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      "body": "Telecommunication companies told not to deal with Chinesemanufacturer, while US imposes fresh sanctions for illegal sale of sensitivetechnology\n英国当局告知国内电信公司不要与中国制造商有业务往来并对非法销售敏感技术下达新的禁令\n![4000.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmRnA9HEvFED9YcKGw4VneTvgd2H59WHwDWoRzNvZpBttQ/4000.jpg)\nZTE smartphone circuit boards on the assembly line inShenzhen, China. Photograph: Bloomberg via Getty Images\n中兴智能手机的主板在深圳组装。\nBritain’s cyber-security watchdog has warnedtelecommunications companies against dealing with the Chinese manufacturer ZTE,citing “potential risks” to national security.\n英国网络安全部门向英国电信公司就其和中国制造商中兴的业务往来发出警告，称其对国家安全有“潜在威胁。”\n\nThe US commerce department has imposed a seven-year-ban oncompanies selling products and services to ZTE – which makes mobile phones andnetwork equipment – alleging it failed to crack down on personnel who soldsensitive US technology to Iran and North Korea. ZTE halted trading of itsshares in Hong Kong and Shenzhen on Tuesday following the announcement of theUS ban, while Beijing warned it would “safeguard” its companies if necessary.\n针对其产品和服务，美国商务部对中兴这家制造手机和网络设备的公司颁布了长达七年的禁令-美方指控中兴没有对将美国技术卖给伊朗和朝鲜的雇员采取行动。在美国下达禁令后，中兴宣布其在香港和深圳上市的股票进行停牌处理，同时北京警告称其将对中兴进行必要的“保护。”\n\nIn Britain, the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) said:“NCSC assess that the national security risks arising from the use of ZTEequipment or services within the context of the existing UK telecommunicationsinfrastructure cannot be mitigated.”\n在英国，国家网络安全中心（NCSC）称：“本中心对已使用中兴设备或者服务的英国电信运营基础设施进行了评估，发现其中的风险无法弥补。”\n\nAccording to the Financial Times, a letter from the NCSC tocompanies states that the UK telecoms network already contains a “significantamount” of equipment supplied by Huawei, also a Chinese manufacturer. Adding inequipment and services from another Chinese supplier would “render our existingmitigations ineffective”.\n援引《金融时报》的报道，一封由英国国家网络安全中心（NCSC）向英国公司发出的公开信提到，英国的通信网络已经使用了“相当数量”来自华为，另一家中国制造商，的设备。再使用另外一家中国制造商，中兴，的产品，会“令困局进一步恶化。”\n\nZTE pleaded guilty in March 2017 to illegally shipping UStechnology to Iran and North Korea. Part of the settlement required ZTE to takeaction against employees involved in the violations, but instead engaged in acover-up according to US authorities. “Instead of reprimanding ZTE staff andsenior management, ZTE rewarded them. This egregious behaviour cannot beignored,” said Wilbur Ross, the US secretary of commerce .\n中兴在2017年3月曾经向美方就非法将美方技术卖给伊朗和朝鲜认罪。和解协议中有一部分要求中兴对泄露技术的雇员采取行动，然而中兴却试图欺骗美国有关部门以求瞒天过海。“非但没有惩戒相关员工和责任人，中兴对他们的行为进行了褒奖。这样出格的行为我们无法容忍，”威尔伯·罗斯，美国商务部部长表示。\n\nZTE works with BT in a research partnership, but the Britishfirm said that did not mean it would lead to a commercial deployment of itstechnology in the UK.\n中兴和英国电信公司BT集团有合作研究关系，然而BT集团否认其将会与中兴在英国市场开展商务合作。\nA spokeswoman told the Financial Times: “BT takes thesecurity of the UK’s critical national infrastructure very seriously and has arobust testing regime in place to ensure that the equipment from all suppliersused in our network remains secure.”\nBT集团的女发言人对《金融时报》表示： “BT对英国国家基础设施的关键领域的安全非常重视。我司已构建一套有效的测试体系以保证所有在我司网络内运行的全部供货商的产品没有安全风险。",
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      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelcwenderoth/2018/04/11/china-is-innovating-faster-than-you-imagine/",
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      "body": "![timg (8).jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmT1vSZMbMG3HigNCgQh3Dc9mMHSa4tznbGJFN6JvP8K7N/timg%20(8).jpg)\nChina Is Innovating Faster Than You Imagine\n\n中国的创新速度比你想象的要快。\n\nApr 11, 2018, 01:46pm 3,875 views Michael C. Wenderoth\n\nWhen I talked to a group of Chinese executives recently about their trip to Silicon Valley last year, the consensus was disappointment: “Honestly, I don’t know what all the hoopla is about,” said one.\n\n\n去年，当我和一群中国高管谈论他们去硅谷的经历时，他们的共识是失望:“说实话，我不知道他们在搞什么鬼。”\n\n\nThe world lauds Silicon Valley as a center of innovation, but many Chinese visitors, particularly from China’s growing technology sector – aren’t that impressed.\n\n\n世界称赞硅谷是创新的中心，但许多中国参访者，尤其是来自中国不断增长的科技行业的参访者，对此印象并不深刻。\n\n\nIn turn, many Westerners still insist Chinese products are cheap, low quality copies.While such perceptions may represent a portion of China’s market, the country has more than its share of world-class companies that are increasingly rising in rankings on size, growth – and most significantly, innovation.\n\n\n反过来，许多西方人仍然坚持认为中国产品是廉价的、低质量的复制品。尽管这种看法可能代表了中国市场的一部分，但中国在世界一流企业中所占的份额越来越大，在规模、增长和最重要的创新方面的排名日益上升。\n\n\nMany Chinese executives in the burgeoning tech sector take umbrage at the idea they don’t innovate. They feel increasingly confident they can compete head to head, engineer by engineer, with the best in Silicon Valley, Israel or other innovation hubs.\n\n\n在新兴科技行业，许多中国高管对于说他们不能创新的想法感到不满。他们感到越来越有信心，他们可以与硅谷、以色列或其他创新中心的工程师进行面对面的竞争。\n\n\nFor example:\n\n\nHuawei, the world leader in networking equipment and now #3 smartphone maker, has unparalleled technical breadth and has refined its models both in China and the developing world to the point where it now dominates in some Western markets.\n\n\n例如：华为是全球网络设备的领头羊，并且是世界第三大智能手机制造商，拥有无与伦比的技术广度，在中国和发展中国家完善了其发展模式，目前在一些西方市场占据主导地位。\n\n\nXiaomi, which took the smartphone industry by storm several years ago to enter the top 10 smartphone makers worldwide, produces great designs at affordable prices. It took an innovative approach to marketing by selling online only, with new models emerging rapidly. Xiaomi’s operational efficiency is second to none.\n\n\n小米—在几年前席卷了智能手机行业，进入全球十大智能手机制造商行列，推出了物美价廉的设计。它采取了一种创新的营销方式，只在网上销售，新模式使得小米迅速崛起。小米的经营效率是首屈一指的。\n\n\nAlibaba, the largest ecommerce company in the world (the company jokes it should not be compared to Amazon, as it is so much bigger), has revolutionized the way small businesses sell and has created one of the most sophisticated and lucrative retail online ecosystems in the world. No wonder their one-day sale on November 11 (China’s “Singles Day”) grosses more revenue than Black Friday and Cyber Monday combined.\n\n\n阿里巴巴是世界上最大的电子商务公司(该公司开玩笑说，它不应该与亚马逊相比，因为它的规模要大得多)，它彻底改变了小型企业的销售方式，并创造了世界上最先进、最赚钱的零售网络生态系统之一。难怪他们在11月11日(中国的“光棍节”)的一天销售收入超过了黑色星期五和网络星期一的销售总和。\n\n\nTenCent, whose Wechat application may be the world’s most dominant, with 960 million users, has not only surpassed Facebook to become the world’s fifth-most valuable company, but has become a case study for mobile gaming and the fremium model to generate revenue.\n\n\n腾讯，它的微信应用可能是全球最具影响力的，拥有9.6亿用户，它不仅超越了Facebook，成为全球第五大最有价值的公司，而且已经成为移动游戏和免费增值模式产生收入的研究案例。\n\n\nDJI is the world’s top drone maker, while Haier and Midea, top white goods and electronics manufacturers, are producing high and low-end market winners. All are rapidly upping their game through robotics and internet applications. (Midea bought Kuka, a leading German robotics maker).\n\n\n大疆是全球最大的无人机制造商，而海尔和美的是顶级的白色家电制造和电子产品制造商，是高端和低端市场的赢家。所有人都在通过机器人技术和互联网应用迅速提高他们的竞争水平。(美的收购了德国领先的机器人制造商库卡）。\n\n\nThese firms and many others have succeeded by applying a mix of world-class management and adapting to China’s highly competitive domestic market. Cities like Shenzhen have become software hubs for sectors such as the IOT by providing access to rapid and cost-effective hardware manufacturing.\n\n\n这些公司和其他许多公司通过运用了世界级的管理，以及适应中国激烈竞争的国内市场已经成功了。像深圳这样的城市通过提供快速访问以及高性价比的硬件制造已经变成了像物联网等行业的软件中心。\n\n\nThe West often complains that the Chinese government protects its industries through protectionist policies, providing easy access to capital and turning a blind eye to IP protection. There is some truth to this in certain sectors, but it ignores the fact that almost all the companies mentioned operate to world-class standards.\n\n\n西方国家经常抱怨中国政府通过保护主义政策保护本国工业，并提供便捷的资本渠道，而且对知识产权保护视而不见。在某些领域，这是有一定道理的，但它忽略了一个事实，即几乎所有提到的公司都达到了世界级标准。\n\n\nIn sectors like ecommerce and the internet, China has succeeded in creating an ecosystem so big and attractive that it drives innovation. Many innovative Chinese don't need to look for international markets because there is so much room to grow in China.\n\n\n在电子商务和互联网等领域，中国成功地创造了一个如此巨大和吸引人的生态系统，推动了创新。许多创新型的中国人不需要去寻找国际市场，因为中国有很大的增长空间。\n\n\nTake Didi, the ride-share app (which has now gone global). Many accuse of it of copying Uber’s model, but the simple truth is that it outplayed Uber in China, from marketing to speed to market. The company has constantly introduced innovations, like a service to send a driver for your car when you have had too much to drink, and an SOS feature to improve safety.