称它为“副产品”，它正在无意识的积累，那就是你的腿部血液循环变慢，颈部和腰部正在承受压力，某种疾病正在你的身体里面形成，这种现象就好像工业蒸汽机化工厂是人类有意识制造的产物，但随之而来的是能够令人身体不适的高温和高压，这一切都是自然形成的。\n\n当我们意识到了这些之后，我们可能仍然心存一丝希望，因为尽管这一切都正在形成，但并未发生。\n\n也就是说现在补救还来得及。\n\n这是第一层意思，进一步思考，你就会发现，所有事物都在变成一种全新的物种。\n\n在这些事物中有一些形成的速度是非常快的，比如我们用的电器、智能手机，还有各种休闲娱乐办公类app，从人类使用它们开始，它们就在一直更新，使用者要不断适应它新增的功能，如果你长时间不更新一个应用，就必然会积累出一次重大升级，然后你就会变的和新用户一样，你需要学习了（看看有多少人在刚使用智能手机的时候磕磕碰碰就知道了）。\n\n现在的人几乎离不开手机（工具），一旦离开手机，在一些事情上就瞬间失去了效率。\n\n有一次我一个朋友拜托我在电脑上给他制作一个客户返帐表，理由是她的电脑用不了了。我当时用我的手机花了15分钟左右，就给她做好了，她无比震撼，竟然用手机也能做！她震撼的原因还有，她的手机也能做出来，只不过她没用过！这同样说明她需要学习了。\n\n形成这个概念让我开始关注自己的身体状态和精神状态。精神状态可以通过学习、休息来保持一个健康状态，而身体状态就需要，刻意的去运动，才能让它从无意识的恶性积累，变成有意识的良性积累。\n\n现在大家都意识到了知识的重要性，在追求知识的过程中，我想提醒大家不要忘记：\n\n身体才是革命的本钱。\n信息刺激\n\n关于这个概念的底层构架，在之前的通往财富自由专栏里面笑来老师详细解释过：\n\n情绪是元认知的快捷方式，直觉式情绪的快捷方式\n元认知代表着你的理性思考，情绪掌管着你的动力系统，直觉则是你的第一反应。\n\n通过长期深入的学习，让你的理性思考质量提高，有了更高的思考质量，就能更好的管理你的情绪，而你的直觉也会更加偏向理性。\n\n当我们知道了“莫名其妙的凑热闹、心急火燎的随大流、操碎了别人的心肝”是注意力的三大杀手之后，我们以后在遇到这些事情的时候，直觉层面就会直接反映要远离这些事情。而这等于你还没有做过理性思考的时候，你就已经做到了理性的行为，这就是快捷方式。\n\n这种概念对没有读过专栏的朋友来说，理解起来有些困难，这里我再详细解释一下：\n\n人类的一切行为，其实都是信息刺激的不同反应。\n\n小时候，一个人在家的时候，要是听到有人敲门，我们第一反应肯定会想“是不是坏人？”而成年之后再遇到同样的情况，我们的第一反应则是“是不是收电费的？是不是推销员？”\n\n这是为什么呢？\n\n因为在两个年龄阶段，我们的心智不同，小时候，我们对很多事物都不理解，而我们的老师和家长为了保护我们在完全懂事之前不受到伤害，通常会对我们使用一些特殊的信息，于是我们接触到的信息通常是这样的：\n\n某个小朋友因为给陌生人开门，然后失踪了；小兔妈妈出门采集食物，大灰狼到外面敲门，小兔坚持没有开门……所以在遇到有人敲门这个信息的时候我们的第一反应才会是“是不是坏人？”\n\n而我们成年之后，能够理解的事情相对多了起来，做出的想象和猜测也更符合现实。\n\n同样的信息，因为认识程度的不同，对人类大脑产生的刺激就不同，对一个小孩子来说，这个敲门信息会刺激到他的焦虑情绪，使得他做出一些焦虑情绪下才能做出的事情。\n\n的确，环境可以塑造出人的性格，但阅读和学习同样可以改变一个人的性格。\n\n这个概念是在说，你接触的正确信息越多，你积累的正确经验越多，你的直觉就越准确，而这将会是你的竞争力。\n\n一个修车老师傅，根本不用检查你的车，只需要你描述你的车的症状，他就知道该修哪里。靠的是什么？靠的就是长年实践积累的经验而造就的直觉系统——理性思考的快捷方式。\n\n怎么做？\n\n理解了这两个概念我们该怎么用呢？\n\n我们知道形成这个概念是指，不论你愿不愿意，你本质上都在形成的过程中，都正在变成另外一个物种。\n\n与其被动变成一个物种，不如主动变成一个物种。