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      "body": "It might not grant eternal youth, but cycling, scientists have found, can slow the aging process and keep your muscles and immune system healthy well into your golden years.\n\nAging, it turns out, can do a number on your muscles. Humans typically lose muscle mass as they get older. Fat and connective tissue also start invading, affecting the muscles’ ability to contract. Furthermore, muscles can no longer suck up oxygen at the same rates.\nAdvertisement\n ![Screenshot_2018-03-15-18-14-16-1.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmQJaaLTZGYprxScJXTMtidQUSnMkS7BRQbA5gMZshVp5c/Screenshot_2018-03-15-18-14-16-1.png)\n\n\nHowever, a new study questioned if these age-related muscle declines are inevitable, or if regular exercise—cycling, in this case—can slow down or even reverse them.\n\nTo figure this out, researchers at King’s College in London biopsied the vastus lateralis muscle—the largest and most powerful part of the quad—in 125 male and female cyclists. Participants were all between 55 and 79 years old and deemed highly active (meaning the men could bike at least 62 miles at 15 mph, and the women 37 miles at 7 mph, twice within three weeks).\n\nRELATED: This Workout Routine May Actually Reverse Aging\n\nThe researchers then analyzed muscle properties related to aerobic function and explosive muscle power. They found that, compared to sedentary populations, the cyclists showed less age-related muscle deterioration. That is, at the tissue level, muscle mass and strength stayed intact.\n\nA second study turned the researchers’ attention to the immune system, which can also decline as you age. Specifically, your thymus—the part of your body that produces white blood cells—begins to shrink. It then produces fewer cells, meaning your body gradually loses the ability to protect itself against disease.\n\nThis trend, however, has been observed primarily in inactive populations, so the researchers wanted to see whether regular cycling could help prevent it. They compared blood samples from the same group of cyclists with blood from 75 older sedentary adults (aged 57-80) and 55 younger sedentary adults (aged 20-36).\n\nRELATED: Anti-Aging Secrets For Every Cell in Your Body\n\nThey found that while cycling didn’t protect against every single measure of immune-system decline, the cyclists had white blood cell levels comparable to those of the younger control group—meaning that their immune systems were acting “younger.”\n\nThese studies are only two of many that demonstrate how physical activity like cycling can slow the aging process. One 2017 study found that high-intensity interval cycling increased mitochondrial capacity—a big deal when it comes to aging, as the decline of these organelles leads to the onset of age-related disease.\n\nAnother study from last year found that regular vigorous exercise protected telomere length. Shortened telomeres are what cause cell death—i.e., aging—and those who exercised saved themselves up to nine years of cellular deterioration.",
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      "body": "U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement officials announced that agents made the arrests in a three-day sweep starting Sunday that covered cities from Sacramento in the north to Stockton in the Central Valley. About half of those arrested for being in the country illegally had criminal convictions, the agency said.\n\nOn Saturday, Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf warned residents that \"credible sources\" had told her a sweep was imminent, calling it her \"duty and moral obligation\" to warn families.\n\nThe warning \"was meant to give all residents time to learn their rights and know their legal options,\" she said in a statement Tuesday night reported in the San Francisco Chronicle.\n\nCalifornia lawmakers from Gov. Jerry Brown down to local mayors have resisted a Trump administration immigration crackdown that they contend is arbitrarily hauling in otherwise law-abiding people and splitting up families that include U.S.-born children.\n\nActing ICE director Thomas Homan lambasted Schaaf and her city in a statement that suggested the sweep targeted so-called \"sanctuary cities\" that limit cooperation between ICE and local law enforcement.\n\n\"Sanctuary jurisdictions like San Francisco and Oakland shield dangerous criminal aliens from federal law enforcement at the expense of public safety,\" Homan said. \"Because these jurisdictions prevent ICE from arresting criminal aliens in the secure confines of a jail, they also force ICE officers to make more arrests out in the community, which poses increased risks for law enforcement and the public.\"\n\nDefenders of sanctuary city practices say they actually improve public safety by promoting trust among law enforcement and immigrant communities and reserving scarce police resources for other, more urgent crime-fighting needs.\n\nICE said those arrested included several people with convictions for crimes such as assault with a deadly weapon, including a man who had been previously deported to Mexico eight times.\n\nSchaaf defended her decision Tuesday night.\n\n\"I do not regret sharing this information,\" Schaaf said. \"It is Oakland's legal right to be a sanctuary city and we have not broken any laws. We believe our community is safer when families stay together.\"\n\nThe ICE sweep was the second since a statewide sanctuary law took effect last month. ICE arrested more than 200 people earlier this month in the Los Angeles area.![Screenshot_2018-03-01-18-09-06-1.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmeD8ejHeufQFzWFL8bPe5T93yYA3Eyh9v4FKymMajAv2m/Screenshot_2018-03-01-18-09-06-1.png)",
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      "title": "SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — Federal immigration agents arrested more than 150 people in California in the days after Oakland's mayor gave early warning of the raids, it was announced Tuesday."
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      "body": "Congratulations @ebubechukwu! You have completed some achievement on Steemit and have been rewarded with new badge(s) :\n\n[![](https://steemitimages.com/70x80/http://steemitboard.com/notifications/posts.png)](http://steemitboard.com/@ebubechukwu) Award for the number of posts published\n\nClick on any badge to view your own Board of Honor on SteemitBoard.\nFor more information about SteemitBoard, click [here](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)\n\nIf you no longer want to receive notifications, reply to this comment with the word `STOP`\n\n> Upvote this notification to help all Steemit users. Learn why [here](https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/http-i-cubeupload-com-7ciqeo-png)!",
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      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://www.quora.com/Himalayas-Which-bikes-are-suitable-recommended-for-high-altitude-Himalayan-roads",
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      "body": "There are few things that bikers enjoy more than a long road trip. The adventure that is long-distance touring is one of the best ways to escape from the monotony and routine of daily life. And while India gets a lot of stick for its poor road quality, there is absolutely no shortage of amazing road trips one can take in the country. So if that is what you intend to do and you’re having difficulty selecting the right bike, then here are the top 10 Indian tessential Indian cruiser, the Royal Enfield Thunderbird (whether it’s the 350 or 500) is one of the most popular bikes for long road trips and for good reason. It is extremely comfortable, has a large fuel tank and even though it’s not fast, it just makes you feel like a boss when you’re astride it.\nBajaj Avenger Street\n![Screenshot_2018-02-20-17-10-41-1.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmZgMPnTg2T89GgCRBxiVaP337oUYmcdpBt6a9H7JExCba/Screenshot_2018-02-20-17-10-41-1.png)\nThe Avenger has always come across the poor man’s Royal Enfield but the new Street variant is just fantastic. The Avenger Street looks refreshingly good, and it really should seeing as it has taken several (if not all) design cues from the Harley-Davidson Street 750 (they even copied the name). But ignoring that, it comes in variants with 150 cc and 220 cc engines and is ridiculously comfortable apart from having decent fuel economy and performance figures.\nHarley-Davidson SuperLow\n\n![Screenshot_2018-02-20-17-10-49-1.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmVaD9Dq5q5YeHoxCkFQsc3DtT2pamNXbxyV6EKHzUBgTx/Screenshot_2018-02-20-17-10-49-1.png)\n\n\nComfort, class and cruising. If you want the perfect blend of these attributes, the Harley-Davidson SuperLow is your best bet. The SuperLow is fitted with a 883 cc engine that more power and torque than you’ll ever use. But that isn’t the real reason to go for this bike though; A smooth ride, comfortable cruising position and easy handling which make for the purest of cruising experiences is what makes the SuperLow one of the best bike for road trips.