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      "author": "globalhshvillage",
      "body": "As I already described [Global Hash Village is based on three pillars](https://steemit.com/ubi/@globalhshvillage/welcome-to-global-hash-village): [Liquid Democracy (LQDM)](https://steemit.com/liquiddemocracy/@globalhshvillage/liquid-democracy-in-the-global-hash-village), Universal Basic Income (UBI) and Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT). They were combined together to show how some of the world’s greatest problems could be tackled or solved. This note shows which global problems could be solved by UBI and how to provide its funding on the global level. To learn more about UBI please follow http://basicincome.org page and/or @scottsantens on steem.\n\nRecently there is much talk about Universal Basic Income as a solution for XXI century. UBI would mean giving everybody some “basic” amount of money regularly and without means testing. Idea is supported by both left and right political forces and activists. Ongoing discussions mostly agree on benefits and importance of UBI but are often facing the question of the funding. This note proposes how Global Hash Village could offer financing for worldwide UBI and how some of the global problems could be solved by it.\n\nThere are just few ways how any state could finance the UBI or any other publicly funded system. Most countries income is generated from taxes. If we understand necessity and benefits of UBI and educate those who are still unconvinced then we could slightly increase the taxes. The exact amount can be estimated, [debated and agreed upon](https://steemit.com/liquiddemocracy/@globalhshvillage/liquid-democracy-in-the-global-hash-village). There is a research that shows 3% of GDP is enough to fund UBI and end the poverty in USA - https://www.georgetown.edu/news/universal-basic-income-to-end-poverty-research. We could safely assume that increasing UBI level would reduce the necessity for other social programs giving back some of the funds previously assigned to them. Probably some small portions of social programs, for example for disabled, might still be necessary. But for the global problems we need to create global UBI. One of the self-imposed taxations schemes might be for example 3% of VAT going towards the global UBI account. This is not big tax for any individual but it should provide enough to get some people out of poverty. Weekly, specific amount of currency from the participating countries of the Global Hash Village system is transferred to the single UBI account and distributed to all verified adult users of the system. That could happen completely automatically via DLT’s smartcontract or built-in rule of the monetary system within Global Hash Village.\n\n![North_South_divide.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmUSMFrvHWHiFyPVpgxCzESicERFYHzcE6kJEpRQhCn1w1/North_South_divide.png)\n\nSuch definition of UBI provides that the global wealth is continually transferred to the poorer countries supporting their citizens.  On State and State Union levels there might be additional taxation to create budgets for their respective UBIs. All this separate levels equalize incomes supporting the citizens with lowest income in each group. More about taxation system in Global Hash Village will be discussed in another note.\n\nPlease note that the global budgets for wars take over 13% of the global GDP\nhttps://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/06/the-world-continues-to-spend-enormous-amounts-on-violence-and-little-on-building-peace/\nEnough for all people to get ~5USD per day! So there is no shortage of money. It is just distributed wrong way.\n\nAs the proposed system is targeting global population so the UBI presented here is also truly universal - worldwide -accessible for all verified personal accounts. The verification of receivers is a separate topic but should at least ensure that each willing person can have only one account in the system (preventing one person to hoard multiple accounts and collect more than one share of UBI). The [UN is working on global electronic ID system](https://id2020.org) and hopefully will deliver some solution soon.\n\nNow let’s look on the few global problems and how they can be potentially solved by UBI. They were taken from comprehensive list of greatest issues described by Laszlo Szombatfalvy here: https://api.globalchallenges.org/static/files/the-greatest-challenges-of-our-time.pdf\n\nGlobal overpopulation\n\nResearch shows that people in developed countries with healthcare and other safety systems tend to have less children than in those which are still developing. Proper (affordable) healthcare and guaranteed “pensions” (from UBI) would reduce necessity of having multiple children as a protection for the old age. The birth control methods should be globally available and accessible - could be additionally funded by world-level organization exactly the same way as we decide to fund the global UBI. Additional rules for UBI or any above-basic additional income transfers could provide stimuli for overpopulated families and countries. For example UBI transfers only