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      "body": "@@ -3820,16 +3820,18 @@\n %0A%0A**NOTE\n+ 1\n :** I ju\n@@ -4026,8 +4026,254 @@\n chedule.\n+%0A%0A**NOTE 2:** It is obvious that it is advisable to review non-standard trading strategies with _ulema/religious scholars_ on their permissibility in religious law, especially with regards to _gharar-maysir/speculation-gambling_ and _riba/usury_.\n",
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      "author": "tiferet",
      "body": "The Tree of Life, or Etz haChayim (עץ החיים) has upvoted you with divine emanations of G-ds creation itself ex nihilo. We reveal Light by transforming our Desire to Receive for Ourselves to a Desire to Receive for Others. I am part of the Curators Guild (Sephiroth), through which Ein Sof (The Infinite) reveals Itself!",
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      "body": "@@ -3804,16 +3804,228 @@\n ect to _jiziah_.\n+%0A%0A**NOTE:** I just got the remark that I forgot to mention that _sadaqah_ i.e. _extra/general charitable contributions_ are always permitted independent of the standard zakaat appropriation/contribution schedule.\n",
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      "author": "eriksank",
      "body": "I have had a long conversation yesterday with someone about trading in cryptocurrencies and the requirements of religious law. The person is generally a keeper of religious law, but he was still inadvertently and unknowingly involved in behaviour that is forbidden in religious law.\n\nEven though religious law is quite similar in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, it has also become clear to me that only Islamic law is axiomatic and mechanical. Its rules are effectively calculable. David Hilbert's pernicious _Entscheidungsproblem_ about the predicate function _isMoral(behaviour)_ does not seem to occur in Sharia.\n\nChristianity, on the other hand, has the problem of the _living magisterium_ of the Church, where religious law is not fixed until the very point at which the clergy has interpreted and adjudicated it. In Christianity, the law is not an axiomatic or mechanical device.\n\nThat problem has historically yielded a lot of trouble in Christianity. Cfr. the notorious event in Worms, Germany, where Martin Luther's argument through _scripture and reason_ was rejected by the Papacy on grounds that _the Bible itself is the arsenal whence each heresiarch has drawn his deceptive arguments_.\n\nThe outcome of the conflict in Worms, Germany, firmly establishes the idea in Christianity that the scriptures are not a valid source of law in absence of centralized, hierarchical re-interpretation. Lack of consistency is also never a valid ground for challenging clerical authority.\n\nTherefore, for _interpretation/tafsir_ and _jurisprudence/fiqh_, I always fall back on Islamic law and its entirely mechanical devices, where every axiomatic derivation from scripture is always accepted as valid, subject to verification leading up to _consensus/ijma_.\n\nA _hodling_ trading strategy is an approach in which the cryptocurrency holder does not trade. He just keeps his savings away from the thieving and usury-infested hands of the fiat banksters. This strategy is obviously valid. _Hodling_ amounts to _doing nothing_, while _doing nothing_ with an asset is obviously permitted in religious law, on the condition that the hodler pays _charity contributions/zakaat_ to the tune of 2.5% of his stash.\n\nFor example, if you hodl 10 BTC, you are supposed to give away 2.5% = 0.25 BTC to the poor, the needy, the stranded travelers or a few other categories of legitimate zakaat recipients (8 in total). The Zakaat levy is final and no new requirements can exist for this stash.\n\nA second trading strategy is one in which the cryptocurrency holder seeks to buy at a discount, say 100%-5%=95%, and sells at a premium, say 100%+5%=105%. He makes money from flipping the coins around the spread.\n\nThis liquidity-providing, market-making strategy does not assume anything about future prices. Hence, it is not a form _speculation-gambling/gharar-maysir_. Furthermore, one currency is always traded for a different one, and never for itself (such as in derivatives). Hence, there is also no risk of _riba/usury_.\n\nOther trading strategies may or may not be permitted in religious law.\n\nThere is, however, always this concern about _speculation-gambling/gharar-maysir_ and _usury/riba_. Your alternative trading strategy must never assume future prices. If your trading strategy only makes money when the market prices go up/down, then it may be _speculation-gambling/gharar-maysir_, which is prohibited in religious law.\n\nIt is really important to pay _zakaat/voluntary charity contributions_, if only, because it spares you from paying _jiziah/taxes to the heathens_, such as personal income tax or capital gains tax.\n\nThe _non bis in idem_ (\"not two times on the same\") taxation principle will cover your approach. Religious law insists that zakaat payers are exempt from _jiziah_. Only the heathens are subject to _jiziah_.",
