Ecoer Logo

@edanurb

25

Nurse

steemit.com/@edanurb
VOTING POWER100.00%
DOWNVOTE POWER100.00%
RESOURCE CREDITS100.00%
REPUTATION PROGRESS0.00%
Net Worth
0.007USD
STEEM
0.000STEEM
SBD
0.000SBD
Effective Power
5.007SP
├── Own SP
0.124SP
└── Incoming Deleg
+4.883SP

Detailed Balance

STEEM
balance
0.000STEEM
market_balance
0.000STEEM
savings_balance
0.000STEEM
reward_steem_balance
0.000STEEM
STEEM POWER
Own SP
0.124SP
Delegated Out
0.000SP
Delegation In
4.883SP
Effective Power
5.007SP
Reward SP (pending)
0.000SP
SBD
sbd_balance
0.000SBD
sbd_conversions
0.000SBD
sbd_market_balance
0.000SBD
savings_sbd_balance
0.000SBD
reward_sbd_balance
0.000SBD
{
  "balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "vesting_shares": "202.284630 VESTS",
  "delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "received_vesting_shares": "7941.375176 VESTS",
  "sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "conversions": []
}

Account Info

nameedanurb
id1131195
rank1,246,293
reputation158705606
created2018-09-05T19:57:09
recovery_accountsteem
proxyNone
post_count14
comment_count0
lifetime_vote_count0
witnesses_voted_for0
last_post2018-09-09T18:44:39
last_root_post2018-09-09T18:44:39
last_vote_time2018-09-07T22:50:00
proxied_vsf_votes0, 0, 0, 0
can_vote1
voting_power0
delayed_votes0
balance0.000 STEEM
savings_balance0.000 STEEM
sbd_balance0.000 SBD
savings_sbd_balance0.000 SBD
vesting_shares202.284630 VESTS
delegated_vesting_shares0.000000 VESTS
received_vesting_shares7941.375176 VESTS
reward_vesting_balance0.000000 VESTS
vesting_balance0.000 STEEM
vesting_withdraw_rate0.000000 VESTS
next_vesting_withdrawal1969-12-31T23:59:59
withdrawn0
to_withdraw0
withdraw_routes0
savings_withdraw_requests0
last_account_recovery1970-01-01T00:00:00
reset_accountnull
last_owner_update2018-09-05T20:18:30
last_account_update2018-09-05T21:22:12
minedNo
sbd_seconds0
sbd_last_interest_payment1970-01-01T00:00:00
savings_sbd_last_interest_payment1970-01-01T00:00:00
{
  "active": {
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM6fC9x7tqBNsobsj5MJWrrsJWjfJvhmxjwCJUy6fjkZwU7ut4bo",
        1
      ]
    ],
    "weight_threshold": 1
  },
  "balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "can_vote": true,
  "comment_count": 0,
  "created": "2018-09-05T19:57:09",
  "curation_rewards": 0,
  "delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "downvote_manabar": {
    "current_mana": 2035914951,
    "last_update_time": 1779061722
  },
  "guest_bloggers": [],
  "id": 1131195,
  "json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"profile_image\":\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmW3qjF8g3u1Ad1WwTM6D8XuM93nxJv6aDPGov22NUqvju/QRfO2985_400x400.jpg\",\"name\":\"Edanur\",\"about\":\"Nurse\"}}",
  "last_account_recovery": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "last_account_update": "2018-09-05T21:22:12",
  "last_owner_update": "2018-09-05T20:18:30",
  "last_post": "2018-09-09T18:44:39",
  "last_root_post": "2018-09-09T18:44:39",
  "last_vote_time": "2018-09-07T22:50:00",
  "lifetime_vote_count": 0,
  "market_history": [],
  "memo_key": "STM57neMt8M34RYYLMXQXvPXR2vkCQMvQTFsfZCFR2NzkbdvFo3Yn",
  "mined": false,
  "name": "edanurb",
  "next_vesting_withdrawal": "1969-12-31T23:59:59",
  "other_history": [],
  "owner": {
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM8RmyPNpPpNFmCTWaDwxELXxXp9dzg9gcAYjxdYvDmXwoSg3d3L",
        1
      ]
    ],
    "weight_threshold": 1
  },
  "pending_claimed_accounts": 0,
  "post_bandwidth": 0,
  "post_count": 14,
  "post_history": [],
  "posting": {
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM6vk6uUWnUXGU8pyLY5NTPnfxGR6Hvjwy3XycX9MXRAsSGG68ms",
        1
      ]
    ],
    "weight_threshold": 1
  },
  "posting_json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"profile_image\":\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmW3qjF8g3u1Ad1WwTM6D8XuM93nxJv6aDPGov22NUqvju/QRfO2985_400x400.jpg\",\"name\":\"Edanur\",\"about\":\"Nurse\"}}",
  "posting_rewards": 0,
  "proxied_vsf_votes": [
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0
  ],
  "proxy": "",
  "received_vesting_shares": "7941.375176 VESTS",
  "recovery_account": "steem",
  "reputation": 158705606,
  "reset_account": "null",
  "reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reward_vesting_balance": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "reward_vesting_steem": "0.000 STEEM",
  "savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "savings_sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_sbd_seconds": "0",
  "savings_sbd_seconds_last_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_withdraw_requests": 0,
  "sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "sbd_seconds": "0",
  "sbd_seconds_last_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "tags_usage": [],
  "to_withdraw": 0,
  "transfer_history": [],
  "vesting_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "vesting_shares": "202.284630 VESTS",
  "vesting_withdraw_rate": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "vote_history": [],
  "voting_manabar": {
    "current_mana": "8143659806",
    "last_update_time": 1779061722
  },
  "voting_power": 0,
  "withdraw_routes": 0,
  "withdrawn": 0,
  "witness_votes": [],
  "witnesses_voted_for": 0,
  "rank": 1246293
}

Withdraw Routes

IncomingOutgoing
Empty
Empty
{
  "incoming": [],
  "outgoing": []
}
From Date
To Date
steemdelegated 4.883 SP to @edanurb
2026/05/17 23:48:42
delegateeedanurb
delegatorsteem
vesting shares7941.375176 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #106142921/Trx 5cfe4848b948476a1d03008d2177b907e33db285
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 106142921,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "edanurb",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "7941.375176 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-05-17T23:48:42",
  "trx_id": "5cfe4848b948476a1d03008d2177b907e33db285",
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 3.215 SP to @edanurb
2026/05/12 02:01:57
delegateeedanurb
delegatorsteem
vesting shares5229.164771 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #105973542/Trx 903ee467298098ff223c27ce0417fe06feba5e23
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 105973542,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "edanurb",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "5229.164771 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-05-12T02:01:57",
  "trx_id": "903ee467298098ff223c27ce0417fe06feba5e23",
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 4.891 SP to @edanurb
2026/04/25 23:10:18
delegateeedanurb
delegatorsteem
vesting shares7953.890932 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #105510584/Trx 611ad5ee33e2882f1264f5e1ecdd5f42ae93dec9
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 105510584,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "edanurb",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "7953.890932 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-04-25T23:10:18",
  "trx_id": "611ad5ee33e2882f1264f5e1ecdd5f42ae93dec9",
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 3.241 SP to @edanurb
2026/01/23 06:36:12
delegateeedanurb
delegatorsteem
vesting shares5270.711590 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #102850373/Trx b81e1f04e1c9fa2167ca6876af617a99d6f8bdab
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 102850373,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "edanurb",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "5270.711590 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-01-23T06:36:12",
  "trx_id": "b81e1f04e1c9fa2167ca6876af617a99d6f8bdab",
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 3.342 SP to @edanurb
2024/12/17 01:55:36
delegateeedanurb
delegatorsteem
vesting shares5434.930787 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #91296790/Trx fa08885aae86b16fc93e2e50dd572ae199a435c6
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 91296790,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "edanurb",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "5434.930787 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2024-12-17T01:55:36",
  "trx_id": "fa08885aae86b16fc93e2e50dd572ae199a435c6",
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 3.446 SP to @edanurb
2023/11/13 17:38:27
delegateeedanurb
delegatorsteem
vesting shares5604.064319 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #79850994/Trx c30580462526431cb62a248ed7da5f438f2f09be
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 79850994,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "edanurb",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "5604.064319 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2023-11-13T17:38:27",
  "trx_id": "c30580462526431cb62a248ed7da5f438f2f09be",
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 5.252 SP to @edanurb
2023/09/21 21:18:12
delegateeedanurb
delegatorsteem
vesting shares8541.343105 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #78347197/Trx e7433fbf85d71f18f2e75f31c0955fc8d28121c8
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 78347197,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "edanurb",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "8541.343105 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2023-09-21T21:18:12",
  "trx_id": "e7433fbf85d71f18f2e75f31c0955fc8d28121c8",
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 5.388 SP to @edanurb
2022/11/03 11:10:12
delegateeedanurb
delegatorsteem
vesting shares8763.024543 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #69112625/Trx 64e411ca6ef73724fca68a0abfb4c69cd6e4d5b9
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 69112625,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "edanurb",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "8763.024543 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2022-11-03T11:10:12",
  "trx_id": "64e411ca6ef73724fca68a0abfb4c69cd6e4d5b9",
  "trx_in_block": 5,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 5.524 SP to @edanurb
2022/01/17 10:28:39
delegateeedanurb
delegatorsteem
vesting shares8983.557774 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #60808841/Trx eb8fca9f9aba80a01f97e0a48792fb8d01a2c2dc
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 60808841,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "edanurb",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "8983.557774 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2022-01-17T10:28:39",
  "trx_id": "eb8fca9f9aba80a01f97e0a48792fb8d01a2c2dc",
  "trx_in_block": 56,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 5.637 SP to @edanurb
2021/06/14 00:25:06
delegateeedanurb
delegatorsteem
vesting shares9167.326432 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #54607253/Trx 5edc6faffb5dc69439423f07f53255eb754be3f3
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 54607253,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "edanurb",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "9167.326432 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2021-06-14T00:25:06",
  "trx_id": "5edc6faffb5dc69439423f07f53255eb754be3f3",
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 5.752 SP to @edanurb
2020/12/11 10:44:51
delegateeedanurb
delegatorsteem
vesting shares9354.748406 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #49354735/Trx dee80646bb216bebd3decccd5ad928aaab6fc2eb
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 49354735,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "edanurb",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "9354.748406 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-12-11T10:44:51",
  "trx_id": "dee80646bb216bebd3decccd5ad928aaab6fc2eb",
  "trx_in_block": 3,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 1.176 SP to @edanurb
2020/12/06 04:22:06
delegateeedanurb
delegatorsteem
vesting shares1912.543513 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #49206301/Trx 40b72aa9d425f9000f16f28fb6a4bf9313ca0527
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 49206301,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "edanurb",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "1912.543513 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-12-06T04:22:06",
  "trx_id": "40b72aa9d425f9000f16f28fb6a4bf9313ca0527",
  "trx_in_block": 4,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 5.756 SP to @edanurb
2020/12/05 14:23:06
delegateeedanurb
delegatorsteem
vesting shares9360.956260 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #49189835/Trx a593a501c572b4e38e1189f9b2c68b0d880a59da
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 49189835,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "edanurb",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "9360.956260 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-12-05T14:23:06",
  "trx_id": "a593a501c572b4e38e1189f9b2c68b0d880a59da",
  "trx_in_block": 4,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 1.181 SP to @edanurb
2020/11/02 14:45:36
delegateeedanurb
delegatorsteem
vesting shares1920.017158 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #48256763/Trx 5c36a47d5375db4e69e34435db23ca8a92b17c62
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 48256763,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "edanurb",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "1920.017158 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-11-02T14:45:36",
  "trx_id": "5c36a47d5375db4e69e34435db23ca8a92b17c62",
  "trx_in_block": 3,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 5.880 SP to @edanurb
2020/05/09 05:18:57
delegateeedanurb
delegatorsteem
vesting shares9563.761619 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #43216538/Trx e961297afebcc1dca419592ec597517708e65dc4
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 43216538,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "edanurb",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "9563.761619 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-09T05:18:57",
  "trx_id": "e961297afebcc1dca419592ec597517708e65dc4",
  "trx_in_block": 4,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 1.201 SP to @edanurb
2020/05/08 08:51:00
delegateeedanurb
delegatorsteem
vesting shares1953.311140 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #43192557/Trx 553fecd0afea7549abd2d90c4d0b741e17a2c6af
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 43192557,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "edanurb",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "1953.311140 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-08T08:51:00",
  "trx_id": "553fecd0afea7549abd2d90c4d0b741e17a2c6af",
  "trx_in_block": 33,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 5.941 SP to @edanurb
2019/11/13 14:05:21
delegateeedanurb
delegatorsteem
vesting shares9662.899531 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #38140621/Trx 801d2682cb35f94c042fb96cffb557a1d4ff9ca5
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 38140621,
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegatee": "edanurb",
      "delegator": "steem",
      "vesting_shares": "9662.899531 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2019-11-13T14:05:21",
  "trx_id": "801d2682cb35f94c042fb96cffb557a1d4ff9ca5",
  "trx_in_block": 20,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
2019/09/05 21:48:39
authorsteemitboard
bodyCongratulations @edanurb! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@edanurb/birthday1.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 1 year!</td></tr></table> <sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@edanurb) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=edanurb)_</sub> ###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!
json metadata{"image":["https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png"]}
parent authoredanurb
parent permlinkhow-did-people-make-glue-out-of-horses
permlinksteemitboard-notify-edanurb-20190905t214838000z
title
Transaction InfoBlock #36167093/Trx 8ac610297307fec83d1034ca943e748208fa43bb
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 36167093,
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "author": "steemitboard",
      "body": "Congratulations @edanurb! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@edanurb/birthday1.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 1 year!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@edanurb) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=edanurb)_</sub>\n\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
      "json_metadata": "{\"image\":[\"https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png\"]}",
      "parent_author": "edanurb",
      "parent_permlink": "how-did-people-make-glue-out-of-horses",
      "permlink": "steemitboard-notify-edanurb-20190905t214838000z",
      "title": ""
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2019-09-05T21:48:39",
  "trx_id": "8ac610297307fec83d1034ca943e748208fa43bb",
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
steemdelegated 6.063 SP to @edanurb
2018/12/09 20:58:45
delegateeedanurb
delegatorsteem
vesting shares9860.226026 VESTS
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2018/09/18 10:55:48
authormrvbaki
bodyMakbuş hırsızlığın lüzumu yok orjinal ol biraz.bir dost 😎
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permlinkre-edanurb-7-creepy-historical-photos-that-will-haunt-your-nightmares-20180918t105544578z
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Transaction InfoBlock #26050600/Trx 271bf3e4299503fbc05a06a7d80846a4900ae321
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2018/09/18 10:53:27
authoredanurb
permlinkhow-did-people-make-glue-out-of-horses
votermrvbaki
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2018/09/09 18:44:39
authoredanurb
bodyhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vzWMlgDAxR0
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parent permlinkhorse
permlinkhow-did-people-make-glue-out-of-horses
titleHow Did People Make Glue Out Of Horses ?