to adults could additionally incentivise having less children. \n\nMigrations\n\nProper incentives by means of worldwide equal UBI could hold people in their poorer home countries and prevent bigger migrations. In case they skills would not allow them to get a job after migrating, the amount of global UBI share would be more interesting thus making for them more economic sense to stay in their homes than ask for welfare abroad (and possibly loose all the UBI - that would depend on the hosting country). \n\nPoverty\n\nTruly universal, globally distributed UBI should cover the basic needs of the poorest individuals. Return of e.g. 10USD tax per person per week might not be noticeable for US citizens but may be life changing for poor family in remote corners of the world. Worth noting is fact that the wealth is distributed directly to the people so the local governments (democratic or not), nor private parties (e.g. corporations) cannot take any share from it.\nMalnutrition and access to Health services and shelter\nThese kinds of problems might be solved partially by UBI by general reduction of poverty but more directly they should be identified and tackled by specific agencies - most probably using best practices of already existing ones. Just one example - if health related problem is lack of vaccination then provide the funds (gather from taxes globally) to produce and distribute sufficient number of vaccines, prepare educational materials, promote vaccination and possibly create incentives (lower UBI (or reduce anything over the Basic) for unvaccinated etc).",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"basicincome\",\"ubi\",\"dlt\",\"liquiddemocracy\",\"globalhashvillage\"],\"users\":[\"scottsantens\"],\"image\":[\"https://steemitimages.com/DQmUSMFrvHWHiFyPVpgxCzESicERFYHzcE6kJEpRQhCn1w1/North_South_divide.png\"],\"links\":[\"https://steemit.com/ubi/@globalhshvillage/welcome-to-global-hash-village\",\"https://steemit.com/liquiddemocracy/@globalhshvillage/liquid-democracy-in-the-global-hash-village\",\"http://basicincome.org\",\"https://www.georgetown.edu/news/universal-basic-income-to-end-poverty-research\",\"https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/06/the-world-continues-to-spend-enormous-amounts-on-violence-and-little-on-building-peace/\",\"https://id2020.org\",\"https://api.globalchallenges.org/static/files/the-greatest-challenges-of-our-time.pdf\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}",
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      "body": "I updated, corrected and published my concept regarding \"[general decrease of required weekly working hours](\nhttps://steemit.com/dlt/@globalhshvillage/global-hash-village-solution-for-almost-full-employment-convenient-work-time-and-less-overtime)\" I mentioned in above reply",
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      "body": "Nearly all countries are trying to reduce unemployment. Some have this topic in their constitution, in others politicians promise solutions to their constituents every few months. Simple and obvious rule is that if we could reduce the number of working hours while keeping the wage at similar level we could automatically free time and offer jobs for other employees. Simply speaking reducing work week from 40hours to 20hours would double the number of jobs - assuming the need for that work is actual and it really needs to be done. But this could make the country’s economy less competitive. Global Hash Village proposes solution to this problem by following concept.\n\nIn Global Hash Village each citizen has its own electronic ID. We propose DLT system (Distributed Ledger Technology like blockchain or hashgraph) to record hourly wage and working hours. Before starting the job employer and employee sign the contract and store the agreed hourly wage in the system. Employee is obliged to use this system to record each hour in the job. \n\nNow we need to discuss the values. Most people value their time differently but usually we treat our night time or weekends more valuable and we would rather, if possible, not work at that time... Therefore citizens could agree for example [by debate and voting in Liquid Democracy system](https://steemit.com/liquiddemocracy/@globalhshvillage/liquid-democracy-in-the-global-hash-village) about their shared values and assign common, agreed multiplier factors that would automatically increase some of the hourly wages for all employees. For example (in a simple solution) we could distinguish early morning/ late evening/ night and also Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays. We could decide how many hours per day, week, month and year we assume as “normal” work and which we treat as overtime and paid additionally. All the above definitions and related indicators are used together to calculate final hourly wage for each hour. \n\n<center>![Desk_work_(4095761292).jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmQDqcRmZefYqphkPrzNTNBBsFhiaX8wN5bTN2QE5YQdLm/Desk_work_(4095761292).jpg)</center>\n\nFor example we could agree that new “normal” would be to work 5 hours a day, 20 hours per week and 80 hours per month. Working before 