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      "body": "Global products that thrive adapting to local culture or productizing a cultural behavior or problem.\n\nDesigners are interested in Culture. But sometimes they treat it in a way corporations used to treat design: something consulted too little, too late”\n –Grant McCracken\n\nIt’s 2:30 pm in Bombay. As I sip on some Kenyan coffee, at a Starbucks I cannot help but eavesdrop on 3 young 20-somethings around me chat about building their startup. They scan TechCrunch for the startups that are funded. Ah, Foodtech is the space to be. Ofcourse, everyone has to have 3 meals a day. They continue to browse websites of US startups in the space, then YourStory to research FoodTech competitors in India. Finally, after a seemingly difficult brainstorm figure out the ‘niche’ they want to be in. That’s it. They have a startup. They plan to have an app and a web presence. They delve further into how they will easily be able get funded for 5 crores (almost $1 million). It seems all to easy. FoodTech seems to be the new hype. Indian startups have been showered with capital, in lieu of the sheer market ‘potential’. US and Chinese capital are betting big on India being the new China, based on the similar demographic and growing internet enabled penetration.\nOver the last decade, India has changed. More specifically, startups in India have changed. Here, when entrepreneurs and investors go to the drawing board, the instinct is building a copy of a product that is already working elsewhere. I have spent the last 2 months back in India, absorbing the new startup culture and learning how startups are evolving in India. In these 2 months, events like TiECon in Mumbai, E-summit at IIT Bombay, etc. provided me the opportunity to interact with the ‘ecosystem'. I have noticed a new thought process emerging to build products for India. Phase 1 of replicating startups in India maybe coming to an abrupt end.\nI call this new hopeful shift — Design for Culture. I will elaborate the aspects of this thought process, showcase examples and provide pointers on how to products can be built differently.\nCulture\nLet’s start by defining culture, to set the context:\nCulture refers to the cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.\nBefore venturing on a global expansion or replicating a startup, it is probably imperative to identify the cultural differences or behaviors that may exist between one’s home country and intended target market. Where the differences exist, one must decide whether and to what extent the home-country practices may be adapted to the foreign environment. The market seems the same. The people seemingly have the same needs. The subtle differences of current behavior and market dynamics are often neglected.\n‘This for That’ Startups in India\nThere has been a plague over the last decade to create ‘This-for-That’ startups. If you are unfamiliar with this, a good illustration of this plague is seeing the tagline of few startups: ‘Airbnb for this’, ‘Uber for that’ and so on. The permutations and combinations are endless as well as futile.\nThis new trend in ‘This-for-that’ startups represents in most cases is a successful product that has taken off in the US. This relative validation of a model excites entrepreneurs looking for inspiration and incentivizes capital to invest. The typical argument in favor of replicating a product early, has been to develop a network effect your product/service quickly. Entrepreneurs and Investors hope that if they take a bet on replicating this model, they will create a geographic monopoly that is hard to thwart. The ‘Mother Startup’ coming in would then have to come in and take a strategic position in their company.\nThe larger and more worrying trend is that a lot of them have been springing up chasing VC funding. From my conversations with Indian entrepreneurs raising capital in India, the usual question they are asked is ‘Is there an example of this in the US?’. In extreme cases, I have heard of VCs hunting for teams to build an replicable idea, they think has legs for funding. This invariably leads to the funding headline chasers to build or fund startups that make them feel seemingly successful. In the short run. The marginal cost of replicating software, in terms of time and resources, is now well (relatively) marginal. The execution of the idea and analysis of the true market need is often lagging behind.\nTweaking Design for Culture\nI believe the need of the hour is to build products and services, Designed for Culture. Designing products for a specific market, for a specific culture. Building a successful global business is not a universal recipe. You need to define the problem from first principles for a specific market. As I have been researching this thought process, almost everyone I have discussed this with seems to agree with this notion. There does not seem to be a framework to understand how to apply this system, if any. It maybe almost impossible to create a templated solution to ‘replicate'. They exist in our collective blind spots. I will showcase successful examples of products or services that have taken this approach.