\n\n现在开始。\n\n停止负面的积累，开始正面的积累。\n\n积累什么呢？\n\n职场五大技能：\n\n文字表达能力\n\n使用工具能力\n\n收集资料能力\n\n设计能力\n\n沟通能力\n\n这五个技能积累到一定程度，都会爆发出惊人的竞争力，于是你一定要积累。\n\n好身体的四大要素：\n\n早睡早起\n\n常散步\n\n有氧运动\n\n饮食规律\n\n在知道事物无时无刻都在形成这个事实之前，我总觉得做这些事情很痛苦，比如跑完步之后浑身酸痛，会令我考虑要不要放弃。而现在我知道，就算仅仅是散步，我的身体内都在形成着一些微妙的东西，这个过程可能要10年20年才能发生，我不知道这东西是什么？但我确定一件好事情就要发生了。\n\n信息的运用和情绪的控制\n\n现在我们知道人们的第一反应都是由他的理性思考造就的，而他的理性思考是由知识造就的。于是，孩子脾气不好、闹情绪，我们知道了这是他的第一反应，要想从根本上改变这个现象的，就要开始温柔的对待孩子，让孩子在平时的生活中尽量接触到正能量的信息，这些信息能够从根本上改变他的大脑结构，从而改变它受到同类刺激信息时的直接反应。\n\n比如：\n\n\n\n\n图片来自《把时间当作朋友》\n\n\n我们的大脑最应该免疫掉的信息是抱怨，如果之前你对一些人的抱怨心血来潮，那么现在开始，把这种抱怨想象成一种无能的表现，你再面对别人抱怨的时候，就会不屑一顾。\n\n最后，你知道把钱放在哪里去安全吗？\n\n……\n\n……\n\n……\n\n……\n\n……\n\n如果一个人将钱袋倒进他的脑袋里，就没有人能将它偷走。知识的投资常有最好的利润。",
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      "body": "中午散步的时候没有风。蚂蚱在路的中央蹦来蹦去，蛐蛐在路边的草中叫个不停。\n\n我继续往前走，这个地方我小时候来过，那时候风光的很，我和他们在这里的麦田里打架，从沟壑的斜坡上往下滚……想到这里思绪忽然断了，就像是电影看到一半突然停电了一样！\n\n走着走着，如头发般的绿草映入眼帘，它们在路边野蛮生长着，在光合作用的下，层出不穷，颇有一番风景的味道。我想起了我的发小，还有两天我们就能见面了。想象着和他见面的场景：他还是一幅土生土长的样子，除了脸上多了一些油腻和胡须之外，无太大变化。\n\n我突然意识到自己正在双眉紧锁，却不知脑中正在思索着什么。这时我的嘴角做出了像是微笑的动作，发笑的原因不详，我顶多猜测，可能是是被自己刚才的糊涂搞笑的。\n\n搞笑算是什么？在一般意义上来说，它是一个行为动词。而在一些交际场所中，它常被当作形容词来用，它被用来形容幽默所形容的现象，功能和幽默一样，但比幽默更加，肤浅和接地气，尽管有人可能不大愿意接受这样的形容。\n\n我是那种写散文不知道怎么结尾的人。所以到这里，就这样吧。",
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      "body": "反正我是以为我知道，但实际并不知道！\n\n读完这一篇文章后，我认真的反思了一下，我其实对概念、价值观还有实验，这三个概念的定义都很模糊，于是我google了一下。\n\n概念的基本定义是，人们基于感官认识的基础，对于同一类事物的共同属性，进行的归纳和概括，就叫概念。\n比如“书”这个概念，它就包含了所有纸张上印着字的，质量不等的，用封面包装起来的，四边形的物体。\n\n价值观，简单的来说，就是一个人的判断标准，选择依据。价值观是建立在，对事物的认识之上的，你对一个事物没有基本认识，就根本无从判断。\n\n实验，为了验证某种理论和假设而进行的某种操作或活动。\n\n人类的所有创新都源于假设。既然是假设，那就有真有假。而只有真的假设，才能够帮助我们达成预期的目标，所以我们要去假留真。用经过验证的理论去指导我们的行动，而这就叫践行。",