8 or after 19 is considered as unpleasant and paid a little extra while night shifts from 22 till 6 are treated extra special. We would also consider that Saturdays should be free for most citizens and Sundays would be extra paid for necessary work. And finally we could treat Fridays somewhat special as a new extended weekend concept. Let's assume that John agreed to a wage of 20€/hour and that we treat all above mentioned situations equally difficult(same multiplier) +10% to the wage. John starts work at 8 on Monday. If he agrees with his employer to stay longer than 5 hours (after 13 in this case) each additional hour over that 5 each day would earn him additional 10% (22€). He works 6 hours per day from Monday to Friday. On Thursday he starts getting additional 10% (up to 24€)because of over 20 hours allowed (unpenalized) for week work time and on Friday even more (up to 26€) because we treat Friday as extended holiday. Next week he has evening shift (from 15 till 21) and starts on Wednesday therefore his hourly wage for each hour after 19 is increased by 10% plus over 5 hours another 10% (24€). On Friday he starts getting additional 10% because of Friday new longer weekend, and on Saturday he gets additional 10% and another 10% for Sunday - its all cumulative! Also on Saturday he starts working more than 20 hours for the week so he gets another 10% to his pay. All factors increase the maximum hourly wage for Sunday to 32€ for Friday+Saturday+Sunday+weekly overtime+daily overtime+evening shift. This way all slight abuses of our shared values regarding how much time we should spend in work, when we work and how much holiday we have is simply added as a penalty to the hourly wage - incentivizing employers to consider hiring more people and giving enough holidays. \nSide note: *we could either define Saturday shifts as +10% comparing to the early-weekend-Friday shifts +10% or as +20% to the base wage - what matters is that the more “abuse” of our regulations there is, the higher the penalty and it is highly cumulative and it should be easy to spot and calculate!*\n\n<center>![gradientExample.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmbkWT3GMehJyqwDQPKjb5G3yDHRKTdArbZUWuteT1sztD/gradientExample.png)</center>\n\nTo protect employees (especially for the gig economy), their wages could be put into some escrow system in advance. Just after signing the contract and/or in the beginning of each month. If there is no complaint from employer regarding the work that was done the escrow is automatically released to employee in the end of the month. This way there is no chance that, if the work is done, there will be no pay - no matter if we talk about full time employee or gig. Most modern DLT systems allow such escrow to be easily made by smart contracts. Of course the dispute in case of misunderstandings would require some 3rd party negotiator or judge or at least contract renegotiation and mutual agreement but the money is protected in escrow until the end of the dispute so the delays do not benefit the employer as it can happen now.\n\nThe base hourly wage could be negotiated together with contract to specify clearly if employee should expect evening and/or night shifts, over time hours, working weekends etc. But to give real power to employees there should be some, guaranteed by law, minimal wage or even better, as Global Hash Village suggests UBI (Universal Basic Income). This would balance the powers of employers and employees and give the latter the right to say “no” to unpleasant conditions. Individual contracts could also increase the above mentioned exemplary factors but on the state level there should be a minimum set.\n\nAs already mentioned such system would effectively increase the costs of manpower. Self governance requires responsibility. If we want to work less then this benefit would cost our society/economy and we have to expect price increase proportional to the change. Exactly the same as it is in the case of environmental protection regulations. In modern world of highly competitive global economy where capital is easily moving from country to country it might reduce competitiveness of a state that would like to decrease the number of working hours and/or increase the wages. Especially if citizens would naturally start buying cheaper products manufactured outside - killing the economy even further. In Global Hash Village the system requests renegotiation of the current World Trade Organization agreements and allows special excise taxes to protect values and economy. It would be probably quite easy to calculate what is the level of excise tax needed to balance state economy compared to others that still enforce their people to work “overtime” (up to the new definition what is normal and what is over). As in other cases such taxes could be easily avoided by corporations that provides certification that their manufacturing processes protect their workforce and do not allow (or penalize on similar level) overtime. The other countries (their citizens) would also see the benefit of implementing new rules to increase their happiness and level up to the countries which already implemented new rules - effectively removing the penalty of such new excise tax.",