\n\n\n以滴滴出行为例，这款打车软件现在已经风靡全球。许多人指责滴滴抄袭了优步的模式，但一个简单的事实是，滴滴在中国从营销到速度再到市场全面超越了优步。该公司不断推出创新，比如在你喝得太多的时候为你的车派一个司机的服务，滴滴还有一个发送紧急求救信号（SOS）的功能，以提高安全性。\n\n\nSuch is the ride-sharing leader’s omnipresence that it is calling car ownership into question. China is increasingly seen by many Western carmakers as the laboratory for the future of transport, including bike sharing, a sector led by Ofo and Mobike. With access to capital and demand, both have become huge, fast.\n\n\n还有就是（中国是）无所不在共享领域的领导者，它将汽车所有权问题变成问题。中国越来越多地被西方汽车制造商视为未来交通的实验室，包括自行车共享，由Ofo和Mobike领导的行业。随着资本的进入和需求的释放，两者都变得巨大，并且发展迅速。\n\n\nChina’s growing domination of AI, machine learning and algorithms is reflected by the success of companies like LingoChamp (Liulishuo), an English language learning application that evaluates your spoken English. With some 50 Million plus users in China alone, it has filled a need, enabling eager Chinese to learn English without access to native language teachers. LingoChamp also reflects how many of China’s entrepreneurs pass on Silicon Valley (several of its founders spent time in the USA), and now see more opportunity in China.\n\n\n中国日益增长的人工智能、机器学习和算法的主导地位，体现在英语流利说(Liulishuo)这样的公司的成功上。流利说是一个英语学习应用，它能评估你的英语口语。仅在中国就有大约5000万的用户，它满足了人们的需求，让热切的中国人在没有母语的情况下学习英语。流利说还反映了中国有多少企业家越过硅谷(其中几位创始人在美国呆过)，现在在中国看到了更多的机会。\n\n\nMeeting a more basic need is Three Squirrels, one of the country’s fastest growing snack food companies, typical of the ever-growing swathe of packaged goods and consumer companies able to come up with new products on accelerated cycles, unheard of in the West. All this and a delivery and logistics sector able to provide virtually anything on demand means that China has the conditions for continued innovation.\n\n\n满足更基本需求的是三只松鼠，它们是中国发展最快的零食公司之一，它们是越来越多的包装食品和消费品公司的典型代表，它们能够在加速周期中推出新产品，在西方闻所未闻。所有类似食品公司、发货和物流部门能够提供几乎所有的需求，这意味着中国具备持续创新的条件。\n\n\nIn fact, as one Chinese entrepreneur recently told me, Darwinian competition means Chinese businesses have no choice but to innovate. Those bike share companies? Within months, dozens of startups had entered the market. And eager Chinese consumers seem particularly skilled at finding loopholes in company policies, forcing companies to improve service at light speed.The same entrepreneur said there are so many opportunities in China that entrepreneurs don’t need to conduct deep R&D innovation, which takes longer and is costly.\n\n\n事实上，正如一位中国企业家最近告诉我的那样，达尔文式的竞争意味着中国企业别无选择，只能创新。比如那些自行车共享公司?在几个月内，数十家初创公司进入这个市场。而心急的中国消费者似乎特别善于发现公司政策的漏洞，迫使企业以光速改进服务。这位企业家说，中国有很多机会，企业家不需要花费更长的时间和成本进行深入的研发创新。\n\n\nWhich is where the government comes in. China has made impressive investments in key sectors. Clean energy, electric cars, clean energy, batteries, aviation, robotics, genomics, space, security – these and others have been targeted as part of China’s ambitious Made in China 2025 policy, which explains China’s priorities and where Chinese firms are likely to make big acquisitions or focus.\n\n\n还有一点就是政府的介入。中国在关键领域的投资令人印象深刻。清洁能源、电动汽车、清洁能源电池、航空航天、机器人、基因科学、太空安全——这些都是中国在《中国制造2025》中雄心勃勃的目标之一。中国的这一政策解释了中国的优先事项，中国企业可能会在哪些领域进行大规模收购或专注研发。\n\n\nWhen China sets its sights on a goal, as it did with the 2008 Olympics, serious effort and planning move into place. Top-tier strategy consultancies have never been busier and have moved into providing leadership development, design and prototyping, analysis and execution, so that Chinese firms can keep innovating – and Western companies in China have a chance of keeping up with them.\n\n\n当中国将目光投向一个目标时，就像2008年奥运会时那样，在这一领域付出认真的努力和周全计划。顶级战略咨询公司从来没有这么忙过，他们已经开始提供领导力开发、设计和原型开发、分析和执行，这样中国公司就可以继续创新，而西方公司在中国也有机会跟上他们的步伐。\n\n\nBy following the examples of Chinese firms, the West can learn much about scaling up and operating in fast moving markets, applying Chinese companies’ experience to our home markets. A Chinese approach might also better help us succeed in emerging economies like Africa. China may even take the lead in management and leadership, long considered the ‘expertise’ of the West.\n\n\n通过效仿中国企业的例子，西方可以学习更多的在快速发展的市场上扩张和运营的经验，将中国企业的经验应用到我们的国内市场。中国的做法或许也能更好地帮助我们在非洲等新兴经济体取得成功。中国甚至可能在长期以来被视为西方的“专业知识”的管理和领导方面发挥领导作用。\n\n\nChina now has the money, an educated and ambitious workforce, a can-do spirit, impressive companies, and a dogged spirit to achieve that will carry it far.Next time someone tells you China doesn’t innovate, suggest that they to take a closer look.\n\n\n中国现在有了钱，有受过良好教育的、有抱负的劳动力，有乐观进取的精神，有令人印象深刻的公司，还有顽强的精神来实现这一目标。下次有人告诉你中国不创新的时候，建议他们仔细看看。\n\n\nOn my most recent trip to China, I sat next to a retired French executive who was making his first visit. A global, multi-lingual VP, he had spent his career between France, Spain, the UK and the United States, home to the leading companies of his day.\n\n\n在我最近一次去中国的旅途中，我坐在一位退休的法国高管旁边，他是第一次来中国。他曾是一名大型领先企业的全球多语种副总裁，并在法国、西班牙、英国和美国之间度过了他的职业生涯。\n\n\nHe was intrigued that I was taking a large group of 20-year old students from around the world on their first trip to China: they were heading, I told him, to the home of the leading companies of today.\n\n\n他很感兴趣的是，我带领着一大批来自世界各地的20岁的学生，进行他们的首次中国之旅，我告诉他，他们将前往今天的公司所在地。",
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      "title": "China Is Innovating Faster Than You Imagine  中国的创新速度比你想象的要快。"
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      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttp://www.bbc.com/capital/story/20180316-why-a-robot-wont-steal-your-job-yet",
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      "body": "![16sucai_p20161031106.JPG](https://steemitimages.com/DQmVc3BdiAyj8xFdfVeR8Y6fUMaDvA3NCuibgB8fVWrqoJ9/16sucai_p20161031106.JPG)\nWhy a robot won't steal your job yet\n为何机器人抢不走你的工作——至少现在还不行\n\nMadaline was the first.\n\n玛德林（Madaline）是第一个。\n\nBack in 1959 she used her impressive intellect to solve a previously intractable problem: echoes on telephone lines. At the time, long-distance calls were often ruined by the sound of the caller’s own voice bouncing back at them every time they spoke.\n\n早在1959年，她就凭借超凡智慧解决了一个棘手难题：电话线路上的回声。当时，长途电话中每次通话声音都会有回响，造成通话者的很大困扰。\n\nShe fixed the issue by recognising when an incoming signal was the same as the one going out, and electronically deleting it. The solution was so elegant, it’s still used today. Of course, she wasn’t human – she was a system of Multiple ADAptive LINear Elements, or Madaline for short. This was the first time artificial intelligence was used in the workplace.\n\n玛德林能够识别输入与输出的的相同信号，然后用电子的方式删除回声，解决了这个问题，这一简洁的解决方案沿用至今。当然，玛德林不是人类，而是一个多元自适应线性神经元（Multiple ADAptive LINear Elements）系统，简称“Madaline”。这是人工智能首次应用于工作领域。\n\nToday it’s widely accepted that brainy computers are coming for our jobs. They’ll have finished your entire weekly workload before you’ve had your morning toast – and they don’t need coffee breaks, pension funds, or even sleep. Although many jobs will be automated in the future, in the short term at least, this new breed of super-machines is more likely to be working alongside us.\n\n今天，人们普遍认为智能计算机会抢走我们的工作，在你早餐还没吃完以前，它就已经完成了你一周的工作量，而且他们还不休息，不喝咖啡，也不要退休金，甚至不用睡觉。但事实上，虽然很多工作未来都会自动化，但至少短期内，这种新品种智能机器更有可能是与我们一起工作（而不是取代人类）。\n\nDespite incredible feats in a variety of professions, including the ability to stop fraud before it happens and spot cancer more reliably than doctors, even the most advanced AI machines around today don’t have anything approaching general intelligence.\n\n虽然人工智能机器在很多领域建树非凡，譬如预防欺诈，甚至比医生还可靠的癌症诊断。但现今最尖端的人工智能机器也跟一般人脑智力相差甚远。\n\nAccording to a 2017 McKinsey report, with current technology just 5% of jobs could eventually be fully automated, but 60% of occupations could see roughly a third of their tasks taken over by robots.\n\n麦肯锡2017年的一份报告认为，在现有科技下，只有5%的工作可以完全自动化，60%的职业中有大约三分之一的工作可由机器人完成。\n\nAnd it is important to remember that not all robots use artificial intelligence – some do, many don’t. The problem is, the very same deficiency preventing these smart robots using AI from taking over the world will also make them extremely frustrating colleagues. From a tendency towards racism to a total inability to set their own goals, solve problems, or apply common sense, this new generation of workers lack skills that even the most bone-headed humans would find easy.\n\n千万别忘了，并非所有机器人都使用人工智能——有些用，很多不用。