\nSports-Tourers:\nHonda CBR 250R\n![Screenshot_2018-02-20-17-10-55-1.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmWAoiuc7XkUUF6nPReeuB479daJb4qqz4ANn1yHJZpU2u/Screenshot_2018-02-20-17-10-55-1.png)\n\nIf you’re not one for cruiser bikes and would prefer something faster which can tackle the curves of hill stations, then look no further than the Honda CBR 250R. It’s fast, has excellent handling and is unbelievably comfortable for a sports bike. This sports tourer’s engine also happens to be refined enough to handle long stretches at speeds of 100km/hr+ without undergoing any strain.\nKTM Duke 390\n![Screenshot_2018-02-20-17-11-02-1.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmfWbjSTzQYXsZiGDxkkQWCSSepAUJGwUFiBduM2NYXLaT/Screenshot_2018-02-20-17-11-02-1.png)\n\nPowerful, lightweight, and insanely fun to ride, the KTM Duke 390 is a brilliant option if you plan to go on a long road trip. It can hand’e a variety of terrains and its sublime engine will make sure that you always have enough power to keep going. The 2017 KTM Duke 390 happens to look absolutely amazing and also features variable riding modes and an updated ECU in addition to the slipper-clutch, ride-by-wire throttle and standard ABS from the previous model.\nAdventurers:\nKawasaki Versys 650\n![Screenshot_2018-02-20-17-11-10-1.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmc6TuqAehvBDVfAaJ2w3ocBmRdxCPxwgqPskTk8xAoFGs/Screenshot_2018-02-20-17-11-10-1.png)\nThe Versys (an amalgamation of Versatile and System) is a bike that really lives up to its name. Once the Japanese company realised that there was a growing need for adventure/tourers in the market, they created the Versys. It is a perfect blend of tourer and adventurer which is powered by the same 650cc engine from the Ninja. In addition to that, it comes with dual ABS, adjustable suspension and the most comfortable riding position ever on a Kawasaki.\nTriumph Tiger 800\n\ntop 10 Indian bikes for long road trips\n\nOne of the most well-known adventure bikes across the world, the Triumph Tiger is now making waves in the Indian market. There are 8 variants of the Tiger – 4 adventure focused and 4 touring focused. The Triumph Tiger carries the invulnerable tag of reliability which when coupled with features like traction control, switchable ABS, adjustable seat height and the legendary Triumph 800cc triple, makes for the ideal touring / adventure bike.\nRoyal Enfield Himalayan\n\ntop 10 Indian bikes for long rides\n\nThe latest offering from India’s most revered bike manufacturer is a purpose-built adventure touring machine that is unlike anything else the company has ever made before. RE has always been the go-to choice for Indians looking to go on long road trips and while the Thunderbirds and Classics did the job, they could have been better. With the Himalayan, RE are hoping to capture the mass market of road trip enthusiasts who like difficult journeys but don’t have the money to splurge on a Kawasaki or Triumph. The Himalayan is the perfect low-maintenance, reliable and decently powerful bike that will appeal to anyone looking for an adventure without going broke.\nSuzuki V-Strom\n\ntop 10 Indian bikes for long rides\n\nThe V-Strom is available in two variants – one with a 650 cc engine and the other with a 1000 cc engine. Both engines are extremely refined, as is expected from a Suzuki, and the bike is a very capable adventurer. Apart from that comical beak thing under the headlamp though, the V-Strom is a very good tourer and adventurer that can be ridden in rough terrain as easily as on a smooth highway.\nDucati Multistrada 1200\n\ntop 10 Indian bikes for long road trips\n\nLeave it to the Italians to fit a superbike-spec engine in an adventure bike and that’s exactly what they’ve done with the newest Multistrada. Powered by a massive 1200 cc engine that produces a whopping 162 PS of power and 136 Nm of torque, the Multistrada is the best way to cover distances regardless of the road’s conditions. Add to that a ridiculously long list of best-in-class features and you have your dream bike for your next road trip, provided of course you can shell out the money that all Ducatis demand.\n\n\n\n![Screenshot_2018-02-20-17-10-55-1.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmWAoiuc7XkUUF6nPReeuB479daJb4qqz4ANn1yHJZpU2u/Screenshot_2018-02-20-17-10-55-1.png)",
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      "body": "Child Discipline - What is it?\nChild discipline is one of the most important elements of successful parenting, yet more and more, parents just don't know what to do. Discipline (or training) might simply be defined as a process to help children learn appropriate behaviors and make good choices. In addition, loving, effective discipline aids a child in exercising self-control, accountability, and mutual respect.\n\nThrough proper discipline, children learn how to function in a family and society that is full of boundaries, rules, and laws by which we all must abide. With it, children gain a sense of security, protection, and often feel accomplishment. Without proper discipline, children are at risk for a variety of behavioral and emotional problems.\n\nChild Discipline - How Does it Work?\nHow do we effectively implement child discipline? The Bible says parents have a God-given responsibility to train their child in the way he should go. That challenge often requires that we first learn to discipline ourselves in the matters of child rearing. Whether parenting skills come naturally or we learn them through trial and error, they are accomplished by consistency, encouragement, and example. The importance of these tools cannot be expressed enough.\n\nHere are some effective child discipline techniques using instruction:\n\n    State boundaries and commands clearly and concisely. As parents, we cannot flip-flop when children try to bargain or negotiate - and they will. Children will test us to see if we will give in to their persuasive pleas (no matter their age).\n\n    We must deliver our instructions calmly, yet steadfastly, not as a quivering request. It is more effective to say, \"Do not go into the street. Stay in our yard,\" instead of \"Mommy doesn't want you to leave the yard, ok?\" Children must know when parents are serious.\n\n    Our authority must be clearly, consistently established. Use only the necessary words, and teach your children to develop eye contact and listening skills. Show, by example, that you listen to them as you expect them to listen.\n\n    Remember to make rewards and disciplinary consequences not only age appropriate, but also task appropriate. Don't over-punish minor misbehaviors.\n\n    Teach your child that all actions bring consequences. Encourage them when they make good choices. They need to know the benefits of obeying and making good choices, as well as the negative consequences for disobedience.\n\n    State directives/results and follow through; don't issue idle threats. Give predictable consequences, such as, \"If you behave in this way, this will happen.\"\n\n    Teach them good and moral behaviors by displaying your own good and moral behaviors. Go to church as a family. Plan healthy family activities that promote good morals and \"together\" time. You will soon see your child mirror your values and morals. Child discipline and training does not occur in a vacuum. Their behaviors are formed within the context of what they witness in their primary teachers.\n\nChild Discipline - When Should it Begin?\nChild discipline should start in the beginning. You should enjoy holding, cuddling, and talking with your baby. Studies have reported that infants respond to the sounds of the human voice. Talking to your child early may help in your child's brain development and train them to know what we expect by our tone (i.e. \"Mommy loves you\" or \"It's time to go to sleep now\").\n\nYour baby will learn very quickly that crying brings response. When a child is hungry and cries, it gets fed. Begin training your infant to know the times he will be held and cuddled and the times he needs to be put in his crib. Speaking coupled with action is where child training should begin.\n![Screenshot_2018-02-20-16-51-58-1.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmQUhQUAF8tokAR8adJrW5ueXarFei5LGRYG7eHXrwUdNS/Screenshot_2018-02-20-16-51-58-1.png)\n\nMost new parents think about discipline only after negative behaviors begin. Your child does not automatically know what is expected; you must spend time teaching him. While we encourage our children to learn to make choices, they need our guidance. It is to their benefit (and ours) to lovingly lead them into compliance with praise for the positives. From the start, put forth effort in your responsibility as a parent. Your child will thank you for it.\n\nWhen should a parent being disciplining their children? Learn why it is important in their development and basic principles to make it effective. ![Screenshot_2018-02-20-16-52-50-1.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmaPhyB4w3uCg7WQZ4PFwfTNeEvf6bZbxpYePdELFw55mE/Screenshot_2018-02-20-16-52-50-1.png)![Screenshot_2018-02-20-16-52-33-1.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmRjorist1Nmb9KQEST4H3YG6RxXeCpyxQsgve2CVuE2Re/Screenshot_2018-02-20-16-52-33-1.png)![Screenshot_2018-02-20-16-52-23-1.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmbp9JjRGNrCTQp46PYYQZhkLZLvh5vHSkRmjvgvmfwNR8/Screenshot_2018-02-20-16-52-23-1.png)",
