Ecoer Logo
VOTING POWER95.04%
DOWNVOTE POWER0.00%
RESOURCE CREDITS100.00%
REPUTATION PROGRESS95.47%
Net Worth
0.000USD
STEEM
0.000STEEM
SBD
0.000SBD
Own SP
0.000SP

Detailed Balance

STEEM
balance
0.000STEEM
market_balance
0.000STEEM
savings_balance
0.000STEEM
reward_steem_balance
0.000STEEM
STEEM POWER
Own SP
0.000SP
Delegated Out
0.000SP
Delegation In
0.000SP
Effective Power
0.000SP
Reward SP (pending)
0.000SP
SBD
sbd_balance
0.000SBD
sbd_conversions
0.000SBD
sbd_market_balance
0.000SBD
savings_sbd_balance
0.000SBD
reward_sbd_balance
0.000SBD
{
  "balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "received_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "conversions": []
}

Account Info

namegreentre
id530668
rank1,918,636
reputation-4695674437
created2017-12-26T15:06:03
recovery_accountsteem
proxyNone
post_count2
comment_count0
lifetime_vote_count0
witnesses_voted_for0
last_post2018-08-08T07:28:18
last_root_post2018-08-08T07:28:18
last_vote_time2018-04-28T01:35:30
proxied_vsf_votes0, 0, 0, 0
can_vote1
voting_power9,504
delayed_votes0
balance0.000 STEEM
savings_balance0.000 STEEM
sbd_balance0.000 SBD
savings_sbd_balance0.000 SBD
vesting_shares0.000000 VESTS
delegated_vesting_shares0.000000 VESTS
received_vesting_shares0.000000 VESTS
reward_vesting_balance0.000000 VESTS
vesting_balance0.000 STEEM
vesting_withdraw_rate0.000000 VESTS
next_vesting_withdrawal1969-12-31T23:59:59
withdrawn86396707
to_withdraw86396707
withdraw_routes1
savings_withdraw_requests0
last_account_recovery1970-01-01T00:00:00
reset_accountnull
last_owner_update1970-01-01T00:00:00
last_account_update1970-01-01T00:00:00
minedNo
sbd_seconds22,644,876
sbd_last_interest_payment2018-08-08T11:39:45
savings_sbd_last_interest_payment1970-01-01T00:00:00
{
  "id": 530668,
  "name": "greentre",
  "owner": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM5bUZcKQbWJiyiCB1vycMg6zCcPdHG7CNp8qoBxEZtWm1dZ6ysD",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "active": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM58B6z8NP2LniaxXbXezqJ7XXbZEDoKmAT6msYeeZcrmwT3ugo7",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "posting": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM8giEMNmKrUwoLn55R3sg99tp5ZQEeiQemz2rSEtq8m7PnyDxyp",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "memo_key": "STM7ayE3hjfpJsDTfefqUBSbuzk4xGEj67HEQqdPXY5J3ECsL1p8k",
  "json_metadata": "",
  "posting_json_metadata": "",
  "proxy": "",
  "last_owner_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "last_account_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "created": "2017-12-26T15:06:03",
  "mined": false,
  "recovery_account": "steem",
  "last_account_recovery": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "reset_account": "null",
  "comment_count": 0,
  "lifetime_vote_count": 0,
  "post_count": 2,
  "can_vote": true,
  "voting_manabar": {
    "current_mana": 9504,
    "last_update_time": 1524879330
  },
  "downvote_manabar": {
    "current_mana": 0,
    "last_update_time": 1514300763
  },
  "voting_power": 9504,
  "balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "sbd_seconds": "22644876",
  "sbd_seconds_last_update": "2018-08-09T01:17:39",
  "sbd_last_interest_payment": "2018-08-08T11:39:45",
  "savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "savings_sbd_seconds": "0",
  "savings_sbd_seconds_last_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_withdraw_requests": 0,
  "reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reward_vesting_balance": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "reward_vesting_steem": "0.000 STEEM",
  "vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "received_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "vesting_withdraw_rate": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "next_vesting_withdrawal": "1969-12-31T23:59:59",
  "withdrawn": 86396707,
  "to_withdraw": 86396707,
  "withdraw_routes": 1,
  "curation_rewards": 42,
  "posting_rewards": 0,
  "proxied_vsf_votes": [
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0
  ],
  "witnesses_voted_for": 0,
  "last_post": "2018-08-08T07:28:18",
  "last_root_post": "2018-08-08T07:28:18",
  "last_vote_time": "2018-04-28T01:35:30",
  "post_bandwidth": 0,
  "pending_claimed_accounts": 0,
  "vesting_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reputation": -4695674437,
  "transfer_history": [],
  "market_history": [],
  "post_history": [],
  "vote_history": [],
  "other_history": [],
  "witness_votes": [],
  "tags_usage": [],
  "guest_bloggers": [],
  "rank": 1918636
}

Withdraw Routes

IncomingOutgoing
Empty
luckdiver
100.000%STEEM
{
  "incoming": [],
  "outgoing": [
    {
      "id": 39620,
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "luckdiver",
      "percent": 10000,
      "auto_vest": false
    }
  ]
}
From Date
To Date
2019/12/26 15:48:00
parent authorgreentre
parent permlinkgradual-approach-to-an-independent-optical-artificial-neural-network
authorsteemitboard
permlinksteemitboard-notify-greentre-20191226t154759000z
title
bodyCongratulations @greentre! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@greentre/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table> <sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@greentre) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=greentre)_</sub> ###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!