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edanurbpublished a new post: 4-children-for-sale
2018/09/08 17:16:24
authoredanurb
bodyAlthough the Great Depression of 1929 was mainly dedicated to the collapse of the stock market in the United States, he deserved to be named for the Great Depression in the past, considering the economic conditions on earth, the magnitude and influence of the crisis. The depression caused 50 million people to be unemployed in the world, resulting in a 42% reduction in world production and a 65% reduction in world trade. Looking at the other crises in the world until 1929, it can be predicted that the 1929 crisis will be so effective if world trade is thought to have fallen by at most 7%. The Great Depression brought with it countless unemployed, starvation and misery. The effects of the Great Depression, which is the world's greatest economic crisis, have continued for a very long time. While the dates indicated 1948, the US had not yet worn the wounds of the Great Depression. A photo taken in Indiana showed the dimensions of the storm. A family has put a sign on their garden for '4 children for sale' and a photo has appeared for a long time in memory![s-0621728e484d1697f433160587de37858848f24a.webp](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmcofViSxETEqPP1C43jpmSZSs1oLH4sgnFCJBszcS8jZo/s-0621728e484d1697f433160587de37858848f24a.webp) Photo by Bettmann / CORBIS In this photo taken in the US state of Indiana, four children seem to be sitting on the steps of their homes and their pregnant mothers hide their faces from the photographer. Unemployed father and wife decide to sell their four children and this picture, which stirs the hearts, comes to the water. The family accused of lying because of this photo in the headlines of the newspaper was sad about selling children unfortunately. Four children in the photo in two years and the baby in the mother's womb at that time are sold to different people. ![resized_10085-7053ff89four_children_for_sale_1948_2.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZL7s8z5n9UqH3uAcfLt555C2pNM6GuBU52EVTYds1vgm/resized_10085-7053ff89four_children_for_sale_1948_2.jpg) the photo taken in 2013, two sisters Sue and Rae seem to be posing with their only childhood memorabilia. Rae and his brother Milton were sold to the Zoeteman family on August 27, 1950. Their names have been changed to Beverly and Kenneth. Life did not go well for them because the new family tied them up in a chain in the barn and worked long hours in the field. Milton remembers that his father, who bought it, called him "slave", Milton said that he accepted it at that time, and he depends on not knowing why. At the time of the photo, David was in the womb of his mother and was adopted for the family of Harry and Luella McDaniel, who lived a few miles from the area where Rae and Milton stayed. David, who said that the family that adopted David was tight but loving, remembers that he went to them with his bike to see his brothers. Rae left home at the age of 17, unable to bear any more of the trauma she had experienced. ![resized_06f87-63fcc46dfour_children_for_sale_1948_3.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmcHJjxXfCrh8afRsnbc3vfPb57LNRUbWtdrRv2pQVJftX/resized_06f87-63fcc46dfour_children_for_sale_1948_3.jpg) RaeAnn Mills (left) and his brother Milton (right) were sold to the Zoeteman family. "It must burn in hell" The two brothers, Lana and Sue Ellen, did not know what their siblings were, but years later they reconnected with them via social media. Lana had lost her cancer in 1998. Sue Ellen Chalifoux was still alive and used his expressions of his biological mother: "It must be burned in hell". The biological mother, after selling five children, was re-married and had four more daughters. The mother, who expressed her regrets for selling her children, admits that this is a mistake.
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parent permlinkchildren
permlink4-children-for-sale
title4 children for sale
Transaction InfoBlock #25785695/Trx 3e8648362bc9b10c4c8bfe531aeef01c5c19eb65
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      "body": "Although the Great Depression of 1929 was mainly dedicated to the collapse of the stock market in the United States, he deserved to be named for the Great Depression in the past, considering the economic conditions on earth, the magnitude and influence of the crisis.\nThe depression caused 50 million people to be unemployed in the world, resulting in a 42% reduction in world production and a 65% reduction in world trade. Looking at the other crises in the world until 1929, it can be predicted that the 1929 crisis will be so effective if world trade is thought to have fallen by at most 7%.\nThe Great Depression brought with it countless unemployed, starvation and misery. The effects of the Great Depression, which is the world's greatest economic crisis, have continued for a very long time.\nWhile the dates indicated 1948, the US had not yet worn the wounds of the Great Depression. A photo taken in Indiana showed the dimensions of the storm. A family has put a sign on their garden for '4 children for sale' and a photo has appeared for a long time in memory![s-0621728e484d1697f433160587de37858848f24a.webp](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmcofViSxETEqPP1C43jpmSZSs1oLH4sgnFCJBszcS8jZo/s-0621728e484d1697f433160587de37858848f24a.webp)\n\nPhoto by Bettmann / CORBIS\nIn this photo taken in the US state of Indiana, four children seem to be sitting on the steps of their homes and their pregnant mothers hide their faces from the photographer. Unemployed father and wife decide to sell their four children and this picture, which stirs the hearts, comes to the water.\nThe family accused of lying because of this photo in the headlines of the newspaper was sad about selling children unfortunately. Four children in the photo in two years and the baby in the mother's womb at that time are sold to different people.\n![resized_10085-7053ff89four_children_for_sale_1948_2.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZL7s8z5n9UqH3uAcfLt555C2pNM6GuBU52EVTYds1vgm/resized_10085-7053ff89four_children_for_sale_1948_2.jpg)\n\nthe photo taken in 2013, two sisters Sue and Rae seem to be posing with their only childhood memorabilia.\nRae and his brother Milton were sold to the Zoeteman family on August 27, 1950. Their names have been changed to Beverly and Kenneth. Life did not go well for them because the new family tied them up in a chain in the barn and worked long hours in the field. Milton remembers that his father, who bought it, called him \"slave\", Milton said that he accepted it at that time, and he depends on not knowing why.\n\nAt the time of the photo, David was in the womb of his mother and was adopted for the family of Harry and Luella McDaniel, who lived a few miles from the area where Rae and Milton stayed. David, who said that the family that adopted David was tight but loving, remembers that he went to them with his bike to see his brothers. Rae left home at the age of 17, unable to bear any more of the trauma she had experienced.\n![resized_06f87-63fcc46dfour_children_for_sale_1948_3.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmcHJjxXfCrh8afRsnbc3vfPb57LNRUbWtdrRv2pQVJftX/resized_06f87-63fcc46dfour_children_for_sale_1948_3.jpg)\nRaeAnn Mills (left) and his brother Milton (right) were sold to the Zoeteman family.\n\"It must burn in hell\"\nThe two brothers, Lana and Sue Ellen, did not know what their siblings were, but years later they reconnected with them via social media. Lana had lost her cancer in 1998. Sue Ellen Chalifoux was still alive and used his expressions of his biological mother: \"It must be burned in hell\".\nThe biological mother, after selling five children, was re-married and had four more daughters. The mother, who expressed her regrets for selling her children, admits that this is a mistake.",
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2018/09/08 16:39:00
authoredanurb
body![IMG_20180430_231430_298.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZKFFThHQywoHHhNX4kecdXg5WM43D2vtwpShBpFz4M2c/IMG_20180430_231430_298.jpg)
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permlink7-creepy-historical-photos-that-will-haunt-your-nightmares
titleBatum
Transaction InfoBlock #25784948/Trx 55ae62d6fde291bb73cf873c86de25d6528b42e7
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2018/09/08 16:38:18
authoredanurb
body![IMG_20180430_231430_298.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZKFFThHQywoHHhNX4kecdXg5WM43D2vtwpShBpFz4M2c/IMG_20180430_231430_298.jpg)
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parent permlinkcreepy
permlink7-creepy-historical-photos-that-will-haunt-your-nightmares
titleBatum
Transaction InfoBlock #25784934/Trx a4dd9efa8523442e10a1cb21280cc06a9777ce2f
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2018/09/08 16:19:18
authorarthur.grafo
bodySince no photos show, this was almost complete waste of time. Luckily #cheetah provided the link. You do know that seeing this post of yours without a link to source, tells us that you are a thief? Not the best way for you to grow in Steemit - keep doing it and you'll find some people flagging you.
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permlinkre-edanurb-7-creepy-historical-photos-that-will-haunt-your-nightmares-20180908t161642811z
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      "body": "Since no photos show, this was almost  complete waste of time. Luckily #cheetah provided the link.\n\nYou do know that seeing this post of yours without a link to source, tells us that you are a thief? Not the best way for you to grow in Steemit - keep doing it and you'll find some people flagging you.",
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2018/09/08 15:57:54
authoredanurb
bodyIsn’t it amazing to know and understand what really happened in the past? It’s truly an eye opener to know how people lived before, how they suffered and survived those times. By learning history, it makes us appreciate what we currently have. But history can also give us fear, an unimaginable creepy feeling of uneasiness, especially if you see these spooky old photographs. After seeing these images you'll break out in a cold sweat and we can't guarantee that you will sleep peacefully tonight. 1. A baby in a refugee home in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ![s-cfbda9826f8acc1611d67c34dfc6ca52af3a3bc7.webp](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPsxbM8HeGg7Gh1dyNdbFLWe2swn9uuxTVTeNiDmMqowv/s-cfbda9826f8acc1611d67c34dfc6ca52af3a3bc7.webp) 2. Burned and melted wax figures after the 1925 fire at Madame Tussauds in London. ![s-5e300e4b43fb4ca848323a615703cb7e8e97a86b.webp](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmQvmC537CGNMVmByZZ6VZUmJhoQAyTgHaaiDKjv7Vdnjp/s-5e300e4b43fb4ca848323a615703cb7e8e97a86b.webp) 3. .Two-Headed Dog experiment in Russia, 1954 ![s-65d0fee1f6a9fd5a906f9f9a898f7bf262871744.webp](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPdzSozLd2fSDWsxbAUe8FUDmjGPaAwpHWHMKM8n1TcND/s-65d0fee1f6a9fd5a906f9f9a898f7bf262871744.webp) 4. Two women wearing bird headdresses have a chat. ![s-19b9449fb4cb8932610b514b5d34134a7bbc5be8.webp](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmezB6CAEud3WfCwTkiBKWVstoXmeMkFkzN7jCGPHSjV1z/s-19b9449fb4cb8932610b514b5d34134a7bbc5be8.webp) 5. Two engineers fix a Disney animatronic. ![s-cc43bc37d3c3b5ea142d3e23764ac85309da0cb0.webp](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmRofD28fu3MRrryaNYww6vQZ1TeoYuUGdm1RePP2PDT5t/s-cc43bc37d3c3b5ea142d3e23764ac85309da0cb0.webp) 6. The original Ronald McDonald, 1963. ![s-d15255a255d7b7df0c1bd6656e5163c3bccd07a3.webp](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmai4drH8BJkdxpimtAaU14AEZzruuYj5qfPAnipUaFqRy/s-d15255a255d7b7df0c1bd6656e5163c3bccd07a3.webp) 7. Myrtle Corbin, who was born in 1868 as a dipygus, which is a medical term for having an extra pelvis. ![s-405b7b55d93c04a96a7ec323cae47f407594e85e.webp](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPCJEyYbVAsphMfuWCn4m1vGqF3VyiKH5z3msDJzS17a1/s-405b7b55d93c04a96a7ec323cae47f407594e85e.webp) Myrtle spent her early years in a circus sideshow but later married a doctor, raised five children (using both of her two functional reproductive systems), and lived to the age of 60.