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      "author": "cheetah",
      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://www.verywellfamily.com/why-it-is-important-to-discipline-your-child-1094790",
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      "author": "ebubechukwu",
      "body": "Discipline isn't just about giving kids consequences. Instead, it ensures children are gaining the skills they need to become responsible adults. \n\nThere are many types of discipline and various approaches to parenting. But ultimately, regardless of the type of discipline a parent uses, discipline offers kids many benefits. \nDiscipline Helps Kids Manage Anxiety\n\nBelieve or not, kids don’t want to be in charge.\n\nThey often test limits just to make sure that their caregivers can keep them safe. When adults offer positive and negative consequences, kids grow and learn.\n\nKids who have permissive parents often experience anxiety because they have to make adult decisions.   The lack of guidance and absence of leadership is very unsettling for kids.\nDiscipline Teaches How to Make Good Choices\n\nAppropriate discipline teaches kids how to make good choices. For example, when a child loses his bicycle privileges for riding into the road, he learns how to make safer choices next time.\n\nHealthy discipline teaches kids alternative ways to get their needs met. Kids need to learn problem-solving skills, impulse control, and self-regulation skills from appropriate discipline.\n\nIt is important to distinguish the difference between consequences and punishments. When kids are disciplined with appropriate consequences they learn from their mistakes.\n\nPunishments, however, tend to teach kids that their parents are mean or they learn how to “not get caught” when they misbehave.\nDiscipline Teaches Kids to Manage Emotions\n\nWhen a child receives a time-out after hitting his brother, he learns skills that will help him manage his anger better in the future.\n\nThe goal of time-out should be to teach your child to place himself in time-out when he's getting upset before he gets into trouble.\n\nOther discipline strategies, such as praise, can also teach kids how to deal with feelings. When you say, “You are working so hard to build that tower even though it is really hard to do. Keep up the good work,” your child learns about the importance of tolerating frustration.\n\nIgnoring mild misbehavior can teach kids socially appropriate ways to manage their frustration as well. If you refuse to give in to a temper tantrum, your child will learn that's not a good way to get his needs met. When you ignore whining, your child will learn that whining won't change your behavior.\nDiscipline Keeps Kids Safe\n\nThe ultimate goal of discipline should be to keep kids safe. This includes major safety issues, such as looking both ways before crossing the road. There should be consequences when your child doesn't take appropriate safety precautions.\n\nDiscipline should also address other health risks, such as preventing obesity. If you let your child eat whatever she wants, she will likely experience serious health risks. It's important to set healthy limits and offer education to help your child learn to make healthy choices.\n\nExplain the underlying reasons for rules so your child will understand the safety issues. Instead of saying, “Stop jumping,” when your child is jumping on the bed, tell him why it's a problem. Say, \"You could fall and hit your head. That's not safe.\"\n\nWhen your child learns about the reasons for your rules, and he understands the specific safety risks, he will be more likely to consider the safety risks when you're not there to tell him what to do. ![Screenshot_2018-02-20-16-40-07-1.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmPxrBSjBfq32kFZ3gLHkCq1pwqAmtvrax5u5nMzsYh1Fx/Screenshot_2018-02-20-16-40-07-1.png)",
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      "author": "cheetah",
      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/feb/19/dark-web-paedophile-matthew-falder-jailed-for-32-years",
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      "body": "A scientist and university academic described as a “warped and sadistic” paedophile has been jailed for 32 years after blackmailing a string of vulnerable victims, many teenagers, into carrying out depraved sexual and physical acts.\n\nMatthew Falder, 29, a Cambridge graduate, admitted 137 offences against 46 victims, male and female, including blackmail, voyeurism, making indecent images of children and encouraging the rape of a child.\n\nHe was arrested following an international inquiry led by the National Crime Agency. At least three traumatised victims attempted to end their own lives after being tricked into sending him humiliating images of themselves.\n\nFalder, a former post-doctoral researcher in geophysics at the University of Birmingham, committed the offences over eight years and never physically met his victims, instead blackmailing them over the internet. He duped many into sending naked images of themselves by posing as a female artist seeking photos to turn into life drawings.\n![Screenshot_2018-02-20-16-26-46-1.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmW3rJYoy7jd32VY15z262fXdkwu5FtCRZop4GEMHMPPi6/Screenshot_2018-02-20-16-26-46-1.png)\n\nIn reality, he was a member of several “virtual communities” of abusers on the dark web, distributing images on so-called “hurtcore” websites, where images of violent sexual and physical abuse are shared, and where he had a membership level of “rapist”.\n\nHe forced one victim to film herself licking toilet seats, a used tampon and eating dog food; another into eating his faeces and drinking urine. He also encouraged the rape of a young child, the court had heard. He had set up hidden cameras in publicly accessible toilets and at his parents’ home, catching unsuspecting victims on film then blackmailing them and trading images online with others.\n\nUsing his ““evilmind” and “666devil” accounts on encrypted dark web forums, he coerced, controlled and ultimately devastated his victims.\n\nJudge Philip Parker QC, sentencing at Birmingham crown court, described him as an “internet highwayman” who was “warped and sadistic” and whose behaviour was “cunning, persistent, manipulative and cruel”.\n\n“No one who knew you above ground had an inkling of what you were doing below the surface,” he said.\n\nFalder, brought up in Cheshire, had excelled at school and emerged from Cambridge University with a master’s degree and PhD before becoming a lecturer at Birmingham University. One former tutor described him as “one of the finest students” whose work had “international impact”. He had dynamic social magnetism, was extremely talented and was the life and soul of the party, the court had heard.\n\nMatt Sutton, senior investigating officer at the National Crime Agency, said after sentencing: “In more than 30 years of law enforcement I’ve never come across an offender whose sole motivation was to inflict such profound anguish and pain. Matthew Falder revelled in it.”\n\nFalder’s is the first conviction of a “hurtcore” paedophile by British police. Described as the “worst of the worst”, hurtcore is a subculture of paedophilia, which, said the NCA investigator Matthew Long, aims to “hurt the individual to their very core”.\nAdvertisement\n\nThe NCA worked with UK police, GCHQ, US homeland security, the Australian federal police and Europol, and needed up to 100 investigators to find, track and detain Falder, who had evaded detection for almost four years.\n\nRuona Iguyovwe, of the Crown Prosecution Services, said Falder had shown no sympathy or basic humanity towards his victims. When one victim told him they were thinking of “ending it all”, he told them the images would still be circulated “so what good is that going to be to you”, she said.\n\nOne of his victims, duped by Falder after advertising herself as a babysitter on Gumtree, was bombarded with messages from him daily over two months. Speaking anonymously, she said she could not concentrate at school, was scared to go out and had been too ashamed to tell anyone. His actions had led to the total breakdown of relationships with her family and friends, and left her scared of meeting new people.",
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      "title": "US Navy says China's military buildup won't stop patrols"
