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      "body": "Congratulations @eos9cat! You have completed the following achievement on Steemit and have been rewarded with new badge(s) :\n\n[![](https://steemitimages.com/70x80/http://steemitboard.com/notifications/voted.png)](http://steemitboard.com/@eos9cat) Award for the number of upvotes received\n\n<sub>_Click on the badge to view your Board of Honor._</sub>\n<sub>_If you no longer want to receive notifications, reply to this comment with the word_ `STOP`</sub>\n\n\nTo support your work, I also upvoted your post!\n\n\n**Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:**\n[SteemitBoard and the Veterans on Steemit - The First Community Badge.](https://steemit.com/veterans/@steemitboard/steemitboard-and-the-veterans-on-steemit-the-first-community-badge)\n\n> Do you like [SteemitBoard's project](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)? Then **[Vote for its witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1)** and **get one more award**!",
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{
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      "title": "How to BUY and SELL RAM",
      "body": "### What is the whole big deal about RAM.\n\nWe often see the word \"RAM\" juxtaposed next to EOS on THE daily crypto newsfeed, but what the heck is RAM anyway and why should we keep an eye on its price even for the folks who just only want to dive their heads down into smart contract development. There essentially three type of resources in Eos: bandwidth (Network), computation and computational backlog (CPU) and state storage (RAM). RAM is essentially the gas that fuels each transaction invoked within the smart contract, unlike disk and CPU which are fractional resources acquired through staking tokens, RAM is one which needs to be purchased from eosio.ram with a price pre-determined by the Bancor algorithm. The Bancor algorithm will dynamically facilitate the price base on the current demand and supply of RAM and settles it at a market equilibrium. Therefore, all transaction to buy and sell ram is a unilateral transaction with eosio.ram. The secondary ram market incentivizes those will RAM reserves that have no use of it to sell it to those that need them. Because Eosio endorses a free-for-user philosophy, the burden of running the network falls on the developers. We need to reserve enough RAM for our smart contracts to function properly on the Eos network.  \n\n\n### Buy Ram\n\nThroughout our smart contract development on the EOS platform, we may encounter a situation in which the RAM that we are allocated doesn't fulfill the requirement for deploying the contract. In such cases, we'll need to purchase additional ram with EOS token in order to proceed with contract deployment. This entire process can be accomplished with the CLI tools, namely keosd and cleos, provided by Eos-io. In our previous articles, we have gone through the procedure of setting up a local development environment for testing smart contracts. If you have followed those steps, we can interact with main-net and test-net with the same tools with a few configuration changes.\n\nLet's start by pointing our cleos application to a test-net node instead of our local running nodeosd. We can create an additional alias to register this configuration.\n\n```\nalias cleos-test='docker exec -i keosd /opt/eosio/bin/cleos -u http://jungle.eos9cat.com:8888 --wallet-url http://localhost:8900'\n```\n\nIn the above command, we have created the alias `cleos-test` to quickly interact with the eos test-network node provided by eos9cat. Notice that we are still relying on our local wallet application for handling our private keys. As long as we have the corresponding private key imported in an unlocked wallet.\n\n*Tips: If you want to save the command persistently, you can put the command inside of the file ~/.bashrc if you are on linux and ~/.bash_profile for mac.*\n\n![1.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmR9gqSAaE1VHZp6jvRPL4Fkqqw5j8fichK8e3f2cRHdVv/1.png)\n\nSometimes when you deploy an application contract that contains more complex logic, you might get an error message similar to the above screenshot hinting that the smart contract account has the insufficient ram to deploy the contract. Unlike \nIn such a case, we have to buy more ram from the eosio.ram.\n\nWe can first quickly check our ram allocation by issuing the following command:\n```\ncleos-test get account ${accountname}\n```\n![2.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmQtPRXKgRCxpnYWfKDUEBp18NRScuTMSriCrsZZhPLJsY/2.png)\n\nThe quota attribute under the memory section indicates the amount of ram that the account allotted.\n\nNow that we know how much ram we are entitled to, how can we possibly know how much ram we need to deploy our smart contract. Since the Eosio blockchain executes user-generated applications and code using Web Assembly, we can get a rough estimate about the number of kilobytes needed to executed the smart contract by summing the size of *.wasm and *.abi files. In addition to figuring the rough estimate, we will have to determine the amount Eos token that will be required to purchase the ram.\n\nThe Eos blockchain platform relies on the Bancor Algorithm to facilitate the secondary ram market through a unilateral transaction model, we can determine the Eos ram price by consulting ram market table exposed by the system contract and performing some simple calculation.\n\n![3.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmcyQEfAWZhhrR8AQjfd6wZ6JgrXsRxz8jLvtdUD8gxkmd/3.png)\n\nTo acquire the EOS/KiB, we need to divide the `quote.balance` - the connector balance - by the `base.balance` - the ram token outstanding supply and finally multiply the value by 1024 `(quote.balance/base.balance)*1024. `\n\nIn my example with the smart contract that I wanted to deploy will require around 100 KiB which will cost around 31.70 EOS token. We can then proceed with the actual transaction by issuing the following command through Cleos.