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permlink7-creepy-historical-photos-that-will-haunt-your-nightmares
title7 creepy historical moments
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      "body": "Isn’t it amazing to know and understand what really happened in the past? It’s truly an eye opener to know how people lived before, how they suffered and survived those times. By learning history, it makes us appreciate what we currently have.\n\nBut history can also give us fear, an unimaginable creepy feeling of uneasiness, especially if you see these spooky old photographs. After seeing these images you'll break out in a cold sweat and we can't guarantee that you will sleep peacefully tonight.\n\n1. A baby in a refugee home in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.\n![s-cfbda9826f8acc1611d67c34dfc6ca52af3a3bc7.webp](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPsxbM8HeGg7Gh1dyNdbFLWe2swn9uuxTVTeNiDmMqowv/s-cfbda9826f8acc1611d67c34dfc6ca52af3a3bc7.webp)\n2. Burned and melted wax figures after the 1925 fire at Madame Tussauds in London.\n![s-5e300e4b43fb4ca848323a615703cb7e8e97a86b.webp](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmQvmC537CGNMVmByZZ6VZUmJhoQAyTgHaaiDKjv7Vdnjp/s-5e300e4b43fb4ca848323a615703cb7e8e97a86b.webp)\n3. .Two-Headed Dog experiment in Russia, 1954\n![s-65d0fee1f6a9fd5a906f9f9a898f7bf262871744.webp](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPdzSozLd2fSDWsxbAUe8FUDmjGPaAwpHWHMKM8n1TcND/s-65d0fee1f6a9fd5a906f9f9a898f7bf262871744.webp)\n4. Two women wearing bird headdresses have a chat.\n![s-19b9449fb4cb8932610b514b5d34134a7bbc5be8.webp](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmezB6CAEud3WfCwTkiBKWVstoXmeMkFkzN7jCGPHSjV1z/s-19b9449fb4cb8932610b514b5d34134a7bbc5be8.webp)\n5. Two engineers fix a Disney animatronic.\n![s-cc43bc37d3c3b5ea142d3e23764ac85309da0cb0.webp](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmRofD28fu3MRrryaNYww6vQZ1TeoYuUGdm1RePP2PDT5t/s-cc43bc37d3c3b5ea142d3e23764ac85309da0cb0.webp)\n6. The original Ronald McDonald, 1963.\n![s-d15255a255d7b7df0c1bd6656e5163c3bccd07a3.webp](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmai4drH8BJkdxpimtAaU14AEZzruuYj5qfPAnipUaFqRy/s-d15255a255d7b7df0c1bd6656e5163c3bccd07a3.webp)\n7. Myrtle Corbin, who was born in 1868 as a dipygus, which is a medical term for having an extra pelvis.\n![s-405b7b55d93c04a96a7ec323cae47f407594e85e.webp](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPCJEyYbVAsphMfuWCn4m1vGqF3VyiKH5z3msDJzS17a1/s-405b7b55d93c04a96a7ec323cae47f407594e85e.webp)\nMyrtle spent her early years in a circus sideshow but later married a doctor, raised five children (using both of her two functional reproductive systems), and lived to the age of 60.",
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2018/09/08 15:54:15
authorcheetah
bodyHi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in: https://onedio.co/content/15-creepy-historical-photos-that-will-haunt-your-nightmares-15801
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2018/09/08 15:54:09
authoredanurb
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2018/09/08 15:54:00
authoredanurb
bodyIsn’t it amazing to know and understand what really happened in the past? It’s truly an eye opener to know how people lived before, how they suffered and survived those times. By learning history, it makes us appreciate what we currently have. But history can also give us fear, an unimaginable creepy feeling of uneasiness, especially if you see these spooky old photographs. After seeing these images you'll break out in a cold sweat and we can't guarantee that you will sleep peacefully tonight. 1. A baby in a refugee home in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ![s-cfbda9826f8acc1611d67c34dfc6ca52af3a3bc7.webp](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPsxbM8HeGg7Gh1dyNdbFLWe2swn9uuxTVTeNiDmMqowv/s-cfbda9826f8acc1611d67c34dfc6ca52af3a3bc7.webp) 2. Burned and melted wax figures after the 1925 fire at Madame Tussauds in London. ![s-5e300e4b43fb4ca848323a615703cb7e8e97a86b.webp](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmQvmC537CGNMVmByZZ6VZUmJhoQAyTgHaaiDKjv7Vdnjp/s-5e300e4b43fb4ca848323a615703cb7e8e97a86b.webp) 3. .Two-Headed Dog experiment in Russia, 1954 ![s-65d0fee1f6a9fd5a906f9f9a898f7bf262871744.webp](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPdzSozLd2fSDWsxbAUe8FUDmjGPaAwpHWHMKM8n1TcND/s-65d0fee1f6a9fd5a906f9f9a898f7bf262871744.webp) 4. Two women wearing bird headdresses have a chat. ![s-19b9449fb4cb8932610b514b5d34134a7bbc5be8.webp](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmezB6CAEud3WfCwTkiBKWVstoXmeMkFkzN7jCGPHSjV1z/s-19b9449fb4cb8932610b514b5d34134a7bbc5be8.webp) 5. Two engineers fix a Disney animatronic. ![s-cc43bc37d3c3b5ea142d3e23764ac85309da0cb0.webp](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmRofD28fu3MRrryaNYww6vQZ1TeoYuUGdm1RePP2PDT5t/s-cc43bc37d3c3b5ea142d3e23764ac85309da0cb0.webp) 6. The original Ronald McDonald, 1963. ![s-d15255a255d7b7df0c1bd6656e5163c3bccd07a3.webp](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmai4drH8BJkdxpimtAaU14AEZzruuYj5qfPAnipUaFqRy/s-d15255a255d7b7df0c1bd6656e5163c3bccd07a3.webp) 7. Myrtle Corbin, who was born in 1868 as a dipygus, which is a medical term for having an extra pelvis. ![s-405b7b55d93c04a96a7ec323cae47f407594e85e.webp](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPCJEyYbVAsphMfuWCn4m1vGqF3VyiKH5z3msDJzS17a1/s-405b7b55d93c04a96a7ec323cae47f407594e85e.webp) Myrtle spent her early years in a circus sideshow but later married a doctor, raised five children (using both of her two functional reproductive systems), and lived to the age of 60.
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title7 Creepy Historical Photos That Will Haunt Your Nightmares
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edanurbremoved vote from (0.00%) @edanurb / the-art
2018/09/07 22:50:00
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2018/09/07 22:45:57
authoredanurb
body![images (7).jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmcr1Aq74ifKaBvxhkuQb7rPPgvuktrtnkBiduyChBSks1/images%20(7).jpeg) Although it is not something widely advertised, many shopping malls use a technology that pumps out suggestive and subliminal messages under tranquil music that urge their customers “not to steal.” As crazy as it sounds, results would suggest that cases of shoplifting went down when this technology was used. Similar experiments, often using subliminal images, were sometimes used in cinemas and theaters to encourage sales of soft drinks and confectionaries. One particularly famous experiment flashed extremely brief images of Coca-Cola for a fraction of a second on the cinema screen. It was noted that sales of Coca-Cola would always increase more than normal following these subliminal images. While this type of “soft mind control” appears harmless enough—and in the case of the shopping mall instructions, is a good public service—many people in conspiracy circles question how safe the general public is from such messages if the instruction is changed from “don’t steal” to “kill people,” for example.
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permlinkaudio-messages-under-the-music-in-shopping-malls
titleAudio Messages Under The Music In Shopping Malls
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edanurbupvoted (100.00%) @edanurb / the-art
2018/09/07 08:14:57
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2018/09/07 08:14:51
authoredanurb
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2018/09/07 08:14:39
authoredanurb
permlinkmusic-and-sound-wall
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2018/09/07 08:14:36
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edanurbupvoted (100.00%) @edanurb / the-fish
2018/09/07 08:14:33
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edanurbupvoted (100.00%) @edanurb / end-of-life
2018/09/07 08:14:24
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2018/09/07 08:13:57
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2018/09/06 23:54:18
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2018/09/06 23:45:30
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2018/09/06 23:42:33
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2018/09/06 23:31:45
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2018/09/06 23:31:21
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edanurbpublished a new post: the-art
2018/09/06 23:18:42
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body![DSC_0047-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZPcWthvJ8DsfAx2X2RD2t9uvNkCUGjNatAhimyK4xMYp/DSC_0047-01.jpeg)
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titleThe art
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edanurbpublished a new post: explore-the-turkey-3
2018/09/06 23:07:06
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body![IMG_20160816_151013.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmTPhr4nUDyfBrJ577hAueBvoRTctjtnUr85FGHsBuPBWg/IMG_20160816_151013.jpg) Antalya/ kaleici
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permlinkexplore-the-turkey-3
titleExplore the Turkey /3
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2018/09/06 23:02:09
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bodyHierapolis, whose name means "sacred city," was believed by the ancients to have been founded by the god Apollo. It was famed for its sacred hot springs, whose vapors were associated with Pluto, god of the underworld. The city also had a significant Jewish community and was mentioned by Paul in his Letter to Colossians. ![IMG_20161126_134425.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPkZVnQmMsznK8bXcA3ihdYhCJRK7xDcvpYH6S6uafkwE/IMG_20161126_134425.jpg)![IMG-20161104-WA0012.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmXvi9ZrGFwEBvpTxu1QGPoDMNqtm7sqE42VXa1DhEPtod/IMG-20161104-WA0012.jpg) Today, Hierapolis is a World Heritage Site and popular tourist destination. In addition to interesting Classical ruins, the site offers a thermal Sacred Pool in which you can swim with ancient artifacts, a view of the spectacular white terraces of Pamukkale, and a good museum. In the Bible Hierapolis is mentioned only once in the Bible, when St. Paul praises Epaphras, a Christian from Colossae, in his letter to the Colossians. Paul writes that Epaphras "has worked hard for you and for those in Laodicea and in Hierapolis" (Colossians 4:12-13). Epaphras was probably the founder of the Christian community at Hierapolis. Ancient tradition also associates Hierapolis with a biblical figure, reporting that Philip died in Hierapolis around 80 AD. However, it is not clear which Philip is menat. It could be Philip the Apostle, one of the original 12 disciples, who is said to have been martyred by upside-down crucifixion (Acts of Philip) or by being hung upside down by his ankles from a tree. Or Philip could be Philip the Evangelist, a later disciple who helped with administrative matters and had four virgin-prophetess daughters (Acts 6:1-7; 21:8-9). Early traditions say this Philip was buried in Hierapolis along with his virgin daughters, but confusingly call him "Philip the Apostle"! In any case, it seems a prominent person mentioned in Acts did die in Hierapolis. ![DSC_0414-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmam7wsV4uYKtFctkxoUUEt3NrbbK3XRFMMnL4qscAW5bk/DSC_0414-01.jpeg) History of Hierapolis (Pamukkale) Usually said to be founded by Eumenes II, king of Pergamum (197-159 BC), Hierapolis may actually have been established closer to the 4th century BC by the Seleucid kings. The name of the city may derive from Hiera, the wife of Telephus (son of Hercules and grandson of Zeus), the mythical founder of Pergamum. Or it may have been called the "sacred city" because of the temples located at the site. (The name Pamukkale is sometimes used just to refer to the white terraces, but the modern name of the whole area is also Pamukkale.) With Colossae and Laodicea, Hierapolis became part of the tri-city area of the Lycus River valley. Hierapolis was located across the river from the other two cities and was noted for its textiles, especially wool. The city was also famous for its purple dye, made from the juice of the madder root. ![DSC_0442-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmewbvFkKCoWNPgSocptbmdHfb4S4CieL5gKrSkENZSQUQ/DSC_0442-01.jpeg) ![IMG-20161104-WA0015-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmdjc54PxPNHYeYFN4dVeGCezqAikUntnRsKV5pr51c995/IMG-20161104-WA0015-01.jpeg) The hot springs at Hierapolis (which still attract visitors today) were believed to have healing properties, and people came to the city to bathe in the rich mineral waters in order to cure various ailments. Hierapolis was dedicated to Apollo Lairbenos, who was said to have founded the city. The Temple of Apollo that survives in ruins today dates from the 3rd century AD, but its foundations date from the Hellenistic period. Also worshipped at Hierapolis was Pluto, god of the underworld, probably in relation to the hot gases released by the earth (see the Plutonium, below). The chief religious festival of ancient Hierapolis was the Letoia, in honor of the the goddess Leto, a Greek form of the Mother Goddess. The goddess was honoured with orgiastic rites. Hierapolis was ceded to Rome in 133 BC along with the rest of the Pergamene kingdom, and became part of the Roman province of Asia. The city was destroyed by an earthquake in 60 AD but rebuilt, and it reached its peak in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD. Famous natives of Hierapolis include the Stoic philosopher Epictetus (c.55-c.135 AD) and the philosopher and rhetorician Antipater. Emperor Septimus hired Antipater to tutor his sons Caracalla and Geta, who became emperors themselves. Hierapolis had a significant Jewish population in ancient times, as evidence by numerous inscriptions on tombs and elsewhere in the city. Some of the Jews are named as members of the various craft guilds of the city. This was probably the basis for the Christian conversion of some residents of Hierapolis, recorded in Colossians 4:13. In the 5th century, several churches as well as a large martyrium dedicated to St. Philip (see "In the Bible," below) were built in Hierapolis. The city fell into decline in the 6th century, and the site became partially submerged under water and deposits of travertine. It was finally abandoned in 1334 after an earthquake. Excavations began to uncover Hierapolis in the 19th century. ![DSC_0405-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPvgDVEogwC2cP4nKmAJ4qm4BQh7dGq798fKSQdT7nqdp/DSC_0405-01.jpeg)What to See at Hierapolis (Pamukkale) Long before you arrive in Hierapolis, you can see the gleaming white travertine terraces of Pamukkale, located next to the ruins of Hierapolis. The extraordinary effect is created when water from the hot springs loses carbon dioxide as it flows down the slopes, leaving deposits of limestone. The layers of white calcium carbonate, built up in steps on the plateau, gave the site the name Pamukkale ("cotton castle"). Unfortunately, but understandably, visitors are no longer allowed to walk on the terraces in order to protect them from damage. A good place to start your tour is the small but excellent Pamukkale Museum, located near the parking area and housed in part of the south Roman baths (early 2nd century BC). The displays are presented attractively and include signs in Turkish and English. The collections include coins, jewelry, sarcophagi and architectural fragments among other items; the highlights are the statues and reliefs. After the museum, there is a lot to see among the ruins of Hierapolis. Most