问题是，阻碍智能机器人通过人工智能接管世界的毛病，也恰恰是它们与人类共事显得非常糟糕的原因。谷歌的相片识别软件曾经将黑人的脸辨认为猩猩，人工智能机器也不能完全自定义目标，解决问题，甚至是运用基本常识都有问题，这些新一代机器工人所缺乏的这些技能，对于人类，即或是最愚钝者，也是易如反掌。\n\nSo, before we gambol off into the sunset together, here’s what you will need to know about working with your new robot colleagues.\n\n因此，在心灰意冷之前，你需要了解几点与新的机器人同事一起工作的法则。\n\nRule one: Robots don’t think like humans\n\n法则一：机器人不会像人类一样思考\n\nAround the time Madaline was revolutionising long-distance phone calls, the Hungarian-British philosopher Michael Polanyi was thinking hard about human intelligence. Polanyi realised that while some skills, such as using accurate grammar, can be easily broken down into rules and explained to others, many cannot.\n\n大约与玛德林革新长途电话的同时，英籍匈牙利哲学家波兰尼（Michael Polanyi）在苦苦思索人类智力的问题。波兰尼意识到，人类的有些技能，例如使用准确的语法，可以轻易地归纳成规则并向他人解释，有些则不能。\n\nHumans can perform these so-called tacit abilities without ever being aware of how. In Polanyi’s words, “we know more than we can tell”. This can include practical abilities such as riding a bike and kneading dough, as well as higher-level tasks. And alas, if we don’t know the rules, we can’t teach them to a computer. This is the Polanyi paradox.\n\n人类能不自觉地运用所谓的隐性能力，用波兰尼的话来说是\"人类所知多于所能表述\"。这包括骑自行车和揉面，以及更高水平的实践能力。唉，如果我们不懂规则的话，就不能把规则教给一台计算机。这就是波兰尼悖论。\n\nInstead of trying to reverse-engineer human intelligence, computer scientists worked their way around this problem by developing AI to think in an entirely different way – thoughts driven by data instead.\n\n为了解决这个问题，计算器科学家没有试图逆向设计人类智力，而是给人工智能开发了全新的思考方式——用数据思考。\n\n“You might have thought that the way AI would work is that we would understand humans and then build AI exactly the same way,” says Rich Caruana, a Senior Researcher at Microsoft Research. “But it hasn't worked that way.” He gives the example of planes, which were invented long before we had a detailed understanding of flight in birds and therefore have different aerodynamics. And yet, today we have planes that can go higher and faster than any animal.\n\n微软研究院（Microsoft Research）高级研究员卡鲁阿纳（Rich Caruana）说：\"你可能以为人工智能的原理是我们先了解人类，然后以同样的方式构建人工智能，但事实并非如此。\"他以飞机为例，我们早在详细了解鸟类飞行原理之前就造出了飞机，使用的空气动力学原理不一样，但今天我们的飞机比任何动物都飞得更高更快。\n\nLike Madaline, many AI agents are “neural networks”, which means they use mathematical models to learn by analysing vast quantities of data. For example, Facebook trained its facial recognition software, DeepFace, on a set of some four million photos. By looking for patterns in images labelled as the same person, it eventually learned to match faces correctly around 97% of the time.\n\n与玛德林一样，许多人工智能主体都是\"神经网络\"，它们通过分析大量数据，构建数学模型来学习。例如Facebook用大约400万张照片来训练人脸识别软件DeepFace。DeepFace在标注为同一个人的不同图像中寻找模式样本，最终学会人脸匹配，成功率达97%。\n\nAI agents such as DeepFace are the rising stars of Silicon Valley, and they are already beating their creators at driving cars, voice recognition, translating text from one language to another and, of course, tagging photos. In the future they’re expected to infiltrate numerous fields, from healthcare to finance.\n\n类似DeepFace的人工智能机器是硅谷的明日之星，并且已经在驾车、语音识别、文字翻译、标注照片等方面超过了其开发者，预计未来还将进军包括医疗以及金融在内的众多其他领域。\n\nRule two: Your new robot friends are not infallible. They make mistakes\n\n法则二：机器人新朋友并非绝对可靠，它们也会犯错\n\nBut this data-driven approach means they can make spectacular blunders, such as that time a neural network concluded a 3D printed turtle was, in fact, a rifle. The programs can’t think conceptually, along the lines of “it has scales and a shell, so it could be a turtle”. Instead, they think in terms of patterns – in this case, visual patterns in pixels. Consequently, altering a single pixel in an image can tip the scales from a sensible answer to one that’s memorably weird.\n\n然而这种依靠数据的思维方法也可能会犯下大错，例如某人工神经网络曾经把3D打印的乌龟认成了步枪。因为这个程序无法进行概念推理 ，不会想到\"这个东西有鳞和壳所以可能是只乌龟\"。相反，它们是根据模式思考——这个例子中是以像素为单位的视觉模式。因此，改变图像中的某个像素，一个合理答案就可能演变成无稽之谈。\n\nIt also means they don’t have any common sense, which is crucial in the workplace and requires taking existing knowledge and applying it to new situations.\n\n而且它们也不具备工作中必不可少的常识，不能把已有知识运用到新情境中。\n\nA classic example is DeepMind AI; back in 2015 it was told to play the classic arcade game Pong until it got good. As you’d expect, it was only a matter of hours before it was beating human players and even pioneering entirely new ways to win. But to master the near-identical game Breakout, the AI had to start from scratch.\n\nDeepMind人工智能就是一个经典案例。2015年时DeepMind获令操作经典街机游戏《乓》（Pong）并要取得高分。如你所想，它几小时就击败了人类玩家，而且还开发了全新的获胜方式。但是让它再去玩类似的另一款游戏《打砖块》（Breakout），人工智能又得从零开始学起。\n\nAlthough developing transfer learning has become a large area of research, for instance a single system called IMPALA shows positive knowledge transfer between 30 environments.\n\n开发人工智能的迁移学习能力已经成为研究的一大领域，例如一个名为IMPALA的系统已能在30种情境下转换所学得的知识。\n\nRule three: Robots can’t explain why they’ve made a decision\n\n法则三：机器人无法解释自己的决定\n\nThe second problem with AI is a modern Polanyi paradox. Because we don’t fully understand how our own brains learn, we made AI to think like statisticians instead. The irony is, that now we have very little idea of what goes on inside AI minds either. So, there are two sets of unknowns.\n\n人工智能的第二个问题是一个现代版波兰尼悖论。我们并不完全清楚人脑的学习机制，因此我们让人工智能用统计学家的方式来思考。讽刺的是，我们现在对人工智能如何思维也知之甚少，于是有了两套未知系统。\n\nIt’s usually called the ‘black box problem’, because though you know what data you fed in, and you see the results that come out, you don’t know how the box in front of you came to that conclusion. “So now we have two different kinds of intelligence that we don't really understand,” says Caruana.\n\n这通常被称为\"黑匣子问题\"——你知道输入的数据，也知道得出的结果，但不知道眼前的盒子是怎么得出结论的。卡鲁阿纳说，\"我们现在有两种不同的智能，但两种我们都无法完全理解。\"\n\nNeural networks don’t have language skills, so they can’t explain to you what they’re doing or why. And like all AI, they don’t have any common sense.\n\n人工神经网络没有语言能力，所以无法说明其所作所为及原因，而且跟所有人工智能一样也没有常识。\n\nA few decades ago, Caruana applied a neural network to some medical data. It included things like symptoms and their outcomes, and the intention was to calculate each patient’s risk of dying on any given day, so that doctors could take preventative action. It seemed to work well, until one night a grad student at the University of Pittsburgh noticed something odd. He was crunching the same data with a simpler algorithm, so he could read its decision-making logic, line by line. One of these read along the lines of “asthma is good for you if you have pneumonia”.\n\n几十年前，卡鲁阿纳将医疗数据输入人工神经网络，包括症状及其后果，从而计算在任何一天患者的死亡风险有多大，让医生能够采取预防措施。效果似乎不错，直到有天晚上一位匹兹堡大学（University of Pittsburgh）的研究生发现了问题。他用一个更简便的算法处理同一组数据，逐条研究神经网络做诊断的逻辑，其中一条诊断是\"如果你患有肺炎，那么患哮喘对你是有好处的\"。\n\n“We asked the doctors and they said ‘oh that’s bad, you want to fix that’,” says Caruana. Asthma is a serious risk factor for developing pneumonia, since they both affect the lungs. They’ll never know for sure why the machine learnt this rule, but one theory is that when patients with a history of asthma begin to get pneumonia, they get to the doctor, fast. This may be artificially bumping up their survival rates.\n\n卡鲁阿纳说，\"我们去问医生，他们说'这太糟糕了，你们需要修正'\"。哮喘是引发肺炎的重要风险因素，因为二者都会影响肺部。人们永远也不知道这个智能机器如何得出了哮喘对肺炎有益的结论。有种解释是，有哮喘病史的患者一开始患肺炎，就会尽快去看医生，这可能人为地提高了他们的存活率，因此人工智能就错误地认为有哮喘对肺炎是有帮助的结论。\n\nWith increasing interest in using AI for the public good, many industry experts are growing concerned. This year, new European Union regulations come into force that will give individuals the right to an explanation about the logic behind AI decisions. Meanwhile, the US military’s research arm, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (Darpa) is investing $70 million into a new program for explainable AI.\n\n随着人工智能越来越广泛地用于公益事业，许多业内专家也越来越担心。今年，新的欧盟法规生效，授权个人可以解释人工智能决策背后的逻辑。与此同时，美国军方的研究机构国防部高级研究计划局（Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Darpa）投入七千万美金，以研究可解释其行为的人工智能。\n\n“Recently there’s been an order of magnitude improvement in how accurate these systems can be,” says David Gunning, who is managing the project at Darpa. “But the price we’re paying for that is these systems are so opaque and so complex, we don’t know why, you know, it’s recommending a certain item or why it’s making a move in a game.”\n\nDarpa该项目负责人冈宁（David Gunning）说，\"近来，系统的准确度有了质的提高，但问题是这些系统太隐晦、太复杂，我们不知道它为什么推荐某个东西，或是在游戏里做某个动作。\"\n\nRule four: Robots may be biased\n\n法则四：机器人可能有偏见\n\nThere’s growing concern that some algorithms may be concealing accidental biases, such as sexism or racism. For example, recently a software program tasked with advising if a convicted criminal is likely to reoffend was revealed to be twice as hard on black people.