json metadata{"image":["https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png"]}
Transaction InfoBlock #39378759/Trx 561e596db8954a408be6655ffc5aaf4f36737ca1
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "561e596db8954a408be6655ffc5aaf4f36737ca1",
  "block": 39378759,
  "trx_in_block": 5,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2019-12-26T15:48:00",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "greentre",
      "parent_permlink": "gradual-approach-to-an-independent-optical-artificial-neural-network",
      "author": "steemitboard",
      "permlink": "steemitboard-notify-greentre-20191226t154759000z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Congratulations @greentre! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@greentre/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@greentre) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=greentre)_</sub>\n\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
      "json_metadata": "{\"image\":[\"https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png\"]}"
    }
  ]
}
greentrereceived 0.000 STEEM from power down installment (0.000 SP)
2019/01/07 17:10:57
from accountgreentre
to accountgreentre
withdrawn0.000000 VESTS
deposited0.000 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #29252366/Virtual Operation #20
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 29252366,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 20,
  "timestamp": "2019-01-07T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "greentre",
      "withdrawn": "0.000000 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.000 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
greentresent 0.000 STEEM to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.000 SP)
2019/01/07 17:10:57
from accountgreentre
to accountluckdiver
withdrawn0.000007 VESTS
deposited0.000 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #29252366/Virtual Operation #19
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 29252366,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 19,
  "timestamp": "2019-01-07T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "luckdiver",
      "withdrawn": "0.000007 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.000 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
greentrereceived 0.000 STEEM from power down installment (0.000 SP)
2018/12/31 17:10:57
from accountgreentre
to accountgreentre
withdrawn0.000000 VESTS
deposited0.000 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #29051017/Virtual Operation #23
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 29051017,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 23,
  "timestamp": "2018-12-31T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "greentre",
      "withdrawn": "0.000000 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.000 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
greentresent 0.003 STEEM to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.004 SP)
2018/12/31 17:10:57
from accountgreentre
to accountluckdiver
withdrawn6.645900 VESTS
deposited0.003 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #29051017/Virtual Operation #22
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 29051017,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 22,
  "timestamp": "2018-12-31T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "luckdiver",
      "withdrawn": "6.645900 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.003 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
2018/12/26 15:44:18
parent authorgreentre
parent permlinkgradual-approach-to-an-independent-optical-artificial-neural-network
authorsteemitboard
permlinksteemitboard-notify-greentre-20181226t154418000z
title
bodyCongratulations @greentre! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@greentre/birthday1.png</td><td>1 Year on Steemit</td></tr></table> <sub>_[Click here to view your Board](https://steemitboard.com/@greentre)_</sub> **Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:** <table><tr><td><a href="https://steemit.com/christmas/@steemitboard/christmas-challenge-send-a-gift-to-to-your-friends-the-party-continues"><img src="https://steemitimages.com/64x128/http://i.cubeupload.com/kf4SJb.png"></a></td><td><a href="https://steemit.com/christmas/@steemitboard/christmas-challenge-send-a-gift-to-to-your-friends-the-party-continues">Christmas Challenge - The party continues</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://steemit.com/christmas/@steemitboard/christmas-challenge-send-a-gift-to-to-your-friends"><img src="https://steemitimages.com/64x128/http://i.cubeupload.com/kf4SJb.png"></a></td><td><a href="https://steemit.com/christmas/@steemitboard/christmas-challenge-send-a-gift-to-to-your-friends">Christmas Challenge - Send a gift to to your friends</a></td></tr></table> > Support [SteemitBoard's project](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)! **[Vote for its witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1)** and **get one more award**!