of what you see today is from the Roman period, as the original Hellenistic city was destroyed by successive earthquakes in 17 AD and 60 AD. The site is surrounded by Byzantine walls, outside of which is an extensive necropolis. ![IMG-20161030-WA0005-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQma2UiB9D1K2BrT1yhgF1AMetqLJvMXsTnTsF3U8Ga125T/IMG-20161030-WA0005-01.jpeg) Nearest the museum is a complex that includes the Sacred Pool, a colonnaded street, and a basilica church. The Sacred Pool is warmed by hot springs and littered with underwater fragments of ancient marble columns. Possibly associated with the Temple of Apollo, the pool provides today's visitors a rare opportunity to swim with antiquities! During the Roman period, columned porticoes surrounded the pool; earthquakes toppled them into the water where they lie today. Behind the Sacred Pool is the nymphaeum, a monumental fountain that distributed water to the city. Dating from the 4th century AD, it has been partially restored. Three walls surround a basin of water, which was approached by steps on the open side. Statues filled the niches in the walls. Next to the nymphaeum is the Temple of Apollo, the patron god and divine founder of the city. All that remains are the foundations, platform and entry steps; the foundations are Hellenistic and the rest is Roman (3rd century AD). South of the temple is the Plutonium, a sacred cave believed to be an entrance to the underworld, the domain of the Roman god Pluto (the Greek Hades). The cave emitted poisonous vapors in ancient times, and still does! For this reason, the entrance is sealed off. According to the Greek geographer Strabo, the priests of Cybele were able to enter the sacred chamber safely, but animals who entered it died (Geography 13.4.14). East of the Temple of Apollo, toward the theater, are the ruins of a peristyle house with Ionic columns. Dating from the 6th century AD, it includes a courtyard with a floor made from polished stone or glass (called the "opus sectile technique"). The theater of Hierapolis is well-preserved, especially the stage buildings, which were beautifully decorated with reliefs. Constructed around 200 BC, the theater could hold 20,000 spectators and had reserved seating for distinguished spectators in the front row. Today, just 30 rows of seating have survived. ![IMG-20161104-WA0007-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmUrZiuwWGCDNk5arTbtazkxgKuMeFwv2Fdijiv4UbfUKF/IMG-20161104-WA0007-01.jpeg) The main thoroughfare of Hierapolis was a wide, colonnaded street called the Plateia, which ran from the Arch of Domitian to the south gate. There is a ruined church across from the Martyrium near the Agora and another one built inside the baths on the other (north) side of the Agora. ![DSC_0477-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmWXnrtZaB36nhrwnqz1T7hDDdmScvWAAKXMGv6iwQ9hmB/DSC_0477-01.jpeg) The Martyrium (or Martyrion) of St. Philip, outside the walls by the northern part of the city, was built in the 5th century AD on the site of Philip's martyrdom (see "In the Bible," above). A square building with an octagonal rotunda, it measures 65 feet (20 m) per side. In the center was a crypt believed to contain the remains of Philip. The building seems not to have been used as a church (no altar was found) nor as a burial site (no other tombs were found); it was probably set aside for processions and special services. Crosses and other Christian symbols can be seen carved over the arches. To the west and south of the martyrium are the west necropolis and east necropolis, respectively. Another large necropolis is further to the north (see below). Also near here is a small early theater, of which little remains. ![IMG-20161104-WA0016-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbLzFXgfa5QyG1ycZhZjD3PYRY4798FxffMWvMAVNAZ8E/IMG-20161104-WA0016-01.jpeg) Northwest of the theater are the north Roman baths, built around the late 2nd century AD and used as a Christian basilica beginning in the 5th century. To the north of the main ruins and along the modern road is the north necropolis (graveyard), the largest in Anatolia. It contains more than 1,200 tombs of various types, including tumuli, sarcophagi and house-shaped tombs from the Hellenistic, Roman and early Christian periods. Some have Jewish inscriptions. Nearby is the monumental Gate of Domitian (pictured at top), constructed around 83 AD to serve as the northern entrance to the city. It has three arches and two towers, and originally had two stories. The gate led into a colonnaded street known as Frontinus Street (named for its builder, the proconsul of Asia, who also built the Gate of Domitian). This was the heart of the city during Roman times, containing shops and public buildings under covered walkways. On the left of the gate is a large latrine. To the right of the gate is the tomb of Flavius Zeuxis (pictured at top), notable because of its inscription proclaiming that the Hierapolis merchant had traveled to Italy 72 times by sea. ![IMG-20161031-WA0046-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZfJ5F1RBZVNEnjwF59j48QzLXzM5vvkjspwcr2Hq5fmy/IMG-20161031-WA0046-01.jpeg) East of the main street is the huge agora, the largest uncovered one discovered in the ancient world. It is 580 feet wide and 920 feet long and was surrounded by Ionic columns. To the agora's east and up a flight of steps was a large stoa-basilica, 66 feet wide and 920 feet long. This was once richly decorated with popular ancient motifs including sphinxes, lions, bulls, garlands, Eros figures and Gorgon masks. ![DSC_0386-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZ81ybWbjMmegAgNi6PosHHLEF8rzugfT2Bh68r6j3a15/DSC_0386-01.jpeg) On the southwest side of the agora is a Byzantine Gate, part of the early 5th-century Byzantine wall that protected the city from invaders. Between the Byzantine Gate and the parking area, near the museum, are the remains of another 5th or 6th century Christian basilica.
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permlinkhierapolis-pamukkale-explore-the-turkey-2
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      "body": "Hierapolis, whose name means \"sacred city,\" was believed by the ancients to have been founded by the god Apollo. It was famed for its sacred hot springs, whose vapors were associated with Pluto, god of the underworld. The city also had a significant Jewish community and was mentioned by Paul in his Letter to Colossians.\n\n![IMG_20161126_134425.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPkZVnQmMsznK8bXcA3ihdYhCJRK7xDcvpYH6S6uafkwE/IMG_20161126_134425.jpg)![IMG-20161104-WA0012.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmXvi9ZrGFwEBvpTxu1QGPoDMNqtm7sqE42VXa1DhEPtod/IMG-20161104-WA0012.jpg)\n\nToday, Hierapolis is a World Heritage Site and popular tourist destination. In addition to interesting Classical ruins, the site offers a thermal Sacred Pool in which you can swim with ancient artifacts, a view of the spectacular white terraces of Pamukkale, and a good museum.\n\nIn the Bible\nHierapolis is mentioned only once in the Bible, when St. Paul praises Epaphras, a Christian from Colossae, in his letter to the Colossians. Paul writes that Epaphras \"has worked hard for you and for those in Laodicea and in Hierapolis\" (Colossians 4:12-13). Epaphras was probably the founder of the Christian community at Hierapolis.\n\nAncient tradition also associates Hierapolis with a biblical figure, reporting that Philip died in Hierapolis around 80 AD. However, it is not clear which Philip is menat. It could be Philip the Apostle, one of the original 12 disciples, who is said to have been martyred by upside-down crucifixion (Acts of Philip) or by being hung upside down by his ankles from a tree.\n\nOr Philip could be Philip the Evangelist, a later disciple who helped with administrative matters and had four virgin-prophetess daughters (Acts 6:1-7; 21:8-9). Early traditions say this Philip was buried in Hierapolis along with his virgin daughters, but confusingly call him \"Philip the Apostle\"! In any case, it seems a prominent person mentioned in Acts did die in Hierapolis.\n![DSC_0414-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmam7wsV4uYKtFctkxoUUEt3NrbbK3XRFMMnL4qscAW5bk/DSC_0414-01.jpeg)\nHistory of Hierapolis (Pamukkale)\nUsually said to be founded by Eumenes II, king of Pergamum (197-159 BC), Hierapolis may actually have been established closer to the 4th century BC by the Seleucid kings.\n\nThe name of the city may derive from Hiera, the wife of Telephus (son of Hercules and grandson of Zeus), the mythical founder of Pergamum. Or it may have been called the \"sacred city\" because of the temples located at the site. (The name Pamukkale is sometimes used just to refer to the white terraces, but the modern name of the whole area is also Pamukkale.)\n\nWith Colossae and Laodicea, Hierapolis became part of the tri-city area of the Lycus River valley. Hierapolis was located across the river from the other two cities and was noted for its textiles, especially wool. The city was also famous for its purple dye, made from the juice of the madder root.\n![DSC_0442-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmewbvFkKCoWNPgSocptbmdHfb4S4CieL5gKrSkENZSQUQ/DSC_0442-01.jpeg)\n![IMG-20161104-WA0015-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmdjc54PxPNHYeYFN4dVeGCezqAikUntnRsKV5pr51c995/IMG-20161104-WA0015-01.jpeg)\nThe hot springs at Hierapolis (which still attract visitors today) were believed to have healing properties, and people came to the city to bathe in the rich mineral waters in order to cure various ailments.\n\nHierapolis was dedicated to Apollo Lairbenos, who was said to have founded the city. The Temple of Apollo that survives in ruins today dates from the 3rd century AD, but its foundations date from the Hellenistic period.\n\nAlso worshipped at Hierapolis was Pluto, god of the underworld, probably in relation to the hot gases released by the earth (see the Plutonium, below). The chief religious festival of ancient Hierapolis was the Letoia, in honor of the the goddess Leto, a Greek form of the Mother Goddess. The goddess was honoured with orgiastic rites.\n\nHierapolis was ceded to Rome in 133 BC along with the rest of the Pergamene kingdom, and became part of the Roman province of Asia. The city was destroyed by an earthquake in 60 AD but rebuilt, and it reached its peak in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD.\n\nFamous natives of Hierapolis include the Stoic philosopher Epictetus (c.55-c.135 AD) and the philosopher and rhetorician Antipater. Emperor Septimus hired Antipater to tutor his sons Caracalla and Geta, who became emperors themselves.\n\nHierapolis had a significant Jewish population in ancient times, as evidence by numerous inscriptions on tombs and elsewhere in the city. Some of the Jews are named as members of the various craft guilds of the city. This was probably the basis for the Christian conversion of some residents of Hierapolis, recorded in Colossians 4:13.\n\nIn the 5th century, several churches as well as a large martyrium dedicated to St. Philip (see \"In the Bible,\" below) were built in Hierapolis. The city fell into decline in the 6th century, and the site became partially submerged under water and deposits of travertine. It was finally abandoned in 1334 after an earthquake. Excavations began to uncover Hierapolis in the 19th century.\n\n![DSC_0405-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPvgDVEogwC2cP4nKmAJ4qm4BQh7dGq798fKSQdT7nqdp/DSC_0405-01.jpeg)What to See at Hierapolis (Pamukkale)\nLong before you arrive in Hierapolis, you can see the gleaming white travertine terraces of Pamukkale, located next to the ruins of Hierapolis. The extraordinary effect is created when water from the hot springs loses carbon dioxide as it flows down the slopes, leaving deposits of limestone. The layers of white calcium carbonate, built up in steps on the plateau, gave the site the name Pamukkale (\"cotton castle\"). Unfortunately, but understandably, visitors are no longer allowed to walk on the terraces in order to protect them from damage.\n\nA good place to start your tour is the small but excellent Pamukkale Museum, located near the parking area and housed in part of the south Roman baths (early 2nd century BC). The displays are presented attractively and include signs in Turkish and English. The collections include coins, jewelry, sarcophagi and architectural fragments among other items; the highlights are the statues and reliefs.\n\nAfter the museum, there is a lot to see among the ruins of Hierapolis. Most of what you see today is from the Roman period, as the original Hellenistic city was destroyed by successive earthquakes in 17 AD and 60 AD. The site is surrounded by Byzantine walls, outside of which is an extensive necropolis.\n![IMG-20161030-WA0005-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQma2UiB9D1K2BrT1yhgF1AMetqLJvMXsTnTsF3U8Ga125T/IMG-20161030-WA0005-01.jpeg)\nNearest the museum is a complex that includes the Sacred Pool, a colonnaded street, and a basilica church. The Sacred Pool is warmed by hot springs and littered with underwater fragments of ancient marble columns. Possibly associated with the Temple of Apollo, the pool provides today's visitors a rare opportunity to swim with antiquities! During the Roman period, columned porticoes surrounded the pool; earthquakes toppled them into the water where they lie today.\n\nBehind the Sacred Pool is the nymphaeum, a monumental fountain that distributed water to the city. Dating from the 4th century AD, it has been partially restored. Three walls surround a basin of water, which was approached by steps on the open side. Statues filled the niches in the walls.\n\nNext to the nymphaeum is the Temple of Apollo, the patron god and divine founder of the city. All that remains are the foundations, platform and entry steps; the foundations are Hellenistic and the rest is Roman (3rd century AD).\n\nSouth of the temple is the Plutonium, a sacred cave believed to be an entrance to the underworld, the domain of the Roman god Pluto (the Greek Hades). The cave emitted poisonous vapors in ancient times, and still does! For this reason, the entrance is sealed off. According to the Greek geographer Strabo, the priests of Cybele were able to enter the sacred chamber safely, but animals who entered it died (Geography 13.4.14).\n\nEast of the Temple of Apollo, toward the theater, are the ruins of a peristyle house with Ionic columns. Dating from the 6th century AD, it includes a courtyard with a floor made from polished stone or glass (called the \"opus sectile technique\").\n\nThe theater of Hierapolis is well-preserved, especially the stage buildings, which were beautifully decorated with reliefs. Constructed around 200 BC, the theater could hold 20,000 spectators and had reserved seating for distinguished spectators in the front row. Today, just 30 rows of seating have survived.\n![IMG-20161104-WA0007-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmUrZiuwWGCDNk5arTbtazkxgKuMeFwv2Fdijiv4UbfUKF/IMG-20161104-WA0007-01.jpeg)\nThe main thoroughfare of Hierapolis was a wide, colonnaded street called the Plateia, which ran from the Arch of Domitian to the south gate.\n\nThere is a ruined church across from the Martyrium near the Agora and another one built inside the baths on the other (north) side of the Agora.