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      "title": "Drinking doesn't solve problems?",
      "body": "They say that alcohol doesn't solve any problems. As a septic sceptic, I beg to differ. We've already seen how prosperous our society would be if we stopped this Occupy Wall Street nonsense, stopped polluting our minds with Zeitgeist films and just started using beer as our currency. But the problem solving solution that is alcohol is even more powerful than that.\n\n\n![image.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmafDZh3Ne5VPcCTF5y4yRCgXU5X38jK1Uf5fHxfGwWoHw/image.png)\n\n*Guinness. Because drinking Guinness is good for you.*\n\n## The need for Student's t-distribution\nSuggest that you work for Guinness brewery. You are in charge of monitoring the quality of the barley. Let's suggest that they're precious with their barley and do not wish for you to fill their quincunx with barley every time you are meant to evaluate the amount of blarney in the barley.\n\n\n![image.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmNtqVpFdyWk2a8TLg6svfZvCdxmkdMH7H8yKBu71PG5dm/image.png)\n\n*A quincunx, or bean machine. Because flicking beans is good for you.*\n\nIt appears that they're more choosy about applying one of Francis Galton's inventions to barley than they are about applying one of his others (eugenics) to the barley. They're even more choosy to allow you to sample Guinness, so you're stuck at your wits' end. What to do? Well, if your name is William Sealy Gosset, you just let your wits end a little further.\n\n## What is Student's t-distribution?\nI have no idea, but that has not stopped me before. We know that Mr Gosset has to separate the good barley from the blarney barley. We also know that Mr Gosset cannot sample too much barley, let alone sample too much Guinness. We need to determine the average quality of the barley. That is, given that the barley has been sampled quite a bit so even though we do not know the standard deviation of the barley, we assume a normal distribution. And from a few samples, we estimate the average quality of the barley, or the mean.\n\n\n![image.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZkqGqsgETS6w2fLBujVXAi6YpjFRZb5GbsPJ8KhQbU4a/image.png)\n\n*William Sealy Gosset, who used Student as a pseudonym. He got tired of flicking barley.*\n\nStudent's t-distribution estimates the mean when you do not know the standard deviation but you're fairly certain that you have a normal distribution. The more samples you take, the closer you get to the real quality of the barley. At least, that was Mr Gosset's excuse to sample more Guinness.\n\nStudent's t-distribution can also be used to determine other parameters of the population of barley, but the long and short of it is that you do not have plenty of samples to work from and you'd like to jump to conclusions so you can spend more time drinking Guinness.\n\n## How does Student's t-distribution work?\nA normal distribution is what you'd get if you flicked your beans into the quincunx all day. The standard deviation is how far your beans get flicked from the centre. We assume the same bell shape for our distribution, but we do not flick any beans. No, we get Mr Gosset to rub a few beans between his fingers and Robert is your mother's brother. \n\nNow we have flicked enough beans to know we'd have a normal distribution and we'd like to know from sampling a few beans how high the middle bar of the bean machine gets stacked. Thanks to Student's t-distribution, we can work it out. And they say that alcohol doesn't solve problems!",
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      "body": "That's a question I got asked on Telegram, and I answered it there but it involved too much of this:\n\n![image.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmXwRdWuBocZxvDB9ZtiMX7ddPCHUasjNWgMSKAmr7Tqxh/image.png)\n\nI thought I would slap it all together in a blog post before I [eat a MAGA hat](https://steemit.com/trump2020/@gargunzola/my-2020-us-election-predictions) live on SABC TV.\n\n## The current state of the US Presidential Elections\nContrary to the legacy media narrative, the US election is not over. I was under the impression that when the electoral college votes are certified, then the election is effectively over, as this involves an official president-elect and not just one invented by the Fourth Estate. Done and dusted. \n\nWhile this is normally and ideally the case, there is a scenario playing out now, whereby two different sets of electoral college votes are sent off by some states. Contrary to the legacy media narrative (I'm going to need to say this a lot, so just assume that pretty much anything in here and well, anything factual and evidence- based is contrary to the media narrative),  this is not unchartered territory. \n\nThis has happened several times in the past, but there are usually not enough of these so-called procedural electoral college votes to matter. Named procedural electoral college votes, so they may be counted in the event of a procedural eventuality coming up in the process, this is a way for the legislature to protest an election they deem questionable. Regardless, the US constitution is quite clear that legislature is responsible for electing the presidential electors who cast the electoral college votes, and not for example the executive. \n\n## What happens if everyone is confuckulated by all the magical electoral college votes?\nThe Senate president presides over the procedures of finalising the electoral college votes. If there are written objections to the votes, or if no clear majority emerges, the [Electoral Count Act](https://archive.vn/z5wWi) comes into play. And this is where things get juicy. Here's a TL;DR juice box:\n- States have to sort out their presidential electors among themselves, internally, along the strict guidelines and procedures of the allegedly confusing and convoluted Electoral Count Act. As a novice, I don't find it particularly tricky to follow the instructions, but the legal experts might fear that it's too much on the side of an electoral college system and too little on the side of a [democracy ](https://archive.is/Kiwh8)\n- If they cannot sort things out, a contingent election is held. This means each state gets one vote and that's how the president gets elected\nThere are other technicalities too, but one of them involves the Speaker of the House becoming president and currently, that implies Nancy Pelosi might become leader of the free world. That thought makes me clutch at my pearls too much and I don't even want to think about that. Perish that thought, right here, in the cradle.\n\n## But what about unchartered territory?\nNaturally, the above constitutional process is not remotely as controversial as legacy media would have us believe and it's a realistic enough scenario that Big Tech firms have refused to give the authoritarian censorious gaslighting exercise a rest. But there is more!\n\nI got this information from [Academic Agent's excellent Rumble video](https://rumble.com/vbu7tw-us-election-2020-narratives-plans-and-sources-of-information.html). After a mere 20 seconds or so on Rumble I already broke something:\n\n![image.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZCq8XmAyiynPCEivtA8kCSNRk1Kb1iRGq8ApFy7neg3m/image.png)\n\nAnd no, that's not a Batman video. But this is again the TL;DR version:\n\n![image.