json metadata{"image":["https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png"]}
Transaction InfoBlock #28905356/Trx 3ecffb120989af263f99bb6d895bd3964cd91e58
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "3ecffb120989af263f99bb6d895bd3964cd91e58",
  "block": 28905356,
  "trx_in_block": 4,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-12-26T15:44:18",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "greentre",
      "parent_permlink": "gradual-approach-to-an-independent-optical-artificial-neural-network",
      "author": "steemitboard",
      "permlink": "steemitboard-notify-greentre-20181226t154418000z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Congratulations @greentre! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@greentre/birthday1.png</td><td>1 Year on Steemit</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_[Click here to view your Board](https://steemitboard.com/@greentre)_</sub>\n\n\n**Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:**\n<table><tr><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/christmas/@steemitboard/christmas-challenge-send-a-gift-to-to-your-friends-the-party-continues\"><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/64x128/http://i.cubeupload.com/kf4SJb.png\"></a></td><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/christmas/@steemitboard/christmas-challenge-send-a-gift-to-to-your-friends-the-party-continues\">Christmas Challenge - The party continues</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/christmas/@steemitboard/christmas-challenge-send-a-gift-to-to-your-friends\"><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/64x128/http://i.cubeupload.com/kf4SJb.png\"></a></td><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/christmas/@steemitboard/christmas-challenge-send-a-gift-to-to-your-friends\">Christmas Challenge - Send a gift to to your friends</a></td></tr></table>\n\n> Support [SteemitBoard's project](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)! **[Vote for its witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1)** and **get one more award**!",
      "json_metadata": "{\"image\":[\"https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png\"]}"
    }
  ]
}
greentrereceived 0.000 STEEM from power down installment (0.000 SP)
2018/12/24 17:10:57
from accountgreentre
to accountgreentre
withdrawn0.000000 VESTS
deposited0.000 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #28849510/Virtual Operation #27
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 28849510,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 27,
  "timestamp": "2018-12-24T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "greentre",
      "withdrawn": "0.000000 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.000 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
greentresent 0.003 STEEM to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.004 SP)
2018/12/24 17:10:57
from accountgreentre
to accountluckdiver
withdrawn6.645900 VESTS
deposited0.003 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #28849510/Virtual Operation #26
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 28849510,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 26,
  "timestamp": "2018-12-24T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "luckdiver",
      "withdrawn": "6.645900 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.003 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
greentrereceived 0.000 STEEM from power down installment (0.000 SP)
2018/12/17 17:10:57
from accountgreentre
to accountgreentre
withdrawn0.000000 VESTS
deposited0.000 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #28648044/Virtual Operation #31
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 28648044,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 31,
  "timestamp": "2018-12-17T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "greentre",
      "withdrawn": "0.000000 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.000 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
greentresent 0.003 STEEM to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.004 SP)
2018/12/17 17:10:57
from accountgreentre
to accountluckdiver
withdrawn6.645900 VESTS
deposited0.003 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #28648044/Virtual Operation #30
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 28648044,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 30,
  "timestamp": "2018-12-17T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "luckdiver",
      "withdrawn": "6.645900 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.003 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
greentrereceived 0.000 STEEM from power down installment (0.000 SP)
2018/12/10 17:10:57
from accountgreentre
to accountgreentre
withdrawn0.000000 VESTS
deposited0.000 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #28446577/Virtual Operation #23
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 28446577,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 23,
  "timestamp": "2018-12-10T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "greentre",
      "withdrawn": "0.000000 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.000 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
greentresent 0.003 STEEM to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.004 SP)
2018/12/10 17:10:57
from accountgreentre
to accountluckdiver
withdrawn6.645900 VESTS
deposited0.003 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #28446577/Virtual Operation #22
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 28446577,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 22,
  "timestamp": "2018-12-10T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "luckdiver",
      "withdrawn": "6.645900 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.003 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
greentrereceived 0.000 STEEM from power down installment (0.000 SP)
2018/12/03 17:10:57
from accountgreentre
to accountgreentre
withdrawn0.000000 VESTS
deposited0.000 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #28245084/Virtual Operation #25
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 28245084,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 25,
  "timestamp": "2018-12-03T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "greentre",
      "withdrawn": "0.000000 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.000 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
greentresent 0.003 STEEM to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.004 SP)
2018/12/03 17:10:57
from accountgreentre
to accountluckdiver
withdrawn6.645900 VESTS
deposited0.003 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #28245084/Virtual Operation #24
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 28245084,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 24,
  "timestamp": "2018-12-03T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "luckdiver",
      "withdrawn": "6.645900 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.003 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