\n![DSC_0477-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmWXnrtZaB36nhrwnqz1T7hDDdmScvWAAKXMGv6iwQ9hmB/DSC_0477-01.jpeg)\nThe Martyrium (or Martyrion) of St. Philip, outside the walls by the northern part of the city, was built in the 5th century AD on the site of Philip's martyrdom (see \"In the Bible,\" above). A square building with an octagonal rotunda, it measures 65 feet (20 m) per side. In the center was a crypt believed to contain the remains of Philip. The building seems not to have been used as a church (no altar was found) nor as a burial site (no other tombs were found); it was probably set aside for processions and special services. Crosses and other Christian symbols can be seen carved over the arches.\n\nTo the west and south of the martyrium are the west necropolis and east necropolis, respectively. Another large necropolis is further to the north (see below). Also near here is a small early theater, of which little remains.\n![IMG-20161104-WA0016-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbLzFXgfa5QyG1ycZhZjD3PYRY4798FxffMWvMAVNAZ8E/IMG-20161104-WA0016-01.jpeg)\nNorthwest of the theater are the north Roman baths, built around the late 2nd century AD and used as a Christian basilica beginning in the 5th century.\n\nTo the north of the main ruins and along the modern road is the north necropolis (graveyard), the largest in Anatolia. It contains more than 1,200 tombs of various types, including tumuli, sarcophagi and house-shaped tombs from the Hellenistic, Roman and early Christian periods. Some have Jewish inscriptions.\n\nNearby is the monumental Gate of Domitian (pictured at top), constructed around 83 AD to serve as the northern entrance to the city. It has three arches and two towers, and originally had two stories. The gate led into a colonnaded street known as Frontinus Street (named for its builder, the proconsul of Asia, who also built the Gate of Domitian). This was the heart of the city during Roman times, containing shops and public buildings under covered walkways.\n\nOn the left of the gate is a large latrine. To the right of the gate is the tomb of Flavius Zeuxis (pictured at top), notable because of its inscription proclaiming that the Hierapolis merchant had traveled to Italy 72 times by sea.\n![IMG-20161031-WA0046-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZfJ5F1RBZVNEnjwF59j48QzLXzM5vvkjspwcr2Hq5fmy/IMG-20161031-WA0046-01.jpeg)\nEast of the main street is the huge agora, the largest uncovered one discovered in the ancient world. It is 580 feet wide and 920 feet long and was surrounded by Ionic columns. To the agora's east and up a flight of steps was a large stoa-basilica, 66 feet wide and 920 feet long. This was once richly decorated with popular ancient motifs including sphinxes, lions, bulls, garlands, Eros figures and Gorgon masks.\n![DSC_0386-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZ81ybWbjMmegAgNi6PosHHLEF8rzugfT2Bh68r6j3a15/DSC_0386-01.jpeg)\nOn the southwest side of the agora is a Byzantine Gate, part of the early 5th-century Byzantine wall that protected the city from invaders. Between the Byzantine Gate and the parking area, near the museum, are the remains of another 5th or 6th century Christian basilica.",
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      "parent_permlink": "hierapolis",
      "permlink": "hierapolis-pamukkale-explore-the-turkey-2",
      "title": "Hierapolis (Pamukkale)/ Explore the turkey -2"
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  "timestamp": "2018-09-06T23:02:09",
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2018/09/06 23:00:33
authoredanurb
bodyHierapolis, whose name means "sacred city," was believed by the ancients to have been founded by the god Apollo. It was famed for its sacred hot springs, whose vapors were associated with Pluto, god of the underworld. The city also had a significant Jewish community and was mentioned by Paul in his Letter to Colossians. ![IMG_20161126_134425.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPkZVnQmMsznK8bXcA3ihdYhCJRK7xDcvpYH6S6uafkwE/IMG_20161126_134425.jpg)![IMG-20161104-WA0012.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmXvi9ZrGFwEBvpTxu1QGPoDMNqtm7sqE42VXa1DhEPtod/IMG-20161104-WA0012.jpg) Today, Hierapolis is a World Heritage Site and popular tourist destination. In addition to interesting Classical ruins, the site offers a thermal Sacred Pool in which you can swim with ancient artifacts, a view of the spectacular white terraces of Pamukkale, and a good museum. In the Bible Hierapolis is mentioned only once in the Bible, when St. Paul praises Epaphras, a Christian from Colossae, in his letter to the Colossians. Paul writes that Epaphras "has worked hard for you and for those in Laodicea and in Hierapolis" (Colossians 4:12-13). Epaphras was probably the founder of the Christian community at Hierapolis. Ancient tradition also associates Hierapolis with a biblical figure, reporting that Philip died in Hierapolis around 80 AD. However, it is not clear which Philip is menat. It could be Philip the Apostle, one of the original 12 disciples, who is said to have been martyred by upside-down crucifixion (Acts of Philip) or by being hung upside down by his ankles from a tree. Or Philip could be Philip the Evangelist, a later disciple who helped with administrative matters and had four virgin-prophetess daughters (Acts 6:1-7; 21:8-9). Early traditions say this Philip was buried in Hierapolis along with his virgin daughters, but confusingly call him "Philip the Apostle"! In any case, it seems a prominent person mentioned in Acts did die in Hierapolis. ![DSC_0414-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmam7wsV4uYKtFctkxoUUEt3NrbbK3XRFMMnL4qscAW5bk/DSC_0414-01.jpeg) History of Hierapolis (Pamukkale) Usually said to be founded by Eumenes II, king of Pergamum (197-159 BC), Hierapolis may actually have been established closer to the 4th century BC by the Seleucid kings. The name of the city may derive from Hiera, the wife of Telephus (son of Hercules and grandson of Zeus), the mythical founder of Pergamum. Or it may have been called the "sacred city" because of the temples located at the site. (The name Pamukkale is sometimes used just to refer to the white terraces, but the modern name of the whole area is also Pamukkale.) With Colossae and Laodicea, Hierapolis became part of the tri-city area of the Lycus River valley. Hierapolis was located across the river from the other two cities and was noted for its textiles, especially wool. The city was also famous for its purple dye, made from the juice of the madder root. ![DSC_0442-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmewbvFkKCoWNPgSocptbmdHfb4S4CieL5gKrSkENZSQUQ/DSC_0442-01.jpeg) ![IMG-20161104-WA0015-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmdjc54PxPNHYeYFN4dVeGCezqAikUntnRsKV5pr51c995/IMG-20161104-WA0015-01.jpeg) The hot springs at Hierapolis (which still attract visitors today) were believed to have healing properties, and people came to the city to bathe in the rich mineral waters in order to cure various ailments. Hierapolis was dedicated to Apollo Lairbenos, who was said to have founded the city. The Temple of Apollo that survives in ruins today dates from the 3rd century AD, but its foundations date from the Hellenistic period. Also worshipped at Hierapolis was Pluto, god of the underworld, probably in relation to the hot gases released by the earth (see the Plutonium, below). The chief religious festival of ancient Hierapolis was the Letoia, in honor of the the goddess Leto, a Greek form of the Mother Goddess. The goddess was honoured with orgiastic rites. Hierapolis was ceded to Rome in 133 BC along with the rest of the Pergamene kingdom, and became part of the Roman province of Asia. The city was destroyed by an earthquake in 60 AD but rebuilt, and it reached its peak in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD. Famous natives of Hierapolis include the Stoic philosopher Epictetus (c.55-c.135 AD) and the philosopher and rhetorician Antipater. Emperor Septimus hired Antipater to tutor his sons Caracalla and Geta, who became emperors themselves. Hierapolis had a significant Jewish population in ancient times, as evidence by numerous inscriptions on tombs and elsewhere in the city. Some of the Jews are named as members of the various craft guilds of the city. This was probably the basis for the Christian conversion of some residents of Hierapolis, recorded in Colossians 4:13. In the 5th century, several churches as well as a large martyrium dedicated to St. Philip (see "In the Bible," below) were built in Hierapolis. The city fell into decline in the 6th century, and the site became partially submerged under water and deposits of travertine. It was finally abandoned in 1334 after an earthquake. Excavations began to uncover Hierapolis in the 19th century. ![DSC_0405-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPvgDVEogwC2cP4nKmAJ4qm4BQh7dGq798fKSQdT7nqdp/DSC_0405-01.jpeg)What to See at Hierapolis (Pamukkale) Long before you arrive in Hierapolis, you can see the gleaming white travertine terraces of Pamukkale, located next to the ruins of Hierapolis. The extraordinary effect is created when water from the hot springs loses carbon dioxide as it flows down the slopes, leaving deposits of limestone. The layers of white calcium carbonate, built up in steps on the plateau, gave the site the name Pamukkale ("cotton castle"). Unfortunately, but understandably, visitors are no longer allowed to walk on the terraces in order to protect them from damage. A good place to start your tour is the small but excellent Pamukkale Museum, located near the parking area and housed in part of the south Roman baths (early 2nd century BC). The displays are presented attractively and include signs in Turkish and English. The collections include coins, jewelry, sarcophagi and architectural fragments among other items; the highlights are the statues and reliefs. After the museum, there is a lot to see among the ruins of Hierapolis. Most of what you see today is from the Roman period, as the original Hellenistic city was destroyed by successive earthquakes in 17 AD and 60 AD. The site is surrounded by Byzantine walls, outside of which is an extensive necropolis. ![IMG-20161030-WA0005-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQma2UiB9D1K2BrT1yhgF1AMetqLJvMXsTnTsF3U8Ga125T/IMG-20161030-WA0005-01.jpeg) Nearest the museum is a complex that includes the Sacred Pool, a colonnaded street, and a basilica church. The Sacred Pool is warmed by hot springs and littered with underwater fragments of ancient marble columns. Possibly associated with the Temple of Apollo, the pool provides today's visitors a rare opportunity to swim with antiquities! During the Roman period, columned porticoes surrounded the pool; earthquakes toppled them into the water where they lie today. Behind the Sacred Pool is the nymphaeum, a monumental fountain that distributed water to the city. Dating from the 4th century AD, it has been partially restored. Three walls surround a basin of water, which was approached by steps on the open side. Statues filled the niches in the walls. Next to the nymphaeum is the Temple of Apollo, the patron god and divine founder of the city. All that remains are the foundations, platform and entry steps; the foundations are Hellenistic and the rest is Roman (3rd century AD). South of the temple is the Plutonium, a sacred cave believed to be an entrance to the underworld, the domain of the Roman god Pluto (the Greek Hades). The cave emitted poisonous vapors in ancient times, and still does! For this reason, the entrance is sealed off. According to the Greek geographer Strabo, the priests of Cybele were able to enter the sacred chamber safely, but animals who entered it died (Geography 13.4.14). East of the Temple of Apollo, toward the theater, are the ruins of a peristyle house with Ionic columns. Dating from the 6th century AD, it includes a courtyard with a floor made from polished stone or glass (called the "opus sectile technique"). The theater of Hierapolis is well-preserved, especially the stage buildings, which were beautifully decorated with reliefs. Constructed around 200 BC, the theater could hold 20,000 spectators and had reserved seating for distinguished spectators in the front row. Today, just 30 rows of seating have survived. ![IMG-20161104-WA0007-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmUrZiuwWGCDNk5arTbtazkxgKuMeFwv2Fdijiv4UbfUKF/IMG-20161104-WA0007-01.jpeg) The main thoroughfare of Hierapolis was a wide, colonnaded street called the Plateia, which ran from the Arch of Domitian to the south gate. There is a ruined church across from the Martyrium near the Agora and another one built inside the baths on the other (north) side of the Agora. ![DSC_0477-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmWXnrtZaB36nhrwnqz1T7hDDdmScvWAAKXMGv6iwQ9hmB/DSC_0477-01.jpeg) The Martyrium (or Martyrion) of St. Philip, outside the walls by the northern part of the city, was built in the 5th century AD on the site of Philip's martyrdom (see "In the Bible," above). A square building with an octagonal rotunda, it measures 65 feet (20 m) per side. In the center was a crypt believed to contain the remains of Philip. The building seems not to have been used as a church (no altar was found) nor as a burial site (no other tombs were found); it was probably set aside for processions and special services. Crosses and other Christian symbols can be seen carved over the arches. To the west and south of the martyrium are the west necropolis and east necropolis, respectively. Another large necropolis is further to the north (see below). Also near here is a small early theater, of which little remains. ![IMG-20161104-WA0016-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbLzFXgfa5QyG1ycZhZjD3PYRY4798FxffMWvMAVNAZ8E/IMG-20161104-WA0016-01.jpeg) Northwest of the theater are the north Roman baths, built around the late 2nd century AD and used as a Christian basilica beginning in the 5th century. To the north of the main ruins and along the modern road is the north necropolis (graveyard), the largest in Anatolia. It contains more than 1,200 tombs of various types, including tumuli, sarcophagi and house-shaped tombs from the Hellenistic, Roman and early Christian periods. Some have Jewish inscriptions. Nearby is the monumental Gate of Domitian (pictured at top), constructed around 83 AD to serve as the northern entrance to the city. It has three arches and two towers, and originally had two stories. The gate led into a colonnaded street known as Frontinus Street (named for its builder, the proconsul of Asia, who also built the Gate of Domitian). This was the heart of the city during Roman times, containing shops and public buildings under covered walkways. On the left of the gate is a large latrine. To the right of the gate is the tomb of Flavius Zeuxis (pictured at top), notable because of its inscription proclaiming that the Hierapolis merchant had traveled to Italy 72 times by sea. ![IMG-20161031-WA0046-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZfJ5F1RBZVNEnjwF59j48QzLXzM5vvkjspwcr2Hq5fmy/IMG-20161031-WA0046-01.jpeg) East of the main street is the huge agora, the largest uncovered one discovered in the ancient world. It is 580 feet wide and 920 feet long and was surrounded by Ionic columns. To the agora's east and up a flight of steps was a large stoa-basilica, 66 feet wide and 920 feet long. This was once richly decorated with popular ancient motifs including sphinxes, lions, bulls, garlands, Eros figures and Gorgon masks. ![DSC_0386-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZ81ybWbjMmegAgNi6PosHHLEF8rzugfT2Bh68r6j3a15/DSC_0386-01.jpeg) On the southwest side of the agora is a Byzantine Gate, part of the early 5th-century Byzantine wall that protected the city from invaders. Between the Byzantine Gate and the parking area, near the museum, are the remains of another 5th or 6th century Christian basilica.