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmcxxJnVQHCQuYr65bnK9sFWfwah2gF7w3FiKbAW5TqD1Y/image.png)\n\nThe first three narratives are sufficiently covered for everyone who has enough savvy to stop consuming the turgid manufactured 'news' from Big Tech and legacy media, and look a little beyond to the likes of [Dr Steve Turley](https://www.stateoftoday.com/dr-steve-turley/) instead. And yes, this is a Satanist endorsing a conservative Christian. Where is your god now?! Let's cover the last narrative, which is not that widely known.\n\n## Trust the plan: The next 4D Chess Trump Card\nThis unchartered territory is in part due to arms-dealer Hillary Clinton's attempt to pin the Russians hacking her illegal private email server on Trump with muh Russian Collusion claims. Under the impression that Trump had colluded with the Russians to rig the election - because who would not vote for Hillary after Benghazi amirite? - there was a lot of pressure to prevent this sort of foreign meddling from occurring again in future. \n\nTeam Donkey had long since fallen into the habit of calling Trump a basket of deplorables, including a fascist. This is an incredibly insulting thing to say to a Republican as it puts him in the same category as the [Hitler-loving Democrat Franklin D Roosevelt](https://dailycaller.com/2016/12/13/fdr-praised-mussolini-and-loved-fascism/), and Orosman was all too happy to oblige to demonstrate how he's definitely not a fascist. \n\n## Executive Order 13848\nEnter [EO 13848](https://dailycaller.com/2016/12/13/fdr-praised-mussolini-and-loved-fascism/). For a blog post with lots of TL;DR, it's getting a bit too L to R, but here's another TL;DR version:\n- Within 45 days after the election, the Director of National Intelligence has to submit a report stating that there was no foreign meddling in the presidential election\n- Some other officials including the Attorney General and the Secretary of Homeland Security need to submit a similar report, also stating that there was no foreign meddling in the presidential election\n- If any foreign meddling is reported, they assess the extent of the meddling, including listing material support and equipment that was used to conduct the meddling. Whatever you are thinking, don't even try to think about Dominion voting systems! \n- If foreign meddling is reported, the president has widespread measures to take, including seizing listed assets. In layman's terms, the whole shithouse goes up in shit flames under basically martial law until the Cape is Dutch again\n- Foreign meddling is defined in the order, and ranges from propaganda, to preventing information from being made public, to providing material support, to foreign funding of election campaigns\nForeign funding of election campaigns?! So here's the mindfuck\n\n## Are you ready for the tinfoil hat version?\n- The child sniffer Joe Biden used and abused both Antifa and BLM to procure donations to Act Blue. Antifa, the meh, just an idea. An idea that is responsible for some of the worst human rights atrocities in the history of humanity, but meh, just an idea. Black Lives Matter, the meh, just a sentiment. Just an endearing sentiment that black lives also matter it's not like it's a [Marxist insurgency](https://archive.vn/bUR6P) or anything.\n- Don't worry - Act Blue is just associated with the Democratic Party. It's not like Joe Biden funds his campaign out of the funds that went to Act Blue for Antifa and BLM or anything, that's just a [debunked conspiracy theory](https://archive.vn/ljKsC)\n- By the way, [China funded BLM and linked organisations](https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/09/16/pro-communist-china-group-funding-black-lives-matter-linked-organization/), which had vocal support from Cameltoe (I believe that's how it is pronounced?) Harris.\n\nConnect those dots and thanks to the calls to prevent foreign meddling in elections coming from arms dealer Hillary Clinton, plus Trump's creative license in interpreting those calls resulting in EO 13848, and a bit of tinfoilery, and Team Donkey might end up hoisted by its own petard.",
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      "body": "In the [Tao Te Ching](http://thetaoteching.com/), the wise old sage [Lao Tzu](https://www.famousphilosophers.org/lao-tzu/) notes that:\n> He who knows does not speak; he who speaks does not know\n\n\n![image.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmekQEkjFpNJDEog5iu6rD7RK2PGJC7zqA3c9s2U4MKmbX/image.png)\n\nThis is a blog, so it's all about showing the rest of the world what you do not know I guess? Regardless, I regularly receive normie-conformie Kool-Aid in various newsletters. One of them recently noted that judging by the [latest election polls](https://archive.vn/nmrVW), we are in for a Blue Sweep!\n\n> Despite odds narrowing recently, possible election outcomes now include a Blue Sweep where the Democrats control the White House, Senate and House seats\n\nIf the [2016 US elections](https://steemit.com/grammys/@gargunzola/fist-bump-the-trump-superbug) should have taught us anything, it is that people do not trust the legacy media/fourth estate enough to reveal their true political affiliations in the polls. And who could blame them? With cancel culture and people no longer merely losing their jobs, but also literally getting dragged out into the street and shot for daring to have wrongthink and being ++bad.\n\nFortunately, [Celebrities Know What is Best](https://news.yahoo.com/lady-gaga-brought-back-her-175600603.html) and they mostly shove the ++good opinions down our throats. The only scenario whereby a Blue Sweep occurs is with widespread election fraud. I will eat someone's MAGA hat on live SABC TV if there isn't a Red Sweep. Mostly because not enough people watch SABC TV to make it truly embarrassing, but it's the thought that counts.\n\n## What is my prediction?\nI discussed this with a panic-stricken friend, whereby she asked me if I thought that Orosman would take it. I responded that yes, it is going to be the biggest election defeat in recent times. I think Orosman is going to take it, but that had me thinking about the biggest US election defeats of all time, so I had to do some research. That's research of the anti-vax/pro-plague mother quality, but nevertheless. \n\nI managed to find the two largest election defeats in US history. Or largest election victories, depending on whether you support team donkey or team elephant.\n1. The other US president described as a fascist at the time, Roosevelt, over Hoover.  With 472 to 59 electoral college votes\n1. [Reagan vs Mondale in 1984,](https://archive.vn/1nPRc), with 525 to 13 electoral college votes\n\nI don't think Trump's victory will be that large, but it might be more sweet. The taste of Oros, Fritos, and self-tan. Yummy...\n\n\n![image.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmWdDcmag644P8zse32K58DzGDvGnMwL56QtmhuJsPznrQ/image.png)\n\n\nI think  the dude who said grab women by their socially constructed parts will get around 300 electoral college votes, against the dude who allegedly did grab women like [Tara Reade](https://tarareadeauthor.com/) by her socially constructed parts without compensation or consent at around 240.\n\nI will go out on a limb and say Orosman will get both the electoral college majority and the popular vote. I'm not sure how reliable my prediction is, I only used Tarot cards as it's not a really serious matter that would require something more rigorous like [dolos bones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolos#Origin_of_name).",