\nEvery market is unique and you need to constantly adapt your product to achieve product-market-culture fit.\nGoing Global\nLet’s start with global companies that have successfully tweaked their products for different cultures.\nFacebook\nFacebook started as a cultural fit for students in American universities. It replaced the scrapbook and alumni websites. It became a shared relatively public store of memories and connections. While doing this, it nailed the essence of the psychological needs of almost every human.\nWhile Facebook embarked on it’s Global expansion in Japan, it discovered a secret. The Japanese have a blood type personality theory and believe that blood type determines your personality. Facebook provided Japanese users can post their blood type on their profile. Chamath, former VP of Growth at Facebook, did this with the help of people on the ground. A local champion is better than an American MBA who just follow templated plans.\nFacebook, in Arabic speaking markets have ‘literally flipped’ the product in their internationalization efforts.\nUber\nUber has been quite nifty in customizing their product to every market they step into. Uber has meticulously tried to understand every market and hiring the right people that can execute with them. Indian consumers tend to care more about getting to their destination cheaper rather than “in style,” Uber launched a rickshaw-on-demand service\nAs a thought experiment, could Uber have been built in India? Maybe. Maybe not. Building an Uber in India for the top-end of the market does not seem obvious, even in hindsight. A probable reason for this would be that since most of the rich people had drivers and ‘everyone’s private driver’ seemed a privilege reserved for the rich.\nDidi Chuxing\nDidi Chuxing, the merged conglomerate of Didi Dache and Kuaidi Dache built their product keeping Chinese needs in mind. They solved a seemingly minor but valuable problem.\nInstead of just blatantly replicating a model of GPS enabled location tracking, they enhanced it with voice. A Chinese person typically shares addresses by vocally visualizing directions to a location, Didi provides a simple feature to record a voice message. This voice message contains details of how to get to them along with their GPS location.\nInstead of SurgePricing, included in your audio message you can also indicate an additional offer for the cab driver.\nJD.com\nJD.com, based in China, developed an infrastructure that enabled the same delivery guy to deliver your package, every time you order.\nIn a society that values familiarity, this is an interesting aspect that builds a lock-in. The delivery guy ends up being part of your extended family.\nAdditionally, you can also indicate your preferred date and time for delivery and ‘your’ delivery guy will co-ordinate with you.\nYour JD delivery boy also makes use of the above modified vehicles creating a unique, personalized inter-city delivery network.\nWeChat\nAlong with its basic communication features, WeChat users in China can access services to hail a taxi, order food delivery, buy movie tickets, play casual games, check in for a flight, send money to friends, access fitness tracker data, book a doctor appointment, get banking statements, pay the water bill, find geo-targeted coupons, recognize music, search for a book at the local library, meet strangers around you, follow celebrity news, read magazine articles, and even donate to charity … all in a single, integrated app.\nUS startups chase single use cases with exceptional UI/UX to do one thing well. It seems like Chinese and maybe Indians, prefer the complexity and simplicity of trusting just 1 app to manage everything.\nSingle’s Day (a product of Alibaba via Taobao/Tmall)\nTypically, celebrated on 11/11 enables consumers, actually singles in China to gift themselves a gift. It’s also called Double 11 but I prefer to call it anti-Valentine’s day. It’s a unique cultural phenomenon and Alibaba has developed a unique channel to deliver value to consumers.\nQuora\nQuora is wildly popular in India. It almost seems like an Indian product more than a US/Global product. I believe Quora took off in India, since Indians have a tendency give ‘gyaan’ — basically translated to knowledge or wisdom. Throughout the course of history, Indians have built up a highly intelligent society that immensely valued intelligence and wisdom.\nTinder\nTinder became a mainstay owing to the hookup culture. In India, Shaadi.com or BharatMatrimony are probably the more culturally familiar than Tinder. Bollywood and culture has deeply entrenched a notion of love at first sight. Tinder’s hookup image does not collude well with the mass market. Though it could be more attractive to a niche market.!