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      "author": "eriksank",
      "body": "> The economy - [the Pope warned](http://www.lastampa.it/2018/04/07/vaticaninsider/eng/world-news/the-popes-appeal-to-economists-to-reject-an-economy-of-exclusion-ZwXu8RgTq0ELuLV5rqB8rL/pagina.html) - cannot attempt only to increase profits by reducing the work force and thereby adding to the ranks of the excluded. It must follow the path marked out by business leaders, politicians, thinkers, and leaders in society who place the human person in first place, and do everything possible to ensure that there are opportunities of dignified work. Let us raise our voices together, asking that economists may have the courage to reject an economy of exclusion and know how to open new paths.\n\nThis is not the first time that we live through a massive transformation. When in the 19th century the subsistence farmers started joining the industrial economy, it also caused an upheaval.\n\nConcerning \"_It must follow the path marked out business leaders, politicians ..._\", the papacy is naive to believe that anybody knows what the future state of the economy and the labour market will be. Read my lips: absolutely nobody knows. In those circumstances, central planning is simply absurd.\n\nEspecially _politicians_. Seriously, what the hell do they know about where all of this is heading? Why ask exactly the biggest idiots for advice? The ongoing changes are fueled by technology. For heaven's sake, what do politicians understand about technology? Seriously, what do they understand about anything at all?\n\nConcerning \"_The economy cannot attempt only to increase profits by reducing the work force ..._\", I can only underline that morality is about forbidden/mandatory behaviours and never about outcomes. As Immanuel Kant pointed out in his _Kritik der reinen Vernunft_, all morality must consist of categorical imperatives. Hypothetical (outcome-based) imperatives are not allowed in morality, because their soundness ultimately always require access to the Theory of Everything; which we simply do not have.\n\nThe papacy had better axiomatically derive his claims from religious law.\n\nThe Papacy's disregard for religious law as an axiomatic foundation of morality disturbs me. What would be wrong about proceeding through scripture and reason?\n\nIt is still the same mentality with which the erstwhile Papacy retorted to Martin Luther that \"_the Bible itself is the arsenal whence each heretic has drawn his deceptive arguments_\".\n\nNobody knew what would happen when the subsistence farmers, in large numbers, morphed into industrial workers. Every form of upfront planning would have completely missed the ball, and would only have made the problem worse.",
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      "author": "eriksank",
      "body": "@@ -91,83 +91,123 @@\n  BTC\n-, while the channel counter-party  does not need to put in any money at all\n+. The counter-party would have to fund his own outgoing channel with his counter-party, but that is another problem\n . Th\n",
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      "body": "@@ -2566,13 +2566,10 @@\n uch \n-about\n+of\n  sex\n",
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      "body": "Technology has primarily, and still displaces, assembly-line workers and paper pushers.\n\nAnybody repeating the same operation all over again, especially within the same workday, will eventually find himself displaced.\n\nAnother problem is that other jobs in which you can keep repeating the same operation all over again throughout the day, are also being automated away.\n\nWhat we are witnessing is the wholesale generalization of a core principle in software engineering: [Don't repeat yourself](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%27t_repeat_yourself). If you are repeating yourself, you are doing something wrong, and it will not last long before it will backfire.\n\nHence, if you experience what you are doing as boring, the activity is dangerous in more than one way. Boredom is, in fact, a warning signal.\n\nThe education system focuses on training the children for repetitive (aka, \"boring\") work, aka assembly line or paper pushing. The education system teaches them to accept boredom as normal, while it is not.