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      "body": "@@ -412,16 +412,17 @@\n e then, \n+%5B\n students\n@@ -435,16 +435,87 @@\n Berkeley\n+%5D(https://bpr.berkeley.edu/2018/11/01/the-commodification-of-activism/)\n  seem to\n",
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      "author": "gargunzola",
      "permlink": "the-commodification-of-activism",
      "title": "The Commodification of Activism",
      "body": "The [commodification of activism](https://bpr.berkeley.edu/2018/11/01/the-commodification-of-activism/) is a term I've [coined in 2014](https://necrofiles.blogspot.com/2014/08/the-commodification-of-activism.html) to describe the [popular culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_culture) phenomenon whereby everyone who creates awareness for their personal bugbears considers themselves an activist. Since then, students from Berkeley seem to have caught on. Not quite wide awake but starting to get woke in the one lazy eye. \n\n\n![image.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmfBR11ezmgXdWHze4jqeiLtih16V3eGitKkBkat5jtbcn/image.png)\n\n\n## Commodification as she is commodified\n[Commodification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodification) is a term I've borrowed from Karl Marx.  I'd be sure to pay him his royalties for all his hard work, but fortunately he frowns upon these notions of property and ownership.  We're all standing on the shoulders of giants, or even on the shoulders of midgets since everyone is equal in Marx's Utopia.  Much obliged, Comrade.  I took according to your borrowed ability to satisfy my needs.\n\n\n![image.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmQa1zjgzGJcKmrMbo3AHTwc2x6mRYWPmivQw3p9jGPhK2/image.png)\n\n\nThe way I understand Marx is that he fell victim to [Hume's guillotine](https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Is%E2%80%93ought_problem) by implying that things like love and labour really should not become commodities.  They're too valuable to put a price on them.  The phenomenon whereby these invaluable things become saleable commodities is what caused Marx to turn up his nose.  Those heartless capitalists know the price of everything and the value of nothing.\n\nFor our purpose, **commodification refers to social status credits being accumulated by cheerleading for the socially acceptable causes**.  Conversely, not cheerleading for the socially accepted causes or even rallying against them may result in the accumulation of social status debits. \n\nThe commodification of activism is therefore not commodification in Marx's sense, whereby invaluable properties become saleable goods and services.  It's more of **a conceited metaphor for activism itself becoming a commodity in the social status sense**.  What have you done for the cause, Comrade? Oh, liked and shared? Very well.\n\n\n![image.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmNVXqQsQK2R24qhKg5GfCVU397DQKnSkErLVPaLMZV2V8/image.png)\n\n## Simple social commodity production in theory and practice\nLet's start with the practice first, then see if we can formulate a hypothesis from that:\n\nThe most obvious example of the commodification of activism is **liking and sharing pictures** of neglected animals on social media.  Pass that buck to everyone who becomes a potential scapegoat if they dare question the holy cow cause or object to your noble intentions of aiding it with sensationalist sensitive material spam.  We're all primates here.  [I groom you and you groom me](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcel_Mauss#Theoretical_views).  I groom you by placating you with the values we all should share, and you groom me back or I question what kind of monkey's uncle you truly are.  Not grooming back doesn't make the circle bigger and results in a vicious cycle!\n\n\n![image.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmezo4RVoknNMrRQetL9uJvTJMpPnLWMUzWEEjUtzVT3Vd/image.png)\n\nAnother example is the **mass hysteria** surrounding animal testing and hunting.  On one hand, this would satisfy Marx since is-ought problems abound when we ought not conduct testing on animals even if we're not turning a profit or if we are helping to progress towards a cure for regressive diseases.\n\nIf these facts conflict with the neatly packaged, bite size version of reality where testing on animals is just [++ungood](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/double-plus-ungood), we simply play Procrustes until it fits.  No direct cures are obtained via animal testing, you see.  Despite the purpose of animal testing being pre-clinical trials to ensure safe testing on humans, or determining the causes of diseases in addition to finding cures, when only 8 out of 100 treatments even make it beyond animal testing, what's the point?  When 92 of those 100 treatments are potentially harmful and they don't get tested on humans, what's the point? \nHow about veterinary treatments? Shall we test them on animals?\n\n\n![image.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmWvSvexDhozQK73KR2Fjom8bodU7nZwM5oEVfhvihYWwa/image.png)\n\n\nA few more esoteric examples:  The barbarians at the gate rallying against a [fractional reserve banking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_reserve_banking) system, whatever that may be in their minds; those tiresome ribbons that we're not quite sure which one is for which noble cause any more but it's very important to support it because we all make a difference; the movement to [label GMO food](http://www.iflscience.com/environment/myths-and-controversies-gmos-0) because we can't really tell the difference between organically grown, free range products and their inorganic, God-playing scientist spawn but we're convinced that it's bad for you; [stop bombing the children in Gaza](https://vimeo.com/50531435) you heartless Jews; the ice bucket challenge for those who can't feel the shivers down their spines; and [socially responsible investing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socially_responsible_investing) because if we're going to be egalitarian we may as well get rich from it.\n## In theory:  Take up thy soapbox and megaphone.\nWhat are some of the characteristics of these examples of slacktivism?\n1. **Misinformation**.  Those who partake in these sacraments just point and click.  It appears that not much effort is expended on informing oneself on the topic at hand in order to present a balanced view, nor is there much thought given to the quality of the sources.\n1. **Hypocrisy**.  [L'Oreal fired a teenage model](http://www.businessinsider.com/loreal-fires-model-axelle-despiegelaere-after-hunting-photo-2014-7) because  of their official stance on animal testing in an effort to create a charade of wholesome family friendly goodness, yet they're quite happy to comply with mandatory animal testing for their [Chinese market](http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-08-21/rabbits-pay-the-price-as-l-oreal-to-p-g-expand-in-china.html).  Slacktivists view it as a victory that cosmetics [animal testing is outlawed in the EU](http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-21740745), but they don't consider the consequences and implications beyond a mere Pyrrhic victory.\n1. **Petulance**.  Thou shalt not second guess someone with good intentions, less so when it's for a good cause.\nIgnorance.  Do I need to remind anyone of the [dihydrogen monoxide scandal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydrogen_monoxide_hoax)?\n1. **Bigotry**. This is mostly experienced by hunters and the [basket of deplorables](https://steemit.com/grammys/@gargunzola/fist-bump-the-trump-superbug) from what I can make out. Thi s is where ignorance and arrogance meet.\n\nI could go on but that is sufficient to comply with the Law of Fives.",