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      "body": "村上春树一辈子都在写孤独，小说以爱情为外壳，孤独为内核。《1Q84》、《挪威的森林》、《海边的卡卡夫》、《寻羊冒险记》、《世界尽头与冷酷仙境》无一不是。他说：不存在十全十美的文章，如同不存在彻头彻尾的绝望。\n\n谁能做到彻头彻尾绝望呢！假使真能做到，那真是个了不起的人，反过来TA也一定能写出十全十美的文章，这样才在逻辑上说得通。\n\n我骑着摩托车赶往外婆家，空气中零零星星的雨点，不紧不慢的打在我脸上。我也不紧不慢的思索着这些无聊的事情。看村上春树的小说，的确有些奇特的感觉，但又说不上来这种奇特的感觉究竟是什么，直到“孤独”这个词的出现，没错！是孤独，那种奇特的感觉就像是两根孤零零的绳子连接在了一起，彼此感受的对方的孤独，自己的世界仿佛多了一个影子，显得不那么孤独。\n\n我不会成为一个作家，真正称得上作家的是那种经过专业训练人，对于文章的结构了如指掌，并且知道如何改变和调整结构，不论怎么打散重组，最后都会以一个完整物体的模样展现出来，就像房屋设计师一样，可以根据地形，设计出各式各样恰到好处的房屋。他们对于语法和修辞的组合所展现给人的意境也格外挑剔，要有朦胧感，要能给人一种似懂非懂的挑逗。而在四下漆黑的屋子里，全身缩进沙发对着手机自言自语的人绝不可能是作家，而那就是我。\n\n不知从何时开始，我意识到自己的价值观已经很难改变了，像一颗已经扎稳根基的树，你不论花多大力气都没有办法将它拔起，只能任由它随着自己的性子生长，虽说达尔文在两个世纪前就得出了“物竞天择，适者生存”的生存法则，可不是所有物种都能像变色龙一样适应周围环境。有些甚至从古到今一成不变，海里有种鱼，根据记载6500万年来都没有大的改变，它是如何生存下来的？没人会知道。这种鱼的存在就像孤独一样，虽然有点不可理解但却一直都在。\n\n与此同时网络还流传着一种韭菜理论，就是说，我们有些人在一些事情上，就像韭菜一样任人收割，而且是割完一茬又长一茬，生生不息。孤独也符合韭菜法则，有人觉得找个伴侣就不孤独了，持有这种说法的人只是没有意识到，我们面对的是韭菜，而不是别的什么，最终它会像和以前一样，又长出来。\n\n说到底孤独是常态，需要学会与之相处。\n\n当你感到孤独的时候，尝试着找点事情做，养些小猫小狗就不错，这样会好些，他们可不仅仅是宠物，还是伙伴，写作也是一种尝试。",
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      "title": "辛福就是鼓励他人",
      "body": "在我们的周围有这么一种现象，就是谁能搞定困难的事情，大家就会认为谁是一个聪明人。\n\n很多事情做起来其实并没有我们想象的那么难，之所以很难，是因为我们没有真正去做。\n\n在做的时候你就会发现。\n\n我们掌握了正确的方法，在开始做的时候也要经历短暂的学习期，就是学习正确的使用某种方法到某件事情上。可即便是这样，依然是很简单的。\n\n真正导致我们做不成一件事情的原因，就只有一个，那就是进入了人生的低谷阶段。\n\n低谷阶段\n\n\n\n我们整个人生就是一段跌宕起伏的波浪线，大致是由开始上升阶段、持续上升阶段、原地踏步阶段、开始下降阶段、持续下降阶段组成。\n\n我们理想中的人生应该是从开始到结束一直处于上升阶段。可事实就是事实，它完全不会顾及你的感受。\n\n可能你在低谷阶段会想象着自己的人生有多么可悲，回头看过去觉得自己现在不如以前，恨自己以前生在福中不知福，抱怨自己当初做的选择让你现在沦落至此，你甚至不知道这样的人生还要持续到什么时候，你越想越觉得自己活着没有意义，甚至想去死。\n\n这就是低谷阶段。\n\n而导致人进入低谷阶段的因素主要有两个。\n\n生理上的\n失败导致的\n第一种是自然规律导致的，人的细胞组织都有新陈代谢，每隔一段时间它们就会整体性的更换一次，这个是不可逆的。\n\n我们主要来说说第二个因素。\n\n在做一件事情的时候我们总会经历一些失败，但这并不是导致我们最终失败的主要原因，我们之所以会选择去做一件事情，就是因为我们相信自己能够做到，不然我们也就不会去做了，但为什么最终会有绝大多数人都做不成一件事情呢？