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permlinkhierapolis-pamukkale-explore-the-turkey-2
titleHierapolis (Pamukkale)/ Explore the türkiye-2
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      "body": "Hierapolis, whose name means \"sacred city,\" was believed by the ancients to have been founded by the god Apollo. It was famed for its sacred hot springs, whose vapors were associated with Pluto, god of the underworld. The city also had a significant Jewish community and was mentioned by Paul in his Letter to Colossians.\n\n![IMG_20161126_134425.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPkZVnQmMsznK8bXcA3ihdYhCJRK7xDcvpYH6S6uafkwE/IMG_20161126_134425.jpg)![IMG-20161104-WA0012.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmXvi9ZrGFwEBvpTxu1QGPoDMNqtm7sqE42VXa1DhEPtod/IMG-20161104-WA0012.jpg)\n\nToday, Hierapolis is a World Heritage Site and popular tourist destination. In addition to interesting Classical ruins, the site offers a thermal Sacred Pool in which you can swim with ancient artifacts, a view of the spectacular white terraces of Pamukkale, and a good museum.\n\nIn the Bible\nHierapolis is mentioned only once in the Bible, when St. Paul praises Epaphras, a Christian from Colossae, in his letter to the Colossians. Paul writes that Epaphras \"has worked hard for you and for those in Laodicea and in Hierapolis\" (Colossians 4:12-13). Epaphras was probably the founder of the Christian community at Hierapolis.\n\nAncient tradition also associates Hierapolis with a biblical figure, reporting that Philip died in Hierapolis around 80 AD. However, it is not clear which Philip is menat. It could be Philip the Apostle, one of the original 12 disciples, who is said to have been martyred by upside-down crucifixion (Acts of Philip) or by being hung upside down by his ankles from a tree.\n\nOr Philip could be Philip the Evangelist, a later disciple who helped with administrative matters and had four virgin-prophetess daughters (Acts 6:1-7; 21:8-9). Early traditions say this Philip was buried in Hierapolis along with his virgin daughters, but confusingly call him \"Philip the Apostle\"! In any case, it seems a prominent person mentioned in Acts did die in Hierapolis.\n![DSC_0414-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmam7wsV4uYKtFctkxoUUEt3NrbbK3XRFMMnL4qscAW5bk/DSC_0414-01.jpeg)\nHistory of Hierapolis (Pamukkale)\nUsually said to be founded by Eumenes II, king of Pergamum (197-159 BC), Hierapolis may actually have been established closer to the 4th century BC by the Seleucid kings.\n\nThe name of the city may derive from Hiera, the wife of Telephus (son of Hercules and grandson of Zeus), the mythical founder of Pergamum. Or it may have been called the \"sacred city\" because of the temples located at the site. (The name Pamukkale is sometimes used just to refer to the white terraces, but the modern name of the whole area is also Pamukkale.)\n\nWith Colossae and Laodicea, Hierapolis became part of the tri-city area of the Lycus River valley. Hierapolis was located across the river from the other two cities and was noted for its textiles, especially wool. The city was also famous for its purple dye, made from the juice of the madder root.\n![DSC_0442-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmewbvFkKCoWNPgSocptbmdHfb4S4CieL5gKrSkENZSQUQ/DSC_0442-01.jpeg)\n![IMG-20161104-WA0015-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmdjc54PxPNHYeYFN4dVeGCezqAikUntnRsKV5pr51c995/IMG-20161104-WA0015-01.jpeg)\nThe hot springs at Hierapolis (which still attract visitors today) were believed to have healing properties, and people came to the city to bathe in the rich mineral waters in order to cure various ailments.\n\nHierapolis was dedicated to Apollo Lairbenos, who was said to have founded the city. The Temple of Apollo that survives in ruins today dates from the 3rd century AD, but its foundations date from the Hellenistic period.\n\nAlso worshipped at Hierapolis was Pluto, god of the underworld, probably in relation to the hot gases released by the earth (see the Plutonium, below). The chief religious festival of ancient Hierapolis was the Letoia, in honor of the the goddess Leto, a Greek form of the Mother Goddess. The goddess was honoured with orgiastic rites.\n\nHierapolis was ceded to Rome in 133 BC along with the rest of the Pergamene kingdom, and became part of the Roman province of Asia. The city was destroyed by an earthquake in 60 AD but rebuilt, and it reached its peak in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD.\n\nFamous natives of Hierapolis include the Stoic philosopher Epictetus (c.55-c.135 AD) and the philosopher and rhetorician Antipater. Emperor Septimus hired Antipater to tutor his sons Caracalla and Geta, who became emperors themselves.\n\nHierapolis had a significant Jewish population in ancient times, as evidence by numerous inscriptions on tombs and elsewhere in the city. Some of the Jews are named as members of the various craft guilds of the city. This was probably the basis for the Christian conversion of some residents of Hierapolis, recorded in Colossians 4:13.\n\nIn the 5th century, several churches as well as a large martyrium dedicated to St. Philip (see \"In the Bible,\" below) were built in Hierapolis. The city fell into decline in the 6th century, and the site became partially submerged under water and deposits of travertine. It was finally abandoned in 1334 after an earthquake. Excavations began to uncover Hierapolis in the 19th century.\n\n![DSC_0405-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPvgDVEogwC2cP4nKmAJ4qm4BQh7dGq798fKSQdT7nqdp/DSC_0405-01.jpeg)What to See at Hierapolis (Pamukkale)\nLong before you arrive in Hierapolis, you can see the gleaming white travertine terraces of Pamukkale, located next to the ruins of Hierapolis. The extraordinary effect is created when water from the hot springs loses carbon dioxide as it flows down the slopes, leaving deposits of limestone. The layers of white calcium carbonate, built up in steps on the plateau, gave the site the name Pamukkale (\"cotton castle\"). Unfortunately, but understandably, visitors are no longer allowed to walk on the terraces in order to protect them from damage.\n\nA good place to start your tour is the small but excellent Pamukkale Museum, located near the parking area and housed in part of the south Roman baths (early 2nd century BC). The displays are presented attractively and include signs in Turkish and English. The collections include coins, jewelry, sarcophagi and architectural fragments among other items; the highlights are the statues and reliefs.\n\nAfter the museum, there is a lot to see among the ruins of Hierapolis. Most of what you see today is from the Roman period, as the original Hellenistic city was destroyed by successive earthquakes in 17 AD and 60 AD. The site is surrounded by Byzantine walls, outside of which is an extensive necropolis.\n![IMG-20161030-WA0005-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQma2UiB9D1K2BrT1yhgF1AMetqLJvMXsTnTsF3U8Ga125T/IMG-20161030-WA0005-01.jpeg)\nNearest the museum is a complex that includes the Sacred Pool, a colonnaded street, and a basilica church. The Sacred Pool is warmed by hot springs and littered with underwater fragments of ancient marble columns. Possibly associated with the Temple of Apollo, the pool provides today's visitors a rare opportunity to swim with antiquities! During the Roman period, columned porticoes surrounded the pool; earthquakes toppled them into the water where they lie today.\n\nBehind the Sacred Pool is the nymphaeum, a monumental fountain that distributed water to the city. Dating from the 4th century AD, it has been partially restored. Three walls surround a basin of water, which was approached by steps on the open side. Statues filled the niches in the walls.\n\nNext to the nymphaeum is the Temple of Apollo, the patron god and divine founder of the city. All that remains are the foundations, platform and entry steps; the foundations are Hellenistic and the rest is Roman (3rd century AD).\n\nSouth of the temple is the Plutonium, a sacred cave believed to be an entrance to the underworld, the domain of the Roman god Pluto (the Greek Hades). The cave emitted poisonous vapors in ancient times, and still does! For this reason, the entrance is sealed off. According to the Greek geographer Strabo, the priests of Cybele were able to enter the sacred chamber safely, but animals who entered it died (Geography 13.4.14).\n\nEast of the Temple of Apollo, toward the theater, are the ruins of a peristyle house with Ionic columns. Dating from the 6th century AD, it includes a courtyard with a floor made from polished stone or glass (called the \"opus sectile technique\").\n\nThe theater of Hierapolis is well-preserved, especially the stage buildings, which were beautifully decorated with reliefs. Constructed around 200 BC, the theater could hold 20,000 spectators and had reserved seating for distinguished spectators in the front row. Today, just 30 rows of seating have survived.\n![IMG-20161104-WA0007-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmUrZiuwWGCDNk5arTbtazkxgKuMeFwv2Fdijiv4UbfUKF/IMG-20161104-WA0007-01.jpeg)\nThe main thoroughfare of Hierapolis was a wide, colonnaded street called the Plateia, which ran from the Arch of Domitian to the south gate.\n\nThere is a ruined church across from the Martyrium near the Agora and another one built inside the baths on the other (north) side of the Agora.\n![DSC_0477-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmWXnrtZaB36nhrwnqz1T7hDDdmScvWAAKXMGv6iwQ9hmB/DSC_0477-01.jpeg)\nThe Martyrium (or Martyrion) of St. Philip, outside the walls by the northern part of the city, was built in the 5th century AD on the site of Philip's martyrdom (see \"In the Bible,\" above). A square building with an octagonal rotunda, it measures 65 feet (20 m) per side. In the center was a crypt believed to contain the remains of Philip. The building seems not to have been used as a church (no altar was found) nor as a burial site (no other tombs were found); it was probably set aside for processions and special services. Crosses and other Christian symbols can be seen carved over the arches.\n\nTo the west and south of the martyrium are the west necropolis and east necropolis, respectively. Another large necropolis is further to the north (see below). Also near here is a small early theater, of which little remains.\n![IMG-20161104-WA0016-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbLzFXgfa5QyG1ycZhZjD3PYRY4798FxffMWvMAVNAZ8E/IMG-20161104-WA0016-01.jpeg)\nNorthwest of the theater are the north Roman baths, built around the late 2nd century AD and used as a Christian basilica beginning in the 5th century.\n\nTo the north of the main ruins and along the modern road is the north necropolis (graveyard), the largest in Anatolia. It contains more than 1,200 tombs of various types, including tumuli, sarcophagi and house-shaped tombs from the Hellenistic, Roman and early Christian periods. Some have Jewish inscriptions.\n\nNearby is the monumental Gate of Domitian (pictured at top), constructed around 83 AD to serve as the northern entrance to the city. It has three arches and two towers, and originally had two stories. The gate led into a colonnaded street known as Frontinus Street (named for its builder, the proconsul of Asia, who also built the Gate of Domitian). This was the heart of the city during Roman times, containing shops and public buildings under covered walkways.\n\nOn the left of the gate is a large latrine. To the right of the gate is the tomb of Flavius Zeuxis (pictured at top), notable because of its inscription proclaiming that the Hierapolis merchant had traveled to Italy 72 times by sea.\n![IMG-20161031-WA0046-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZfJ5F1RBZVNEnjwF59j48QzLXzM5vvkjspwcr2Hq5fmy/IMG-20161031-WA0046-01.jpeg)\nEast of the main street is the huge agora, the largest uncovered one discovered in the ancient world. It is 580 feet wide and 920 feet long and was surrounded by Ionic columns. To the agora's east and up a flight of steps was a large stoa-basilica, 66 feet wide and 920 feet long. This was once richly decorated with popular ancient motifs including sphinxes, lions, bulls, garlands, Eros figures and Gorgon masks.\n![DSC_0386-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZ81ybWbjMmegAgNi6PosHHLEF8rzugfT2Bh68r6j3a15/DSC_0386-01.jpeg)\nOn the southwest side of the agora is a Byzantine Gate, part of the early 5th-century Byzantine wall that protected the city from invaders. Between the Byzantine Gate and the parking area, near the museum, are the remains of another 5th or 6th century Christian basilica.",
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2018/09/06 23:00:12
authorresteemsupport
bodyHello edanurb! Congratulations! This post has been randomly Resteemed! For a chance to get more of your content resteemed join the [Steem Engine Team](https://steemit.com/steemit/@steemengineteam/join-steemengine-today)
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2018/09/06 23:00:12
authordailyxkcd
bodyIf you are going through hell, keep going.