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      "body": "@@ -559,34 +559,26 @@\n rm has gone \n-doubleplus\n+++\n good just li\n@@ -598,18 +598,10 @@\n one \n-doubleplus\n+++\n good\n",
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      "body": "@@ -5446,16 +5446,15 @@\n is a\n- fuck-up\n+n issue\n  on \n@@ -5605,16 +5605,17 @@\n ea) meat\n+ \n bag has \n@@ -5653,20 +5653,20 @@\n in gone \n-fuck\n+mess\n ed up be\n@@ -5948,20 +5948,22 @@\n x their \n-shit\n+broken\n  platfor\n@@ -8457,23 +8457,24 @@\n ave the \n-fucking\n+absolute\n  gall to\n@@ -8570,23 +8570,24 @@\n bsolute \n-fucking\n+petulant\n  least i\n",
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      "title": "Getting rid of the term master - a solution looking for a problem",
      "body": "@@ -1536,18 +1536,17 @@\n owners a\n-re\n+s\n  masters\n@@ -6720,16 +6720,17 @@\n a, Sudan\n+,\n  and a f\n",
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      "permlink": "getting-rid-of-the-term-master-a-solution-looking-for-a-problem",
      "title": "Getting rid of the term master - a solution looking for a problem",
      "body": "@@ -2867,51 +2867,275 @@\n I'm \n-really tired of having to condescend myself\n+getting so tired of being condescended to that I'm starting to patronise myself... or should that be non-gender specific guardianise myself? %5BWax her balls, bigot%5D(https://summit.news/2019/12/03/wax-my-balls-trans-activist-complains-that-gynecologists-wont-see-her/)!\n ). I\n@@ -3254,15 +3254,67 @@\n sk? \n-Sure. P\n+That's hardly a requirement in Wokanda, but nevertheless, p\n ick \n",
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      "title": "Getting rid of the term master - a solution looking for a problem",
      "body": "@@ -7858,16 +7858,51 @@\n  like.%0A%0A\n+## Final zinger for the Hollow Men%0A\n Oh but i\n",
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      "title": "Getting rid of the term master - a solution looking for a problem",
      "body": "@@ -5873,18 +5873,19 @@\n plain si\n+gh\n t\n-e\n  for eve\n",
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      "permlink": "getting-rid-of-the-term-master-a-solution-looking-for-a-problem",
      "title": "Getting rid of the term master - a solution looking for a problem",
      "body": "@@ -7861,54 +7861,504 @@\n e.%0A%0A\n-Rant off, back to teh lulz. Have a good one, l\n+Oh but it gets better. And by better, I mean mind-numbing universe-ending whimpering atrocious:%0A%0A!%5Bimage.png%5D(https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmdhVgsGuXcny4iDTkiUmCAxz8izzCpH5Hd29Eb9YTdjbf/image.png)%0A%0AI don't mean to invoke the Nazarene but Jesus titty-fucking Christ, git. You have the fucking gall to preach to us all high and mighty about 'the least we could do' and apparently even the absolute fucking least is still too much for you ass-clowns.%0A%0ARant off, problem solved, back to teh lulz. L\n ove \n",
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      "title": "Getting rid of the term master - a solution looking for a problem",
      "body": "@@ -53,15 +53,8 @@\n d a \n-sudden \n flur\n@@ -184,18 +184,20 @@\n over to \n-my\n+this\n  persona\n@@ -300,15 +300,13 @@\n t - \n-much as\n+since\n  the\n@@ -404,16 +404,34 @@\n abulary)\n+ on their platform\n . %0A%0A!%5Bim\n@@ -2126,18 +2126,16 @@\n medied, \n-%0A \n+\n but they\n@@ -3303,16 +3303,72 @@\n dernism%5D\n-\n+(https://www.stephenhicks.org/explaining-postmodernism/)\n  by Step\n@@ -4748,16 +4748,17 @@\n n no lon\n+g\n er make \n@@ -5164,60 +5164,31 @@\n  the\n-y fucked something up, and the error is on the serve\n+re is a fuck-up on thei\n r si\n@@ -5392,35 +5392,61 @@\n  up \n-and try to fix this fuck up\n+before anything even stands a chance of getting fixed\n .%0A%0AN\n@@ -5686,16 +5686,25 @@\n platform\n+ instead,\n  and I s\n@@ -5795,16 +5795,117 @@\n eted it.\n+ Meanwhile, that dirty laundry or what's left of it is hanging dry in plain site for everyone to see.\n  There's\n@@ -5931,16 +5931,18 @@\n  polish \n+ t\n here, so\n@@ -5989,18 +5989,18 @@\n oketard \n-fu\n+co\n cktonsil\n@@ -6792,19 +6792,19 @@\n prehend \n-our\n+the\n  Constit\n@@ -6818,21 +6818,106 @@\n Ask \n+%5B\n Collins \n-Xhose\n+Khosa%5D(https://dailyfriend.co.za/2020/06/15/some-black-lives-are-more-equal-than-others/)\n , an\n@@ -6995,17 +6995,19 @@\n ile they\n-'\n+ we\n re steal\n@@ -7014,18 +7014,101 @@\n ing \n-new Nike's\n+Nikes, or removing status of actual anti-fascists like Thomas Jefferson and Winston Churchill\n . An\n@@ -7192,26 +7192,19 @@\n hem \n-down\n+by\n  the d\n-ark path\n+ick\n  tow\n",
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      "permlink": "getting-rid-of-the-term-master-a-solution-looking-for-a-problem",
      "title": "Getting rid of the term master - a solution looking for a problem",
      "body": "My massive audience of like 5 people may have noticed a sudden flurry of activity on my blog the past couple of days. The reason for this is that I moved my more professional developer blog over to my personal blog, as a back-up. I was using a platform, which is an unplatform for the purpose of this post - much as they are trying to turn dissidents into [unpersons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspeak#Vocabulary). \n\n![image.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmSfYGjNiaGBX6kjenLCBrWnQnFR98Y1Xjp5kuKVdK6Ah1/image.png)\n\nNow that this unplatform has gone doubleplusgood just like [git has gone doubleplusgood](http://archive.vn/BT41G) , I have decided to stop being an internet peasant and start being an internet landlord. To this end, I shall get my own hosting for my developer blog and my own privately hosted git repository for my code.  But first, let's rant!\n\n## Why did the term master need to change in git repos?\nIt didn't. Anyone with a rudimentary grasp of the English language and a dictionary would have figured out that master in the context of code repositories refers to a master copy, or an original from which other copies are made. There is nothing remotely politically incorrect about this, and nobody as in absolutely  nobody wandered away from their indentured servitude on a cotton plantation into a software sweatshop and got triggered by being reminded of their slave owners. \n\nOops, I mean masters - because you see, slaves actually never had masters, they had owners. They did refer to their owners are masters, but they also referred to their [stationmasters](https://archive.vn/EfYGF#) as well, masters. These were people who helped them stow away from their owners. I guess we would have to whitewash that historical term too.\n\n![image.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmTregYo4gPTEhG1jyWUzqZb4gppczjXm1mtcRgbH68yh2/image.png)\n\n## Nobody cares!!!