比如学英语。\n\n原因是客观的失败＋主观的否定。\n\n就做一件事情过程中遇到的失败，是并不足以导致最终的失败的，主观的否定才会导致最终的失败。\n\n比如，我们中国人在学着用筷子夹东西的过程中经历了很多次失败，但为什么最终几乎所有人都学会了呢？就是因为在中国没有哪个人会说别人学不会用筷子。\n\n可以说我们在做一件合理的事情的时候，没有否定就没有失败。\n\n所以我们要学会鼓励自己，即便这个世界对我们充满了恶意，我们也要鼓励自己把一件事情做下去。\n\n鼓励制造幸福\n\n鼓励他人，就是鼓励自己。\n\n我的前领导是一个程序员，他有一个习惯，就是在遇到员工的时候会热情的去拍拍员工的肩膀，有时候在遇到你工作的时候，还会加上一句“辛苦了，加油！”，是一个特别正能量的人。我之前觉得作为一个领导没有必要这样，只要你按时发工资，遇见事情实事求是就算得上是一个好老板了。后来他带着自己的技术团队去创业了，我才意识到这种人其实成长得最快。\n\n我们公司经历了好几个领导，我一直觉得他是我遇到的最好的一个。后来经过和同事聊天，我发现，我的同事们也是这样想的！\n\n你说他也是人，他就不会经历失败吗？他就不会沮丧吗？他就不会被别人否定吗？\n\n后来在网上看到一位朋友写的成长记录，说从半年前开始她就开始夸周围的人。她夸自己的父亲80多了，还在努力工作；她夸载她回家的出租车司机；她夸她所能遇到的所有人……她说她过得很幸福。\n\n你是什么样的人，就生活在什么样的世界里。\n\n其实人的注意力是聚焦的，就像这张图片一样，聚焦的地方看得特别清楚，其他的地方很模糊。\n\n那些能够看到别人优点的人是幸福的人。\n\n一个人身上有好和坏两个地方，如果你把注意力放在优点的地方，没有优点就找优点，你总会找到优点的，这样你的生活中那些美好的事情就多了起来，于是就自然而然的幸福了。\n\n学会鼓励他人，让自己变得更乐观。\n\n当我们在鼓励他人的时候，实际上也是在鼓励自己。这个现象就好像说，“你不要想猴子”但事实上，当你看到这句话的时候，猴子已经出现在你的脑子里面。所以在你鼓励他人的时候，那些，“加油”“我支持你”“你能做到”，你早就对自己说过了。所以不要吝啬自己的鼓励，利他就是利己，\n\n最终，当你生活在一个，没有否定的世界，不仅可以更大概率的做成一件事，而且还会让自己活得更幸福。\n\n你说能够让自己获得幸福的人是不是聪明人呢？",
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      "body": "在寂静的夜里，你可能和我一样没在睡觉，不知道你在干什么？我正在想如何将我刚学到的这几个概念在忘掉之前，用在其他地方。\n\n以下5个概念是《5分钟商学院》里面的内容，主要用在商业领域。但我想只要是知识它就一定不止这么一点用。\n\n我们来看概念\n\n概念：损失规避\n得到的快乐其实并没有办法缓解失去的痛苦，心理学家把这种对损失更加敏感的底层心理状态叫做损失规避。甚至有科学家研究出来，这种损失所带来的负效用是同样收益所带来的正效用的2.5倍。\n这在商业上通常被这样用：\n\n案例：用获得感代替失去感。\n\n你打算去买一台手机，同一款手机一种说法是：手机2000，配件200，这种说法容易让人觉得“买手机竟然连配件都不送，太抠了！”另一种说法是：手机2200，不要配件的话还可以便宜200元。\n\n同样是卖一样的价钱，给人的感觉完全不一样，一个给人失去感，一个给人获得感。就像上面例子中所说的，换种说法就能规避对方心中的损失。\n\n然而在生活的其他方面我们也能用到这个概念。\n\n工作场景：\n\n你不小心搞砸了一个业务，弄得老板很不开心，这时候你是因该垂头丧气的等待着暴风雨的降临，还是回去把自己在执行这项业务过程中所犯的错误整理出来，并告诉老板：我整理出来的这个错误报告可以在以后 的工作中避免无数次这类错误。接下来就让老板自己去思量，你该选后者。