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      "body": "U.S. forces are undeterred by China's military buildup on man-made islands in the South China Sea and will continue patrolling the strategic, disputed waters wherever \"international law allows us,\" said a Navy officer aboard a mammoth U.S. aircraft carrier brimming with F-18 fighter jets.\n\nLt. Cmdr. Tim Hawkins told The Associated Press on board the USS Carl Vinson that the Navy has carried out routine patrols at sea and in the air in the region for 70 years to promote security and guarantee the unimpeded flow of trade that's crucial for Asian and U.S. economies.\n\n\"International law allows us to operate here, allows us to fly here, allows us to train here, allows us to sail here, and that's what we're doing and we're going to continue to do that,\" Hawkins said Saturday on the flight deck of the 95,000-ton warship, which anchored at Manila Bay while on a visit to the Philippines.\n\nWhen President Donald Trump came to power, Southeast Asian officials were uncertain how deep the U.S. would get involved in the overlapping territorial claims involving China and its Southeast Asian neighbors. Trump's predecessor, Barack Obama, was a vocal critic of China's increasingly aggressive actions, including the construction of seven man-made islands equipped with troops, hangers, radar and missile stations and three long runways.\n\nChina claims the South China Sea almost in its entirety and has challenged the U.S. naval supremacy in the western Pacific.\n\n\"We're committed,\" Hawkins told reporters. \"We're here.\"\n\nThe Trump administration has outlined a new security strategy that emphasized countering China's rise and reinforcing the U.S. presence in the Indo-Pacific region, where Beijing and Washington have accused each other of stoking a dangerous military buildup and fought for wider influence.\n\nWashington stakes no claims in the disputes but has declared that their peaceful resolution and the maintenance of freedom of navigation are in its national interest. U.S. officials have said American warships will continue sailing close to Chinese-occupied features without prior notice, placing Washington in a continuing collision course with China's interests.\n\nIn January, China accused the U.S. of trespassing when the U.S. guided missile destroyer USS Hopper sailed near the Chinese-guarded Scarborough Shoal, which Beijing wrestled from the Philippines in 2012, despite its proximity to the main northern island of Luzon. After voicing a strong protest, China said it would take \"necessary measures\" to protect its sovereignty.\n\nThe nuclear-powered Carl Vinson patrolled the sea prior to its Manila visit but did not conduct a freedom of navigation operation, Hawkins said. \"That's not to say that we won't or we can't, but we have not, up to this point,\" he said.\n\nThere are reports that the Carl Vinson will also make a port call in Danang in Vietnam — another critical rival of China's ambitions in the South China Sea — as the first American aircraft carrier since the Vietnam War ended in 1975, but Hawkins declined to provide details of future trips.\n\nChina has also opposed the Philippine military's deployment of a Japanese-donated Beechcraft King Air patrol plane in late January to Scarborough, a Philippine official said on condition of anonymity because of a lack of authority to discuss the issue publicly. Chinese officials have relayed their objection to their Philippine counterparts, the official said.\n\nChina and Japan have their own territorial rifts in the East China Sea.\n\nThere was no immediate comment from Philippine military officials about China's opposition to the surveillance flights at Scarborough.\n\nU.S. and Chinese officials have said they have no intention of going to war in the disputed sea, but their governments have projected their firepower and clout in a delicate play of gunboat diplomacy and deterrence.\n\n\"We're prepared to conduct a spectrum of operations, whether that's providing humanitarian assistance, disaster relief in the time of an emergency, or whether we have to conduct operations that require us to send strike fighters ashore,\" Hawkins said. \"We don't have to use that spectrum, but we're ready to, in case we need to.\"\n\nThe U.S. Navy invited journalists Saturday on board the 35-year-old Carl Vinson, which was packed with 72 aircraft, including F-18 Hornets, helicopters and surveillance aircraft.\n\nPresident Rodrigo Duterte has tried to back down from what he said was a Philippine foreign policy that was steeply oriented toward the U.S., but has allowed considerable engagements with his country's treaty ally to continue while reviving once-frosty ties with China in a bid to bolster trade and gain infrastructure funds.\n\nChina, the Philippines, Vietnam, Taiwan, Malaysia and Brunei have long contested ownership of the South China Sea, where a bulk of the trade and oil that fuel Asia's bullish economies passes through.",
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      "author": "cheetah",
      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://hourstv.com/china-clones-monkeys-human-cloning-next/",
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      "body": "China has successfully cloned two monkeys by using the DNA transfer technique. The experiment is the first of its kind to clone the primates and pave the way for possibilities of human cloning.\n\nTwo decades ago, scientists had made history by cloning the first ever mammal Dolly, a sheep, at Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, by using the same method.\nCloning of Monkeys in China\n\nScientists at the Non-Human Primate Research Facility at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Neuroscientists, Shanghai did a series of experiments to produce the results. Director of the academy, Dr. Qiang Sun lead the team.  Two monkeys, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua was born in a laboratory in China, a few weeks back.\n\nThe purpose of their production was to get a customized breed of monkeys to do research about different human diseases, which indicates that scientists didn’t aim to pave the way for human cloning.\n\nAccording to reports, researchers made 79 attempts at transferring the DNA from a single cell’s nucleus but failed. They also tried to clone the monkeys with a different type of adult cells, but they didn’t survive long.\n\nReports further suggest that scientists strictly followed the international guidelines for animal research.\n\nDNA Transfer Technique for Cloning\n\nDNA transfer technique is common for genetically replicating a whole animal. In this process, scientists use the DNA from the nucleus of the single cell and incorporate it into a donor egg.\n\nIn case, of these monkeys, scientists used the same technique. They used DNA from the fetal connecting tissue cells.\n\nTechnically, these monkeys are not the first-ever case of primates cloning. Almost two decades ago, scientists had produced Tetra, monkey, by splitting the embryos. Apart from the prospects of human cloning, the embryo split technique naturally produced the identical offspring.\nChances of Human Cloning\n\nIt is natural for speculations of human cloning to arise, after a successful experiment on primates. But scientists who conducted this research and expert believes, that this case doesn’t herald the possibility of human cloning shortly in any way.\n\nEveningStandard, quoted Robin Lovell Badge, a cloning expert professor from Francis Crick Institute. “The work in this paper is not a stepping-stone to establishing methods for a live born human clone.”\n\nIf human cloning, as speculated, becomes a reality, then the world might face its unpleasant consequences. Further, many ethical aspects don’t favor production a live human clone. But such groundbreaking research in biology in combination with the use of nanotechnology can help in creating outcomes to make the life a better experience.![Screenshot_2018-02-16-06-11-28-1.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmRunjoMHh5L23yWkUenwKfaTGcyLndbeVW6DMdakWHbpZ/Screenshot_2018-02-16-06-11-28-1.png)",