\n\n```\ncleos-test system buyram -k ${payer} ${reciever} amount\n```\n\nThe `k` flag will indicate the amount parameter indicates the amount of KiB to purchase, the system contract transaction will automatically deduct the appropriate amount of EOS token from the payer's account. Without the `k` flag, the amount will indicate the amount EOS token wishing to be spent. Likewise, an appropriate amount of ram will be added to the account according to the ram price. \n\n![4.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmaQLB3FxSHqXyhi7cWFXQKmAg3ADdpMVSvWwmSJDGDXnK/4.png)\n\nIf we now deploy the contract again it should succeed.\n\n![5.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbroh53BccXiuSVrfizDZ9fU1N79qHCxAuqZ6TqFEAP5t/5.png)\n\n### Selling Ram\n\nFor the unneeded ram that the account is currently occupying, it is possible to exchange the resource for some EOS token through the system contract by a price settle by the Banchor Algorithm. Selling ram is a similar process to buying ram on eos blockchain.\n\n```\ncleos-test system sellram ${account} bytes\n```\n\nA successful transaction will look similar to this:\n\n![6.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmVicF5RMuBavYitrwQoz7go3PKQfXFqKecyGY4Zi5WHH3/6.png)\n\n### Persistent Storage\n\nRAM is arguably the single most sought-after resource on the Eos blockchain platform due to its flexibility. Not only RAM can be used for store intermediate states of computation, it can also be used as a persistent storage. The multi-indexed database is a data structure within Eos that provides flexibility in where the data is stored depending on how the scope is defined. Multi-indexed db will house the persistent data in a table format. In fact, unlike many other popular smart contract platforms, the transactions within the Eos smart contracts cannot return any value or variable, which mean any data captured by RAM cannot be returned to the caller by the transaction. In order to gain access to the variable value within the smart contract, e.g. result of a certain computation and transaction, the data needs to be updated through a multi-index db table with a scope, an associative link to the data stored normally in the form of account name of the caller or the account name of the smart contract itself, then the data can be retrieved by `gettable` API with the appropriate contract name, scope, and name of the table. \n\nFor example, the amount of EOS tokens that each account has been stored in the multi-indexed db defined within the eosio.token contract that composes of a small chunk of RAM from each the account defining the scope. We can retrieved the amount of token that a certain account has directly from the db with following command:\n\n```\ncleos-test get table eosio.token ${account} accounts\n```\n![7.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmefUJG4hcwaww2u43PsbvLTbo9mnXQLj8z531dKf8kK49/7.png)\n\nThe table name in the above command is accounts, and the scope is the individual account name. It's logical to assign the account balance information with the account that actually owns them. On the other hand, if we wish to retrieve information about the EOS token itself, we'll need to look into another scope with a different table even though the information is encoded within the same smart contract:\n\n```\ncleos-test get table eosio.token EOS stats\n```\n\nDetermining the scope and table name can be tricky especially for contracts that are produced by others, the table name can normally be quickly retrieved by looking at the abi of the contract.\n\n![8.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbmHy1XeGsAJhm76fEpBeCDRicxehrmVQcd234Vp9Q3wF/8.png)\n\nThe scope is harder, but it can be determined through looking through the parameter when the reference to the multi-indexed db is made within the code. \n\n\n![9.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmYkj4bVSSSEmQCNo1UCpEGR2Lq8pE49DLYyFX44edMzfS/9.png)\n\nThe first underlined part shows the reference to the stats table is made with ‘sym’ parameter which denotes the SYMBOL of the token; hence the scope of the table is the SYMBOL of the token.\n\nThe first underlined part depicts the line that makes the reference to the accounts table when the balance is subtracted during a transaction. This line of code hints that the scope of the table accounts is an account name. For more tutorial and information about using multi-index db within smart contracts, please stay tuned for our next article. \n\n\n### Upgrade Contract\nSince the connection between the smart contract itself to the multi-index db stored on local disk is merely a reference link, this feature in conjunction with deploying a contract multiple times with the same account grants the feature to upgrade smart contracts in the eos ecosystem. The reference to the data can be made in the new smart contract as long as key features that define the multi-index db is identical across the old and new smart contract. \n\nIn some cases, you may even find it useful to free up RAM for sales by deploying an empty contract or one that is significantly less in size while still keeping the data related to the former contract on persistent storage. \n\n\n## Contact/About us\nIf you are an advanced blockchain user, feel free to use any of those tools that you are comfortable with.\n\nIf you like what we do and believe in [EOS9CAT](www.eos9cat.com0, vote for **eosninecatbp**! Waiting for your support. Have a question, send an [email to us](mailto:[email protected]) or [visit our website.](www.eos9cat.com) \n\n**FOLLOW US** on [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/eos9cat/), [Telegram](https://t.me/joinchat/IOwgBRJj-6JdxOerWYLOkg), [Medium](https://medium.com/@master_32654), [SteemIt](https://steemit.com/@eos9cat/), [Github](https://github.com/EOS9Cat), [Meetup E0S9CAT](https://www.meetup.com/Vancouver-Internet-Technology-Talents-Networking-9CAT-NET/0), [Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/user/EOS9Cat/), [Twitter](https://twitter.com/Eos9C), and [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/company/eos9cat/).\n\n\n## References:\n\nhttps://medium.com/@bytemaster/eosio-ram-market-bancor-algorithm-b8e8d4e20c73\nhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N6CTRdx6NVE",