\n\nIt may have been normal in the 19th and 20th century industrial society, but that was an anomaly. It is dangerous in nature, because it makes you too predictable for predators and for prey. Nature is simply re-asserting itself. A taste for, or a dependency on, boring work is dangerous, because these jobs are rapidly disappearing.\n\nWe experience boredom when our environment does not produce enough [Shannon entropy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy_\\(information_theory\\)). Nassim Taleb also warned for that problem in \"Antifragile: things that benefit from disorder\". \n\nWe are fundamentally antifragile. Hence, we benefit -- up to a certain point -- from disorder.\n\nThe information that reaches us from our environment must contain enough disorder, or else, we will not just get bored but also lose the ability to deal with disorder.\n\nThe less disorderly information a job produces, or requires you to produce, the easier it is to automate. Hence, it is the same problem all over again.\n\nSo, yes, the kids are bored, and the education system is busy destroying the next generation in certainly more than one way.\n\nThere is a long list of things that the education system does, that will inevitably lead to insurmountable problems. There is a long list of dangerous, red alerts.\n\nIt is quite simple to demonstrate that the education system is even busy destroying the ability to engage in sound sexual reproduction. Mixing teenagers of both genders was already a dangerous experiment. Apparently, quite a few of these girls no longer think much about sex, to the point that it is apparently even ok for them to [exchange sex for free rent](https://londonist.com/2016/09/the-londoners-who-offer-free-rent-for-sexual-favours), or to get [financial help in exchange for sex to pay off student loans](https://www.thesun.co.uk/fabulous/5437340/woman-who-used-sugar-daddy-to-pay-off-student-debt-says-its-a-fairytale-to-not-expect-to-swap-sex-for-cash). The banality of sex is clearly reaching new lows.\n\nThe growing banality of sex and the fact that adultery easily leads to divorce, are on a collision course. People who believe in the banality of sex are obviously not suitable for marriage.\n\nThe fact that the education system is sending the kids straight to the unemployment queue is actually one of the lesser problems that it is causing. Seriously, there is way worse than that. The situation is very bad; and probably several orders of magnitude worse than you can imagine right now. It is truly catastrophic.",
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      "body": "@@ -3250,32 +3250,44 @@\n fore, we need a \n+self-atomic \n marketplace for \n@@ -3445,16 +3445,28 @@\n of such \n+self-atomic \n marketpl\n",
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      "body": "@@ -3491,17 +3491,18 @@\n uru.biz.\n- \n+%0A%0A\n If you j\n@@ -3707,16 +3707,19 @@\n ng about\n+ it\n , and le\n",
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      "body": "If you intend to spend 1 BTC from a lightning payment channel, you can just fund it with 1 BTC, while the channel counter-party  does not need to put in any money at all. That should allow you to spend up to 1 BTC on the lightning network. \n\nInitially, you cannot receive any money in that channel, because all the money in the channel is yours to begin with.\n\nStill, as you spend money from it, you can start receiving money in it. Imagine that you have spent 0.7 BTC from this channel. That should allow you to receive 0.7 BTC from other people all over the lightning network into that channel.\n\nHence, lightning payment channels from which you have spent money could actually be valuable because you can use them to receive money in. Therefore, you may want to avoid closing them. Still, this is not completely up to you, because your counter-party may also close the channel.\n\nNow imagine that you now need a new channel were you can receive up to 10 BTC of incoming payments?\n\nFirst thing, you fund a channel for 10 BTC, with the counterparty funding 0 BTC.\n\nUnfortunately, all the money in the channel is simply yours. So, redistributing the money between yourself and your counter-party will never increase your own balance.\n\nTherefore, you need to get rid of the money in the payment channel -- without losing it -- in order to make space for incoming payments.\n\nHow do you do that?\n\nThere may  be more than one way to do that. The following way should work too.