\n\n人们越来越担心一些人工智能的运作可能会偶尔藏有意识偏见，譬如性别歧视或种族歧视。例如最近有一款软件用来评估犯人再次犯罪的可能性，它对黑人就双倍的严苛。\n\nIt’s all down to how the algorithms are trained. If the data they’re fed is watertight, their decision is highly likely to be correct. But often there are human biases already embedded. One striking example is easily accessible on Google translate. As a research scientist pointed out in the magazine Medium last year, if you translate “He is a nurse. She is a doctor,” into Hungarian, and then back into English, the algorithm will spit out the opposite sentence “She’s a nurse. He is a doctor,”.\n\n这完全取决于人工智能受到怎样的训练，如果它们接收的数据无懈可击，那它们的决定就很可能正确，但多数时候人的偏见已经夹在其中。谷歌翻译里就有很明显的例子。一位研究员在去年出版的《传媒》（Medium）杂志中指出，如果在谷歌翻译中把英文\"他是位护士，她是位医生\"翻译成匈牙利文再译回英文，翻译机给出的是相反的句子：\"她是位护士，他是位医生\"。\n\nThe algorithm has been trained on text from about a trillion webpages. But all it can do is find patterns, such as that doctors are more likely to be male and nurses are more likely to be female.\n\n翻译机接受了一万亿网页内容的数据训练，但它只能以寻找模式样本来运算，譬如它发现的医生以男性居多而护士以女性为主。\n\nAnother way bias can sneak in is through weighting. Just like people, our AI co-workers will analyse data by “weighting” it – basically just deciding which parameters are more or less important. An algorithm may decide that a person’s postcode is relevant to their credit score – something that is already happening in the US – thereby discriminating against people from ethnic minorities, who tend to live in poorer neighbourhoods.\n\n另一种可能出现偏见的原因是数学加权（数学计算中将参数比重加入计算称之为加权）导致的。跟人一样，人工智能也会对数据进行\"加权\"分析——看哪个参数更重要。某种算法可能认为邮政编号跟居民信用评分是有关系的（美国已有这样的实例），这就会出现歧视少数族裔的计算结果，因为他们可能住在较贫穷的小区里。\n\nAnd this isn’t just about racism and sexism. There will also be biases that we would never have expected. The Nobel-prize winning economist Daniel Kahneman, who has spent a lifetime studying the irrational biases of the human mind, explains the problem well in an interview with the Freakonomics blog from 2011. “By their very nature, heuristic shortcuts will produce biases, and that is true for both humans and artificial intelligence, but the heuristics of AI are not necessarily the human ones.”\n\n不仅仅是种族歧视和性别歧视的问题，还会有我们从未想到过的歧视。诺贝尔奖得主经济学家卡内曼（Daniel Kahneman）穷其一生研究人类思维中的非理性偏见。他在2011年接受魔鬼经济学（Freakonomics）博客访问时，很好地解释了这个问题。他说：\"本质上无论是人还是人工智能，经验法则都会造成偏见，但人工智能的经验法则未必与人的经验一样。\"\n\nThe robots are coming, and they’re going to change the future of work forever. But until they’re a bit more human-like, they’re going to need us by their sides. And incredibly, it seems like our silicon colleagues are going to make us look good.\n\n机器人的时代即将到来，并将永远改变未来的工作，但在它们变得更像人类之前，还需要我们守护在它们旁边。令人难以置信的是，硅谷的同事似乎在这方面做得非常之出色。",
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      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttp://people.com/crime/texas-toddler-mauled-death-family-dog-backyard/",
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      "body": "![timg (7).jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmY3nXfUCWrcafjqzAA4KF6iWE3VhnmMpBK4jfxZ4AudJG/timg%20(7).jpg)\nA 4-year-old Texas boy was fatally mauled in his backyard on Sunday after possibly getting “too close” to his family’s dog, officials say.\n\n\n\nThe animal, described only as a “mixed large breed,” was tied up when it attacked the child, Noah Trevino, according to local TV station KSAT.\n\n\n\n“It appears that the child may have gotten too close to the dog,” the Bexar County Sheriff said, KSAT reports.\n\n\n\n\n“A family member went to check on him in the [backyard] and saw the dog biting the neck area of the child who was laying on the ground,” Johnny C. Garcia, a\n\nspokesman for the sheriff’s office, tells PEOPLE in a statement. “The child was freed from the dog by the family member who took the child inside.”\n\n\n\nNoah was airlifted to a nearby hospital with life-threatening injuries, Garcia says. He was pronounced dead at the hospital.\n\n\n\n\nAccording to KSAT, Sheriff Salazar said that children should not be left alone with dogs — even a family’s dog.\n\n“Even if the dog doesn’t show any outward signs of aggression, sometimes they can be unpredictable,” he said. “So it’s best to always be vigilant when\n\nyou’re dealing with a small child and a dog like that.”\n\n\nThe county’s animal control unit took the dog, Garcia tells PEOPLE. It is expected to be held for observation and tested for rabies before being euthanized,\n\naccording to KSAT.\n\nGarcia says Bexar County deputies are continuing to investigate.\n\n周日，一名四岁的德州男孩可能是由于靠自家狗太近，在自家后院遭到严重攻击。\n这只狗，只知道是一直大型杂交犬，攻击男孩的时候有被栓起，根据当地电视台的消息，这名孩子叫做Noah Trevino\n\n在KSAT的报道里当地警方称“很明显是孩子太靠近狗了”\n\n当地警局发言人称，家人看到孩子时，孩子躺在地上，狗正在撕咬他的颈部。之后家人将他从狗嘴中解救出来带进屋里。\n\n\n由于伤情致命，孩子被空运送到附近医院，随后在医院宣告死亡\n\n\n\n\n警官Salazar表示，孩子不应该和狗单独相处，即使是家养狗。\n\n就算狗没有过任何外在的攻击性，但他们毕竟是无法预期的，所以，当孩子和狗在一起的时候要始终保持警惕。\n\n\n当地的动物管理机构带走了狗，它将被圈养接受观察并且测试是否有狂犬病，之后会被安乐死\n\n当地警方将会持续进行调查此事",
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      "body": "President Rodrigo Duterte on Monday said in jest that he would not have befriended Beijing were it not for financial perks. \n\n总统罗德里戈·杜特尔特（Rodrigo Duterte）周一开玩笑称，如果不是为其经济补助，他是不会待北京如朋友的。\n\n\"If you do not have money you are not my friend. I go to China thinking of money because in truth I need money\" Duterte said in a speech before flying to Beijing to attend a business forum. \n\n在杜特尔特飞往北京参加一个商业论坛前，他在一次演讲中这样说道：“如果你没钱，我们就做不成朋友。我这次去中国就是为了钱，因为实际上我们很缺钱（笑）。”\n\nDuterte had sought closer economic and diplomatic ties with China refusing to flaunt a UN-backed arbitration court's ruling in 2016 that invalidated Beijing's claims over islands reefs and outcrops in the South China Sea.\n\n杜特尔特寻求与中国建立更密切的经济与外交联系，为此他拒绝宣扬2016年联合国支持的仲裁法庭对中国做出的判决。该判决判定北京对南中国海岛屿、珊瑚礁和暗礁的主权主张无效。\n\nThe President will address the Boao Forum in the southern Chinese province of Hainan dubbed as Asia's answer to the World Economic Forum held annually at the ski resort town of Davos in Swtizerland.\n\n杜特尔特总统将在位于中国南部海南省举办的博鳌论坛上发表讲话，该论坛被视为亚洲经济体对每年在滑雪胜地瑞士达沃斯举办的世界经济论坛的回应。\n\nHe said he is pursuing Chinese investments on infrastructure and inter-connectivity. \n\n他表示，他在寻求中国对菲律宾基础设施和互联互通方面的投资。\n\nDuterte will also hold a bilateral meeting with Chinese President Xi Jinping at the sidelines of the forum. \n\n除论坛之外，杜特尔特还将与中国主席举行双边会晤。\n\n\"I just simply love Xi Jinping. He understood he understands my problems. I'd like to say thank you China\" Duterte said. \n\n杜特尔特说，“我只是很喜欢中国主席这人，他懂得理解我的问题。我想对中国道声谢。“\n\nIt will be the President's third time visiting Beijing. He will be on a working visit to Hong Kong later this week.\n\n这将是总统第三次访问北京，他将于本周晚些时候对香港进行工作访问。",
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      "body": "Critics WantLegal Rationale For Strikes On Syria. The White House Says It's Secret\n批评人士要求对叙利亚的空袭有法律依据，白宫称这是机密\n\n![gettyimages-943048732_wide-30d1db72a253a3da9b6b0876730876f19e5c573b-s800-c85.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmacVfDQSBnMtYB8d1QJJ5Vkq1dTh5iaJpj4vgPWadctzU/gettyimages-943048732_wide-30d1db72a253a3da9b6b0876730876f19e5c573b-s800-c85.jpg)\n\nAs the Trumpadministration evaluates potential military operations against Syria, the WhiteHouse has declined to explain why it believes it has the legal authority toconduct them without authorization from Congress.\n\n当特朗普政府评估对叙利亚可能采取的军事行动时，白宫拒绝向公众和批评者们解释如何确定自己有合法权力不经国会授权进行军事行动。\n\nBut theWhite House does have a secret seven-page memo that may make the case.\n\n但白宫表示确实有一份七页的备忘录，阐述了为何可以绕过国会对叙利亚进行军事行动，不过属于机密文件，不能对外公布。\n\nThepresident has the authority to deploy military force in the interest ofself-defense. But outside that rationale — and the White House has not madethat case — the president's legal authority becomes murkier.\n\n总统有权为自卫而部署军事力量。但在除开这个理由，白宫没有给出任何事实根据，因此，总统是否有权力合法调动军队就显得模棱两可。\n\nAfter theUnited States' missile strikes against Syria last year, a group made upprimarily of former Obama administration lawyers, \"ProtectDemocracy,\" filed a Freedom of Information Act request to demand the legaljustification for the strikes.\n\n去年美国对叙利亚进行导弹攻击之后，一个主要由前奥巴马政府的律师组成的团队——“民主守护”——提出了一项信息自由法案，要求政府部门为军事打击提供必要的法律依据。\n\nWhen thegovernment did not comply, the organization sued.\n当政府不遵守法案而对外进行军事袭击时，该组织有权提起诉讼。\n\nUncovered aspart of the subsequent litigation was the existence of a seven-page memoproduced by the White House on the day of the 2017 Syria strikes. While onepage containing background is classified, the remaining six pages featuring theWhite House's legal rationale is not.