greentrereceived 0.000 STEEM from power down installment (0.000 SP)
2018/11/26 17:10:57
from accountgreentre
to accountgreentre
withdrawn0.000000 VESTS
deposited0.000 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #28043559/Virtual Operation #113
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 28043559,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 113,
  "timestamp": "2018-11-26T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "greentre",
      "withdrawn": "0.000000 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.000 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
greentresent 0.003 STEEM to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.004 SP)
2018/11/26 17:10:57
from accountgreentre
to accountluckdiver
withdrawn6.645900 VESTS
deposited0.003 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #28043559/Virtual Operation #112
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 28043559,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 112,
  "timestamp": "2018-11-26T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "luckdiver",
      "withdrawn": "6.645900 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.003 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
greentrereceived 0.000 STEEM from power down installment (0.000 SP)
2018/11/19 17:10:57
from accountgreentre
to accountgreentre
withdrawn0.000000 VESTS
deposited0.000 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #27842061/Virtual Operation #32
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 27842061,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 32,
  "timestamp": "2018-11-19T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "greentre",
      "withdrawn": "0.000000 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.000 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
greentresent 0.003 STEEM to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.004 SP)
2018/11/19 17:10:57
from accountgreentre
to accountluckdiver
withdrawn6.645900 VESTS
deposited0.003 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #27842061/Virtual Operation #31
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 27842061,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 31,
  "timestamp": "2018-11-19T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "luckdiver",
      "withdrawn": "6.645900 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.003 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
greentrereceived 0.000 STEEM from power down installment (0.000 SP)
2018/11/12 17:10:57
from accountgreentre
to accountgreentre
withdrawn0.000000 VESTS
deposited0.000 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #27640598/Virtual Operation #22
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 27640598,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 22,
  "timestamp": "2018-11-12T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "greentre",
      "withdrawn": "0.000000 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.000 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
greentresent 0.003 STEEM to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.004 SP)
2018/11/12 17:10:57
from accountgreentre
to accountluckdiver
withdrawn6.645900 VESTS
deposited0.003 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #27640598/Virtual Operation #21
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 27640598,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 21,
  "timestamp": "2018-11-12T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "luckdiver",
      "withdrawn": "6.645900 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.003 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
greentrereceived 0.000 STEEM from power down installment (0.000 SP)
2018/11/05 17:11:00
from accountgreentre
to accountgreentre
withdrawn0.000000 VESTS
deposited0.000 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #27439128/Virtual Operation #35
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 27439128,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 35,
  "timestamp": "2018-11-05T17:11:00",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "greentre",
      "withdrawn": "0.000000 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.000 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
greentresent 0.003 STEEM to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.004 SP)
2018/11/05 17:11:00
from accountgreentre
to accountluckdiver
withdrawn6.645900 VESTS
deposited0.003 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #27439128/Virtual Operation #34
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 27439128,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 34,
  "timestamp": "2018-11-05T17:11:00",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "luckdiver",
      "withdrawn": "6.645900 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.003 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
greentrereceived 0.000 STEEM from power down installment (0.000 SP)
2018/10/29 17:10:57
from accountgreentre
to accountgreentre
withdrawn0.000000 VESTS
deposited0.000 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #27237701/Virtual Operation #23
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 27237701,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 23,
  "timestamp": "2018-10-29T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "greentre",
      "withdrawn": "0.000000 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.000 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
greentresent 0.003 STEEM to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.004 SP)
2018/10/29 17:10:57
from accountgreentre
to accountluckdiver
withdrawn6.645900 VESTS
deposited0.003 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #27237701/Virtual Operation #22
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 27237701,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 22,
  "timestamp": "2018-10-29T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "luckdiver",
      "withdrawn": "6.645900 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.003 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
greentrereceived 0.000 STEEM from power down installment (0.000 SP)
2018/10/22 17:10:57
from accountgreentre
to accountgreentre
withdrawn0.000000 VESTS
deposited0.000 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #27036242/Virtual Operation #35
View Raw JSON Data
{
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  "block": 27036242,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 35,
  "timestamp": "2018-10-22T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "greentre",
      "withdrawn": "0.000000 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.000 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
greentresent 0.003 STEEM to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.004 SP)
2018/10/22 17:10:57
from accountgreentre
to accountluckdiver
withdrawn6.645900 VESTS
deposited0.003 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #27036242/Virtual Operation #34