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      "body": "Good point. I wasn't thinking too much about the decrease of taxes.\nHowever CIT is tax from the business income - if the prices of products or services remain the same then theoretically inflow from this tax should go up. Maybe it should be a little higher than today. So the more profitable businesses will provide more. And maybe we could lower the taxes on humans? :)\nAnd if the prices drop then people should have more money for other purchases (VAT or other transaction tax again)\n\nBasic income could provide safety net for people loosing jobs due to automation - allow them to study new areas or just have more time for new ideas while giving them power to purchase the cheaper and cheaper products. It should come together with general decrease of required weekly working hours... along with increased productivity - to make up for working hours lost due to automation. (I have note in progress on that)\n\nI'm afraid country that taxes robots and/or AI might be less competitive then others. That is still important on global markets. We would need global agreement on that... Possible but difficult.\nOf course there will be AI/robots taking more and more white collar jobs. Medics, bankers and artists (composers, painters) as the jobs that support living of larger population will be slowly disappearing. \nI'm just saying that instead taxing progress that is really hard to measure I would go into the direction of other taxes. I really feel that any move against the progress is counterproductive.\n\nIn my view the increase of VAT is universal and being equal on all products and services should not cause much struggle to businesses. Again I assume there will be basic income for their customers... The progress on one front will put pressure on others... If costs of transportation go down then we would push for lower food or clothing costs by comparison of their relative value - I believe we could balance things\n\nNo hurry, answer in free time. I have my idea about how to tax things in modern society and I'm working on that but it goes very very slow :)",
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      "body": "Sorry for the late reply!\nDefinitely you brought up another interesting topic. Well, one of the problems of automation resides on a decrease on taxes. Not every sector will be relying on the same way on robots, and also not only mundane and low skill level jobs will be replaced by them. This is why I brought up the taxation on robots, so that mainly the businesses strongly relying on them will be covering for the deficit in taxes.\nI guess one of the end goals is to be as idle as possible, or at least focus on what we really care about to enjoy our life to the fullest.\nIncreasing VAT will have to be there as well, but this can be a struggle for many businesses which won't implement as much technology.\nThanks for the comment! Definitely more food for thought :)",
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      "author": "globalhshvillage",
      "body": "Global cooperation on some of the issues like [international voting](https://steemit.com/liquiddemocracy/@globalhshvillage/liquid-democracy-in-the-global-hash-village), laws, standards, scientific discoveries and [debates](https://steemit.com/dlt/@globalhshvillage/anti-fake-news-system-in-global-hash-village) ask for the single language as a base for the system. Global Hash Village considers [Globish](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globish) as the best candidate. Globish is an international simplified version of English. In future such common new language could be standardized by international committee. Wouldn’t be great to know for sure that your newly written document is conformant to the Globish standard for common discussions of adults around the world? Or that you wrote it using the language that even child would understand? Or that you used specialized language of your field e.g. Biology on the level of biology student? If we, one day, could have one language that is used by everyone we could have one system of laws, one set of books and manuals and be able to cooperate worldwide with everyone.\n\nAs shown on lower part of this infographic:\n![languageshqscmp.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmQFyaWDMv7vj1wCfXcLJhSdiaCkxy3aj4Nsb6BwL3QS16/languageshqscmp.png)\n source: http://www.scmp.com/infographics/article/1810040/infographic-world-languages \nEnglish is learned by 1,5bln of people worldwide. Globish as international standardized simplification of English would be naturally easily accepted. Some language specifics especially with numbers or idioms should be discussed and agreed upon to remove confusion - watch [British Numbers confuse Americans - Numberphile](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YBbBbY4qvv4) and [How big is a billion? - Numberphile](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-52AI_ojyQ). For some more reading regarding numbers [look here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_and_short_scales)\n\nUse of Globish doesn’t prohibit translations to all other languages. Just that from set moment there will be one international standard of communication for contracts, laws etc. And other languages will become like Latin is today - beautiful cultural heritage of humankind.