\n\n2017年，白宫在对叙利亚采取军事行动的当天发表了一份长达七页的备忘录，在这份备忘录中，只有一页包含了制定对叙利亚军事行动的背景原因，但这一页是保密的，从公布的其余六页来看，白宫对叙利亚的军事行动没有法律依据，随后该团体针对此事提起诉讼。\n\nOn Monday,as the administration signaled that strikes could be imminent, ProtectDemocracy filed an update with the court asking for a speedy resolution of itslawsuit.\n\n本周一，白宫表示对叙利亚政府军的军事打击可能即将来临，“民主守护”团体人士向法院提出新的申请，要求对其提请的诉讼案件能够快速处理。\n\nThe Trumpadministration argues that the memo was prepared for the purpose of givingadvice to the president and says in a court filing that disclosure could\"chill the open and frank expression of ideas.\"\n\n特朗普政府声称，该备忘录是为向总统提供建议而准备的。在一份递交给法庭的文件中他们表示，如果备忘录的内容对外披露，可能会“打击（备忘录撰写人员）公开和坦率表达意见的积极性”。\n\nThe WhiteHouse did not respond to a request for comment from NPR.\n\n美国国家公共电台要求政府对此事给予回应，白宫方面至今没有答复。\n\nSen. TimKaine, D-Va., who has become a leading voice advocating for Congress'responsibility to approve military action, said the president should releasethe memo before any strikes.\n\n参议员蒂姆-凯恩，目前是提倡“由国会批准军事行动”的主要发言人，他表示，总统应该在发动军事行动之前，对外公布备忘录。\n\n\"Withoutcongressional authorization, any military action President Trump takes in Syriathat isn't in self-defense is illegal,\" Kaine said in a statement onWednesday.\n\n凯恩在星期三的一份声明中说：“如果没有国会的授权许可，特朗普总统在叙利亚采取的任何军事行动都是不合法的。”。\n\nContinuedKaine: \"And while he's at it, he should also release the secret legal memothat reportedly justifies the airstrikes on Syria last year — which clearlyhaven't deterred Syrian leader Bashar Assad — and that the president isapparently now using as precedent for unilateral military action.\"\n\n凯恩还表示：“当总统先生在决定对叙利亚发动军事行动时，应该将去年那份保密的备忘录公之于众，毕竟，他说去年对叙利亚的空袭是正当合法的——但那次行动并没有成功阻止叙利亚领导人巴沙尔·阿萨德——并且总统显然是利用特权（绕过国会）进行了单方面军事行动，这没有先例。”\n\nKaine toldNPR this week that while in general he would support airstrikes against Assad,he does not believe that the president can unilaterally bomb a sovereigncountry like Syria without congressional authorization.\n\n凯恩本周接受访问时告诉国家公共电台，尽管他支持对阿萨德的空袭行动，但他不认为总统可以在没有国会授权的情况下单方面对叙利亚这样的主权国家进行轰炸。\n\nAnotherTrump critic, Democratic Sen. Chris Murphy of Connecticut, told NPR thatalthough he condemns the Assad regime's reported chemical attacks, there areobvious limits on Trump's authority to act.\n\n另一位评论员，康涅狄格州的民主党参议员克里斯-墨菲对国家公共电台表示，虽然他谴责阿萨德政权使用化学武器进行战争，但对特朗普总统的权力应该有明确的限制。\n\n\"We'rea nation of laws, and we have a Constitution that says very clearly that it'sCongress who gets to decide who the United States can fight wars against,\"Murphy said.\n\n墨菲认为：“我们是一个法治国家，国家宪法明确规定，应当由国会决定美国与谁进行战争。”。\n\n\"Thepresident can take military action without congressional permission if the U.S.is attacked or is at risk of imminent attack — but that's not what happenedhere,\" he said. \"If the president thinks he found a loophole thatlets him attack other countries without authorization, he needs to show thatjustification and make that case to the people.\"\n\n他还表示：“当美国受到攻击或面临即将到来的袭击时，总统可以不经国会许可就采取军事行动，但这和现在所发生的事情迥然不同。”如果特朗普总统认为他发现了一个漏洞，允许他不经授权地攻击其他国家，他就需要证明这一点是合法的，并向人民说明。\n\nDebate overthe privileges and responsibilities of ordering military action have doggedpresidents since the Vietnam War. In 2011, for example, Republicans complainedthat Congress hadn't been adequately consulted about the military operationsthat President Barack Obama ordered against Libya.\n\n自越战后，有关军事行动的特权和责任的争论一直困扰着各位总统。例如，在2011年，共和党人就曾抱怨国会没有就贝拉克·奥巴马总统针对利比亚的军事行动进行充分的协商。\n\nLater, whenconfronting the crisis Syria, Obama found himself painted into a corner afterhaving declared that the use of chemical weapons would cross a \"redline.\" When Assad used them, Obama decided that he had the authority toorder an attack against the Syrian regime, but also decided, out of principle,to ask Congress to authorize it.\n\n后来，在面对叙利亚危机时，奥巴马在宣称使用化学武器是越过“红线”的行为后发现自己陷入了困境。当阿萨德使用这些武器时，奥巴马认为他有权对叙利亚政权发动攻击，但从原则上讲需要得到国会批准。\n\nLawmakersdid not; the measure went nowhere. The United States joined a coalition ofnations in attempting to remove Syria's chemical weapons, which ultimately didnot stop such attacks there.\n\n立法者没有批准通过，这项申请不了了之。之后美国加入了一个联合国行动，试图清除叙利亚的化学武器，但最终没能限制那里的化学武器袭击事件。\n\nAt the time,Trump demanded that Obama secure the approval of Congress.\n\n而那时，特朗普要求奥巴马总统必须获得国会的批准。",
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      "title": "Critics WantLegal Rationale For Strikes On Syria. The White House Says It's Secret 批评人士要求对叙利亚的空袭有法律依据，白宫称这是机密"
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      "body": "A massive, 'semi-infinite' trove of rare-earth metals has been found in Japan\n\n最新消息：日本南鸟岛海域发现大量稀土金属资源！\n\n\n\nResearchers have found hundreds of years' worth of rare-earth materials underneath Japanese waters — enough to supply to the world on a \"semi-infinite basis,\" according to a study published in Nature Publishing Group's Scientific Reports.\n\n根据发表在自然出版集团《科学报告》中的一项研究表明，研究人员在日本海域发现了稀土资源，可供全世界在半无限的基础上使用数百年。\n\nRare-earth metals are crucial in the making of high-tech products such as electric vehicles and batteries, and most of the world has relied on China for almost all of its needs.\n\n要制造高科技产品，比如电动汽车和电池，稀土金属是至关重要的。而世界上大部分国家的稀土需求基本都依赖于中国。\n\nThe seabed contains more than 16 million tons of rare-earth oxides, according to the study. That's equivalent to 780 years' worth of yttrium supply, 620 years of europium, 420 years of terbium and 730 years of dysprosium\n\n该研究表明，日本海底含有超过1600万吨的稀土氧化物，其中，钇可供全世界使用780年，铕可供全世界使用620年，铽可供全世界使用420年，镝可供全世界使用730年。",
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      "title": "A massive, 'semi-infinite' trove of rare-earth metals has been found in Japan  最新消息：日本南鸟岛海域发现大量稀土金属资源！"
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      "author": "cheetah",
      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://www.ndtv.com/india-news/dont-grow-rice-official-solution-to-kashmir-rice-farmers-water-crisis-1834888",
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      "body": "![timg (5).jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmXuEHcXbo4nfwEpxEFWxdCQir5ZtG7oLSSgVddgrM5XJ4/timg%20(5).jpg)\nDon't Grow Rice: Official Solution To Kashmir Rice Farmers' Water Crisis\n不种稻米：克什米尔农民水危机的正式解决方案\nApril 09, 2018 \n2018-04-09\nwww.ndtv.com\n\n【译者：2016年印度因为干旱，比哈尔邦早9点-晚6点禁止生火做饭，说是会引起火灾，加剧旱情。。。】\n\nSRINAGAR:  Rice farmers in Jammu and Kashmir are in a bind over what to plant this season, following a prolonged dry spell in January and February. The state irrigation department has found a 'solution' to the water shortage -- it has asked farmers not to plant paddy this season as this crop needs a lot of water to grow, news agency ANI reported.\nSRINAGAR：在1月和2月持续干旱之后，查谟和克什米尔的稻农对本季种植的植物被限制了。根据新闻机构ANI报道，国家灌溉部门已经找到了解决缺水问题的“解决方案” - 它要求农民不要在本季种植稻谷，因为这种作物需要大量的水才能种植。\n\nThe department has suggested that farmers may go for other cash crop whose cultivation needs less water. The dry spell has pulled down water levels in streams that are vital for irrigation.\n该部门建议农民可以去种植需要较少水分的其他经济作物。干旱已经拉低了对灌溉至关重要的溪流的水位。\n\nFarmers in Kashmir valley, however, say their land is suitable for cultivating rice and it is difficult to grow any other cash crop on them. A cash crop is produced for sale in the market, and not for the grower's own consumption.\n然而，克什米尔山谷的农民说，他们的土地适合种植水稻，而且很难在其上种植任何其他经济作物。经济作物主要在市场上出售，而不是种植者自己消费。\n\n\"Water level is very low this year due to dry winter in Kashmir, but this is the initial stage of paddy farming in Kashmir valley... till full paddy season comes we have expected rains that will end the water shortage and suggested farmers not to panic,\" Kashmir agriculture department director Altaf Aijaz Andrabi said.\n“由于克什米尔干燥的冬季，今年的水位非常低，但这恰恰在克什米尔山谷水稻种植的播种阶段......直到全季稻季来临，我们预计降雨将结束水资源短缺，并建议农民不要恐慌“，克什米尔农业部主任Altaf Aijaz Andrabi说。\n\nThe irrigation department issued the advisory in the last week of March, asking farmers in north Kashmir not to sow paddy this season due to water scarcity.\n在3月的最后一周，农业灌溉部门发布了咨询意见，由于水资源短缺，要求克什米尔北部的农民不能在本季播种水稻。\n\nThe farmers are also wary of a drought as hundreds of them depend on rainwater that collects in their paddy fields over a period of time before the planting process begins. Later, they take water from streams to irrigate the crop.\n农民也对干旱保持警惕，在种植过程开始前的一段时间数百人依靠雨水收集水源。后来，他们从河流中取水灌溉作物。\n\nThe state agriculture department is working on a contingency plan.\n国家农业部门正在制定应急计划。",