\n\n面对熊孩子的反向运用：\n\n孩子喜欢玩具，但家里玩具成堆，可以和他定这么一条规矩：我们家里只能出现3个玩具，每买一个新玩具就要扔掉一个旧玩具·······\n\n······\n\n概念：比例偏见\n比例偏见是指，在很多场合，本来应该考虑数值本身的变化，但是人们更加倾向于考虑比例或者倍率的变化，也就是说人们对比例的感知，比对数值本身的感知更加敏感。\n例：\n\n677和676这两个数值有多大区别？前者比后者大1。\n\n2和1这两个数值又多大区别？还是前者比后者大1。\n\n但你们明显能感受到差别是吗！\n\n就好像卖1万块钱的东西给你便宜100块钱你会觉得那人小气，但是如果卖200块钱的东西给你便宜100块，你就觉得太赚了。\n\n人们对比例的感知天然的大，我想这可能是在原始森林为了区别食物和危险而进化出的本能（体型大的是危险小的是食物），这个概念告诉你：\n\n1.在传递信息的时候要考虑到接收对象的不同，我们要懂得加工信息。\n\n比如我今天花了5000块钱，我可以说我花了我一个月薪水的90%，我也可以说我花了全部积蓄的1%，3种说法给人的感觉各不相同，具体看是对谁说。\n\n2.利用这个概念让自己的信息更容易被记住，不光是对别人。\n\n比如你和同事都写了一篇10万➕的文章，他是10万你是13万，怎么更容易让人区分你们呢？告诉别人你的文章的阅读量比对方高30%，这样区分起来就容易多了。\n\n概念：心理账户\n我们会把钱分门别类的存在不同的心理账户里面。比如说，生活必要的开支账户，家庭建设和个人发展账户，情感维系账户，享乐休闲账户等等。虽然这些账户都是在一个大账户之下，但其实各个子账户都是独立存在的。\n主要是指个人财产在各个方面的预算。\n\n每个人都有自己独特的价值观，也就有了万千姿态的心理账户。有人侧重于情感，有人侧重于个人发展，有人侧重于享乐·······\n\n只能说他侧重于哪个心理账户，哪个心理账户的需求就多，待挖掘的价值就多。\n\n例子：\n\n有人对你说，你买点补品吧！对身体好，你可能会说我身体很好，用不着。如果那人说“你买点补品给爸妈吧！”这个时候你就可能会买，因为你的孝心账户有这个需求。\n\n与人谈合作的时候也能用到着个概念。比如你知道对方是一个情感账户预算多的人，预算多也就对应着需求多，这时候如果可以在你的方案里加入一些能够满足对方情感需求的项目，就能更加愉快的合作了。比如如果你同意，你以后就可以在离家很近的地方工作了。\n\n概念：沉没成本\n人们在决定是否做一件事情的时候，不仅仅是看这件事情未来对他是不是有好处，同时也会注意自己是不是在过去，已经在这件事情上面有过投入，这是一种非常有趣而顽固的非理性的心理，我们称之为叫做沉没成本，也叫做协和效应。\n最常见的就是这个。一个电影看一半觉得没劲，但又因为已经付出了那么多时间，还是把它看完吧！\n\n沉没成本体现在女性身上更为明显。\n\n之前听罗胖说过，很多女性在决定结婚的时候，都是因为自己之前已经在对方身上投入了很多，甚至都怀了对方的孩子，所以即便现在对对方不满意，也会选择结婚，你看沉没成本的效应无处不在。\n\n看清楚这一点，这个概念其实是用来当耙子的。\n\n如果有东西能证明你之前的选择是错误的，那么这就不该叫成本，而是宝贵的经验。\n\n很多时候纠结于沉没成本其实是放弃更好的选择。就拿看电影来说，果断放弃看了一半的烂电影，就好像一个四条腿走路的人突然发现原来自己可以直立行走，然后就果断放弃四条腿走路。\n\n不执着于以前，不将就于未来，是强者的态度。",
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      "body": "^_^对呀！人笨就要多读几遍。",
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      "body": "哈哈，你暴露了自己的单身状态，莫非想在steemit上征友？😜",
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