\n\nAs we cooperate worldwide there is an issue of time zones and in some countries the daylight saving times. Global Hash Village proposes use of one worldwide time (Zulu) and cancellation of daylight time switches. The idea of savings generated by daylight time switch is debated for a long time and most scientist agree that the savings are minuscule (~1%) while the costs of switching (for economy and peoples health) are high as shown here: [Daylight Saving Time Explained](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84aWtseb2-4) For global cooperation especially difficult is setting of meeting/call time as described in the video above (around 4:05 in the movie with example of London, Sydney and New York).\n\nAlso convenient would be to use single time, known as [Zulu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time) time (also known as GMT and UTC) You may also watch [What is Zulu Time?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-RHgVnBWVFw). Zulu time is used by meteorologists, aviation and military. That would simplify all communication and coordination worldwide.\n\nThe coordination of calendars also requires some standard. There is one to be recommend YYYYMMDD for the 4-digit year, 2-digit month number and the 2-digit day respectively. With any sign “/” or “.” or without any in-between the numbers - doesn’t really matter. Currently used formats like MM/DD and DD.MM create much confusion. YYYYMMDDZhhmmss can be also used to indicate exact day and time in the above proposed Zulu time.\n\nAnd finally for good cooperation in science we already have SI standard with metric units but some countries still use some variants or even imperial units. They should be slowly get rid of from popular use. We commonly and mistakenly use calories when we really talk about kilo calories while really the SI units are Joules and therefore we make simple mistakes. And we use by mistake pounds instead of newtons and the stellar probes crash. see [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Climate_Orbiter#Cause_of_failure)\n\nIf you have seen the note about [Anti-fake-news system for Global Hash Village](https://steemit.com/dlt/@globalhshvillage/anti-fake-news-system-in-global-hash-village) - conformance to Globish, common Zulu time and measurment units would be a contributing factor to achieving high marks for science literacy in future.",
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      "author": "globalhshvillage",
      "body": "Hi, yes I am familiar with [Cicada](http://iamcicada.com). I think they recently intensified work about the ID backbone. There are also other positive news - I read that UN wants to provide electronic ID to every person by 2030 - that would really provide great base for many systems: political (like [Liquid Democracy](https://www.democracy.earth) or cicada direct democracy concept), business (trading, exchanges), UBI and many many others. I am also following concepts of Hyperledger Indy implemented in https://sovrin.org\n\nHopefully soon we will have the working authentication system.",
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      "body": "@@ -85,8 +85,64 @@\n s. He ev\n+en wrote an extra whitepaper on the authentication part.\n",
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      "body": "Yes, always the same challenge. As described in the Cicada project by Daniel Jeffries. He ev",
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      "author": "globalhshvillage",
      "body": "Hi. I support the idea of UBI so I agree with you here.\n\nHowever taxing robots is really difficult. You have your doubts too, I see. They already took many jobs and will take many more. Excel robot with one person is able to do jobs previously done by number of accountants. There are 3D printers that are reducing the need for many manufacturing jobs. Autonomous vehicles will replace many truck and taxi drivers. Their impact is the effect of the progress we have. They make things cheaper for us - so that's good. What is the reason for taxing robots? Tax just to collect more money? Maybe there are other, better ideas to get money from the taxes (increase VAT for example)? Or one wants to protect the workplaces? Is there really need to protect low skill level and/or mundane jobs?\n\nI wonder what is your view on this.",
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      "body": "@@ -76,19 +76,24 @@\n hat \n-you\n+is\n  propose\n+d here\n  - t\n",
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      "body": "Hi, I agree that UBI is great. But there is small technical difficulty in what you propose - there are some people that have multiple accounts. You would need to ensure that only one account per person is getting the UBI. Otherwise people would generate multiple accounts and hoard money on each of them.\nCheers",
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