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      "title": "Don't Grow Rice: Official Solution To Kashmir Rice Farmers' Water Crisis 不种稻米：克什米尔农民水危机的正式解决方案"
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      "body": "Is anybody worried about China selling U.S.treasuries?\n\nReddit红迪网：有没有人担心中国抛售美国债券啊？\nAjgbaby\nAs I understand it, China is the largestholder of U.S. debt and Japan is 2nd. Japan is already starting to reduce itstreasury purchases. If China sells off U.S. treasuries that means the yieldswill rise and companies across the country will be less inclined to tacking onmore debt. This comes at a time when the market is already extremely leveragedAND when the fed’s fund rate isincreasing. This will cause cash to dry up in U.S. equities which willslaughter the stock market due to the deleveraging....I’m really not trying to be a contrarian, I’m just wondering if anybody shares this same view?\n\n题主：\n据我所知，中国是美国最大的债券持有人，日本是第二大的。日本已经开始减少购买美国国债了。如果中国抛售美国国债的话，国债收益率会上升，这意味着全国各地的公司会更倾向于增持更多的债券。这种情况会发生在市场已经存在极高的杠杆率，而且美联储的基金利率也正在上升的时候。这将导致美国股市的现金流枯竭，而且由于去杠杆化的原因，这会毁掉股市的。。。。。。我真的不想成为一个反向投资者，我只是想知道是不是有人也有同样的观点？\nNick357\nChina and Japan aren’t the largest holders of US debt. They are the largest foreignholders. The largest holder is the US Govt and then the US Citizens. China ownsonly about 6%.\n中国和日本并不是美国国债的最大持有者。他们只是最大的外国持有者。最大的持有者是美国政府，然后是美国公民。中国仅仅持有约6%的美国国债。\ndvdmovie1\nI am not worried about China selling all ofits treasuries. Am I concerned (and this isn't a new concern, it's been aconcern of mine for some time now) that over the next decade or two theposition of the US on the global stage will erode? Yeah. Am I a bit moreinterested in investing in the emerging market consumer than the US consumer?Yeah, actually.\n\n我不担心中国会抛售掉全部的美国国债。我担心的是：（这也不是一个刚有的担心，我已经担心了有一段时间）未来十年或二十年，美国在全球舞台上的地位会被削弱吗？是的。我对投资新兴市场的消费者比投资美国的消费者更感兴趣吗？实际上，是这样的。\nThere's a lot of doom porn \"financialapocalypse\" stuff that people can come up with at any time and if Itotally got into that then I wouldn't want to invest in anything and curl up inthe fetal position in the corner. \"OMG will China sell off all of itstreasuries?!?!?\" is not a new worry by any means. Will the dollarcollapse?!?!?\n\n任何时候人们都说出很多像“金融启示录”这样的预言，如果我完全陷进去了，那么我就会蜷缩在角落里，不想投资任何东西。“天呐，中国抛售了所有的美国国债？！？！？”无论如何这都不是刚有的一种担忧。美元会崩溃吗？！？！？\nThere's a lot of things that can causesomeone to essentially have decision paralysis and not want to do anything (orif they listen to Peter Schiff, believe that \"gold is the onlysavior\" and hoard that) because of the various possible financial crisesthat people can think up.\n\n有很多事情可以让人们决策瘫痪，不想要有任何行动（或者他们会听彼得希夫的话，相信“黄金是唯一的救星”并大量储备），因为人们可以想出各种各样可能发生的经济危机。\n注释：彼得·D·希夫，是资深的华尔街预言家，奥地利经济学派的坚定拥护者，尤以对股市、商品、黄金和美元表现的准确预测见长。\nSo yeah, can things happen? Yes, but theycan happen at any time and I've heard \"will China sell all of itstreasuries\" on multiple occasions over the last several years. I'm a lotmore worried about a slow continued decline in the US than I am somethinghappening overnight.\n\n所以，事情会发生吗？会，但是任何时候都可能会发生，而且我过去几年在很多场合下都听到过“中国会抛售所有的美国国债吗？”这样的言论。比起一夜之间发生的事情，我更加担心的是美国经济持续缓慢的衰退。\nThisIsTheWater\nThe majority of US debt is held by uscitizens, not foreign governments\n\n大部分的美国债券在我们美国公民身上呢，而不是外国政府。\nryapric\nThis should be higher. Of the ~$21T in USdebt, only about $6T is held by ALL foreign entities.\n\n（美国公民和机构持有美国国债）这个数量还要更高些。美国21万亿国债中，外国持有的所有国债只有大约6万亿。\nSpcymeatball\nselling bulk treasuries/buying CNY does notseem to be something China would want to do.\nA rapidly strengthening CNY vs USD wouldhave a similar effect as tariffs on all Chinese exports to US.\n\n大量抛售美国债券，购买人民币债券，这似乎并不是中国想做的吧。\n人民币兑美元的汇率快速升值将产生的后果，跟对所有中国出口到美国的产品征收关税一个样。\nImpyKid\nYeah they cant ignore the macroeconomics ofthe situation no matter how badly they want to hurt the US, if they even wantto hurt the US. We have to remember that a lot of China's prosperity is tied tothe US' prosperity too.\n\n是的，无论他们多么想狠狠打击美国，他们都忽略不了宏观经济。我们必须记住，中国的繁荣跟美国的繁荣很大程度上是绑在一起的。\nBroadShoulders07\nhttps://pro.creditwritedowns.com/2018/04/china-cannot-use-its-treasury-holdings-as-leverage-heres-why.html\nHere’s a great write-up on why China cannot use its UST holdings asleverage.\ntl;dr Chinese currency is pegged to thedollar. As a result Chinese purchase of UST are non-discretionary they buydollars and ultimately invest them in UST. Also, current account surplus withUS means they essentially need to buy UST. Market for treasuries is massive andlikely can handle even large scale sale of UST’s by China.\n\n链接这篇文章很好地解释了为什么中国不能利用其持有的美国国债作为杠杆。\n文章太长了我没细看。人民币与美元是挂钩的。因此中国购买美国国债并不是随意的，他们购买美元并最终用美元来投资美国国债。同时，美国账户上经常有盈余，这意味着他们根本就需要购买美国国债的。美国国债的市场是很大的，而且就算中国大规模抛售持有的美国国债，情况也是可能得到控制的。\narindale\nTo be more specific, CHina is the largestforeign government owner of US debt, but they don't own all that much (approx1.18 trillion of about $21 trillion in total US debt) as of Jan 2018.\n\n更具体地说，中国是持有美国国债最多的外国政府，但是截至2018年1月，他们并没有持有很多（在美国约21万亿美元的总债务中占大约1.18万亿美元）。\nInTheWhaleRoo\nYour cause and affect are way off. If Chinadumps treasuries, someone still has to buy it, and the US gov can buy them inunlimited number.\n\n你们的分析错得离谱。如果中国抛售美国国债，那还是要有人买的，而美国政府可以无限量地购买这些债券。\nabasoglu\nI wouldn't get too worried about USTreasury sales just yet. If China tried to sell all of its US Treasuries in asudden burst, they would likely be the biggest losers. That's because thesteep, sudden decline in Treasury prices would hit their realized price fortheir sales.\n\n我现在倒是不太担心美国国债被抛售。如果中国试图突然间抛售掉所有的美国国债，那么他们可能是最大的输家。这是因为美国国债价格急剧下跌的话，会影响到他们卖出的实际价格。\njdrvero\nHistorically speaking, I believe thisresembles the problems we had with japan for a long time in the 1980's. We rana huge trade deficit and they bought tons of treasuries. We survived that,pretty sure we will be fine here too.\n\n从历史上看，我认为这跟1980年代我们与日本长期存在的问题很类似。我们有很大的贸易赤字，而他们购买了我们大量的国债。我们安全渡过了难关，我很确定我们这次也会顺利的。",
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      "title": "Is anybody worried about China selling U.S.treasuries?  Reddit红迪网：有没有人担心中国抛售美国债券啊？"
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      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttp://tieba.baidu.com/p/5648615008",
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      "body": "Many families who have enrolled in Obamacare are finding ittoo expensive. In fact, some are choosing not to seek care because of theexpense. (Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\n很多参与奥巴马医改方案的家庭认为其费用过高。事实上，有一些家庭由于费用原因选择放弃治疗。\n\n![ocare-enrollment-1280x720.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmSeuMbaoghkD53dzvc9VkCMS7PDQnCGPayF29M2x9a8Jn/ocare-enrollment-1280x720.jpg)\nWhen the Affordable Care Act was passed in 2010, itssupporters celebrated the legislation, calling it a landmark bill that wouldmake Americans healthier and lower health care costs for families. Eight yearslater, it’s clearer than ever the ACA’s “Obamacare” exchanges have done quitethe opposite. Not only are health care costs skyrocketing, the health insuranceprovided by Obamacare is so expensive for people to use that millions moreAmericans are now choosing not to go to the doctor — even when they’re sick orinjured.\n《平价医疗法案》于2010年通过伊始，其支持者弹冠相庆，称本法案在保障美国人民健康和享受低价医保方面具有里程碑意义。然而八年过去了，种种迹象显示，该法案的直接成果-奥巴马医疗法案极大加重了患者的经济负担。不仅医疗费用再创新高，就是法案下数以百万投保人员如今都不去就医-就算他们患病或者受伤了也不去。\nAccording to a survey by the West Health Institute and NORCat the University of Chicago, 47 percent of respondents said within the past 12months they chose not to see a doctor or dentist because of the high cost ofhealth care. Four-in-10 said they elected not to pursue a recommended medicaltreatment or test.\n根据一份由西方健康研究所和设在芝加哥大学的国家民意研究中心共同调查的报告显示，47%的受访者表示，由于费用高昂，过去12个月他们没有去过门诊部或者牙医诊所。40%的受访者称他们决定不遵医嘱进行治疗或者诊断。\n\nEven more disturbingly, 44 percent claimed they avoidedseeing a doctor on at least one occasion while sick or injured because ofcosts. Twenty-nine percent said they chose not to see a doctor while sick orinjured “more than once.” Forty percent said they are “extremely/very afraid”of getting “seriously ill” because of high health care costs.\n更令人作呕的是，44%的受访者称由于费用因素，他们不去就医或者在患病或受伤时有过一次不去就医的经历。29%的受访者称他们“不止一次”在患病或受伤时选择放弃寻求治疗。40%的受访者称他们因为医疗费过高而“非常惧怕”自己“患大病。”\n\nThe survey included only those who self-identified asinsured. About two-thirds of respondents reported having private healthinsurance. Twenty-seven percent said they received their insurance fromMedicare. Only 7 percent said they were enrolled in Medicaid.