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      "body": "# Best Practice: Role of EOS Node\n\n- [Best Practice: Role of EOS Node](#best-practice-role-of-eos-node)\n  - [Briefing](#briefing)\n  - [Discussion](#discussion)\n  - [Learning Notes](#learning-notes)\n  - [BONUS](#bonus)\n\n## Briefing\n\nWhen EOS9CAT prepared the EOS nodes before the EOS main net launch day, we noticed that the EOS node probably could be separated into different roles not only on the main net but also in the on-premise infrastructure.\n\nFrom the EOS main net perspective, the role of the node is divided into **\"Producing Node\"** and **\"Non-Producing Node\"**.\n\nDo a simple search, below is the definition of the **Non-Producing Node** from the [EOSIO Wiki Page - Glossary](https://github.com/EOSIO/eos/wiki/Glossary).\n\n> **Non-Producing Node**\n> \n> A full node running `nodeos` that is only watching and verifying for itself each block, and maintaining its own local full copy of the blockchain. A non-producing node that is in the \"standby pool\" can, through the process of being voted in, become a producing node. A producing node, if voted out, will become a non-producing node. Most non-producing nodes are not in the \"standby pool\".\n\nSo the **Producing Node** is the opposite of the **Non-Producing Node**. The **Producing Node** definitely is voted in and producing the blocks. However, it doesn't mean the **Non-Producing Node** is not capable of producing the blocks. It means that the **Non-Producing Node** is a **full node** and is capable of doing so on demand. Whenever the chain needs to replace an existing Block Producer with a new one, the new one is drawn from the standby pool.\n\nAs you may notice that we have another terminology - **full node**. What does \"full node\" mean? Obviously it means the node has the full functionality. Then what is the \"full functionality\"? This is what we are going to talk about today.\n\n## Discussion\n\nEOS9CAT has run the nodes on the main net and the jungle net (testing environment) since Day One. With the block logs file is growing bigger and bigger and more and more transactions are signed into the blocks, maintaining all the nodes as the **full node** isn't a good idea. Huge amount of P2P synchronization traffic and API visit traffic together will cause the nodes corrupted unexpectedly and make the node to take lots of time to re-sync or replay.\n\nLet's dive deeper. Simply, a **full node** has such functionality as below:\n\n- Networking (p2p/bnet)\n- RPC API\n- Block Produce\n\nEach functionality is implemented by bunch of the plugins.\n\n| Plugin Name | Description | Functionality | Dependency |\n| ----------- | ----------- | ------------- | ---------- |\n| `chain_plugin` | The `chain_plugin` is a core plugin required to process and aggregate chain data on an EOSIO node. | Network | none |\n| `chain_api_plugin` | The `chain_api_plugin` exposes functionality from the `chain_plugin` to the RPC API interface managed by the `http_plugin` | RPC API | `chain_plugin` |\n| `bnet_plugin` | The `bnet_plugin` provides an p2p protocol to persistently synchronize two blockchains  | Network | none |\n| `history_plugin` | The `history_plugin` provides a cache layer for blockchain objects that are useful for obtaining historical data.  | RPC API | `chain_plugin` |\n| `history_api_plugin` | The `history_api_plugin` exposes functionality from the `history_plugin` to the RPC API interface managed by the `http_plugin` | RPC API | `history_plugin` and `chain_plugin` |\n| `producer_plugin` | The `producer_plugin` loads functionality required to for a node to produce blocks. | Block Produce | `chain_plugin` |\n\nThus, let's go back to the first paragraph of the article.\n\nFrom on-promise perspective, what EOS9CAT is doing now is playing a full node with  several different minor nodes.\n\n| Node Role | Description |Enabled Plugin | Connectivity |\n| --------- | ----------- | ------------- | ------------ |\n| Networking | Synchronize the chain | `bnet_plugin` and `chain_plugin` | Expose p2p/bnet ports |\n| RPC API | Provide the RPC API for the `history` and `chain` | `chain_plugin`, `history_plugin`, `chain_api_plugin` and `history_api_plugin` | Expose API (http) port |\n| Block Produce | Produce the blocks  | `chain_plugin`, `producer_plugin` | None |\n\n\n![role-chart.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmSd98SQcVAnAoPbZmSnfkGLhxmRyqfTvDviY33iZGAWGD/role-chart.png)\n\n\n## Learning Notes\n\n1. **Networking Node** is available to both external and internal.\n2. **RPC API Node** and **Block Produce Node** only need to connect to the **Networking Node** internally, NOT necessarily to expose the p2p/bnet port externally.\n3. The snapshot from different roles of the nodes may **NOT** be used for each other. *(need more verification)*\n4. Moreover, each role of the node could be a cluster or replicas which is able to help the node runner to achieve the maximal high availability. \n5. `chain/history` API reference - [EOS RPC API](https://developers.eos.io/eosio-nodeos/reference#get_info)\n\n## BONUS\n\nSince [EOS Release v1.1.0](https://github.com/EOSIO/eos/releases/tag/v1.1.0), we could start use the `mongo_db_plugin`, although the documentation about it is not much.\n\n> MongoDB Plugin\n> \n> The MongoDB Plugin (`eosio::mongo_db_plugin`) is an optional plugin that provides archiving of blockchain data into a MongoDB. This creates a read-only copy of the data in the blockchain that enables highly-scalable and convenient queries on that data.\n\nAfter first glance, we are so excited that it's really a good plugin to use and will improve the EOS node to be more reliable. 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      "body": "**This release provides bug fixes and regression tests.