\nTruly Madly and Aisle have done a much better job at customizing their product to Indian culture. Aisle uses LinkedIn as a sign procedure which automatically implies a marriage hunt. It is quite amusing but you can’t fight culture.\nStaying Local\nAt inception, there have been products that tapped in a truly local behavior of a culture. They made a product, based on a cultural secret and blindspot that enabled themselves to latch onto that behavior. These products seem like an extension of the consumer’s current behavior.\nZipDial\nMissed calls have been an inherently Indian behavior that almost everyone in India used. This emerged since call rates were initially quite expensive.\nIt is simply a widely socially acceptable form of dialing someone and hanging up after 1 ring. This usually has been done with the outcome of the action already planned or implied.\nHike\nHike, started out as a product that built a messaging tool similar to Whatsapp. As a differentiator, it innovated its way to staying relevant.\nUsing Hidden mode in Hike Messenger, you can hide your private chats, such that no one even knows they’re hidden, and access them only with the right password. In a country like India, where teenagers stay with their parents and families; where their need for privacy is constantly challenged; this feature solved a simple need.\nGoqii\nGoqii, started by Vishal Gondal, developed a model that provided coaches to guide you towards a healthier lifestyle. From inception, they believed that health bands were a commodity and beloved the real value is providing a coach to guide you on a healthier path. In a country, that values tutoring it makes Goqii blend into the Indian consumer mindset better.\nFreecharge\nFreeCharge.in provides an online facility to recharge any prepaid mobile phone, postpaid mobile, DTH & Data Cards in India.\nThey had a deep understanding of the Indian consumer behavior. Consumers who are transacting offline need a little incentive to come online and transact. Giving coupons and subsidizing things made people do that.\nSMSGyaan (by Innoz)\nIndia was primarily a feature phone market. Until recently, when the shift to smartphones has begun to accelerate. Innoz built a tool that enable a service that enabled consumers to SMS a question and receive a response.\nSMSGyan is totally SMS-based — you can not only send a search query through SMS, but can receive the answer via SMS as well.\nNowFloats\nNowFloats platform marries location and mobile to help local businesses create and manage their SEO optimized websites via SMS in 13 minutes. The startup makes a website for SMEs and then optimizes their updated messages to ensure local discovery through automated Search Engine Optimisation (SEO). Additionally, businesses can use it to update promos, offers, product information, and sales, etc. on the go.\nOyo Rooms\nThree years ago, Ritesh Agarwal founded Oravel, a clone of peer-to-peer lodging website Airbnb.\nA specific Indian market nuance is not finding standardized properties. This coupled with large families that live in apartments, typically does not leave ‘room’ for a home-stay. Its branding provides a franchise-like consistency of product.\nHomeVeda\nHomeveda, a health video content site focusing on natural health. The company provides short 2 to 3 min do-it-yourself (DIY) videos on its website. People in India typically have a wealth of health hacks that seem to work and HomeVeda capitalizes on that trend.\nSaaS Products\nProducts built for businesses or as it normally referred to as B2B have had a hard-time scaling in India. There is no inherent culture of paying for software in India. This could be because companies in India typically are not used to valuing time spent by their employees and is accounted for more as fixed cost than variable cost.\nMaybe the way to build SaaS startups for India, is to provide the software for free to gain mass adoption. Enable a transactional layer on top of it to extract value from the product. For instance, if one of the hyperlocal delivery startups were to build a inventory management app and give it away for free. Post that, provide value for consumers to search for relevant products. Though this may seem like building a bank to take out a loan from it. It could just work.\nAnother approach could be, designing for a local culture/behavior and take it similar cultures overseas later. It is a good idea to productize human behavior locally and standardize human behavior globally. It’s how most movements have spread.\nM-pesa (mobile money) —\nM-Pesa is a mobile phone-based money transfer, financing and micro-financing. M-Pesa allows users to deposit, withdraw, transfer money and pay for goods and services easily with a mobile device. then using it or reselling it. It started commoditizing a behavior to transfer talk time minutes as a currency.