\n本次调查中只有2人认为自己有医保。三分之二的受访者表示他们有私人医疗保险。27%的受访者表示他们有联邦医疗照顾保险。仅有7%的人有贫困医疗补助保险。\n\n\nThese results are a dramatic departure from several similarsurveys conducted over the past two decades. For instance, in 2014, theAssociated Press and NORC conducted a survey that found only 19 percent ofprivately insured individuals choose not to go to the doctor because of costs.Only 18 percent said they avoided “preventive and recommended care.”\n本次调查的结果与近二十年来的数份同类调查的结果大相径庭。例如，2014年美联社和国家民意调查中心的共同调查显示已投保私人医保公司的调查人群中仅有19%因为费用原因拒绝就医。只有18%的受访者表示自己不会寻求“预防性和推荐治疗。”\nSimilarly, a Gallup survey found in 2001 that 19 percent ofAmericans said they or a family member had over the previous 12 months “put offany sort of medical treatment because of cost.” In 2014, Gallup determined theanswer to that question had risen to 33 percent, which is a remarkable increasebut still 10 percentage points lower than the recent West Health-NORC survey.\n与上文那份报告相似，盖洛普咨询公司在2001年的调查报告中称有19%的美国民众表示他们自己或者亲属在过去12个月“因为费用原因而放弃任何形式的治疗。”在2014年，盖洛普表示这个数字攀升至33%，虽然与19%比已经有了显著的增加但与西方健康研究所和国家民意调查中心发表的报告中的数据对比还是少了10个百分点。\nFurther, from the mid-2000s to the passage of the AffordableCare Act, there was virtually no movement in Gallup’s survey results on thisquestion. Only after Obamacare was instituted did significantly more Americansbegin to claim they had to stay away from their doctors, even while sick,because health care had become too expensive.\n在这，从2005年到《平价医疗法案》通过的2010年，盖洛普的调查数据基本没有过明显变化。而就在奥巴马医疗方案实施后，越来越多的美国民众开始认为他们应该远离医生，就算病了也是如此，就是因为医疗成本实在太高了。\n\nThe sharp increase in the number of people avoiding theirdoctors is almost certainly the result of the increasing health insurance coststhat have occurred in the wake of the Affordable Care Act’s passage. In 2018alone, health care premiums for Silver Plans — the benchmark ACA insurance plan— sold on an Obamacare exchange increased by a shocking 31 percent, accordingto an analysis by Health Pocket. Health Pocket also reports the averageObamacare Silver Plan premium is now $477 for a 30-year-old and greater than$1,100 for 60-year-olds.\n拒绝就医人数的攀升几乎就可以归结于法案通过带来的医疗费用的增加。用一位来自保险公司健康口袋的分析师的话来说，仅2018年白银计划（译注：奥巴马医保有四个等级，青铜、白银、黄金、白金，其中白金最高）-医保中较为基础的一款计划-续费费用就增加了31%。该公司还称在白银计划中平均一位30岁的投保人年费是477美元（约合人民币2993.13元），而平均一位60岁的投保人保费是1110美元（约合人民币6902.39元）！\nPremiums are just the tip of the Obamacare iceberg, however,especially because many people who purchase their insurance plans on Obamacareexchanges receive government subsidies. Deductibles — the total amount thatmust be paid out of pocket for many services before a health insurer picks upthe full cost of a service — are a much better indicator of just how bad theObamacare crisis has become.\n年费的问题还只是奥巴马医改方案中众多问题中的一个，毕竟不少该方案下的投保人会得到政府补贴。自付额-即投保人在保险公司结算之前必须自己支付的金额-是奥巴马医改方案中明显有缺陷的一环。\nThe average deductible for a family purchasing a Bronze Planon an Obamacare exchange is now $12,186. The average family Silver Plandeductible is $8,292, although the average maximum annual out-of-pocket costfor Silver Plan families is greater than $13,700.\n一个家庭投保青铜计划后平均的自付额是12186美元（约合人民币76465.93元）。投保白银计划的家庭平均自付额是8292美元（约合人民币52031.47元），而一个家庭投保白银计划最多情况下需要支付13700美元（约合人民币85966.13元）的年费。\nWith deductibles this high, health insurance for most lower-and middle-income individuals and families becomes useless, even if they areeligible to receive subsidies that help offset higher health insurancepremiums.\n鉴于自付额之高，就算他们可以获得政府补贴以减轻高昂年费带来的压力，医保对于中低收入者和家庭而言已然无用。\nThe problem isn’t limited to Obamacare, either. The ACAimposed significant regulations, fines, and mandates that distorted the entirehealth insurance marketplace, causing health care costs to rise for everyone,regardless of whether they receive health insurance from an employer or from anObamacare exchange.\n当然，这不全是奥巴马医改方案的错。《平价医改法案》中制定了相当数量的规章、罚款、审批，搅得整个医疗保险市场不得安宁，最终导致医疗费用超出了所有人的负担能力，无论他们是否有员工保险还是有符合奥巴马医改方案规定的保险。\nIt’s true that people enrolled in Medicare or Medicaid arepartially immune to some of these health insurance cost increases, but theyface plenty of unique health care challenges of their own. For instance, about30 percent of doctors don’t accept new Medicaid patients, in large part becausereimbursement rates are so low. In some states, such as New Jersey, researchhas shown a majority of doctors refuse to see new Medicaid patients. In manycases, finding a good specialist is particularly difficult for Medicaidrecipients.\n联邦医疗照顾保险和贫困医疗补助保险的投保人群的确在一定程度上没有受到医保费用增加带来的冲击，但此类人群就医仍然困难重重。比如，约有30%的医生拒绝接受有贫困医疗补助保险的新病人，很大程度是由于给医生的报酬太低。以新泽西州为例，调查人员发现医生拒绝有贫困医疗补助保险的新病人是一个普遍现象。不少实际情况中，找到一个有针对性的医师对于此类参保人员尤为困难。\nAmerica’s health care system has had numerous problems for manydecades, but Obamacare did nothing to fix them. Instead, it created an evenmore dysfunctional, bloated, bureaucratic model and forced everyone to join itor be greatly affected by it. Obamacare has been a complete and utter disaster,and without significant reforms, it will only get worse in the coming years.\n数十年来，美国的医疗体制有着数不清的问题，然而奥巴马医改方案并未针对性的解决这些问题。相反，它使得现行体制变得更加运行不畅、臃肿官僚；它强迫人人加入或者因为不加入而深受其苦。奥巴马医改方案是一个不折不扣的灾难，倘若不进行重大改革，它会在未来带来更大的麻烦。",
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      "body": "Trump: US, France and UK launch strikes on Syria\nwww.cnn.com\n川皇：美法英打击叙利亚\n![timg (3).jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmZMbvQRsUkdA6zpJRk6hbYzzWsSLE1WyZudPzkr6RnwJi/timg%20(3).jpg)\n华盛顿（美国有线电视新闻网）美国总统唐纳德特朗普星期五宣布，他因上周末化学武器袭击而下令攻击叙利亚政权。\n\n\"I ordered the United States armed forces to launch precision strikes on targets associated with the chemical weapon capabilities of Syrian dictator of Bashar al-Assad,\" Trump said from the White House Diplomatic Reception Room.\n“我命令美国武装部队对与叙利亚独裁者巴沙尔阿萨德的化学武器能力有关的目标进行精确打击，”特朗普在白宫外交接待室说。\n\nWitnesses told CNN that they heard explosions in the capital city of Damascus and that they began while Trump was making his address.\nUS aircraft including B-1 bombers and ships were used in the attack, according to multiple US defense officials.\n目击者告诉美国有线电视新闻网，他们在首都大马士革听到爆炸声，他们在特朗普发表演说时就开始了。\n据多名美国国防官员透露，袭击中使用了包括B-1轰炸机和舰只在内的美国飞机。\n\nTrump said that he decided to take action because last weekend's action by Bashar Al-Assad \"was a significant attack against his own people,\" and \"not the actions of a man, they are crimes of a monster instead.\"\n特朗普表示，他决定采取行动，因为上周末巴沙尔·阿萨德的行动“是对他自己人民的重大攻击”，“而不是一个人的行为，他们是一个怪物犯罪行为。”\n\nTrump said the strikes were in coordination with France and the United Kingdom, adding that the purpose of the campaign is to \"establish a strong deterrent against the production, spread and use of chemical weapons.\"\n特朗普称军事打击行动将与法国和联合王国协调一致，并补充说，这场运动的目的为“对化学武器的生产，传播和使用形成强有力的威慑”。\n\n\"The combined American, British and French response to these atrocities will integrate all instruments of our national power: military, economic and diplomatic,\" Trump said.\n“应对这些暴行，美国，英国和法国将联合整合我们国家权力的所有手段：军事，经济和外交”，特朗普说。\n\nUK Prime Minister Theresa May said in a statement that she \"authorized British armed forces to conduct co-ordinated and targeted strikes to degrade the Syrian Regime's chemical weapons capability and deter their use.\"\n英国首相特蕾莎·梅在一份声明中称，她“授权英国武装部队进行协调和有针对性的打击，以降低叙利亚政权的化学武器能力并阻止其使用”。\n\nTrump indicated the strikes would continue until the Syrian regime's use of chemical weapons ends.\n特朗普表示打击将持续到叙利亚政权不再使用化学武器。\n\n\"We are prepared to sustain this response until the Syrian regime stops its use of prohibited chemical agents,\" Trump said.\n特朗普说：“我们准备维持这种回应，直到叙利亚政权停止使用的化学制剂为止。”\n\nTwo US officials said attacks could continue beyond tonight, with a senior administration official saying \"this isn't over.\"\nThe senior administration official said, \"What you've seen tonight is not the end of the US response. They have built a lot of flexibility into the plan to allow for further strikes based on what they've hit tonight.\"\n两名美国官员表示袭击事件今晚可能会持续，一位高级政府官员表示“这还没有结束”。\n这位高级政府官员说：“你今晚看到的并不是美国最后的应对措施，他们为该计划提供了很大的灵活性，以便根据他们今晚袭击的情况采取进一步的行动。”\n\nA US official says a big concern is how much more sophisticated Russia's capabilities are now compared to last year. The source says they are 'significantly enhanced' in terms of anti-strike and anti-aircraft capabilities.\n一位美国官员说，一个令人担忧的问题是俄罗斯现在的能力与去年相比是否有提高。消息人士称，在抗打击和防空能力方面，它们“显着增强”。\n\nPart of the calculation this week has also been gaming out how Russia will respond. \"We are watching what Russians do in the next 24 hours,\" the official said, adding that there will be intelligence collection to see what Russians are up to in the wake of the strikes, such as turning on their systems or talking about retaliating.