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      "body": "The United State of America never fails to amaze the world with stunning facts about its people, government, history, and impact on the inhabitants of this globe. Every country and every nation in the world has exciting stories to tell, but few of them manage to steal the limelight. The fact that the United States of America is the superpower in the world, prompts the people to dig out more interesting information about this place.\n\nFacts about the United States of America\n\nHere are few unique facts about the US.\n\nThe US got independence from Britain on July 2, 1776. But the country celebrates its independence on July 4, as John Hancock put the signatures on the declaration on the same day.\nGerman was the second most spoken language in the United States, until WWI.\nAmerica funded almost 81% of International Space Station. Other nations who contributed are Russia, EU, Japan and Canada.\nAccording to a 2015 report, more than 100 Walmart products carried a fake Made in US label, despite being from other countries.\nIn the United States of America, the cost of college textbooks has risen more than the cost of housing and medical services, since 1978.\nAmazing Things about American President\n\nPOTUS (President of the United States), always remains a center of global attraction for his crucial rank. The private life of the political leaders in America becomes a matter of public interest just like showbiz celebrities. Just take the example of headlines about Donald Trump wives and other affairs of his personal life.\n\nHere are few interesting facts about the US president.\n\nAccording to stats being President is the deadliest job in America. Almost 4 out of 45 American presidents have been assassinated.\nThere has never been a female president in America.\nGrover Cleveland was the American president who had served as a Hangman.\nAbraham Lincoln was also an entrepreneur. He owned a saloon that didn’t become successful.\nFacts about American People and Their Believes\n\nThe Suicide rate in the United States of America is 10.85% per 100,000 people. The murder rate in the country is 5.8 percent per 100,000 people. So, suicide is one of the leading causes of death in America.\nAmerican people disapprove of atheism more than Muslims and Homosexuals.\n69% Firefighters in the United States of America are volunteers.\nThe American nation ranks on top of the list of people who are most likely to help the strangers.\nAmericans also make up for a country of Pizza eaters. Stats reveal that annual pizza sales in America reach one billion. Interestingly, every day the people of United States of America eat 100 acres of Pizza.\nMany people in Hawaii don’t believe themselves to be the US citizens. They consider the Island as the Hawaiian Kingdom.\nUS citizens can claim to occupy an unclaimed Island as long as it has a bat’s poop or seabird flying over it.\n\n\nOnly in the United States of America\n\nThere are so many things in which America ranks first. Here are few interesting facts about humanmade structures and natural landscape of America.\n\nThe basketball court on the fifth of the Supreme Court building is the highest court in the land.\nThe French Broad, the New and the Susquehanna are in the United States of America. These are three of the five oldest rivers in the world.\nThe US Airforce is the World’s largest air force. Further, the US Navy and Marine corps combine to make for the world’s largest force. The US Navy Seal training is also considered as the most stringent military training.\nWater in Lake Superior is enough to cover the North and South America up to one foot.\nHouston is the home to world’s tallest battle monument.\nGeorgia is the origin of Miniature Golf.\nPentagon, the headquarters of American Army is the largest office building in the world.![Screenshot_2018-02-16-05-48-25-1.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmWNzkXU2Zd9PX7Qbdh9gzFj486ju9BfJFtcdZPetXGyec/Screenshot_2018-02-16-05-48-25-1.png)![Screenshot_2018-02-16-05-48-39-1.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmS8tvqcnwo18n82X5HGLUsR4jmrYZJaTGBmAH1YqGqvEt/Screenshot_2018-02-16-05-48-39-1.png)",
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      "author": "cheetah",
      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttp://fortune.com/2017/12/26/4-technology-trends-2018/",
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      "author": "ebubechukwu",
      "body": "Predicting the future requires hubris, and it should therefore be met with more than a terabyte of skepticism. In past years, I’ve made some calls that have proved prescient like predicting way back in 2011 that social media would determine the U.S. presidential election. Meanwhile, some took decades longer than I had foreseen such as my 1992 prediction that this new thing called the Internet would lead Hollywood studios to merge with telecommunications companies.\n\nOver the years, I’ve learned that the best way to predict the future is to hang out with the people creating it. When you work with a top consultancy and have leading technology innovators as clients, it’s pretty easy to recognize trends that have the greatest potential impact.\n\nHere are my top four tech trends for 2018:\n1. IoT becomes BIoT\n\nThe biggest mistake most prognosticators make is underestimating the potential for fast growth in our hyper-connected world. Automobiles took time to catch on because would-be drivers had to wait for roads and gas stations to be built.\n\nBut today’s disruptive innovations rely on existing infrastructure for mobile devices that puts most companies just a few clicks from billions of consumers. One of those is the Internet of things (IoT), which involves adding smart sensors to connected devices so that users can do things like ask Amazon’s Alexa digital assistant to turn off the lights or order a pizza.\n\nBut blockchain, one of the underlying technologies for the hot cryptocurrency bitcoin, can make IoT devices even more useful. It creates a digital record across hundreds or thousands of computers, vastly reducing the risk of hacking.\n\nCombining IoT with blockchain —or BIoT—ushers in a whole host of new services and businesses. For example, BIoT can be used to track shipments of pharmaceuticals and to create smart cities in which connected heating systems better controls energy use and connected traffic lights better manage rush hour.\n\nIn 2018, companies will begin to use Application Programming Interfaces, or software used to connect different databases and computer services. Combined with the blockchain Internet of things, it will be as easy to get data from sensors in a warehouse as accessing websites on our mobile phones. When manufacturers, retailers, regulators, and transportation companies have real-time data from sensors imbedded on products, trucks and ships, everyone in the distribution chain can benefit from insights that they were previously unable to get. With BIoT, companies and consumers can also be assured that their most valuable data on the blockchain cannot be hacked.\n\n2. The fintech renaissance\n\nWhile bitcoin and blockchain were grabbing the headlines in 2017, social and mobile payments have fundamentally changed the financial markets. In China, mobile payment volumes now exceed $5 trillion annually.\n\nAll aspects of the payments chain are open to disruption as blockchain speeds clearing house functions while smart contracts handle settlements. In 2018, look for biometrics such as facial recognition, voice ID, and fingerprints to help make shopping far quicker —by eliminating the need to swipe a credit card at checkout, for instance. Instead, you will be able to verify your identity for a merchant scanning your eyes with your smartphone, in what’s known as a retinal payment. A bold clairvoyant could even predict that some major retailers will hop on the cryptocurrency bandwagon and issue their own secure currency next year.\nFintech will likely also become greener in 2018. With cryptocurrencies reaching over $300 billion in total value, there is now a financial incentive for investments into quantum computing, which involves using the behavior of energy at a subatomic level to process computing functions at a billion times faster than today’s microprocessors.\n\nBy some estimates, mining today’s cryptocurrencies, such as bitcoin, requires more electricity annually than the amount of energy used in 159 countries. With cryptocurrency’s carbon footprint rapidly growing, quantum computing has the potential to greatly reduce the estimated 28TWhs of electricity consumed by all of the current computers processing bitcoin.\n\nAnalysts now anticipate that banks will derive over $1 billion annually from blockchain-based cryptocurrencies within the next two years as traditional financial institutions start treating cryptocurrencies and other digital assets similar to traditional fiat currencies with more efficient payment systems, loan processing, and credit instruments. Going green by using less energy to create bitcoins, will translate into earning more green.\n3. Augmented reality goes mainstream\n\nBefore smartphones existed 10 years ago, most people would consider spending five hours daily staring at your phone as crazy. In 2018, the bent-neck trend will start to reverse itself.\n\nThe mobile game Pokémon Go has unleashed a billion-dollar demand for augmented reality entertainment, and major brands are taking notice. Thanks to the introduction of affordable augmented reality glasses, our phones will remain in our pockets and Heads Up Displays (HUD) will improve how we work, shop, and play.\n\nHUDs, best known today as the instrument gauges that fighter pilots monitor on their visors or windshields, will become a standard in consumer eyeglasses. Imagine walking down the street in a foreign country, for example, and having all of the store signs instantly translated into English thanks to your trendy sunglasses.