**\n## Description of the Issues\n\n### Ambiguous CPU billing of scheduled transactions (#5068)\nin #5001 the ability to bill appropriate CPU time for soft_fail and hard_fail scheduled transaction was added. However, this exposes an ambiguity in the block structure: There is no way to represent the objective failure of a scheduled transaction due to a limit that was breached by the billed CPU time. Producing a block with this ambiguity would fail to validate protecting the chain but causing minor disruptions. As a result, producers will no longer include those scheduled transactions in their blocks, giving each producer a chance to execute it in under the limited time or to another objective failure case. (#5068)\n\n### Misclassification of Blocks as \"exhausted\" (#5071)\nThe producer_plugin was treating leeway cpu exceptions as subjective failures. This implied to the rest of the producer_plugin code that the block is exhausted. However, this exception does not represent an exhausted block and rarely clears in the next block. Therefore, leeway cpu exceptions are no longer considered block exhaustion signals.\n\n### Regression Tests for Previous Security Issues\nThis release includes regression tests that cover security issues fixed through version 1.0.8. Regression tests lag the disclosing release(s) by one-month to enhance the security of operational networks.\n\n### Other\nFix for asset overflows in eosiolib for parity with the WASM SDK (#5092)\n\n### Mitigations\nNone\n\n\n![Jungle_EOS_Network_Monitor__CryptoLions_io__🔊.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmXADzaRku8hN9Zd67MJam3M6URwymhPuebHrxSUS6x11v/Jungle_EOS_Network_Monitor__CryptoLions_io__%F0%9F%94%8A.png)\n\nWe tested on [Jungle Testnet](http://jungle.cryptolions.io/) and We are done on Mainnet. Thanks to **CryptoLions**.\n\n## Contact/About Us\n\nIf you are an advanced blockchain user, feel free to use any of those tools that you are comfortable with.\n\nIf you like what we do and believe in [EOS9CAT](eos9cat.com), vote for **eosninecatbp**! Waiting for your support. Have a question, send an [email to us](mailto:[email protected]) or [visit our website.](eos9cat.com)\n\n**FOLLOW US** on [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/eos9cat/), [Telegram](https://t.me/joinchat/IOwgBRJj-6JdxOerWYLOkg), [Medium](https://medium.com/@master_32654), [SteemIt](https://steemit.com/@eos9cat/), [Github](https://github.com/EOS9Cat), [Meetup E0S9CAT](), [Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/user/EOS9Cat/), [Twitter](https://twitter.com/Eos9C), and [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/company/eos9cat).",
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      "body": "@@ -1085,16 +1085,128 @@\n _.png)%0A%0A\n+We tested on %5BJungle Testnet%5D(http://jungle.cryptolions.io/) and We are done on Mainnet. Thanks to Cryptolion!%0A%0A\n ## Conta\n",
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      "title": "Smart Contract Development on EOS - Part 2",
      "body": "@@ -13220,8 +13220,107 @@\n os9cat).\n+%0A%0A!%5Beos.jpg%5D(https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmaquvateW8QdxSunF8ovCqnffEK8RtNbxggDw3QHUYQZf/eos.jpg)\n",
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      "author": "eos9cat",
      "permlink": "smart-contract-development-on-eos-part-2",
      "title": "Smart Contract Development on EOS - Part 2",
      "body": "## What happened last time ...\n  In the previous section of series - [Getting Ready for Smart Contract Development on EOS](), we took a deep dive in setting up the correct environment needed for interacting with a blockchain infrastructure managed by the EOS.io software. We learned how to spin up a developer sandbox environment through pulling official pre-built development images through docker. We also learned how to properly set up a single blockchain, create the necessary accounts, keys, and wallets in order to deploy contracts into the blockchain. \n\n## In this article ...\n  In this section part 2 section of the series, we'll continue to explore how accounts and wallets interact with smart contracts that are deployed on the blockchain. We'll first get a taste of smart contract development by simply constructing a \"Hello World\" contract and deploying it under the sandbox environment which we have created in the previous part of the tutorial.\n\n  explore how to deploy a simple token contract on the Eos blockchain, then we will proceed to issue the tokens and calling functions defined within the smart contract\n\n## Before we start ...\n  Following the wallet set up that we have done in the last article in [Getting Ready for Smart Contract Development on EOS](), we should first get the more clearer sense of how wallet, keys, and accounts interact within the Eos ecosystem. Cleos - which is the command-line tool that acts as an interface between nodeos - the actual node daemon hosting the blockchain and keosd - the component responsible for managing keys in the wallet. The Eos blockchain hosted by nodeos will only recognize accounts as an identity that's associated with each individual entity acting and transacting on the blockchain, and these accounts are connected by the cryptographic identity of the private key that we are accustomed to in other blockchain platforms. These private keys act as the credential to prove to the Eos blockchain that an individual is indeed the owner of the account. The wallet itself, however, doesn't directly interface with the Eos blockchain, it's only responsibility is to manage and keep the private key from being exposed. In the sandbox developer environment that we have created in part 1 to prepare yourself for smart contract development, the sandbox Eos blockchain will actually generate a block producing account called eosio. The specific private key of this eosio account can be found within the config.ini file. Without importing the private key to any one of our active wallet, we won't be able to gain access to the eosio account. Since in Eos, account generation can only be done by an existing account, we won't be able to generate additional accounts, signing transaction and deploying smart contracts; thus, we have imported the key in one of our generated wallet of \"producer\", in practice, the key can be imported into any of the active wallet or even multiple wallets. \n\n## Generating the Hello World Contract.