\nZippr\nZippr’s primary objective is to make ‘Zippr’ a mainstream alternative to long address. Zippr is a personalized identity-layer on maps which can be shared with people you know.\nIt wants to solve the severe problem of an inconsistent postal address format that was not designed to keep up with the growth that India is currently going through. Zippr can evolve into a unique platform to provide Indians with a unique code that can enable new products on top of their API.\nHurdles in Design for Culture\nThere are some obvious hurdles in designing for culture.\nMission: Having a Global vision right from the outset, will be paramount. While expanding your business, it is easy to get distracted and build products that make every product different in every market.\nProduct Design: Design your product for flexibility either when you start out but more prudently when you are ready to take your product global. Uber has done this spectacularly well and is commendable. Mina Rad, Fmr. Director of product at Uber has described the journey from complexity to simplicity.\nMarketing: Discounting products to be the last man standing is a very Chinese invention that has been replicated in India. These work to get customers into your door but ends up being a one-night stand (or multiple-night) instead of a marriage. Carefully, ensure that your product is designed to take your consumers to an ‘aha’ moment and you can capture the additional value created for consumers.\nDesign: The US tech industry is typically focussed on making products simple with amazing UI/UX. In China and India, the successful apps are a cluttered brouhaha. These cultures prefer the figuring out complexity and the nuances along the way. Once they are comfortable in your app, that’s your comfort zone.\nRegulations & Taxes: It is incredibly hard to keep track and navigate through all the regulations and taxes at the conception of your business. However, if you plan on expanding globally it is imperative that you would want to comply regulations in a country. As a locally targeted startup, this is where your strength could lie, find secrets/blind spots that enable you to be better.\nCompliance: Nicolas Colin from TheFamily writes Papers, has this wonderful illustration to develop a model to map your business’s ability to scale globally. Though most of these products, have had success outside their founding borders. They have relentlessly focussed on customizing their product for a local market.\nTo summarize, Designing for Culture has a few aspects:\nReplicating a product/service for a new market: This is probably the most common approach in designing for a particular market.\nTweaking a product to match the cultural norms for a particular market: Even if you decide to replicate, pay close attention to the cultural norms and different aspects that will empower your product or service to achieve mass market adoption. Just observe and build from first principles of culture.\nCreate products for cultural behaviors: Develop products that commoditize a deep cultural and obvious (in hindsight) secret of a particular culture. These products have the opportunity to create something users in your market love and grow into quickly.\nBusiness Model Innovation: Most of the above, need you to constantly innovate on your Business Model for that country. For instance, Cash on Delivery is almost imperative as an option, if you open an e-commerce venture in India or China.\nOperational Tweaking: It is estimated that in countries like India where Logistics infrastructure for products is absent, upto 30 people could end up touching your product. This has a dramatic increase in the cost of delivery in these markets.\nSo when you are thinking on expanding globally or thinking of cloning a startup for your market? Think first. Observe the culture. 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      "body": "<html>\n<p>The invention of Steemit will be one of the most important events in Human History.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>\"I am surprised at all the people in the high-tech industry focussed on making money. If that's all they want to do, they should have a $100 printing press in their basement and they will truly make money.\" - Philippe Kahn</p>\n<p><strong>Steemit has changed the game</strong> and it poses a real threat to the business model of Social networking. For the first time ever, you will have a truly blockchain based social network. More importantly, it is owned by the community. Reddit has been toying with this model but the secret seems to be building it from the ground up like Steemit.