\nBut why do I bother? None of this matters. The people who are pushing this agenda either do not have the intellectual capacity to remedy their ignorance, or worse, they do have the intellectual capacity to have their ignorance remedied, \n but they only care about bending other people's knees. I mean what about the term git? It was chosen specifically to refer to a grumpy old man. Pretty ageist and sexist if you ask me, but I guess in the [oppression olympics](https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/oppression-olympics), that's free game as long as it is a grumpy old white man because they are further up the power structure pyramid. \n\nBut I digress - yes, this entire charade is a digression into an unrelated field. Wait, I can't use the term field in case someone with slave heritage gets triggered by PTSD from the cotton plantations. I mean this is a detour into an unrelated discipline (you'll forgive me the potential slave-master connotations to the term discipline, I'm really tired of having to condescend myself). It's hardly a discipline littered with rigour of any kind or with academic standards of any kind. Evidence, you ask? Sure. Pick one:\n1. [The Sokal Affair](https://archive.vn/2JIVX)\n1. [The Grievance Studies Affair](https://archive.vn/FbIxZ)\n1. Just try to read [Deleuze](https://www.iep.utm.edu/deleuze/). Not really. Don't waste your time. It's garbage. Rather read [Explaining Post-Modernism] by Stephen Hicks, so you know all the other cretins like Deleuze who took a massive dump in the skulls of the Stepford Students\n\n## What's the craic?\nNaturally, I decided not to sit still while the cretins defecated in people's skulls with this master-trigger bullshit. I was polite, in my estimation at least. I did not resort to swearing or crass language like I do here on my own private blog. I merely pointed out some rather obvious absurdities, either directly or more subtly, and since these are mostly STEM people aside from the astroturfing slacktavists who had specifically created profiles on the unplatform just to push their agenda, most of the peanut gallery agreed with me. \n\nAn example of a more subtle approach, which was censored by the resident Gestapo/NKVD:\n\n![image.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmY5phVu91Zc7dxXduaD285fiVxQcTYH62mzzdKnjxJ9yJ/image.png)\n\n This was reported by the peanut gallery. A gallery which included among other things people who literally discarded other commentator's comments based on their race and heritage. Those comments are still there, last time I checked - but I can't really, I can't even use the platform any more. I'm an unperson now, you see. A dangerous intellectual who dares to suggest that 2 + 2 = 4.\n\n## Well then, let's add more spanners to the works if that's the game we're playing \nUpon discovering that I can no loner make comments, edit my own posts, edit my own blog posts, or even delete my profile, I logged a bug on their platform. How did I discover this? Well, I tried to delete my blog posts after making my backups here. This did not fly. So I tried to merely edit them. This was the result:\n\n![image.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPZMxHsNDmbuFaMu5tDeaQz2Ksm8qTA6SGdG7WQUgv6L2/image.png)\n\nA 500 error means they fucked something up, and the error is on the server side. Of course, it is more likely that I am an unperson now and some flesh and bone (mostly very thick bone, especially in the cranial area) meatbag has to see what the electricity brain gone fucked up and try to fix this fuck up.\n\nNaturally, the Gestapo/NKVD jumped at the opportunity to offer to delete my profile on my behalf. I'm begging to be dragged up against the wall, you see. So they can make an example out of me? I decided that they shall fix their shit platform and I shall delete my own content, tyvm. I want to ensure that it's deleted, and that I deleted it. There's plenty of  turd to polish here, so go ahead: get it all over yourselves, woketard fucktonsils.\n\n## What's a cracker to do?\nWell, I don't want to work on Maggie's farm any more either. Least of all when I am not even allowed to point out to the self-anointed masters that their saviour complex presents a far more pressing problem than the assumed problem that they are trying to solve, and that their little onanistic action over here is not exactly putting a smile on the faces of actual slaves still walking around in Mauritania, Sudan and a few other places. So here's my plan:\n1. I shall get my own hosting. There are a few solid local options, but I am weary of our own NKVD-like government so I might fork out a bit of extra dosh and get hosting in a more civilised jurisdiction. Our constitution is pretty good, but our government can hardly read, let alone read and comprehend our Constitution. Ask Collins Xhose, an actual black life that mattered but not enough for anyone to notice while they're stealing new Nike's. And even less so when they have woketard 'constitutional law experts' leading them down the dark path towards activism.\n1. I shall [host my own git server](https://www.linux.com/training-tutorials/how-run-your-own-git-server/).\n1. I shall host my own web-based DevOps lifecycle tool. Github is the de-facto standard, but they are also probably going woke any time soon. I'm done being a peasant. [Gogs](https://gogs.io/) looks pretty good, it has everything I need. It can be [set up very github-like](https://eladnava.com/host-your-own-private-github-with-gogs-io/) too.\n1. I shall host my own blog. [Hugo](https://gohugo.io/) has all the web site features I need, and even has a [Terminal theme](https://themes.gohugo.io/hugo-theme-terminal/) that I like.\n\nRant off, back to teh lulz. Have a good one, love and rockets!",
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      "title": "AI4D Predict the Global Spread of COVID-19 challenge",
      "body": "The epic world tour of [COVID-19](https://medium.com/@tomaspueyo/coronavirus-act-today-or-people-will-die-f4d3d9cd99ca) has reached South Africa. Fortunately, the international data science community has already reacted swiftly. There are excellent people tracking the epidemic, who already offered predictive models to assist policy makers and the rest of us in making decisions regarding containment of the disease.\n\nIn this blog post, I prepare for the [Zindi competition for predicting the global spread of COVID-19 disease](https://zindi.africa/competitions/predict-the-global-spread-of-covid-19).\n\n## How to predict the spread of COVID-19?\nMy approach is to first, model the epidemic, and then to figure out a way to predict the spread. \n\nFor modelling epidemics, it seems that epidemiologists utilise the [SIR model](https://services.math.duke.edu/education/ccp/materials/diffcalc/sir/sir1.html). This model tracks the Susceptible people, the Infected people, and the Recovered people. Some variants of the model also reckon the Exposed group, such as this [SEIR model](http://jsxgraph.uni-bayreuth.de/wiki/index.php/Epidemiology:_The_SEIR_model). The [SIR epidemic model](https://scipython.com/book/chapter-8-scipy/additional-examples/the-sir-epidemic-model/) page from scipython has some useful code and a more terse explanation of the model too.