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 27036242,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 34,
  "timestamp": "2018-10-22T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "luckdiver",
      "withdrawn": "6.645900 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.003 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
greentrereceived 0.000 STEEM from power down installment (0.000 SP)
2018/10/15 17:10:57
from accountgreentre
to accountgreentre
withdrawn0.000000 VESTS
deposited0.000 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #26834804/Virtual Operation #22
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 26834804,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 22,
  "timestamp": "2018-10-15T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "greentre",
      "withdrawn": "0.000000 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.000 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
greentresent 0.003 STEEM to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.004 SP)
2018/10/15 17:10:57
from accountgreentre
to accountluckdiver
withdrawn6.645900 VESTS
deposited0.003 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #26834804/Virtual Operation #21
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 26834804,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 21,
  "timestamp": "2018-10-15T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "luckdiver",
      "withdrawn": "6.645900 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.003 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
greentrereceived 0.000 STEEM from power down installment (0.000 SP)
2018/10/08 17:10:57
from accountgreentre
to accountgreentre
withdrawn0.000000 VESTS
deposited0.000 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #26633342/Virtual Operation #22
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 26633342,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 22,
  "timestamp": "2018-10-08T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "greentre",
      "withdrawn": "0.000000 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.000 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
greentresent 0.003 STEEM to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.004 SP)
2018/10/08 17:10:57
from accountgreentre
to accountluckdiver
withdrawn6.645900 VESTS
deposited0.003 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #26633342/Virtual Operation #21
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 26633342,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 21,
  "timestamp": "2018-10-08T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "luckdiver",
      "withdrawn": "6.645900 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.003 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
greentreset power down withdrawal route to @luckdiver (100.00%)
2018/10/01 17:10:57
from accountgreentre
to accountluckdiver
percent10000
auto vestfalse
Transaction InfoBlock #26431862/Trx d7bbfeede9c5534bdc5adf44fad69f6c9653eb97
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "d7bbfeede9c5534bdc5adf44fad69f6c9653eb97",
  "block": 26431862,
  "trx_in_block": 30,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-10-01T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "set_withdraw_vesting_route",
    {
      "from_account": "greentre",
      "to_account": "luckdiver",
      "percent": 10000,
      "auto_vest": false
    }
  ]
}
greentrestarted power down of 0.053 SP
2018/10/01 17:10:57
accountgreentre
vesting shares86.396707 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #26431862/Trx 2236db028353f8c9afe1a09d50e3452eb03a2f6b
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "2236db028353f8c9afe1a09d50e3452eb03a2f6b",
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  "trx_in_block": 26,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-10-01T17:10:57",
  "op": [
    "withdraw_vesting",
    {
      "account": "greentre",
      "vesting_shares": "86.396707 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
2018/08/15 04:26:12
voterspaminator
authorgreentre
permlinkgradual-approach-to-an-independent-optical-artificial-neural-network
weight-33 (-0.33%)
Transaction InfoBlock #25079436/Trx 0c0893daccbf96ed7fa5aee50ddd33350914c6d4
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0c0893daccbf96ed7fa5aee50ddd33350914c6d4",
  "block": 25079436,
  "trx_in_block": 21,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-08-15T04:26:12",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "spaminator",
      "author": "greentre",
      "permlink": "gradual-approach-to-an-independent-optical-artificial-neural-network",
      "weight": -33
    }
  ]
}
2018/08/15 04:26:09
voterprowler
authorgreentre
permlinkgradual-approach-to-an-independent-optical-artificial-neural-network
weight-100 (-1.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #25079435/Trx a2d279419bc029311c839ac262ef37943dabad2d
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "a2d279419bc029311c839ac262ef37943dabad2d",
  "block": 25079435,
  "trx_in_block": 16,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-08-15T04:26:09",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "prowler",
      "author": "greentre",
      "permlink": "gradual-approach-to-an-independent-optical-artificial-neural-network",
      "weight": -100
    }
  ]
}
greentresent 0.183 SBD to @avdvla1984- "round"
2018/08/09 01:17:39
fromgreentre
toavdvla1984
amount0.183 SBD
memoround
Transaction InfoBlock #24902920/Trx 76efd6217439f857d255c11097ac45a3b7dac1f8
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "76efd6217439f857d255c11097ac45a3b7dac1f8",
  "block": 24902920,
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-08-09T01:17:39",
  "op": [
    "transfer",
    {
      "from": "greentre",
      "to": "avdvla1984",
      "amount": "0.183 SBD",
      "memo": "round"
    }
  ]
}
2018/08/08 22:57:24
voterairbud23
authorgreentre
permlinkgradual-approach-to-an-independent-optical-artificial-neural-network
weight1100 (11.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #24900119/Trx 1334faf1da8cef28196a0cd3034701f598e7e587
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "1334faf1da8cef28196a0cd3034701f598e7e587",
  "block": 24900119,
  "trx_in_block": 8,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-08-08T22:57:24",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "airbud23",
      "author": "greentre",
      "permlink": "gradual-approach-to-an-independent-optical-artificial-neural-network",
      "weight": 1100
    }
  ]
}
minnowboostersent 0.011 SBD to @greentre- "You got an upgoat that will be done by airbud23. We refund an open value of 0.011 SBD! Request-Id: 1452912"
2018/08/08 22:57:24
fromminnowbooster
togreentre
amount0.011 SBD
memoYou got an upgoat that will be done by airbud23. We refund an open value of 0.011 SBD! Request-Id: 1452912
Transaction InfoBlock #24900119/Trx 6d580136e5ec48225fb8274a7acc9f70fdfc74a0
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "6d580136e5ec48225fb8274a7acc9f70fdfc74a0",
  "block": 24900119,