\n\nYou find a counter-party who wants your 10 lightning BTC in exchange for around 10 on-chain BTC. You carry out an atomic swap with him. So, now you have an empty channel, ready to receive 10 BTC. \n\nYour counter-party however, now has a fuller payment channel. Is this a problem?\n\nYes, if he intends to receive money into that channel.\nNo, if he intends to spend money from that channel.\n\nTherefore, net receivers and net spenders on the lightning network will need a marketplace to swap on-chain and lightning funds with each other. Otherwise, net receivers of lightning funds will increasingly have difficulty receiving funds.\n\nThere is, of course, small problem with this strategy: you already need money to receive new money, and your very first incoming payment will have to be on-chain. Still, from a small, initial payment you can snowball your channels. With 1 BTC on-chain, you can create as many empty channels able to receive 1 BTC as you need. Just lather, rinse, and repeat the procedure described above.\n\nAnother minor issue is that a spending channel can be created with just one on-chain transaction, while a receiving channel will have to be created with two on-chain transactions.\n\nAt this point, we still urgently need to discuss the specifics of the actual smart contracts required to carry out atomic swaps between lightning and on-chain funds.\n\nLike all atomic swaps, everything will obviously again revolve around pay-against-preimage-disclosure.\n\nWe can reasonably assume that the pre-funding of incoming payment channels will soon jump to the forefront once the lightning network really goes live. We must arrange a method to fund empty channels on the lightning network, that can receive money. Otherwise, the entire thing will begin to stall.\n\nTherefore, we need a marketplace for atomic swaps between lightning and on-chain funds.\n \nIf anybody is interested in joining in and work on the nitty-gritty details of the implementation of such marketplace, feel free to let me know at [email protected]. If you just want to build it by yourself, also good, because that would spare me from having to work on it. It would allow me to just complain about this future problem without having to actually do something about, and let someone else do the hard work instead of me! ;-)",
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      "body": "@@ -7,16 +7,20 @@\n opinion,\n+ the\n  number \n",
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      "body": "In my opinion, number one reason why the DDOS attack on github.com was possible, is because of a documentation bug. The [Memcached documentation](https://github.com/memcached/memcached/wiki/ConfiguringServer) discourages restricting Memcached to listening to authorized machines only:\n\n> -l allows you to bind to specific interfaces or IP addresses. Memcached does not spend much, if any, effort in ensuring its defensibility from random internet connections. So you must not expose memcached directly to the internet, or otherwise any untrusted users.\"\n\nNot exposing memcached directly to the internet is not always feasible or even realistic in a cloud situation, while not doing anything at all, is clearly not a solution either. The documentation does not even mention one example for the `- l` option. We need to hunt down examples elsewhere:\n\n[Memcached listen on selected interfaces](https://serverfault.com/questions/609504/memcached-listen-on-selected-interfaces)\n\n> The `-l` option can take [...] a comma separated list of IP addresses. An IP address may have an optional port specification. So, for instance:\n\n> memcached -l 127.0.0.1:11211,127.0.0.1:11212,10.1.2.3 -u 0\n\nMemcached should be made to only listen to the IP addresses of downstream machines for which it caches data. All other machines should be prevented from talking to it.\n\nA second reason for the DDOS problem is that the compromised systems may have been migrated from a private data center to a cloud situation without reviewing the important `-l` and `-u` configurations.",
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      "body": "According to the Venezuelan [Petro whitepaper](https://nem.io/wp-content/themes/nem/files/NEM_techRef.pdf), the Petro (PTR) will be freely tradable. It will allow Venezuela to bypass financial censorship on their US dollar transactions in New York. Venezuela will finally be able to pay for their food imports again.\n\nAll of this assumes that the State oil company, Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PDVSA), will work overtime to swiftly accept PTR payments in exchange for their oil deliveries.\n\nThe presale has commenced already (20 Feb 2018) and the public ICO will be floated next month (20 Mar 2018).