\n\nThe Zindi competition requires the use of casualties as the predicted value. Casualties are not explicitly included in the SIR model, but it can be used to compare with crude [mortality rates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortality_rate) and the [case fatality rate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_fatality_rate). All these Greek letters like betas and gammas are technical Chinese to me, so I'm going to have to get grokking.\n\n## Getting the cases and casualties data\nZindi's data is obtained from [John Hopkins University](https://www.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6). In particular, they offer the number of cases, and the number of casualties per week. \n\n## Preliminary EDA\nI have utilised the [starter notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/19mOsHtrPPcpo6hyRBfqfyafuJ8_ZZFCP) to plot these two graphs:\n![Corona COVID-19 cases as of 16/03/2020](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/i/gtryc9pjcnsjipi45mf7.jpeg)\nThis is the global amount of cases per region on 16/03/2020.\n\n![Corona COVID-19 casualties as of 16/03/2020](https://dev-to-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com/i/cgcynrv91u5qkw1qv7vy.jpeg)\nThis is the global amount of casualties per region on 16/03/2020.\n\n## Feature engineering\n[Coronavirus: Why you must act now] (https://medium.com/@tomaspueyo/coronavirus-act-today-or-people-will-die-f4d3d9cd99ca) contains some interesting ideas to track a few more metrics I may utilise:\n1. The mortality rate, which is around 1%, but I may want to use a higher [mortality rate of 3,5%](https://www.flattenthecurve.com/) (their terms, not mine).\n1. Time from infection to death, which is around 20 days.\n1. The amount of time it takes for cases to double, which is around 5 days.\n\n## Baseline modelling\nFor my baseline model, I will use [Linear Regression](https://machinelearningmastery.com/linear-regression-for-machine-learning/).\n\n## Conclusion\nIn this post, I outlined a plan to tackle Zindi's Predict the Global Spread of COVID-19 challenge. The purpose of the competition is to predict the amount of weekly casualties of the disease in each region. I found some references to teach myself the SIR model that is used to model epidemics. Then I discussed some potential metrics that may help the predictive model, and decided to use Linear Regression model results as a baseline.\n\nStay safe, everyone! Wash your hands!",
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      "title": "Zindi Fowl Escapades challenge: EDA of audio data in R",
      "body": "This is my first contribution to the [Zindi community](https://zindi.africa/competitions/fowl-escapades). While I much prefer Python to R, I haven't worked in R in a while and someone on the forums requested R starter code.\n1. Have a look at my github repo here, [Fowl Escapades R code](https://github.com/DevilEars/Zindi/tree/master/Fowl%20Escapades/R). It's still a work in progress, so things may change frequently. \n1. As part of my [Data Science workflow](https://dev.to/devilears/a-data-science-workflow-mj1), this is not quite starter code, it is merely Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) in R. \n1. For starter code in Python, see [Fowl Escapades Quickie](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1SdrwQtT16FAGmfssJi5riMjDOQU7IvWE#scrollTo=eSYcXfG6MP6Y). \n1. For starter code in R, subscribe for my following posts. Sorry for the cliffhanger. If you really can't wait, try building [your own machine learning model in R](https://machinelearningmastery.com/machine-learning-in-r-step-by-step/).\n\n## What is the purpose of the [Zindi Fowl Escapades](https://zindi.africa/competitions/fowl-escapades) challenge?\nThe goal of this challenge is to identify birds by their calls.\n\n## Get the data\nDoing this in R:\n### Install the required packages\nFor this exercise, I am using av. This is an R wrapper for the famous ffmpeg. You can also have a look at [signal](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/signal/), which is what I'd used initially, but av will do.\n```R\n# install if needed\ninstall.packages(\"av\")\n# import regardless\nlibrary(\"av\")\n```\n### [Download and extract the data](https://zindi.africa/competitions/fowl-escapades/data). \nThis is needed if you want to perform EDA on the rest of the data. Note that my EDA code in the repo contains only a single file from the dataset because I don't want to put more than a gig of data on my poor github repo.\n\n### Load the data\nI made a separate csv file which references a handful of audio samples. This doesn't do much, it's just to show how this is done in R if you need the background.\n\n```R\n# This dataset is for illustrative purposes only\nfile_name <- \"./csv/EDASamples.csv\"\neda_samples <- read.csv(file_name)\n\n# peek inside\ndim(eda_samples)\n\n# check for null values. decide what to do with them at this point\ntable(is.na(eda_samples))\n```\n\n## EDA on Audio\n\n### Prerequisite domain knowledge\nWhat makes this challenge more challenging is that the data provided is audio data. Audio data presents its own set of headaches, and [Audio Signal Processing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_signal_processing) (ASP) is a specialised field with its own idiosyncrasies. If you desire a more solid background in this field, here are some helpful resources:\n1. For more than you ever need to know but a brilliant guide nonetheless, have a look at [DSP Guide](https://dspguide.com/). It is superb. Like over 9000. At least 5/7.\n1. For Digital Signal Processing (DSP) in general, [Think DSP](https://greenteapress.com/wp/think-dsp/) is a great resource.\n1. For ASP in particular, see this [ASP Basics](https://www.cs.tut.fi/sgn/arg/intro/basics.html) tutorial.\n1. For ASP in R, RTFM of the [signal package](https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/signal/signal.pdf). I opted for the [av package](https://docs.ropensci.org/av/index.html), because it's more directly related to audio and video processing.\n\n\n### How does one approach EDA on audio data?\nBroadly speaking, one can look at audio data in the time domain, or in the frequency domain, or somewhere in between by plotting frequency over time. **Disclaimer**: engineers out there, please don't cringe too much at the terminology applied here. It is outside the scope of this humble blog post to summon the [hobgoblins of consistency](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-Reliance). I am merely providing a quick and dirty starting point for fellow noobs. Feel free to admonish me in the comments, though.\n\n![Time and frequency domains](https://miro.medium.com/max/506/1*7sKM9aECRmuoqTadCYVw9A.jpeg)\n\nIn the **time domain**, you see *how amplitude changes over time*. This is how you normally listen to songs: The different parts become louder and softer during the duration of the song. \n\nThe **frequency domain** is different. It's like a *snapshot of all the frequencies at once*. In the frequency domain, you can check which frequencies occur in the entire sample, and which ones do not occur. If you listen to this, you'd hear all the present frequencies simultaneously, like a [death shriek chord](https://www.classicfm.com/composers/mahler/guides/symphony-no-2-genius/).\n\nYou switch between the time domain and the frequency domain by means of [Fourier Analysis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_analysis). The Twilight Zone part about this is if you performed Fourier Analysis on the same data in the frequency domain, you get your song back in the time domain. If you can explain how this works, they might burn you at the stake, so beware.