\n本周行动内容部分考虑到俄罗斯将如何回应。 “我们正在观察俄罗斯人在接下来的24小时内做些什么，”该官员说，并补充说将收集情报，以了解俄罗斯人在打击后应该做什么，比如开启对话或谈论报复。\n\nThe President also insisted that the US would not remain engaged in Syria forever under any circumstances. He has previously told his national security team he wants US troops to exit Syria within six months.\n总统还坚称，美国不会在叙利亚事务上久拖不决。他曾告诉他的国家安全小组，他希望美军在六个月内退出叙利亚。\n\n\"America does not seek an indefinite presence in Syria,\" Trump said from the White House. \"As other nations step up their contributions we look forward to the day we can bring our warriors home.\"\n“美国不会在叙利亚寻求无限期的存在，”特朗普从白宫说。 “随着其他国家加强他们的贡献，我们期待着把我们的勇士带回家的那一天。”\n\nTrump told the nation in his address the US \"cannot purge the world of evil or act everywhere there is tyranny.\"\n特朗普在美国的讲话中告诉美国：“无法清除邪恶世界或到处都有暴政。”【译者：没翻译好】\n\nAnd he described the Middle East as a \"troubled place.\"\n他称中东是一个“麻烦的地方”。\n\n\"We will try to make it better but it is a troubled place,\" Trump said. \"The US will be a partner and a friend. But the fate of the region lies in the hands of its own people.\"\n“我们会尽力让它变得更好，但它是一个麻烦的地方，”特朗普说。 “美国将成为伙伴和朋友，但该地区的命运将掌握在自己的人民手中。”\n\nHe criticized Russia's support of the Syrian regime saying \"Russia must decide if it will continue down this dark path.\"\nTrump also called out Russia's promise in 2013 that they would guarantee the elimination of Syria's chemical weapons.\n他批评俄罗斯支持叙利亚政权说：“俄罗斯必须决定它是否会继续走这条黑暗之路。”\n特朗普还呼吁俄罗斯恪守在2013年承诺保证消除叙利亚的化学武器。",
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      "body": "Chinesefacial recognition company becomes world's most valuable AI start-up\n\n【雅虎】中国一家面部识别公司成为全球最具价值的人工智能创业公司\n\n![timg (1).jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmUxU6CULwKfgHB7eHtkHVaLZxwbzwYyY6FY4t9sWiya8n/timg%20(1).jpg)\n\n\n中国官方通过面部识别技术提升国家监视系统（天眼）的计划近期有了大进展，一个国家技术团队成功开发出所需技术。公司名为商汤（SenseTime），主要从事个体识别与追踪的研究工作，这家公司曾经获得阿里巴巴公司6亿美元的C轮融资。\n\nThe companyis working on facial and object recognition technology that accurately can spotpeople using cameras, recently demonstrated on CCTV in Beijing.\n\n该公司正在致力于发展面部和物体识别技术，最近在中国中央电视台进行了一次演示，这项技术可以准确地通过摄像头在茫茫人海中识别出目标人物。\n\nHonda isusing SenseTime for its driverless car research and development and it is alsobeing used at shopping counters that allows customers to check-out using theirfaces.\n\n本田公司使用了商汤的技术研究和发展无人驾驶汽车项目。一些商场专柜也开始使用这项技术，方便客户直接刷脸结账。\n\nSenseTimealready smashed the record for AI funding, beating British competitor DeepMindwhich was bought by Google for an estimated 400m in 2014, and in 2017 received$410million in its second round of funding.\n\n商汤公司目前已成为世界上最有价值的人工智能创业公司，一举击败了英国的竞争者DeepMind公司，2014年，DeepMind被谷歌收购，估价约4亿美元。2017年，商汤公司曾获得高通公司B轮融资4.1亿美元。\n\ncompanydid not disclose its value but Reuters reported that insiders estimated thecompany could be worth $4.5bn.\n\n该公司没有透露其估价，但据路透社报道，业内人士估计该公司可能价值45亿美元。\n\n\n\nUSuniversity Massachusetts Institute for Technology is working with SenseTime forits research into “human and machine intelligence”. It is already working with40 local governments in China which use its CCTV recognition, helping spotpeople of interest during festivals and in airports.\n\n美国马萨诸塞州大学技术研究所与商汤一起从事“人类和机器智能化”的研究工作。在中国，已经有大约40个地方政府利用安装有该系统的闭路电视摄像机进行识别和定位，尤其是在节假日期间或者机场等人潮拥挤的地方进行搜寻工作。\n\nSenseTime ispartly funded by Qualcomm, a chip-company that US president Donald Trumpblocked from what would have been one of the biggest technology mergers inhistory. Mr Trump quashed Qualcomm's planned purchase of another Americanchipmaker over concerns it would risk national security.\n\n商汤公司的投资中有部分来自于由美国的高通芯片公司，这家公司所计划的有史以来最大规模的技术并购早些时候被总统唐纳德·特朗普阻止。总统先生否决了另一家美国芯片制造商收购高通的申请，担心这样做会危及国家安全。\n\nThepartnership would allow Qualcomm to use SenseTime's algorithms in smartphonesor devices using its chips.\n\n由于与商汤公司的合作伙伴关系，高通未来可以在其智能手机和其他设备芯片上使用由商汤提供的算法。\n\nChina is hopingto become the international leader in AI, and industry which it hopes will beworth $63.3bn by 2025. It is already using facial recognition at borders todetect registration plates and drivers' faces.\n\n中国希望成为人工智能领域的全球领跑者，预计到2025年，该行业的价值将达到633亿美元。当前，中国已经开始在边境上使用面部识别来检测车牌和驾驶员的面部特征。\n\nIt has beenestimated that AI could add an additional 630bn to the UK economy by 2035 anindependent review commissioned by the government as part of its IndustrialStrategy found.\n\n据英国工业独立委员会估计，到2035年，人工智能产业作为其工业战略的一部分，将为英国额外提供6300亿英镑的经济增长量。",
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      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://www.independent.co.uk/news/rice-seawater-chinese-scientists-food-200-million-a8017971.html",
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      "body": "![china-rice-salt-water.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmfVDdgPEgU8SMky6mdMaFQrhDDrYog3L5f7z28LVPH4jF/china-rice-salt-water.jpg)\nChinese scientists develop rice that can grow in seawater, potentially creating enough food for 200 million people\n中国科学家开发出可以在海水中生长的水稻，可为2亿人提供足够的食物\n\nGrains being grown in salty water produced almost treble the expected amount of rice \n\n这种在咸水中生长的谷物将使水稻的预期产量提高两倍\n\nhttp://www.independent.co.uk/news/rice-seawater-chinese-scientists-food-200-million-a8017971.html\n\n\n\nScientists in China have developed several types of rice that can be grown in seawater, potentially creating enough food for 200 million people.\n\n中国科学家已经开发出多种可以在海水中生长的水稻，可为2亿人提供足够的食物。\n\nResearchers have been trying to grow the grain in salty water for decades but have only now developed varieties that could be commercially viable.\n\n研究人员数十年来曾努力在咸水中种植这种谷物，但直到现在才开发出具有商业价值的品种。\n\nThe rice was grown in a field near the Yellow Sea coastal city of Qingdao in China’s eastern Shandong province. 200 different types of the grain were planted to investigate which would grow best in salty conditions. \n\n这种水稻种植在中国东部省份山东的黄海沿海城市青岛附近的一块地里。为了研究哪种谷物在高盐环境下生长的最好，田地里种植着200种不同的谷物。\n\nSea water was pumped into the fields, diluted and then channelled into the rice paddies.\n\n海水被泵入这块地，经稀释之后通过沟渠流入稻田。\n\nThe scientists expected to produce 4.5 tonnes of rice per hectare but the crops exceeded expectations, in one case delivering up to 9.3 tonnes per hectare.\n\n科学家期望每公顷土地生产4.5吨的大米，但产量超出预期，其中一个样本每公顷最多可以生产9.3吨。\n\n\"The test results greatly exceeded our expectations,\" Liu Shiping, a professor of agriculture at Yangzhou University who is involved in the project, told Xinhua.\n\n“试验结果大大超出了我们的预期，”曾参与过该项目的扬州大学农业教授刘世平告诉新华社。\n\nThere are one million square kilometres of land in China where crops do not grow because of high salinity. Scientists hope the development of the new rice will allow some of these areas to be used for agriculture.\n\n中国有一百万平方千米的土地因为盐分过高而不能生长作物。科学家希望开发这种新型水稻能够使那些土地中的一部分能够用于农业生产。\n\nIf even a tenth of these areas were planted with rice, they could produce 50 million tonnes of food – enough to feed 200 million people and boost China’s rice production by 20 per cent.\n\n即使那些土地只有10%能够种植水稻，他们就能生产5000万吨的食物，足够养活2亿人，并使中国的大米产量提高20%。\n\nThe new type of rice was developed by a team led by 87-year-old Yuan Longping, who has spent decades trying to breed rice to grow in different conditions. The Chinese government has been investigating how to grow rice in salty waters since the 1970s.\n\n这种新型水稻是由87岁的袁隆平率领的团队开发出来的，袁曾经花费数十年，努力在不同条件下培育水稻品种。中国政府从1970年代就开始研究如何在咸水中种植水稻。\n\nMr Yuan said: \"If a farmer tries to grow some types of saline-tolerant rice now, they most likely will get 1,500 kilogrammes per hectare. That is just not profitable and not even worth the effort.\n\n袁先生说：“如果农民现在尝试种植某些品种的耐盐水稻，很可能每公顷只有1.5吨的产量。这就太无利可图了，甚至不值得下功夫。”\n\n\"Farmers will have an incentive to grow the rice if we can double the yield.”\n\n“如果我们能使产量翻倍，农民将会有积极性种植这种水稻。”\n\nThe saltwater rice is currently on sale for around 50 yuan (￡6) per kilogramme – around eight times more than ordinary rice. Despite the cost, six tons of the grain have already been sold, with consumers praising its flavour and texture.\n\n咸水稻现在的出售价格大约是50元（6英镑）每千克，大约是普通水稻的八倍。尽管它的成本很高，已经有六吨这种水稻被售出，销售者称赞它的味道和质地。\n\nThe rice is also thought to have several health benefits, including being high in calcium.\n\n这种稻米也被认为拥有多种健康价值，包括含钙高。",
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      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttp://www.unhcr.org/news/latest/2013/11/528f66086/chinese-schools-offer-primary-education-urban-refugees.html",
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