  "trx_in_block": 6,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-08-08T22:57:24",
  "op": [
    "transfer",
    {
      "from": "minnowbooster",
      "to": "greentre",
      "amount": "0.011 SBD",
      "memo": "You got an upgoat that will be done by airbud23. We refund an open value of 0.011 SBD! Request-Id: 1452912"
    }
  ]
}
greentresent 0.200 SBD to @minnowbooster- "https://steemit.com/news/@greentre/gradual-approach-to-an-independent-optical-artificial-neural-network"
2018/08/08 22:56:18
fromgreentre
tominnowbooster
amount0.200 SBD
memohttps://steemit.com/news/@greentre/gradual-approach-to-an-independent-optical-artificial-neural-network
Transaction InfoBlock #24900097/Trx 2158034d7a9f68a0ffd4893ff107d0d114562779
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "2158034d7a9f68a0ffd4893ff107d0d114562779",
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  "trx_in_block": 4,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-08-08T22:56:18",
  "op": [
    "transfer",
    {
      "from": "greentre",
      "to": "minnowbooster",
      "amount": "0.200 SBD",
      "memo": "https://steemit.com/news/@greentre/gradual-approach-to-an-independent-optical-artificial-neural-network"
    }
  ]
}
2018/08/08 22:49:15
votersteembalkan
authorgreentre
permlinkgradual-approach-to-an-independent-optical-artificial-neural-network
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #24899956/Trx d1f807aef819628b62d2a6ccb1dc43d90eccda76
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "d1f807aef819628b62d2a6ccb1dc43d90eccda76",
  "block": 24899956,
  "trx_in_block": 52,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-08-08T22:49:15",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "steembalkan",
      "author": "greentre",
      "permlink": "gradual-approach-to-an-independent-optical-artificial-neural-network",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}
2018/08/08 22:49:15
voterdoc.hodes
authorgreentre
permlinkgradual-approach-to-an-independent-optical-artificial-neural-network
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #24899956/Trx e2a0f75e754d9269b1859d8222e9866e8c442761
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "e2a0f75e754d9269b1859d8222e9866e8c442761",
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  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-08-08T22:49:15",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "doc.hodes",
      "author": "greentre",
      "permlink": "gradual-approach-to-an-independent-optical-artificial-neural-network",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}
2018/08/08 22:49:15
voterdrwom
authorgreentre
permlinkgradual-approach-to-an-independent-optical-artificial-neural-network
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #24899956/Trx a7a20ab1170856f038bd35b9f1d246eaaa5d04dd
View Raw JSON Data
{
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  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-08-08T22:49:15",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "drwom",
      "author": "greentre",
      "permlink": "gradual-approach-to-an-independent-optical-artificial-neural-network",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}
2018/08/08 22:49:15
voternelufareasmin
authorgreentre
permlinkgradual-approach-to-an-independent-optical-artificial-neural-network
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #24899956/Trx ddd1231196837f4d0cbcafd148099658079cb125
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "ddd1231196837f4d0cbcafd148099658079cb125",
  "block": 24899956,
  "trx_in_block": 49,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-08-08T22:49:15",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "nelufareasmin",
      "author": "greentre",
      "permlink": "gradual-approach-to-an-independent-optical-artificial-neural-network",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}
2018/08/08 22:49:15
votervideosteemit
authorgreentre
permlinkgradual-approach-to-an-independent-optical-artificial-neural-network
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #24899956/Trx 45561376c6dd36c5f6baa1c11cc0b8f0ad829fe3
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "45561376c6dd36c5f6baa1c11cc0b8f0ad829fe3",
  "block": 24899956,
  "trx_in_block": 48,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-08-08T22:49:15",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "videosteemit",
      "author": "greentre",
      "permlink": "gradual-approach-to-an-independent-optical-artificial-neural-network",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}
2018/08/08 22:49:15
voterajaygautam621
authorgreentre
permlinkgradual-approach-to-an-independent-optical-artificial-neural-network
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #24899956/Trx 548fa765ec82efdf73f95e73ce7fd237e3c7a9c6
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "548fa765ec82efdf73f95e73ce7fd237e3c7a9c6",
  "block": 24899956,
  "trx_in_block": 46,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-08-08T22:49:15",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "ajaygautam621",
      "author": "greentre",
      "permlink": "gradual-approach-to-an-independent-optical-artificial-neural-network",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}
2018/08/08 22:49:15
voterheather2000
authorgreentre
permlinkgradual-approach-to-an-independent-optical-artificial-neural-network
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #24899956/Trx b5b5ff59139cafa95717c482fa5ceac44957b6d0
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "b5b5ff59139cafa95717c482fa5ceac44957b6d0",
  "block": 24899956,
  "trx_in_block": 45,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
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2018/08/08 22:49:15
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2018/08/08 22:49:15
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2018/08/08 22:49:15
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2018/08/08 22:49:15
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2018/08/08 22:49:15
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2018/08/08 22:48:15
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2018/08/08 20:22:33
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2018/08/08 20:21:57
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2018/08/08 15:48:36
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2018/08/08 15:48:36
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2018/08/08 15:47:42
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2018/08/08 13:04:27
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2018/08/08 13:03:39
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2018/08/08 11:40:24
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2018/08/08 11:40:24
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2018/08/08 11:40:24
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hajisent 0.001 SBD to @greentre- "🌹Hello my dear friend 🌐 Resteem your post βœ…9,500 Followers βœ…+ReSteem in 5 Accounts ( 28,000 Followers ) πŸ”±+100 Upvote @haji πŸ‘₯+New followers βœ…+Loyality bonus FREE. βœ…Send 1 SBD or 1 STEEM To haji UR..."