\n\nAR will customize in-store experiences with mannequins that match your body type and display enough virtual inventory to rival any online site. Merchants will create AR experiences with their packaging so that demonstration videos can appear when you look at the product on the shelf or celebrity spokespeople can magically stand in the aisle to pitch the product. Virtual pop-up stores can be built to appear anywhere that crowds are gathered (in a stadium, a busy street corner, or even inside a subway). These non-brick and mortar retail locations will bring new opportunities for merchants to create engaging shopping experiences anywhere with accessible bandwidth.\n\nLi-Fi, a new light-base wireless connection with data speeds 100 times that of Wi-Fi, will bring high-definition virtual objects into stores. With Li-Fi and AR, consumers can see limitless virtual inventory in store, at scale.\n\nWith just a wave of your hand, a car salesperson can change the model, color, and customized features of the car “sitting” on the dealership’s showroom floor. Combining real and virtual objects can enhance experiences for all out-of-home activities. Sports stadiums will be brought into the 21st century with personalized HUDs of players on the field. Imagine watching a live football game in the stadium and seeing personalized stats floating above the fantasy sports players you follow. When watching sports from home, AR has the potential to bring the excitement of life-size boxing matches into your living room. The real promise of AR is to bring people the information they need without having to ask for it.\n\n4. 2018 is the year of the bots\n\nWe all have gotten use to speaking with bots whenever we call to make airline reservations or to confirm our bank account balances. The use of natural language bots will expand from use as automated customer service agents to become routine for daily living.\n\nHome bots will do more than just respond to requests, to being able to provide timely information such as, “It’s time to take your medicine.” You may even feel like Don Quixote as mobile bots become dedicated Sancho Panza servants—always at the ready and by your side.\n\nImagine a bot whispering in your ear “don’t make that purchase or you will be over your credit limit” or “your parking meter expires in two minutes.” Bots will help with the children, act as financial investment advisors, and be an omnipresent value-add from the brands you trust. With phones staying in our pockets, businesses will likely spend more on creating chatbots in 2018 than on apps in an effort to better serve their customers.![Screenshot_2018-02-16-05-34-02-1.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmQGWiybuyDVFtf1jvCniyx2QnELEUe3BRXN3oAoftBmLu/Screenshot_2018-02-16-05-34-02-1.png)",
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      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://www.parents.com/fun/sports/exercise/bicycle-riding/",
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      "body": "Benefits of Bicycling\n\nchild riding bike Chris Eckert\n\nThere's a special bond between kids and bikes that can never be broken. Riding a bike is a rite of passage, a passport to worlds beyond the front lawn. Bikes represent fun, freedom, and fresh air -- everything that's good about being a kid. Moreover, biking is a healthy pastime that kids will never outgrow. Here are some of the other benefits of cycling:\n\n    Developing strength, balance, and overall fitness\n\n    Burning up calories\n\n    Strengthening the heart, lungs, and lower-body muscles and bones\n\n    Developing and strengthening the muscles surrounding the knees without impact\n\nBut biking boasts other benefits as well. Children of all shapes, sizes, and abilities can ride a bike. Most important, bicycling is a healthy outdoor activity that the entire family can enjoy together.\n\nBuying a Bike\n\nBefore embarking on a family cycling trip, you'll need to find your child a bike that suits his physical needs -- and personal taste.\n\nWhere to buy\n\nKids' bikes start at around $100 at most bike shops, compared to $50 and up at discount department stores. Cheaper models, however, tend to be heavier and more prone to mechanical problems, says Jay Townley, executive director of the Bicycle Council, a Wisconsin-based biking-industry association. Townley also notes that bike shops often offer more personalized service than general department stores. Also, many bike shops offer a free 30-day \"checkup\" to ensure that everything is functioning properly.\n\nFinding the right size\n\nIf buying from a discount store, you will most likely have to determine the right-size bike for your child. Finding a bike that fits is crucial to your child's safety, especially since both oversize and undersize bikes can prove hazardous. Bikes that are too large, for instance, can prevent a child's feet from touching the ground and keep his hands from reaching the hand brakes. Bikes that are too small, on the other hand, force a child to pedal awkwardly with substantially bent knees, which can cause knee pain and make a child's legs tire quickly. When fitting a bike:\n\n    Make sure your child, while seated, can touch the ground easily with both feet when the seat is in its lowest position. (The seat can be raised gradually as your child grows.)\n    Adjust the seat so that your child's legs bend slightly at the bottom of each revolution when pedaling.\n\nYour child's taste\n\nBesides fitting your child physically, a bike should match your child's personality. Let him choose the color and style of the bike, while you decide on more substantial matters, such as size and quality. It's important that a child like his bike because then he's more likely to ride it, notes Peter Moe of the Washington, D.C.-based National Center for Bicycling and Walking, a leading bike-advocacy organization.\n\nStages of Bicycling\n\nJust as babies must learn to crawl before they can walk, your tyke will first pedal a tricycle before graduating to the world of two-wheeling. Here's what experts at the National Center for Bicycling and Walking say to expect along the way:\n\nTricycles (ages 2 to 5): Plastic three-wheelers, such as Big Wheels, and traditional trikes are perfect for preschoolers who are testing their newfound motor skills. Tricycles should be ridden only on a playground or within a fenced yard, not in a driveway or street. Toddlers can also get a feel for biking by riding with parents on a bicycle-mounted seat or by being towed behind an adult bicycle in a cushioned bike trailer. The important thing to remember is that toddlers, like all riders, should always wear a size-appropriate helmet when biking.\n\nTraining wheels (ages 5 to 6): The training-wheels phase may last a couple of months or a couple of years, depending on the rate at which a child's coordination and strength develop. Parents can gradually elevate training wheels to help build their child's confidence. Eventually, when a child shows a mastery of balance on the bike, the training wheels can be removed.\n\nSingle-speed bikes (ages 6 to 9): A child's first two-wheeler should be a one-speed with foot brakes. He won't be ready for hand brakes and gears until age 9 or 10, when his hands are larger and stronger. Also, kids aren't ready for street riding until sometime between ages 8 and 10. Until then, they should ride in a driveway or along park paths with an adult.\n\nMultispeed bikes (ages 9 and up): Once your child is ready for a larger bike with gears and hand brakes, he can start riding on quiet streets, where you can teach him safe-riding skills. If your child wants to ride to school, and you feel that he's ready, help him plot a route that avoids busy streets and crowded intersections.\n\nFamily Fun\n\nBicycling can bridge generations and bring family members together. Here are five ways to make your family cycling trips enjoyable:\n\n1. Find bike paths in your area. Call your town or county parks department or visit TrailLink.com, a Web site that lists hundreds of bike trails throughout the United States and categorizes them by region, surface, and distance.\n\n    \n\n2. Make sure your family is comfortably dressed and prepared for the elements. In warm weather, for instance, wear lightweight fabrics that wick away moisture and sweat; in cold weather, dress in layers. Also, have everyone stock a backpack to take along on the ride.\n\n3. Don't forget your gear. Take water bottles, sunglasses, sunscreen, hats, bike locks, a tire pump, a pressure gauge, a small tool kit, sandwiches, healthy snacks, and a disposable camera. Be sure that kids aren't overloaded with heavy items that could affect their balance.\n\n4. Make frequent stops during your ride. Take breaks -- especially on hot, humid days -- for drinks, snacks, and picture taking.\n\n5. Chronicle your family's excursion with photographs. Taking pictures is fun for the kids and a great way to preserve pleasant memories. Make sure to let everyone snap a couple of shots, capturing everything from scenic landscapes to family portraits. After developing the film, place the photographs in a special album, and write captions beneath each ![Screenshot_2018-02-15-21-56-31-1.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmdAkkemZq38brGsnvaxzGtwftJ1YigPHpW1mivpoa6dYa/Screenshot_2018-02-15-21-56-31-1.png)picture. Your family will never tire of leafing through (and adding to) this book of biking memories.",