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2018/09/06 22:59:30
authorcheetah
bodyHi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in: http://www.travelephesus.net/tour/daily-pamukkale-tour-2
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2018/09/06 22:59:27
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2018/09/06 22:59:18
authoredanurb
bodyHierapolis, whose name means "sacred city," was believed by the ancients to have been founded by the god Apollo. It was famed for its sacred hot springs, whose vapors were associated with Pluto, god of the underworld. The city also had a significant Jewish community and was mentioned by Paul in his Letter to Colossians. ![IMG_20161126_134425.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPkZVnQmMsznK8bXcA3ihdYhCJRK7xDcvpYH6S6uafkwE/IMG_20161126_134425.jpg)![IMG-20161104-WA0012.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmXvi9ZrGFwEBvpTxu1QGPoDMNqtm7sqE42VXa1DhEPtod/IMG-20161104-WA0012.jpg) Today, Hierapolis is a World Heritage Site and popular tourist destination. In addition to interesting Classical ruins, the site offers a thermal Sacred Pool in which you can swim with ancient artifacts, a view of the spectacular white terraces of Pamukkale, and a good museum. In the Bible Hierapolis is mentioned only once in the Bible, when St. Paul praises Epaphras, a Christian from Colossae, in his letter to the Colossians. Paul writes that Epaphras "has worked hard for you and for those in Laodicea and in Hierapolis" (Colossians 4:12-13). Epaphras was probably the founder of the Christian community at Hierapolis. Ancient tradition also associates Hierapolis with a biblical figure, reporting that Philip died in Hierapolis around 80 AD. However, it is not clear which Philip is menat. It could be Philip the Apostle, one of the original 12 disciples, who is said to have been martyred by upside-down crucifixion (Acts of Philip) or by being hung upside down by his ankles from a tree. Or Philip could be Philip the Evangelist, a later disciple who helped with administrative matters and had four virgin-prophetess daughters (Acts 6:1-7; 21:8-9). Early traditions say this Philip was buried in Hierapolis along with his virgin daughters, but confusingly call him "Philip the Apostle"! In any case, it seems a prominent person mentioned in Acts did die in Hierapolis. ![DSC_0414-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmam7wsV4uYKtFctkxoUUEt3NrbbK3XRFMMnL4qscAW5bk/DSC_0414-01.jpeg) History of Hierapolis (Pamukkale) Usually said to be founded by Eumenes II, king of Pergamum (197-159 BC), Hierapolis may actually have been established closer to the 4th century BC by the Seleucid kings. The name of the city may derive from Hiera, the wife of Telephus (son of Hercules and grandson of Zeus), the mythical founder of Pergamum. Or it may have been called the "sacred city" because of the temples located at the site. (The name Pamukkale is sometimes used just to refer to the white terraces, but the modern name of the whole area is also Pamukkale.) With Colossae and Laodicea, Hierapolis became part of the tri-city area of the Lycus River valley. Hierapolis was located across the river from the other two cities and was noted for its textiles, especially wool. The city was also famous for its purple dye, made from the juice of the madder root. ![DSC_0442-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmewbvFkKCoWNPgSocptbmdHfb4S4CieL5gKrSkENZSQUQ/DSC_0442-01.jpeg) ![IMG-20161104-WA0015-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmdjc54PxPNHYeYFN4dVeGCezqAikUntnRsKV5pr51c995/IMG-20161104-WA0015-01.jpeg) The hot springs at Hierapolis (which still attract visitors today) were believed to have healing properties, and people came to the city to bathe in the rich mineral waters in order to cure various ailments. Hierapolis was dedicated to Apollo Lairbenos, who was said to have founded the city. The Temple of Apollo that survives in ruins today dates from the 3rd century AD, but its foundations date from the Hellenistic period. Also worshipped at Hierapolis was Pluto, god of the underworld, probably in relation to the hot gases released by the earth (see the Plutonium, below). The chief religious festival of ancient Hierapolis was the Letoia, in honor of the the goddess Leto, a Greek form of the Mother Goddess. The goddess was honoured with orgiastic rites. Hierapolis was ceded to Rome in 133 BC along with the rest of the Pergamene kingdom, and became part of the Roman province of Asia. The city was destroyed by an earthquake in 60 AD but rebuilt, and it reached its peak in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD. Famous natives of Hierapolis include the Stoic philosopher Epictetus (c.55-c.135 AD) and the philosopher and rhetorician Antipater. Emperor Septimus hired Antipater to tutor his sons Caracalla and Geta, who became emperors themselves. Hierapolis had a significant Jewish population in ancient times, as evidence by numerous inscriptions on tombs and elsewhere in the city. Some of the Jews are named as members of the various craft guilds of the city. This was probably the basis for the Christian conversion of some residents of Hierapolis, recorded in Colossians 4:13. In the 5th century, several churches as well as a large martyrium dedicated to St. Philip (see "In the Bible," below) were built in Hierapolis. The city fell into decline in the 6th century, and the site became partially submerged under water and deposits of travertine. It was finally abandoned in 1334 after an earthquake. Excavations began to uncover Hierapolis in the 19th century. ![DSC_0405-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPvgDVEogwC2cP4nKmAJ4qm4BQh7dGq798fKSQdT7nqdp/DSC_0405-01.jpeg)What to See at Hierapolis (Pamukkale) Long before you arrive in Hierapolis, you can see the gleaming white travertine terraces of Pamukkale, located next to the ruins of Hierapolis. The extraordinary effect is created when water from the hot springs loses carbon dioxide as it flows down the slopes, leaving deposits of limestone. The layers of white calcium carbonate, built up in steps on the plateau, gave the site the name Pamukkale ("cotton castle"). Unfortunately, but understandably, visitors are no longer allowed to walk on the terraces in order to protect them from damage. A good place to start your tour is the small but excellent Pamukkale Museum, located near the parking area and housed in part of the south Roman baths (early 2nd century BC). The displays are presented attractively and include signs in Turkish and English. The collections include coins, jewelry, sarcophagi and architectural fragments among other items; the highlights are the statues and reliefs. After the museum, there is a lot to see among the ruins of Hierapolis. Most of what you see today is from the Roman period, as the original Hellenistic city was destroyed by successive earthquakes in 17 AD and 60 AD. The site is surrounded by Byzantine walls, outside of which is an extensive necropolis. ![IMG-20161030-WA0005-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQma2UiB9D1K2BrT1yhgF1AMetqLJvMXsTnTsF3U8Ga125T/IMG-20161030-WA0005-01.jpeg) Nearest the museum is a complex that includes the Sacred Pool, a colonnaded street, and a basilica church. The Sacred Pool is warmed by hot springs and littered with underwater fragments of ancient marble columns. Possibly associated with the Temple of Apollo, the pool provides today's visitors a rare opportunity to swim with antiquities! During the Roman period, columned porticoes surrounded the pool; earthquakes toppled them into the water where they lie today. Behind the Sacred Pool is the nymphaeum, a monumental fountain that distributed water to the city. Dating from the 4th century AD, it has been partially restored. Three walls surround a basin of water, which was approached by steps on the open side. Statues filled the niches in the walls. Next to the nymphaeum is the Temple of Apollo, the patron god and divine founder of the city. All that remains are the foundations, platform and entry steps; the foundations are Hellenistic and the rest is Roman (3rd century AD). South of the temple is the Plutonium, a sacred cave believed to be an entrance to the underworld, the domain of the Roman god Pluto (the Greek Hades). The cave emitted poisonous vapors in ancient times, and still does! For this reason, the entrance is sealed off. According to the Greek geographer Strabo, the priests of Cybele were able to enter the sacred chamber safely, but animals who entered it died (Geography 13.4.14). East of the Temple of Apollo, toward the theater, are the ruins of a peristyle house with Ionic columns. Dating from the 6th century AD, it includes a courtyard with a floor made from polished stone or glass (called the "opus sectile technique"). The theater of Hierapolis is well-preserved, especially the stage buildings, which were beautifully decorated with reliefs. Constructed around 200 BC, the theater could hold 20,000 spectators and had reserved seating for distinguished spectators in the front row. Today, just 30 rows of seating have survived. ![IMG-20161104-WA0007-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmUrZiuwWGCDNk5arTbtazkxgKuMeFwv2Fdijiv4UbfUKF/IMG-20161104-WA0007-01.jpeg) The main thoroughfare of Hierapolis was a wide, colonnaded street called the Plateia, which ran from the Arch of Domitian to the south gate. There is a ruined church across from the Martyrium near the Agora and another one built inside the baths on the other (north) side of the Agora. ![DSC_0477-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmWXnrtZaB36nhrwnqz1T7hDDdmScvWAAKXMGv6iwQ9hmB/DSC_0477-01.jpeg) The Martyrium (or Martyrion) of St. Philip, outside the walls by the northern part of the city, was built in the 5th century AD on the site of Philip's martyrdom (see "In the Bible," above). A square building with an octagonal rotunda, it measures 65 feet (20 m) per side. In the center was a crypt believed to contain the remains of Philip. The building seems not to have been used as a church (no altar was found) nor as a burial site (no other tombs were found); it was probably set aside for processions and special services. Crosses and other Christian symbols can be seen carved over the arches. To the west and south of the martyrium are the west necropolis and east necropolis, respectively. Another large necropolis is further to the north (see below). Also near here is a small early theater, of which little remains. ![IMG-20161104-WA0016-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbLzFXgfa5QyG1ycZhZjD3PYRY4798FxffMWvMAVNAZ8E/IMG-20161104-WA0016-01.jpeg) Northwest of the theater are the north Roman baths, built around the late 2nd century AD and used as a Christian basilica beginning in the 5th century. To the north of the main ruins and along the modern road is the north necropolis (graveyard), the largest in Anatolia. It contains more than 1,200 tombs of various types, including tumuli, sarcophagi and house-shaped tombs from the Hellenistic, Roman and early Christian periods. Some have Jewish inscriptions. Nearby is the monumental Gate of Domitian (pictured at top), constructed around 83 AD to serve as the northern entrance to the city. It has three arches and two towers, and originally had two stories. The gate led into a colonnaded street known as Frontinus Street (named for its builder, the proconsul of Asia, who also built the Gate of Domitian). This was the heart of the city during Roman times, containing shops and public buildings under covered walkways. On the left of the gate is a large latrine. To the right of the gate is the tomb of Flavius Zeuxis (pictured at top), notable because of its inscription proclaiming that the Hierapolis merchant had traveled to Italy 72 times by sea. ![IMG-20161031-WA0046-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZfJ5F1RBZVNEnjwF59j48QzLXzM5vvkjspwcr2Hq5fmy/IMG-20161031-WA0046-01.jpeg) East of the main street is the huge agora, the largest uncovered one discovered in the ancient world. It is 580 feet wide and 920 feet long and was surrounded by Ionic columns. To the agora's east and up a flight of steps was a large stoa-basilica, 66 feet wide and 920 feet long. This was once richly decorated with popular ancient motifs including sphinxes, lions, bulls, garlands, Eros figures and Gorgon masks. ![DSC_0386-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZ81ybWbjMmegAgNi6PosHHLEF8rzugfT2Bh68r6j3a15/DSC_0386-01.jpeg) On the southwest side of the agora is a Byzantine Gate, part of the early 5th-century Byzantine wall that protected the city from invaders. Between the Byzantine Gate and the parking area, near the museum, are the remains of another 5th or 6th century Christian basilica.