2018/08/08 11:39:51
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memo🌹Hello my dear friend 🌐 Resteem your post βœ…9,500 Followers βœ…+ReSteem in 5 Accounts ( 28,000 Followers ) πŸ”±+100 Upvote @haji πŸ‘₯+New followers βœ…+Loyality bonus FREE. βœ…Send 1 SBD or 1 STEEM To haji URL as Memo Service ACTIVE
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2018/08/08 11:39:45
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2018/08/08 10:27:00
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2018/08/08 07:28:18
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2018/08/08 07:28:18
parent author
parent permlinknews
authorgreentre
permlinkgradual-approach-to-an-independent-optical-artificial-neural-network
titlegradual approach to an independent optical artificial neural network
body<html> <p>https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmWmUhE7nFm6adNUqDnkG2ydPyuFTbSduhYorAbX5J7TU2/image.png<br></p> <p><strong>Optical training of neural networks could lead to more efficient artificial intelligence</strong></p> <p></p> <p><em>&nbsp;Researchers have shown a neural network can be trained using an optical circuit (blue rectangle in the illustration). In the full network there would be several of these linked together. The laser inputs (green) encode information that is carried through the chip by optical waveguides (black). The chip performs operations crucial to the artificial neural network using tunable beam splitters, which are represented by the curved sections in the waveguides. These sections couple two adjacent waveguides together and are tuned by adjusting the settings of optical phase shifters (red and blue glowing objects), which act like 'knobs' that can be adjusted during training to perform a given task.&nbsp;</em></p> <p>&nbsp;<strong>Researchers have shown that it is possible to train artificial neural networks directly on an optical chip. The significant breakthrough demonstrates that an optical circuit can perform a critical function of an electronics-based artificial neural network and could lead to less expensive, faster and more energy efficient ways to perform complex tasks such as speech or image recognition.</strong></p> <p>'Using an optical chip to perform neural network computations more efficiently than is possible with digital computers could allow more complex problems to be solved,' said research team leader Shanhui Fan of Stanford University. 'This would enhance the capability of artificial neural networks to perform tasks required for self-driving cars or to formulate an appropriate response to a spoken question, for example. It could also improve our lives in ways we can't imagine now.'</p> <p>&nbsp;An artificial neural network is a type of artificial intelligence that uses connected units to process information in a manner similar to the way the brain processes information. Using these networks to perform a complex task, for instance voice recognition, requires the critical step of training the algorithms to categorize inputs, such as different words.&nbsp;</p> <p>Although optical artificial neural networks were recently demonstrated experimentally, the training step was performed using a model on a traditional digital computer and the final settings were then imported into the optical circuit. In <em>Optica</em>, The Optical Society's journal for high impact research, Stanford University researchers report a method for training these networks directly in the device by implementing an optical analogue of the 'backpropagation' algorithm, which is the standard way to train conventional neural networks.</p> <p>'Using a physical device rather than a computer model for training makes the process more accurate,' said Tyler W. Hughes, first author of the paper. 'Also, because the training step is a very computationally expensive part of the implementation of the neural network, performing this step optically is key to improving the computational efficiency, speed and power consumption of artificial networks.'&nbsp;</p> <p><br></p> <p>&nbsp;<strong>A light-based network</strong></p> <p>Although neural network processing is typically performed using a traditional computer, there are significant efforts to design hardware optimized specifically for neural network computing. Optics-based devices are of great interest because they can perform computations in parallel while using less energy than electronic devices.&nbsp;</p> https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmU7Sky2hDXtwiqopW3B9BSBEBWJPWiN4QozMN8m3fUn4q/image.png<p>&nbsp;In the new work, the researchers overcame a significant challenge to implementing an all-optical neural network by designing an optical chip that replicates the way that conventional computers train neural networks.<br> &nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;An artificial neural network can be thought of as a black box with a number of knobs. During the training step, these knobs are each turned a little and then the system is tested to see if the performance of the algorithms improved.<br> &nbsp;'Our method not only helps predict which direction to turn the knobs but also how much you should turn each knob to get you closer to the desired performance,' said Hughes. 'Our approach speeds up training significantly, especially for large networks, because we get information about each knob in parallel.'<br> &nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;<strong>On-chip training</strong></p> <p>The new training protocol operates on optical circuits with tunable beam splitters that are adjusted by changing the settings of optical phase shifters. Laser beams encoding information to be processed are fired into the optical circuit and carried by optical waveguides through the beam splitters, which are adjusted like knobs to train the neural network algorithms.</p> <p>In the new training protocol, the laser is first fed through the optical circuit. Upon exiting the device, the difference from the expected outcome is calculated. This information is then used to generate a new light signal, which is sent back through the optical network in the opposite direction. By measuring the optical intensity around each beam splitter during this process, the researchers showed how to detect, in parallel, how the neural network performance will change with respect to each beam splitter's setting. The phase shifter settings can be changed based on this information, and the process may be repeated until the neural network produces the desired outcome.</p>https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmUsLz1PRyyiZ4vhB8Z15gNBipfoUZR6X6xCDu2rjCQ4zn/image.png <p>The researchers tested their training technique with optical simulations by teaching an algorithm to perform complicated functions, such as picking out complex features within a set of points. They found that the optical implementation performed similarly to a conventional computer.</p> <p>'Our work demonstrates that you can use the laws of physics to implement computer science algorithms,' said Fan. 'By training these networks in the optical domain, it shows that optical neural network systems could be built to carry out certain functionalities using optics alone.</p> <p>'The researchers plan to further optimize the system and want to use it to implement a practical application of a neural network task. The general approach they designed could be used with various neural network architectures and for other applications such as reconfigurable optics.&nbsp;</p> </html>