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      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://futureoflife.org/background/aimyths/",
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      "body": "What is AI?\n\nFrom SIRI to self-driving cars, artificial intelligence (AI) is progressing rapidly. While science fiction often portrays AI as robots with human-like characteristics, AI can encompass anything from Google’s search algorithms to IBM’s Watson to autonomous weapons.\n\nArtificial intelligence today is properly known as narrow AI (or weak AI), in that it is designed to perform a narrow task (e.g. only facial recognition or only internet searches or only driving a car). However, the long-term goal of many researchers is to create general AI (AGI or strong AI). While narrow AI may outperform humans at whatever its specific task is, like playing chess or solving equations, AGI would outperform humans at nearly every cognitive task.\nWhy research AI safety?\n\nIn the near term, the goal of keeping AI’s impact on society beneficial motivates research in many areas, from economics and law to technical topics such as verification, validity, security and control. Whereas it may be little more than a minor nuisance if your laptop crashes or gets hacked, it becomes all the more important that an AI system does what you want it to do if it controls your car, your airplane, your pacemaker, your automated trading system or your power grid. Another short-term challenge is preventing a devastating arms race in lethal autonomous weapons.\n\nIn the long term, an important question is what will happen if the quest for strong AI succeeds and an AI system becomes better than humans at all cognitive tasks. As pointed out by I.J. Good in 1965, designing smarter AI systems is itself a cognitive task. Such a system could potentially undergo recursive self-improvement, triggering an intelligence explosion leaving human intellect far behind. By inventing revolutionary new technologies, such a superintelligence might help us eradicate war, disease, and poverty, and so the creation of strong AI might be the biggest event in human history. Some experts have expressed concern, though, that it might also be the last, unless we learn to align the goals of the AI with ours before it becomes superintelligent.\n\nThere are some who question whether strong AI will ever be achieved, and others who insist that the creation of superintelligent AI is guaranteed to be beneficial. At FLI we recognize both of these possibilities, but also recognize the potential for an artificial intelligence system to intentionally or unintentionally cause great harm. We believe research today will help us better prepare for and prevent such potentially negative consequences in the future, thus enjoying the benefits of AI while avoiding pitfalls.\nHow can AI be dangerous?\n\nMost researchers agree that a superintelligent AI is unlikely to exhibit human emotions like love or hate, and that there is no reason to expect AI to become intentionally benevolent or malevolent. Instead, when considering how AI might become a risk, experts think two scenarios most likely:\n\n    The AI is programmed to do something devastating: Autonomous weapons are artificial intelligence systems that are programmed to kill. In the hands of the wrong person, these weapons could easily cause mass casualties. Moreover, an AI arms race could inadvertently lead to an AI war that also results in mass casualties. To avoid being thwarted by the enemy, these weapons would be designed to be extremely difficult to simply “turn off,” so humans could plausibly lose control of such a situation. This risk is one that’s present even with narrow AI, but grows as levels of AI intelligence and autonomy increase.\n    The AI is programmed to do something beneficial, but it develops a destructive method for achieving its goal: This can happen whenever we fail to fully align the AI’s goals with ours, which is strikingly difficult. If you ask an obedient intelligent car to take you to the airport as fast as possible, it might get you there chased by helicopters and covered in vomit, doing not what you wanted but literally what you asked for. If a superintelligent system is tasked with a ambitious geoengineering project, it might wreak havoc with our ecosystem as a side effect, and view human attempts to stop it as a threat to be met.\n\nAs these examples illustrate, the concern about advanced AI isn’t malevolence but competence. A super-intelligent AI will be extremely good at accomplishing its goals, and if those goals aren’t aligned with ours, we have a problem. You’re probably not an evil ant-hater who steps on ants out of malice, but if you’re in charge of a hydroelectric green energy project and there’s an anthill in the region to be flooded, too bad for the ants. A key goal of AI safety research is to never place humanity in the position of those ants.\nWhy the recent interest in AI safety\n\nStephen Hawking, Elon Musk, Steve Wozniak, Bill Gates, and many other big names in science and technology have recently expressed concern in the media and via open letters about the risks posed by AI, joined by many leading AI researchers. Why is the subject suddenly in the headlines?\n\nThe idea that the quest for strong AI would ultimately succeed was long thought of as science fiction, centuries or more away. However, thanks to recent breakthroughs, many AI milestones, which experts viewed as decades away merely five years ago, have now been reached, making many experts take seriously the possibility of superintelligence in our lifetime. While some experts still guess that human-level AI is centuries away, most AI researches at the 2015 Puerto Rico Conference guessed that it would happen before 2060. Since it may take decades to complete the required safety research, it is prudent to start it now.\n\nBecause AI has the potential to become more intelligent than any human, we have no surefire way of predicting how it will behave. We can’t use past technological developments as much of a basis because we’ve never created anything that has the ability to, wittingly or unwittingly, outsmart us. The best example of what we could face may be our own evolution. People now control the planet, not because we’re the strongest, fastest or biggest, but because we’re the smartest. If we’re no longer the smartest, are we assured to remain in control?\n\nFLI’s position is that our civilization will flourish as long as we win the race between the growing power of technology and the wisdom with which we manage it. In the case of AI technology, FLI’s position is that the best way to win that race is not to impede the former, but to accelerate the latter, by supporting AI safety research.\nThe Top Myths About Advanced AI\n\nA captivating conversation is taking place about the future of artificial intelligence and what it will/should mean for humanity. There are fascinating controversies where the world’s leading experts disagree, such as: AI’s future impact on the job market; if/when human-level AI will be developed; whether this will lead to an intelligence explosion; and whether this is something we should welcome or fear. But there are also many examples of of boring pseudo-controversies caused by people misunderstanding and talking past each other. To help ourselves focus on the interesting controversies and open questions — and not on the misunderstandings — let’s  clear up some of the most common myths.\nAI myths\nTimeline Myths\n\nThe first myth regards the timeline: how long will it take until machines greatly supersede human-level intelligence? A common misconception is that we know the answer with great certainty.\n\nOne popular myth is that we know we’ll get superhuman AI this century. In fact, history is full of technological over-hyping. Where are those fusion power plants and flying cars we were promised we’d have by now? AI has also been repeatedly over-hyped in the past, even by some of the founders of the field. For example, John McCarthy (who coined the term “artificial intelligence”), Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester and Claude Shannon wrote this overly optimistic forecast about what could be accomplished during two months with stone-age computers: “We propose that a 2 month, 10 man study of artificial intelligence be carried out during the summer of 1956 at Dartmouth College […] An attempt will be made to find how to make machines use language, form abstractions and concepts, solve kinds of problems now reserved for humans, and improve themselves. We think that a significant advance can be made in one or more of these problems if a carefully selected group of scientists work on it together for a summer.”