\n\n  Let's first create a \"hello world\" contract by creating a folder call \"hello\" and change the directory into the folder,\n\n  ```bash\n  mkdir hello && cd hello\n  ```\n  For the simplicity of this tutorial, we shall create a pre-written smart contract that the eos developer tutorial has kindly porvided,\n\n```c++\n#include <eosiolib/eosio.hpp>\n#include <eosiolib/print.hpp>\nusing namespace eosio;\n\nclass hello : public eosio::contract {\n  public:\n      using contract::contract;\n\n      /// @abi action \n      void hi( account_name user ) {\n         print( \"Hello, \", name{user} );\n      }\n};\n\nEOSIO_ABI( hello, (hi) )\n```\nWe will dive deeply in terms of writing our own smart contract in our future tutorials. The \"hello world\" smart contract encompasses a simple function which upon calling with a parameter that defines the account name through a signed transaction, will return the string \"Hello, \" and the account name.\n\nFor the next step, we need to compile the hello.cpp into a Web Assembly(WASM) file .wast and abi code that is necessary for the deployment of the smart contract through a CLI tool called eosiocpp that is packaged into the Eos dev docker image. In order to use eosiocpp, we need to access the one of Docker container that we have created and execute the commands from within.\n\nFirst, place the \"hello\" folder which we just have created into \"keosd-data-volume\" - the shared folder mount point between the docker container keosd and the host system. Note, since the folder itself is created by docker we will be needing superuser privilege when moving files into it.\n\n```bash\nsudo mv hello keosd-data-volume/\n```\n\nGet into the bash of the keosd container by,\n```bash\ndocker container exec -it keosd bash\n```\n\nChange directory to where the \"hello\" folder is located within the container.\n```bash\ncd /opt/eosio/bin/data-dir/hello\n```\n*Note that /opt/eosio/bin/data-dir path is actually configured in the yaml file that brought up the containers.*\n\nGenerate web assembly and abi through the compiler.\n```bash\neosiocpp -o hello.wast hello.cpp &&\neosiocpp -g hello.abi hello.cpp\n```\n*Note there may be warnings about no Ricardian clauses found which can safely ignore*\n\n## Deploying the Hello World Contract.\n\nLet's create a contract account called \"hello.code\" to deploy a smart contract. Creating a separate account for the purpose of the deployment is preferred since other participants will access the contract that we've created through the reference of the contract account. \n\n```bash\ncleos create account eosio hello.code ${owner public key} ${active public key}\n```\n*Note the corresponding private key to the owner public key and active public key needs to be in an unlocked wallet in order to sign of transaction with the account that we have created.*\n\nThe owner public key and active public defines the permission level that the account is associated with. By default each account will have two native named permission which is `owner` and `active`. The `owner` permission level have the greatest authority of the account and will be used in cases where greatest authority is required such as changing the ownership of the account. The `active` permission, on the other hand, is more commonly used for signing transactions associated with the account. Custom permission level can also be implemented to extend controls of the account. \n\nLet's deploy our \"hello world\" contract and sign off the transaction with the `active` permission of our newly generated contract account `hello.code`.\n\n```bash\n# if we are inside the docker container under the /opt/eosio/bin/data-dir path\ncleos -u http://nodeosd:8888 set contract hello.code ./hello -p hello.code@active\n\n# if we are in the host environment\ncleos set contract hello.code /opt/eosio/bin/data-dir path/hello -p hello.code@active\n```\n*Note since we are deploying our contract within the `keosd` docker container environment, we need to specify the location that our nodeos is running on within the network with `-u http://nodeosd:8888`.*\n\nAfter our contact has been successfully deployed, let's try to invoke the contract with our `user` account. Call the `hi` function specified in the smart contract by referring to the contract account `hello.code`\n\n```\ncleos -u http://nodeosd:8888 push action hello.code hi '[\"user\"]' -p user@active\nexecuted transaction: 4c10c1426c16b1656e802f3302677594731b380b18a44851d38e8b5275072857  244 bytes  1000 cycles\n#    hello.code <= hello.code::hi               {\"user\":\"user\"}\n```\n\nIf you have attach the to log output of the nodeos docker container, you should see output similar to the following,\n```bash\n1025500ms thread-0   producer_plugin.cpp:944       produce_block        ] Produced block 00004de945a23f63... #19945 @ 2018-05-25T19:17:05.500 signed by eosio [trxs: 0, lib: 19944, confirmed: 0]\n1025830ms thread-0   apply_context.cpp:28          print_debug          ] \n[(hello.code,hi)->hello.code]: CONSOLE OUTPUT BEGIN =====================\nHello, user\n[(hello.code,hi)->hello.code]: CONSOLE OUTPUT END   =====================\n1026000ms thread-0   producer_plugin.cpp:944       produce_block        ] Produced block 00004deaebee2dc5... #19946 @ 2018-05-25T19:17:06.000 signed by eosio [trxs: 1, lib: 19945, confirmed: 0]\n```\n\n## Deploying a token contract\n\n  Now that we have successfully deployed our first \"hello world\" contract, let's try to deploy another token contract that can be used to issuing your own tokens on the Eos platform.\n\n  Again, let's start by creating a token contract account that's responsible for managing the token contract.