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permlinkhierapolis-pamukkale-explore-the-turkey-2
titleHierapolis (Pamukkale)/ Explore the turkey-2
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      "body": "Hierapolis, whose name means \"sacred city,\" was believed by the ancients to have been founded by the god Apollo. It was famed for its sacred hot springs, whose vapors were associated with Pluto, god of the underworld. The city also had a significant Jewish community and was mentioned by Paul in his Letter to Colossians.\n\n![IMG_20161126_134425.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPkZVnQmMsznK8bXcA3ihdYhCJRK7xDcvpYH6S6uafkwE/IMG_20161126_134425.jpg)![IMG-20161104-WA0012.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmXvi9ZrGFwEBvpTxu1QGPoDMNqtm7sqE42VXa1DhEPtod/IMG-20161104-WA0012.jpg)\n\nToday, Hierapolis is a World Heritage Site and popular tourist destination. In addition to interesting Classical ruins, the site offers a thermal Sacred Pool in which you can swim with ancient artifacts, a view of the spectacular white terraces of Pamukkale, and a good museum.\n\nIn the Bible\nHierapolis is mentioned only once in the Bible, when St. Paul praises Epaphras, a Christian from Colossae, in his letter to the Colossians. Paul writes that Epaphras \"has worked hard for you and for those in Laodicea and in Hierapolis\" (Colossians 4:12-13). Epaphras was probably the founder of the Christian community at Hierapolis.\n\nAncient tradition also associates Hierapolis with a biblical figure, reporting that Philip died in Hierapolis around 80 AD. However, it is not clear which Philip is menat. It could be Philip the Apostle, one of the original 12 disciples, who is said to have been martyred by upside-down crucifixion (Acts of Philip) or by being hung upside down by his ankles from a tree.\n\nOr Philip could be Philip the Evangelist, a later disciple who helped with administrative matters and had four virgin-prophetess daughters (Acts 6:1-7; 21:8-9). Early traditions say this Philip was buried in Hierapolis along with his virgin daughters, but confusingly call him \"Philip the Apostle\"! In any case, it seems a prominent person mentioned in Acts did die in Hierapolis.\n![DSC_0414-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmam7wsV4uYKtFctkxoUUEt3NrbbK3XRFMMnL4qscAW5bk/DSC_0414-01.jpeg)\nHistory of Hierapolis (Pamukkale)\nUsually said to be founded by Eumenes II, king of Pergamum (197-159 BC), Hierapolis may actually have been established closer to the 4th century BC by the Seleucid kings.\n\nThe name of the city may derive from Hiera, the wife of Telephus (son of Hercules and grandson of Zeus), the mythical founder of Pergamum. Or it may have been called the \"sacred city\" because of the temples located at the site. (The name Pamukkale is sometimes used just to refer to the white terraces, but the modern name of the whole area is also Pamukkale.)\n\nWith Colossae and Laodicea, Hierapolis became part of the tri-city area of the Lycus River valley. Hierapolis was located across the river from the other two cities and was noted for its textiles, especially wool. The city was also famous for its purple dye, made from the juice of the madder root.\n![DSC_0442-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmewbvFkKCoWNPgSocptbmdHfb4S4CieL5gKrSkENZSQUQ/DSC_0442-01.jpeg)\n![IMG-20161104-WA0015-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmdjc54PxPNHYeYFN4dVeGCezqAikUntnRsKV5pr51c995/IMG-20161104-WA0015-01.jpeg)\nThe hot springs at Hierapolis (which still attract visitors today) were believed to have healing properties, and people came to the city to bathe in the rich mineral waters in order to cure various ailments.\n\nHierapolis was dedicated to Apollo Lairbenos, who was said to have founded the city. The Temple of Apollo that survives in ruins today dates from the 3rd century AD, but its foundations date from the Hellenistic period.\n\nAlso worshipped at Hierapolis was Pluto, god of the underworld, probably in relation to the hot gases released by the earth (see the Plutonium, below). The chief religious festival of ancient Hierapolis was the Letoia, in honor of the the goddess Leto, a Greek form of the Mother Goddess. The goddess was honoured with orgiastic rites.\n\nHierapolis was ceded to Rome in 133 BC along with the rest of the Pergamene kingdom, and became part of the Roman province of Asia. The city was destroyed by an earthquake in 60 AD but rebuilt, and it reached its peak in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD.\n\nFamous natives of Hierapolis include the Stoic philosopher Epictetus (c.55-c.135 AD) and the philosopher and rhetorician Antipater. Emperor Septimus hired Antipater to tutor his sons Caracalla and Geta, who became emperors themselves.\n\nHierapolis had a significant Jewish population in ancient times, as evidence by numerous inscriptions on tombs and elsewhere in the city. Some of the Jews are named as members of the various craft guilds of the city. This was probably the basis for the Christian conversion of some residents of Hierapolis, recorded in Colossians 4:13.\n\nIn the 5th century, several churches as well as a large martyrium dedicated to St. Philip (see \"In the Bible,\" below) were built in Hierapolis. The city fell into decline in the 6th century, and the site became partially submerged under water and deposits of travertine. It was finally abandoned in 1334 after an earthquake. Excavations began to uncover Hierapolis in the 19th century.\n\n![DSC_0405-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPvgDVEogwC2cP4nKmAJ4qm4BQh7dGq798fKSQdT7nqdp/DSC_0405-01.jpeg)What to See at Hierapolis (Pamukkale)\nLong before you arrive in Hierapolis, you can see the gleaming white travertine terraces of Pamukkale, located next to the ruins of Hierapolis. The extraordinary effect is created when water from the hot springs loses carbon dioxide as it flows down the slopes, leaving deposits of limestone. The layers of white calcium carbonate, built up in steps on the plateau, gave the site the name Pamukkale (\"cotton castle\"). Unfortunately, but understandably, visitors are no longer allowed to walk on the terraces in order to protect them from damage.\n\nA good place to start your tour is the small but excellent Pamukkale Museum, located near the parking area and housed in part of the south Roman baths (early 2nd century BC). The displays are presented attractively and include signs in Turkish and English. The collections include coins, jewelry, sarcophagi and architectural fragments among other items; the highlights are the statues and reliefs.\n\nAfter the museum, there is a lot to see among the ruins of Hierapolis. Most of what you see today is from the Roman period, as the original Hellenistic city was destroyed by successive earthquakes in 17 AD and 60 AD. The site is surrounded by Byzantine walls, outside of which is an extensive necropolis.\n![IMG-20161030-WA0005-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQma2UiB9D1K2BrT1yhgF1AMetqLJvMXsTnTsF3U8Ga125T/IMG-20161030-WA0005-01.jpeg)\nNearest the museum is a complex that includes the Sacred Pool, a colonnaded street, and a basilica church. The Sacred Pool is warmed by hot springs and littered with underwater fragments of ancient marble columns. Possibly associated with the Temple of Apollo, the pool provides today's visitors a rare opportunity to swim with antiquities! During the Roman period, columned porticoes surrounded the pool; earthquakes toppled them into the water where they lie today.\n\nBehind the Sacred Pool is the nymphaeum, a monumental fountain that distributed water to the city. Dating from the 4th century AD, it has been partially restored. Three walls surround a basin of water, which was approached by steps on the open side. Statues filled the niches in the walls.\n\nNext to the nymphaeum is the Temple of Apollo, the patron god and divine founder of the city. All that remains are the foundations, platform and entry steps; the foundations are Hellenistic and the rest is Roman (3rd century AD).\n\nSouth of the temple is the Plutonium, a sacred cave believed to be an entrance to the underworld, the domain of the Roman god Pluto (the Greek Hades). The cave emitted poisonous vapors in ancient times, and still does! For this reason, the entrance is sealed off. According to the Greek geographer Strabo, the priests of Cybele were able to enter the sacred chamber safely, but animals who entered it died (Geography 13.4.14).\n\nEast of the Temple of Apollo, toward the theater, are the ruins of a peristyle house with Ionic columns. Dating from the 6th century AD, it includes a courtyard with a floor made from polished stone or glass (called the \"opus sectile technique\").\n\nThe theater of Hierapolis is well-preserved, especially the stage buildings, which were beautifully decorated with reliefs. Constructed around 200 BC, the theater could hold 20,000 spectators and had reserved seating for distinguished spectators in the front row. Today, just 30 rows of seating have survived.\n![IMG-20161104-WA0007-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmUrZiuwWGCDNk5arTbtazkxgKuMeFwv2Fdijiv4UbfUKF/IMG-20161104-WA0007-01.jpeg)\nThe main thoroughfare of Hierapolis was a wide, colonnaded street called the Plateia, which ran from the Arch of Domitian to the south gate.\n\nThere is a ruined church across from the Martyrium near the Agora and another one built inside the baths on the other (north) side of the Agora.\n![DSC_0477-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmWXnrtZaB36nhrwnqz1T7hDDdmScvWAAKXMGv6iwQ9hmB/DSC_0477-01.jpeg)\nThe Martyrium (or Martyrion) of St. Philip, outside the walls by the northern part of the city, was built in the 5th century AD on the site of Philip's martyrdom (see \"In the Bible,\" above). A square building with an octagonal rotunda, it measures 65 feet (20 m) per side. In the center was a crypt believed to contain the remains of Philip. The building seems not to have been used as a church (no altar was found) nor as a burial site (no other tombs were found); it was probably set aside for processions and special services. Crosses and other Christian symbols can be seen carved over the arches.\n\nTo the west and south of the martyrium are the west necropolis and east necropolis, respectively. Another large necropolis is further to the north (see below). Also near here is a small early theater, of which little remains.\n![IMG-20161104-WA0016-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbLzFXgfa5QyG1ycZhZjD3PYRY4798FxffMWvMAVNAZ8E/IMG-20161104-WA0016-01.jpeg)\nNorthwest of the theater are the north Roman baths, built around the late 2nd century AD and used as a Christian basilica beginning in the 5th century.\n\nTo the north of the main ruins and along the modern road is the north necropolis (graveyard), the largest in Anatolia. It contains more than 1,200 tombs of various types, including tumuli, sarcophagi and house-shaped tombs from the Hellenistic, Roman and early Christian periods. Some have Jewish inscriptions.\n\nNearby is the monumental Gate of Domitian (pictured at top), constructed around 83 AD to serve as the northern entrance to the city. It has three arches and two towers, and originally had two stories. The gate led into a colonnaded street known as Frontinus Street (named for its builder, the proconsul of Asia, who also built the Gate of Domitian). This was the heart of the city during Roman times, containing shops and public buildings under covered walkways.\n\nOn the left of the gate is a large latrine. To the right of the gate is the tomb of Flavius Zeuxis (pictured at top), notable because of its inscription proclaiming that the Hierapolis merchant had traveled to Italy 72 times by sea.\n![IMG-20161031-WA0046-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZfJ5F1RBZVNEnjwF59j48QzLXzM5vvkjspwcr2Hq5fmy/IMG-20161031-WA0046-01.jpeg)\nEast of the main street is the huge agora, the largest uncovered one discovered in the ancient world. It is 580 feet wide and 920 feet long and was surrounded by Ionic columns. To the agora's east and up a flight of steps was a large stoa-basilica, 66 feet wide and 920 feet long. This was once richly decorated with popular ancient motifs including sphinxes, lions, bulls, garlands, Eros figures and Gorgon masks.\n![DSC_0386-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZ81ybWbjMmegAgNi6PosHHLEF8rzugfT2Bh68r6j3a15/DSC_0386-01.jpeg)\nOn the southwest side of the agora is a Byzantine Gate, part of the early 5th-century Byzantine wall that protected the city from invaders. Between the Byzantine Gate and the parking area, near the museum, are the remains of another 5th or 6th century Christian basilica.",
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      "title": "Hierapolis (Pamukkale)/ Explore the turkey-2"
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2018/09/06 18:11:39
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2018/09/06 18:11:30
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2018/09/06 18:11:09
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2018/09/06 18:10:48
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edanurbpublished a new post: end-of-life
2018/09/06 11:56:57
authoredanurb
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parent permlinkbutterfly
permlinkend-of-life
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edanurbpublished a new post: the-fish
2018/09/06 11:27:24
authoredanurb
body![DSC_1356-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmc9z95qxh22US7ivfBiEwqcitoHDyDagzWSXdhBPWYSHw/DSC_1356-01.jpeg) ![DSC_1409-01-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmRNwCKXdKqYDDVScoq4nCk6MDFSaAucwRzwTvpUm7t6io/DSC_1409-01-01.jpeg) ![DSC_1304-01.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZSAKnuTDTWRRq9YptJKkKAmh9Qdgm6L5SB8ZdQ6QvDoU/DSC_1304-01.jpeg) Yeah. he is swimming fish :)
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parent permlinkfish
permlinkthe-fish
titleThe fish ❤
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edanurbunfollowed @msooi
2018/09/06 09:08:09
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2018/09/06 09:08:03
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edanurbfollowed @dorna
2018/09/06 07:47:30
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2018/09/06 07:47:21
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2018/09/06 07:47:12
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2018/09/06 07:45:30
authoredanurb
bodyYes, it seems like it :)
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permlinkre-steemek-re-edanurb-it-was-not-an-accident-but-the-truck-was-hit-by-an-ivy-20180906t074527780z
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steemdelegated 18.532 SP to @edanurb
2018/09/05 23:04:24
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delegatorsteem
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2018/09/05 22:55:51
authoredanurb
permlinkit-was-not-an-accident-but-the-truck-was-hit-by-an-ivy
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2018/09/05 22:55:48
authorsteemek
bodyBad crash.. :)
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2018/09/05 22:36:18
authoredanurb
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2018/09/05 22:29:48
authoredanurb
body![IMG_20180906_010748.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmVcTu76JjF5aNTjuSw6unpzeiMAXkjbqoxf4oNTpTqbKU/IMG_20180906_010748.jpg)
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parent permlinkivy
permlinkit-was-not-an-accident-but-the-truck-was-hit-by-an-ivy
titleIt was not an accident, but the truck was hit by an ivy. :)
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2018/09/05 22:04:09
authoredanurb
permlinkmusic-and-sound-wall
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edanurbpublished a new post: music-and-sound-wall
2018/09/05 22:03:57
authoredanurb
body![IMG_20180507_232045_159.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmQHVHaeryHu3WRyBLGagbTfheQb6pqwatFvDFALZ9BqKu/IMG_20180507_232045_159.jpg) this kindergarten wall..
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parent permlinkpot
permlinkmusic-and-sound-wall
titlemusic and sound wall
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2018/09/05 21:59:00
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2018/09/05 21:58:51
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[]