\n\nThe Venezuelan State accepts the restriction that it will not be able to make new emissions of PTR. Of course, this should be verifiable in the NEM ICO smart contract.\n\nThe NEM blockchain uses a Proof-of-Importance (PoI) system to prevent double spending. I would like to see the math thoroughly  peer-reviewed in order to verify that the probability over time that attacker of the honest blockchain successfully subverts it, is a Cauchy sequence that converges to zero. There haven't  been any really bad complaints about NEM yet, but in the cryptocurrency field, it usually means that few people have had a serious look at it.\n\nConcerning the NEM software, the current implementation of the [server is closed source](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEM_\\(cryptocurrency\\)). The developers have promised that the C++ rewrite, \"Catapult\", will be open source. This redevelopment problem has now become an urgent matter. It is absolutely unacceptable for smart contracts of sovereign coins to run on secret source. Doing so, violates freedom of information. Therefore, the open-source rewrite must urgently be completed and be published for peer review.\n\nThe [secure client-side NEM wallet](https://blog.nem.io/hot-cold-wallet/) seems to have a proper offline signing procedure but the link to the source code seems to have disappeared from Github. The main NEM wallet, [nanoWallet](https://github.com/NemProject/NanoWallet/issues/394), exposes the seed/secret to the network and must be considered fundamentally insecure. This wallet should not be used for anything more than very small, nominal amounts.\n\nIn my impression, if Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PDVSA) accepts PTR payments for their oil, the coin will be perfectly viable, and be suitable for bypassing New York censorship on US dollar payments.",
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      "body": "According to the Venezuelan [Petro whitepaper](https://nem.io/wp-content/themes/nem/files/NEM_techRef.pdf), the Petro (PTR) will be freely tradable. It will allow Venezuela to bypass financial censorship on their US dollar transactions in New York. Venezuela will finally be able to pay for their food imports again.\n\nAll of this assumes that the State oil company, Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PDVSA), will work overtime to swiftly accept PTR payments in exchange for their oil deliveries.\n\nThe presale has commenced already (20 Feb 2018) and the public ICO will be floated next month (20 Mar 2018).\n\nThe Venezuelan State accepts the restriction that it will not be able to make new emissions of PTR. Of course, this should be verifiable in the NEM ICO smart contract.\n\nThe NEM blockchain uses a Proof-of-Importance (PoI) system to prevent double spending. I would like to see the math thoroughly  peer-reviewed in order to verify that the probability over time that attacker of the honest blockchain successfully subverts it, is a Cauchy sequence that converges to zero. There haven't  been any really bad complaints about NEM yet, but in the cryptocurrency field, it usually means that few people have had a serious look at it.\n\nConcerning the NEM software, the current implementation of the [server is closed source](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEM_\\(cryptocurrency\\)). The developers have promised that the C++ rewrite, \"Catapult\", will be open source. This redevelopment problem has now become an urgent matter. It is absolutely unacceptable for smart contracts of sovereign coins to run on secret source. Doing so, violates freedom of information. Therefore, the open-source rewrite must urgently be completed and be published for peer review.\n\nThe [secure client-side NEM wallet](https://blog.nem.io/hot-cold-wallet/) seems to have a proper offline signing procedure but the link to the source code seems to have disappeared from Github. The main NEM wallet, [nanoWallet](https://github.com/NemProject/NanoWallet/issues/394), exposes the seed/secret to the network and must be considered fundamentally insecure. This wallet should not be used for anything more than very small, nominal amounts.\n\nIn my impression, if Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PDVSA) accepts PTR payments for their oil, the coin will be perfectly viable, and be suitable for bypassing New York censorship on US dollar payments.",
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      "body": "@@ -1267,20 +1267,20 @@\n  really \n-have\n+need\n  to look\n",
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      "body": "@@ -543,20 +543,26 @@\n the \n-b\n+B\n itcoin \n-c\n+C\n ash\n+ (BCH)\n  pay\n",
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