\n\n```bash\ncleos create account eosio eosio.token ${owner public key} ${active public key}\n```\n  We proceed to deploy the pre-compiled contract `eosio.token` found under the `/contracts` folder within the keosd docker container\n\n  We can peek at the functions that are defined within the contract by looking at the `.hpp` file.\n  `contracts/eosio.token/eosio.token.hpp:`\n  ```\n    void create( account_name issuer,\n                asset        maximum_supply );\n\n    void issue( account_name to, asset quantity, string memo );\n\n    void transfer( account_name from,\n                  account_name to,\n                  asset        quantity,\n                  string       memo );\n  ```\n\n  The concise way to call the `create` function to create a new token:\n  \n  ```bash\ncleos push action eosio.token create '[ \"eosio\", \"1000000000.0000 SYS\"]' \\\n         -p eosio.token@active\nexecuted transaction: 0e49a421f6e75f4c5e09dd738a02d3f51bd18a0cf31894f68d335cd70d9c0e12  120 bytes  1000 cycles\n#   eosio.token <= eosio.token::create          {\"issuer\":\"eosio\",\"maximum_supply\":\"1000000000.0000 SYS\"}\n\n  ```\n\n  The more verbose way:\n  ```bash\ncleos push action eosio.token create '[ \"eosio\", \"1000000000.0000 SYS\"]' \\\n         -p eosio.token@active\nexecuted transaction: 0e49a421f6e75f4c5e09dd738a02d3f51bd18a0cf31894f68d335cd70d9c0e12  120 bytes  1000 cycles\n#   eosio.token <= eosio.token::create          {\"issuer\":\"eosio\",\"maximum_supply\":\"1000000000.0000 SYS\"}\n  ```\n\n  Either way, the command has created a new token SYS with a precision of 4 decimals and a maximum supply of 1000000000.0000 SYS.\n\n  ### Issue Tokens and Transfering them.\n  \n  The following command will issue 100.0000 SYS to the account `user`:\n```bash\ncleos push action eosio.token issue '[ \"user\", \"100.0000 SYS\", \"memo\" ]' \\\n        -p eosio@active\n```\n\nThe output should look similar to the following indicating the successful transaction.\n\n```bash\nexecuted transaction: 822a607a9196112831ecc2dc14ffb1722634f1749f3ac18b73ffacd41160b019  268 bytes  1000 cycles\n#   eosio.token <= eosio.token::issue           {\"to\":\"user\",\"quantity\":\"100.0000 SYS\",\"memo\":\"memo\"}\n>> issue\n#   eosio.token <= eosio.token::transfer        {\"from\":\"eosio\",\"to\":\"user\",\"quantity\":\"100.0000 SYS\",\"memo\":\"memo\"}\n>> transfer\n#         eosio <= eosio.token::transfer        {\"from\":\"eosio\",\"to\":\"user\",\"quantity\":\"100.0000 SYS\",\"memo\":\"memo\"}\n#          user <= eosio.token::transfer        {\"from\":\"eosio\",\"to\":\"user\",\"quantity\":\"100.0000 SYS\",\"memo\":\"memo\"}\n```\n\nSince now, the `user` account have some amount of SYS token, the `user` account can invoke the `transfer` function to transfer some tokens to another account such as `test`:\n\n```bash\ncleos push action eosio.token transfer \\\n        '[ \"user\", \"tester\", \"25.0000 SYS\", \"m\" ]' -p user@active\n```\n  Notice that this time the transaction is actually signed by the user account rather than the token contract account.\n\n  The output should look similar to the following indicating the successful transaction.\n  \n```bash\nexecuted transaction: 06d0a99652c11637230d08a207520bf38066b8817ef7cafaab2f0344aafd7018  268 bytes  1000 cycles\n#   eosio.token <= eosio.token::transfer        {\"from\":\"user\",\"to\":\"tester\",\"quantity\":\"25.0000 SYS\",\"memo\":\"m\"}\n>> transfer\n#          user <= eosio.token::transfer        {\"from\":\"user\",\"to\":\"tester\",\"quantity\":\"25.0000 SYS\",\"memo\":\"m\"}\n#        tester <= eosio.token::transfer        {\"from\":\"user\",\"to\":\"tester\",\"quantity\":\"25.0000 SYS\",\"memo\":\"m\"}\n```\n\n## Moving Forward\n\n  Now that we have learned how to deploy and interact with smart contracts, it's essential to start defining our own contract logic that we see fit for the use cases of our Dapp. In the next part of our series, we'll dive deeper into the details of how to exactly write a smart contract. Stay tuned ...The output should look something as the following indicating the successful transaction.\n\n## Contact/About Us\n\nIf you are an advanced blockchain user, feel free to use any of those tools that you are comfortable with.\n\nIf you like what we do and believe in [EOS9CAT](eos9cat.com), vote for **eosninecatbp**! Waiting for your support. Have a question, send an [email to us](mailto:[email protected]) or [visit our website.](eos9cat.com)\n\n**FOLLOW US** on [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/eos9cat/), [Telegram](https://t.me/joinchat/IOwgBRJj-6JdxOerWYLOkg), [Medium](https://medium.com/@master_32654), [SteemIt](https://steemit.com/@eos9cat/), [Github](https://github.com/EOS9Cat), [Meetup E0S9CAT](), [Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/user/EOS9Cat/), [Twitter](https://twitter.com/Eos9C), and [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/company/eos9cat).",
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      "permlink": "news-v1-1-3-has-been-released",
      "title": "NEWS: V1.1.3 has been released!",