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>Social Networking and Content Distribution thrives on 3 things:</p>\n<p>1. Networked users</p>\n<p>2. Content Publishing&nbsp;</p>\n<p>3. Social engagement</p>\n<p>Steemit has all of the above, in spades. Even better, I think it does these three things even better. With the Blockchain and shared interest as the basis of the platform, it has truly challenged the conventional wisdom. This is ties into the interesting concept of <em>platform co-operatives.</em></p>\n<p><strong>Cooperative logic is based upon collaboration over competition, equity over self-interest, and sustainability over endless growth at all costs.&nbsp;</strong></p>\n<p>The International Cooperative Alliance (ICA) defines a cooperative as: <em>“an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly-owned and democratically controlled enterprise cooperatives are based on the values of self-help, self-responsibility, democracy, equality, equity, and solidarity.”&nbsp;</em></p>\n<p>Cooperatives already play a large role across many economic sectors, from agriculture, to banking and finance, to retail and health care. More than “1 billion people are currently members of cooperatives…[while] more than 100 million people are employed by cooperatives, or 20 percent more employees than in multinational companies.”In the US, cooperatives account for “more than $3 trillion in assets, over $500 billion in annual revenue, $25 billion in wages and benefits, and nearly 2 million jobs.”It is the coupling of the cooperative model of Commons management with an IoT infrastructure, however, that will enable more efficient production and equitable distribution than ever before.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><br></p>\n</html>",
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      "body": "<b>Top 5 reasons of the dying in 2060</b>: <i> Paraphrasing for the future</i>\n\n<b>1. I wish I’d had the courage to live a life true to myself, not try to think I’m Steve Jobs</b>\n\n“This was the most common regret of all. When people realise that their life is almost over and look back clearly on it, it is easy to see how many dreams have gone unfulfilled. Most people had not honoured even a half of their dreams and had to die knowing that it was due to choices they had made, or not made. They watched every video of Steve Jobs presenting awesome products and tried to emulate what he did. But, they were not themselves. They read the biography and thought that being mean and crazy about design would make them an awesome Entrepreneur. However, if they just did what they were good at, it would change everything.”\n\n<b>2. I wish I hadn’t worked 20 hour per day coding, when now everyone codes like it’s MS Excel</b>\n\n“This came from every male patient that I nursed. They missed their children’s youth and their partner’s companionship. Women also spoke of this regret, but as most were from an older generation, they didn’t code. All of the men I nursed deeply regretted spending so much of their lives on their computer. They basically should have found out easier ways to democratise coding”\n\n<b>3. I wish I’d had the courage to express my feelings to my investor</b>\n\n“Many people suppressed their feelings in order to keep peace with their investors. As a result, they settled for a mediocre existence and never became who they were truly capable of becoming. They investors trampled on them and pushed them in directions they didn’t want. They wish they had the courage to work along with their investor and choose their investor wisely. Someone who understood them”\n\n<b>4. I wish I had stayed in touch with my close friends, not all the people that I added randomly on Facebook.</b>\n\n“Often they would not truly realise the full benefits of non-facebook close friends until their dying weeks and it was not always possible to track them down. Many had become so caught up in their own lives liking random people’s facebook posts that they had let golden friendships slip by over the years. There were many deep regrets about not giving friendships the time and effort that they deserved. Wasting most of their time on social networks. Everyone misses their friends when they are dying but they had a new service that will keep posting for them long after they are gone”\n\n<b>5. I wish that I had let myself be happier (and wealthier)</b>\n\n“This is a surprisingly common one. Many did not realize until the end that happiness and wealth (not money) is a choice. They had stayed stuck in old patterns and habits. The so-called ‘comfort’ of familiarity overflowed into their emotions, as well as their physical lives. Fear of change had them pretending to others, and to their selves, that they were content, when deep within, they longed to laugh properly and have silliness in their life again. Some wish they had not exited to Facebook or being acqui-hired by Google.\nThey all wished their quantified devices could measure their happiness and tell them that they were more than 15% happier than their friends”",
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