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      "body": "<html> <p>https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmWmUhE7nFm6adNUqDnkG2ydPyuFTbSduhYorAbX5J7TU2/image.png<br></p> <p><strong>Optical training of neural networks could lead to more efficient artificial intelligence</strong></p> <p></p> <p><em>&nbsp;Researchers have shown a neural network can be trained using an optical circuit (blue rectangle in the illustration). In the full network there would be several of these linked together. The laser inputs (green) encode information that is carried through the chip by optical waveguides (black). The chip performs operations crucial to the artificial neural network using tunable beam splitters, which are represented by the curved sections in the waveguides. These sections couple two adjacent waveguides together and are tuned by adjusting the settings of optical phase shifters (red and blue glowing objects), which act like 'knobs' that can be adjusted during training to perform a given task.&nbsp;</em></p> <p>&nbsp;<strong>Researchers have shown that it is possible to train artificial neural networks directly on an optical chip. The significant breakthrough demonstrates that an optical circuit can perform a critical function of an electronics-based artificial neural network and could lead to less expensive, faster and more energy efficient ways to perform complex tasks such as speech or image recognition.</strong></p> <p>'Using an optical chip to perform neural network computations more efficiently than is possible with digital computers could allow more complex problems to be solved,' said research team leader Shanhui Fan of Stanford University. 'This would enhance the capability of artificial neural networks to perform tasks required for self-driving cars or to formulate an appropriate response to a spoken question, for example. It could also improve our lives in ways we can't imagine now.'</p> <p>&nbsp;An artificial neural network is a type of artificial intelligence that uses connected units to process information in a manner similar to the way the brain processes information. Using these networks to perform a complex task, for instance voice recognition, requires the critical step of training the algorithms to categorize inputs, such as different words.&nbsp;</p> <p>Although optical artificial neural networks were recently demonstrated experimentally, the training step was performed using a model on a traditional digital computer and the final settings were then imported into the optical circuit. In <em>Optica</em>, The Optical Society's journal for high impact research, Stanford University researchers report a method for training these networks directly in the device by implementing an optical analogue of the 'backpropagation' algorithm, which is the standard way to train conventional neural networks.</p> <p>'Using a physical device rather than a computer model for training makes the process more accurate,' said Tyler W. Hughes, first author of the paper. 'Also, because the training step is a very computationally expensive part of the implementation of the neural network, performing this step optically is key to improving the computational efficiency, speed and power consumption of artificial networks.'&nbsp;</p> <p><br></p> <p>&nbsp;<strong>A light-based network</strong></p> <p>Although neural network processing is typically performed using a traditional computer, there are significant efforts to design hardware optimized specifically for neural network computing. Optics-based devices are of great interest because they can perform computations in parallel while using less energy than electronic devices.&nbsp;</p> https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmU7Sky2hDXtwiqopW3B9BSBEBWJPWiN4QozMN8m3fUn4q/image.png<p>&nbsp;In the new work, the researchers overcame a significant challenge to implementing an all-optical neural network by designing an optical chip that replicates the way that conventional computers train neural networks.<br> &nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;An artificial neural network can be thought of as a black box with a number of knobs. During the training step, these knobs are each turned a little and then the system is tested to see if the performance of the algorithms improved.<br> &nbsp;'Our method not only helps predict which direction to turn the knobs but also how much you should turn each knob to get you closer to the desired performance,' said Hughes. 'Our approach speeds up training significantly, especially for large networks, because we get information about each knob in parallel.'<br> &nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;<strong>On-chip training</strong></p> <p>The new training protocol operates on optical circuits with tunable beam splitters that are adjusted by changing the settings of optical phase shifters. Laser beams encoding information to be processed are fired into the optical circuit and carried by optical waveguides through the beam splitters, which are adjusted like knobs to train the neural network algorithms.</p> <p>In the new training protocol, the laser is first fed through the optical circuit. Upon exiting the device, the difference from the expected outcome is calculated. This information is then used to generate a new light signal, which is sent back through the optical network in the opposite direction. By measuring the optical intensity around each beam splitter during this process, the researchers showed how to detect, in parallel, how the neural network performance will change with respect to each beam splitter's setting. The phase shifter settings can be changed based on this information, and the process may be repeated until the neural network produces the desired outcome.</p>https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmUsLz1PRyyiZ4vhB8Z15gNBipfoUZR6X6xCDu2rjCQ4zn/image.png <p>The researchers tested their training technique with optical simulations by teaching an algorithm to perform complicated functions, such as picking out complex features within a set of points. They found that the optical implementation performed similarly to a conventional computer.</p> <p>'Our work demonstrates that you can use the laws of physics to implement computer science algorithms,' said Fan. 'By training these networks in the optical domain, it shows that optical neural network systems could be built to carry out certain functionalities using optics alone.</p> <p>'The researchers plan to further optimize the system and want to use it to implement a practical application of a neural network task. The general approach they designed could be used with various neural network architectures and for other applications such as reconfigurable optics.&nbsp;</p> </html>",
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2018/08/08 06:41:18
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2018/08/08 06:41:18
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