      "body": "## Description of the Issues\n### Bugfixes\nThe removal of subjective leeway time for scheduled transactions in Version 1.1.2 exposed a latent bug in validation logic that eventually prevented nodes from being able to join active and valid chains ( #4986 ). As a result, Version 1.1.2 is considered invalid and all node operators running it should consider upgrading.\n\n### Non Critical Security Updates\n- fixed edge case where scheduled transactions that fail ( hard_fail or soft_fail status ) could throw exceptions out to the calling code in violation of the expected semantics of the controller::push_scheduled_transaction method\n- fixed bug preventing proper cpu billing for scheduled transactions that fail ( hard_fail or soft_fail status )\n\n### Mitigations\nBoost 1.68 will soon be released. Pin the MacOS homebrew install to 1.67, for now, to preemptively avoid auto upgrade when running eosio build script.\n\n![Jungle_EOS_Network_Monitor__CryptoLions_io_.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmUdPdGsCXczeTdAtFptcqNpvtsUiNZqoF4YDqecfDArCo/Jungle_EOS_Network_Monitor__CryptoLions_io_.png)\n\n## Contact/About Us\n\nIf you are an advanced blockchain user, feel free to use any of those tools that you are comfortable with.\n\nIf you like what we do and believe in [EOS9CAT](eos9cat.com), vote for **eosninecatbp**! Waiting for your support. Have a question, send an [email to us](mailto:[email protected]) or [visit our website.](eos9cat.com)\n\n**FOLLOW US** on [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/eos9cat/), [Telegram](https://t.me/joinchat/IOwgBRJj-6JdxOerWYLOkg), [Medium](https://medium.com/@master_32654), [SteemIt](https://steemit.com/@eos9cat/), [Github](https://github.com/EOS9Cat), [Meetup E0S9CAT](), [Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/user/EOS9Cat/), [Twitter](https://twitter.com/Eos9C), and [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/company/eos9cat).",
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      "permlink": "news-v1-1-2-has-been-released-do-not-upgrade-it-yet",
      "title": "NEWS: V1.1.2 has been released!",
      "body": "The release of v1.1.2 provides non-critical security updates, bug fixes and minor improvements.\n\n## Description of the Issues\nThis release addresses the following issues:\n\n### Bug Fixes and Minor Improvements\n- Renamed LICENSE.txt to LICENSE (#4969)\n- Added warning/correction when implicitly installing to system-wide paths (#4970)\n- Better discovery of core CPU count during a build (#4977)\n- Removal of duplicated block signature check (#4951)\n- Improved installation of binaries and contract dev dependencies (#4844)\n\n### Non-Critical Security Updates (#4981)\n- Optimize block_status tracking in bnet_plugin\n- Optimize connection releasing in net_plugin\n- Move misaligned array copy to heap\n- Disallow scheduled transactions from using subjective leeway cpu time\n- Respect wall-clock deadline for blocks in the producer_plugin::start_block\n- Serialize transactions in cleos instead of using an RPC\n\n### Mitigations\n- None\n\nWe tested on [Jungle Testnet](http://jungle.cryptolions.io/) and We are done on **Mainnet**. Thanks to CryptoLion!\n\n![Jungle_EOS_Network_Monitor__CryptoLions_io__🔊.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmcgFjFHAVZCY8FGDp4qvrAbzgBzcvwGZDeKTL2f4iwM9F/Jungle_EOS_Network_Monitor__CryptoLions_io__%F0%9F%94%8A.png)\n\nFor more information, please click the link below:\n[]()https://bit.ly/2APwUzh\n\n## Contact/About us\nIf you are an advanced blockchain user, feel free to use any of those tools that you are comfortable with.\n\nIf you like what we do and believe in EOS9CAT, vote for eosninecatbp! Waiting for your support. Have a question, send an email to us or visit our website.\n\n**FOLLOW US** on [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/eos9cat/), [Telegram](https://t.me/joinchat/IOwgBRJj-6JdxOerWYLOkg), [Medium](https://medium.com/@master_32654), [SteemIt](https://steemit.com/@eos9cat/), [Github](https://github.com/EOS9Cat), [Meetup E0S9CAT](), [Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/user/EOS9Cat/), [Twitter](https://twitter.com/Eos9C), and [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/company/eos9cat).",
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      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://github.com/EOSIO/eos/releases",
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      "permlink": "news-v1-1-1-has-been-released",
      "title": "NEWS: V1.1.1 has been released!",
      "body": "**The release of v1.1.1** provides critical security updates previously disclosed to existing EOSIO-based blockchain custodians as well as non-critical security updates.\n\n## Description of the Critical Issues\n\n### Self-canceling Deferred Transactions\nCalling cancel_deferred(sender_id) using the sender_id of the currently executing deferred transaction was not properly handled. This has been resolved so that the cancel_deferred call semantics match the expectation that passing invalid or already-retired sender_id is a no-op. The currently executing transaction is considered \"retired\" WRT these semantics.\n\n## Description of the Non-Critical Issues\n### Stalled Producer Plugin\nPromoting producer schedule changes from pending to active requires 2/3+1 confirmations from the currently active producers. There was an edge case when:\n\n- 2/3 confirmations were present (only 1 more needed) AND\n- The FIRST producer who had the option to provide the last confirmation each round was DOWN or otherwise not producing AND\n- ALL other producers who had the option were either\n      - not present in the pending schedule OR\n      - had moved to a different position in the list\nIn this case, the remaining producer nodes who could provide the needed confirmation would calculate the wrong time to wake-up and produce a confirmation.\n\nIn extreme cases, this would lead to enough producers abstaining from production, despite being live and ready, to stall the promotion. This issue has been resolved.\n\n### BNet Plugin Safety\nThe BNet plugin exchanges messages with peers to optimize out multiple delivery of a single block. There is now a limited window of retained block IDs for this purpose.\n\n### Net Plugin Sanity Checks\nThe Net plugin has improved sanity checks on incoming block requests.\n\n### extended_symbol::operator <\nContracts which compared extended_symbols using the < operator would not take the extended information about hosting contract into account. This change will be reflected in the next release of the WASM SDK.\n\n## Mitigations\nNone\n\nWe tested on [Jungle Testnet](http://jungle.cryptolions.io/) and We are done on **Mainnet**. Thanks to Cryptolion!\n\n![Jungle_EOS_Network_Monitor__CryptoLions_io__🔊.