\n\n![This is what a death shriek does to you](https://i.imgur.com/y6lZ2f1.png)\n\nAudio signals such as speech and music and bird calls differ quite a bit in terms of frequencies over time, so they are best dealt with by means of [time-frequency analysis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%E2%80%93frequency_analysis).\n\nNow that the engineers have had their coronaries, let's do the EDA!\n\n#### EDA in the time domain\nHere we plot the waveform of the first bird call in R. What you see here are amplitudes of the signal as they change over time.\n```R\n# read 3 sec of audio samples and plot\npcm_data <- read_audio_bin(audio_file, channels = 1, end_time = 3.0)\nplot(pcm_data, type = 'l')\n```\n\nLet's have a look at some metrics.\n```R\nsummary(pcm_data)\n```\n> Min.    1st Qu.     Median       Mean    3rd Qu.       Max. \n>-447440384  -25043493        -32       -282   25092068  401621440 \n> \n\nWhile you can obtain plenty of statistical information in the time domain, it's cumbersome to work with audio like this. You'll have far more options if you work with audio in the time-frequency domain.\n\n#### EDA in the time-frequency domain\nTo see how the frequencies change over time, you perform a [Short-time Fourier Transform](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-time_Fourier_transform) (STFT) on the audio file. \n\nLet's do an STFT on our bird call file to plot a [spectrogram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrogram). There are various ways to [plot the spectrogram in R](https://docs.ropensci.org/av/articles/articles/spectrograms.html), but this is the av way.\n```R\n# read 3 sec of data and directly transform to frequency, then plot\nfft_data <- read_audio_fft(audio_file, end_time = 3.0)\nplot(fft_data)\n```\nNote that this is frequency over time, but now you can see a heat map of the different frequencies. There is more information about time and frequency domains on the [ASP tutorial](https://www.cs.tut.fi/sgn/arg/intro/basics.html), in a matlab style of processing.\n\n\n## Windows and tapering in the time of Corona virus\nOnce you get hold of the frequencies, you can apply plenty of [filters](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_filter) and [windows](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_function) to your audio data. Have a look at the [signal R documentation](https://cran.r-project.org/package=signal) for more ideas. You may need more fancy packages for inputs into your classification models, but that's another post. [Music feature extraction in Python](https://towardsdatascience.com/extract-features-of-music-75a3f9bc265d) provides some inspiration in this regard.\n\nBy eyeballing the spectrograms, you can already see that some frequencies are very high, some are very low, and therefore they are probably background noise and not related to the actual bird calls. You can apply some filters to get rid of plenty of unnecessary information. The package av only provides a few windowing functions, so it serves our purposes here as an initial EDA well, but something more hardcore like signal may be required for the competition.\n\n## Conclusion\nIn this post, I provided an R repo with rudimental EDA for audio data. I provided a few helpful resources for background domain knowledge, and I offered a brief explanation of the methods applied in my R code. Finally, I gave some tips on methods you could use to obtain data for your models in the Zindi Fowl Escapades challenge. Good luck!",
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      "body": "## Some pitfalls of teaching yourself data science\nIn the process of teaching myself data science, I tend to follow the following process for [Kaggle competitions](https://www.kaggle.com/devilears):\n1. Find some starter code\n1. Hack the crap out of the starter code\n1. Add my special sauce.\n1. ???\n1. Profit!\n\nWhile this has served me well enough to learn the basics, it's not a long term sustainable strategy. This will only teach someone the bare bones basics, and will not result in a deeper understanding of the topic. To that point, I have managed to rank roughly between the top 60% and top 82% using this strategy.\n\n## Developing a new data science workflow\nRealising that I needed a deeper understanding of the discipline, I decided to patch together a new strategy from various sources. This is so I may have a more structured, general approach at my fingertips for future data science projects.\n\n## My new and improved data science steps\n1. **Clarify the mission statement**. This step involves understanding the objective. What is the purpose of this competition, or data science project? What has been done on the topic already? Which research papers are available, to give me a solid background in the research problem? Often, my coding skills are pretty good by now, but my domain knowledge of statistics or the actual domain of the competition like say, seismology, is not up to the task.\n1. **Get the data**. This step involves obtaining a framework that has the data packaged. It can be a [colab notebook](https://colab.research.google.com/), or a Kaggle notebook, or a standalone project, or perhaps something in a Docker container. Each of these approaches has their advantages and disadvantages, and the choice would depend on my objective, and the data. Remember that I am trying to avoid starter code, though. This means that I will write my own starter code, and provide that to the community for the right price. \n1. **Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)**. Once the data has been obtained and read into a framework, I need to pop the hood and see how bad the damage is. This step may be as simple as calling the describe function on a pandas frame, or more involved like say having a look at audio spectrograms. \n1. **Data wrangling**. Unless I am very lucky, the data would need to be sanitised. Here I check for missing values, and decide what to do about them. I usually export the sanitised data to a clean csv file or some other suitable format, so I can just read it in during following iterations. This step and the following two would need to be repeated a few times, and it may involve feature engineering in subsequent iterations, depending on what my models require.\n1. **Do baseline modelling**. For the preliminary baseline, use a straightforward model like linear regression. This is to get an idea of what you're aiming for, and to see if your data wrangling has helped you to get anything done in terms of modelling. To note, I have decided to use top 71% as my baseline ranking in order to evaluate my new data science workflow. Meta, bro. Meta AF.\n1. **Try to beat the baseline with more modelling**. Now introduce more fancy models like [CatBoost](https://catboost.ai/docs/concepts/python-reference_catboostclassifier.html). Do some parameter tuning. See if the results improve on the baseline. Go back to data wrangling, if necessary, and do more modelling to improve upon the baseline.\n1. **Communicate the results**. Since I am still teaching myself data science, I do not need to develop a full data science product or to furnish a data report. I might still do this, in order to build my portfolio and get used to the rest of the tools. However, the most valuable communication for me would be a [debriefing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debriefing) by means of a blog post. This takes the form of a report on the actions that I took and any lessons learnt, so I don't repeat the same mistakes in future and have a record of my successes. \n\n## Resources\nI got most of this process from this great [Data Science Worfklow](https://towardsdatascience.com/a-data-science-workflow-26c3f05a010e) post.  For my purposes, I wanted to keep code and worfklow completely separate. Check out that post for an integrated approach, complete with some code in a repo.",