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmcgFjFHAVZCY8FGDp4qvrAbzgBzcvwGZDeKTL2f4iwM9F/Jungle_EOS_Network_Monitor__CryptoLions_io__%F0%9F%94%8A.png)\n\nFor more information, please click the link below:\n[click](https://bit.ly/2OGGJlS)\n\n## Contact/About Us\n\nIf you are an advanced blockchain user, feel free to use any of those tools that you are comfortable with.\n\nIf you like what we do and believe in EOS9CAT, vote for **eosninecatbp**! Waiting for your support. Have a question, send an [email to us](mailto:[email protected]) or [visit our website](www.eos9cat.com).\n\n**FOLLOW US** on [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/eos9cat/), [Telegram](https://t.me/joinchat/IOwgBRJj-6JdxOerWYLOkg), [Medium](https://medium.com/@master_32654), [SteemIt](https://steemit.com/@eos9cat/), [Github](https://github.com/EOS9Cat), [Meetup E0S9CAT](), [Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/user/EOS9Cat/), [Twitter](https://twitter.com/Eos9C), and [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/company/eos9cat).",
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      "title": "NEWS: V1.1.2 has been released! - DO NOT UPGRADE IT, YET.",
      "body": "The release of v1.1.2 provides non-critical security updates, bug fixes and minor improvements.\n\n## Description of the Issues\nThis release addresses the following issues:\n\n### Bug Fixes and Minor Improvements\n- Renamed LICENSE.txt to LICENSE (#4969)\n- Added warning/correction when implicitly installing to system-wide paths (#4970)\n- Better discovery of core CPU count during a build (#4977)\n- Removal of duplicated block signature check (#4951)\n- Improved installation of binaries and contract dev dependencies (#4844)\n\n### Non-Critical Security Updates (#4981)\n- Optimize block_status tracking in bnet_plugin\n- Optimize connection releasing in net_plugin\n- Move misaligned array copy to heap\n- Disallow scheduled transactions from using subjective leeway cpu time\n- Respect wall-clock deadline for blocks in the producer_plugin::start_block\n- Serialize transactions in cleos instead of using an RPC\n\n### Mitigations\n- None\n\nWe tested on [Jungle Testnet](http://jungle.cryptolions.io/) and We are done on **Mainnet**. Thanks to CryptoLion!\n\n![Jungle_EOS_Network_Monitor__CryptoLions_io__🔊.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmcgFjFHAVZCY8FGDp4qvrAbzgBzcvwGZDeKTL2f4iwM9F/Jungle_EOS_Network_Monitor__CryptoLions_io__%F0%9F%94%8A.png)\n\nFor more information, please click the link below:\n[]()https://bit.ly/2APwUzh\n\n## Contact/About us\nIf you are an advanced blockchain user, feel free to use any of those tools that you are comfortable with.\n\nIf you like what we do and believe in EOS9CAT, vote for eosninecatbp! Waiting for your support. Have a question, send an email to us or visit our website.\n\n**FOLLOW US** on [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/eos9cat/), [Telegram](https://t.me/joinchat/IOwgBRJj-6JdxOerWYLOkg), [Medium](https://medium.com/@master_32654), [SteemIt](https://steemit.com/@eos9cat/), [Github](https://github.com/EOS9Cat), [Meetup E0S9CAT](), [Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/user/EOS9Cat/), [Twitter](https://twitter.com/Eos9C), and [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/company/eos9cat).",
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      "permlink": "re-eos9cat-news-v1-0-9-has-been-released-20180803t185305918z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Thanks @surikowstepanuk! Let's connect by email. Send an email to [email protected]. EOS9CAT Team loves connecting with people. if you have any questions, let us know.",
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{
  "trx_id": "27b7de30fb4dc217f27ec90c629f0b7f2d00e67e",
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      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "bitcoin",
      "author": "eos9cat",
      "permlink": "last-week-in-crypto-july-23-29-2018",
      "title": "Last Week in Crypto (July 23–29, 2018)",
      "body": "![EOS_-_The_most_powerful_infrastructure_for_decentralized_applications___Meetup.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmVCTV5GPMKz2wkM8k4mSQCGRDvjMnfwyCxFkCqtSEaB5p/EOS_-_The_most_powerful_infrastructure_for_decentralized_applications___Meetup.png)\n\n🏦Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors Optimistic About Cryptos;\n🚀Hashflare, Cloud-Based Mining Service Shuts Down Bitcoin Mining Contracts;\n🤑#PanteraCapital: 10,000% Return And #Bitcoin Forecast To $67,500 by 2019;\n🇮🇳Indian Economy Could See $5 billion Growth Thanks To Blockchain Technology;\n🌱 NULS blockchain: The Community Is Our Soul - Become A Community Leader;\n₿ Bill Miller: Bitcoin Is Interesting But Most Cryptocurrencies Are Worthless;\n⚡Mark Yusko Stick With His Prediction: Bitcoin $500,000 By The End of 2024;\n🇮🇷Iran Is Implementing National Cryptocurrency To Avoid US Sanctions;\n💼Crypto-Lending Firm BlockFi Raises $52.5 Million From Galaxy Digital;\n🏛The Sec Postpones His Decision On Bitcoin ETFs Until September;\n🇨🇦 Bank Of Canada Survey: 58% of Canadians Bitcoin Holders Have Bought For Investment Purposes;\n⛳Ex JPMorgan VP: Blockchain Technology May Be the Key to Avoiding the Next World-Class Financial Crisis.\n\n## Contact/About us\n\nIf you are an advanced blockchain user, feel free to use any of those tools that you are comfortable with.\n\nIf you like what we do and believe in [EOS9CAT](eos9cat.com), vote for **eosninecatbp**! Waiting for your support. Have a question, send an [email to us](mailto:[email protected]) or [visit our website.](eos9cat.com)\n\n**FOLLOW US** on [Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/eos9cat/), [Telegram](https://t.me/joinchat/IOwgBRJj-6JdxOerWYLOkg), [Medium](https://medium.com/@master_32654), [SteemIt](https://steemit.com/@eos9cat/), [Github](https://github.com/EOS9Cat), [Meetup E0S9CAT](), [Reddit](https://www.reddit.com/user/EOS9Cat/), [Twitter](https://twitter.com/Eos9C), and [LinkedIn](https://www.linkedin.com/company/eos9cat).\n\nReference to blockchainflashnews.com",
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