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      "parent_permlink": "science",
      "author": "gargunzola",
      "permlink": "predator-lives-matter",
      "title": "Predator Lives Matter",
      "body": "Given the recent [Rotten Tomatoes audience score controversies](https://cosmicbook.news/rotten-tomatoes-major-changes-captain-marvel-controversy), I no longer put stock in any of their scores. Their Tomatometer score is a contrived platitude from people who do not seem to think much about movies, and definitely think even less of their audience. However, thanks to the [Law of Large Numbers](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/l/lawoflargenumbers.asp), their Audience Score at least had some merit, until recently.\n\n![Predator Fair use, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=21792602](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmTVkCSxyLSSypArDwWuCRd4X8RC2xpfbeCzLyAsEe6Kox/image.png)\n\n## How Rotten Tomatoes scores worked\nThe Tomatometer score is obtained by polling critics. In theory, hundreds of critics furnish their eligible scores, and a release is certified fresh if more than 60% of the scores are positive. Or if a release consistently scores higher than 75%. Or when at least 5 top critics give it a thumbs up.  Or a combination of all of these. There is also a Critics Consensus, which is about as useful as a scientific consensus on any topic.\n\nIn practice, there are Rotten Tomatoes curators who can decide what goes into the sausage machine. If you've ever made sausage, you would know the maxim: Garbage In, Garbage Out. I realised something was fishy when a few films generated a huge backlash from fans and enjoyed some online controversy, despite being certified as fresh as a roadkill sausage by Rotten Tomatoes. This is when I started looking at the Audience Score instead.\n\nInitially, the Audience Score seemed to be merely an aggregate of audience scores. I cannot confirm this intuition, but it seemed to me that this is how they worked. Besides the known examples of Rotten Tomatoes trying to do damage control by means of review embargo, such as with [Birds of Prey](https://www.newsweek.com/birds-prey-review-embargo-first-reviews-dc-movie-margot-robbie-1485778), it seems that the current way of scoring Audience Scores is different.\n\n## Audience Scores as a ratio of scores above the 3,5 star threshold\nI'm confused by their official explanation, which claims that [Audience Scores](https://www.rottentomatoes.com/about) fall into two categories: A full bucket of popcorn, or a tipped over bucket of popcorn. It is claimed there that a full bucket of popcorn is obtained when at least 60% of users give a rating of 3,5 stars or higher, and a popcorn spill denotes at least 60% of users giving it a lesser rating. However, on the scores on a specific film, the explanation is slightly different.\n\nTake for example [The Predator](https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/the_predator), the 2018 remake. Not to be confused with [Predator](https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/predator), the 1987 real deal.\n\n![The Predator 2018 rating from Rotten Tomatoes](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmdeWAJSCC4rsxLu9deNT5B5M47xwZTpcPBmERUaFHETYc/the_predator_rating.png)\n\nOn there, it is claimed that Audience Scores represent the percentage of users who rated the film 3,5 stars or higher. This is a much different requirement from at least 60% of users rating 3,5 stars or higher. Regardless, note the difference between the Audience Score, and the Average Rating in both those instances. \n\nFor Predator, it makes sense that an average rating of 4,13 stars would translate into an Audience Score of 80% or higher. It also makes sense that this score is higher than the Tomatometer score, given that critics are usually dropouts from the visual arts or other more practical departments, and end up in the strictly theoretical departments, where they get indoctrinated into [Critical Theory](https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/critical-theory/) -  what an appropriate description! This allows them to become wounded lions licking their wounds in resentment while dishing out liberal scorn on anyone who has successfully made it into the world of applying working [Film Theory](https://www.britannica.com/art/film-theory).\n\n![predator_score.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmVnUpxmw3es7AH4fpjVVMgBbTX3ZyT9iUmXucQDNr5wND/predator_score.png)\n\nFor The Predator, the average rating is 2,6 stars. This would translate to an aggregate score of roughly 56% or so, and not the 33% one sees there. Such a rating does make sense if fewer than 60% of the audience rated higher than 3,5 stars, or when only 33% of the audience rated higher than 3,5 stars.  But that means an average film is given a sub-par rating of only 33%, whereas it's closer to 56% on the aggregate. \n\n## Why did they change their system?\nIt appears that they changed their system to align the Audience Score with the Tomatometer score, in order to make their film critics appear less out of touch with the dwindling number of people who still bother paying for film tickets. I mean if you really wanted to know whether a film is worth watching, you could just see its download rates on torrent sites over time, but mentioning that kind of objective data is almost as verboten as mentioning the names Harvey Weinstein or Jeffrey Epstein in the same breath as their countless Hollywood beneficiaries. \n\n## Every man and woman is a star-studded celebrity film critic\nWe're just not meant to know our opinions when they don't conform to the opinions of the anointed film critics, or their paedowood masters. For the time being, the average audience score still appears to be useful, but the truth, as Oscar Wilde once quipped, is rarely pure and never simple. No doubt the truth will be blemished sooner rather than later, and a simple aggregate of scores would either disappear entirely, or be so convoluted in layers of other requirements that its simplicity would be lost for all intents and purposes. It's like we say in the biz: Rotten Tomatoes scores are about using data like the drunkard uses a lamppost: Not for illumination, but for support. Meanwhile, Predator lives matter, as we may know from their largely peaceful protests.",
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      "body": "Maybe not trending. Those are tips I follow for my own posts, but admittedly I haven't been posting much lately. I do like the Steemit platform because Markdown is like a second language to me by now, and it's a little bit removed from the other social media platforms.",
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