\n\nOn the other hand, a popular counter-myth is that we know we won’t get superhuman AI this century. Researchers have made a wide range of estimates for how far we are from superhuman AI, but we certainly can’t say with great confidence that the probability is zero this century, given the dismal track record of such techno-skeptic predictions. For example, Ernest Rutherford, arguably the greatest nuclear physicist of his time, said in 1933 — less than 24 hours before Szilard’s invention of the nuclear chain reaction — that nuclear energy was “moonshine.” And Astronomer Royal Richard Woolley called interplanetary travel “utter bilge” in 1956. The most extreme form of this myth is that superhuman AI will never arrive because it’s physically impossible. However, physicists know that a brain consists of quarks and electrons arranged to act as a powerful computer, and that there’s no law of physics preventing us from building even more intelligent quark blobs.\n\nThere have been a number of surveys asking AI researchers how many years from now they think we’ll have human-level AI with at least 50% probability. All these surveys have the same conclusion: the world’s leading experts disagree, so we simply don’t know. For example, in such a poll of the AI researchers at the 2015 Puerto Rico AI conference, the average (median) answer was by year 2045, but some researchers guessed hundreds of years or more.\n\nThere’s also a related myth that people who worry about AI think it’s only a few years away. In fact, most people on record worrying about superhuman AI guess it’s still at least decades away. But they argue that as long as we’re not 100% sure that it won’t happen this century, it’s smart to start safety research now to prepare for the eventuality. Many of the safety problems associated with human-level AI are so hard that they may take decades to solve. So it’s prudent to start researching them now rather than the night before some programmers drinking Red Bull decide to switch one on.\nControversy Myths\n\nAnother common misconception is that the only people harboring concerns about AI and advocating AI safety research are luddites who don’t know much about AI. When Stuart Russell, author of the standard AI textbook, mentioned this during his Puerto Rico talk, the audience laughed loudly. A related misconception is that supporting AI safety research is hugely controversial. In fact, to support a modest investment in AI safety research, people don’t need to be convinced that risks are high, merely non-negligible — just as a modest investment in home insurance is justified by a non-negligible probability of the home burning down.\n\nIt may be that media have made the AI safety debate seem more controversial than it really is. After all, fear sells, and articles using out-of-context quotes to proclaim imminent doom can generate more clicks than nuanced and balanced ones. As a result, two people who only know about each other’s positions from media quotes are likely to think they disagree more than they really do. For example, a techno-skeptic who only read about Bill Gates’s position in a British tabloid may mistakenly think Gates believes superintelligence to be imminent. Similarly, someone in the beneficial-AI movement who knows nothing about Andrew Ng’s position except his quote about overpopulation on Mars may mistakenly think he doesn’t care about AI safety, whereas in fact, he does. The crux is simply that because Ng’s timeline estimates are longer, he naturally tends to prioritize short-term AI challenges over long-term ones.\nMyths About the Risks of Superhuman AI\n\nMany AI researchers roll their eyes when seeing this headline: “Stephen Hawking warns that rise of robots may be disastrous for mankind.” And as many have lost count of how many similar articles they’ve seen. Typically, these articles are accompanied by an evil-looking robot carrying a weapon, and they suggest we should worry about robots rising up and killing us because they’ve become conscious and/or evil. On a lighter note, such articles are actually rather impressive, because they succinctly summarize the scenario that AI researchers don’t worry about. That scenario combines as many as three separate misconceptions: concern about consciousness, evil, and robots.\n\nIf you drive down the road, you have a subjective experience of colors, sounds, etc. But does a self-driving car have a subjective experience? Does it feel like anything at all to be a self-driving car? Although this mystery of consciousness is interesting in its own right, it’s irrelevant to AI risk. If you get struck by a driverless car, it makes no difference to you whether it subjectively feels conscious. In the same way, what will affect us humans is what superintelligent AI does, not how it subjectively feels.\n\nThe fear of machines turning evil is another red herring. The real worry isn’t malevolence, but competence. A superintelligent AI is by definition very good at attaining its goals, whatever they may be, so we need to ensure that its goals are aligned with ours. Humans don’t generally hate ants, but we’re more intelligent than they are – so if we want to build a hydroelectric dam and there’s an anthill there, too bad for the ants. The beneficial-AI movement wants to avoid placing humanity in the position of those ants.\n\nThe consciousness misconception is related to the myth that machines can’t have goals. Machines can obviously have goals in the narrow sense of exhibiting goal-oriented behavior: the behavior of a heat-seeking missile is most economically explained as a goal to hit a target. If you feel threatened by a machine whose goals are misaligned with yours, then it is precisely its goals in this narrow sense that troubles you, not whether the machine is conscious and experiences a sense of purpose. If that heat-seeking missile were chasing you, you probably wouldn’t exclaim: “I’m not worried, because machines can’t have goals!”\n\nI sympathize with Rodney Brooks and other robotics pioneers who feel unfairly demonized by scaremongering tabloids, because some journalists seem obsessively fixated on robots and adorn many of their articles with evil-looking metal monsters with red shiny eyes. In fact, the main concern of the beneficial-AI movement isn’t with robots but with intelligence itself: specifically, intelligence whose goals are misaligned with ours. To cause us trouble, such misaligned superhuman intelligence needs no robotic body, merely an internet connection – this may enable outsmarting financial markets, out-inventing human researchers, out-manipulating human leaders, and developing weapons we cannot even understand. Even if building robots were physically impossible, a super-intelligent and super-wealthy AI could easily pay or manipulate many humans to unwittingly do its bidding.\n\nThe robot misconception is related to the myth that machines can’t control humans. Intelligence enables control: humans control tigers not because we are stronger, but because we are smarter. This means that if we cede our position as smartest on our planet, it’s possible that we might also cede control.\nThe Interesting Controversies\n\nNot wasting time on the above-mentioned misconceptions lets us focus on true and interesting controversies where even the experts disagree. What sort of future do you want? Should we develop lethal autonomous weapons? What would you like to happen with job automation? What career advice would you give today’s kids? Do you prefer new jobs replacing the old ones, or a jobless society where everyone enjoys a life of leisure and machine-produced wealth? Further down the road, would you like us to create superintelligent life and spread it through our cosmos? Will we control intelligent machines or will they control us? Will intelligent machines replace us, coexist with us, or merge with us? What will it mean to be human in the age of artificial intelligence? What would you like it to mean, and how can we make the future be that way? ![Screenshot_2018-02-15-21-14-25-1.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmXgBPkBXeUyEdcuHcbQAKgkrDp6BFSqWSsyCG2s8jydxi/Screenshot_2018-02-15-21-14-25-1.png)",
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      "author": "cheetah",
      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://qz.com/1202142/alibaba-is-using-use-artificial-intelligence-to-help-raise-pigs/",
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      "body": "Alibaba is best known-as China’s largest e-commerce company, but it’s lately made forays into artificial intelligence and cloud computing. Through a program it calls ET Brain, it’s using AI to improve traffic and city planning, increase airport efficiency, and diagnose illness.\nThe company’s latest AI foray is taking place among pigs.\nAlibaba’s Cloud Unit signed an agreement on Feb. 6 with the Tequ Group, a Chinese food-and-agriculture conglomerate that raises about 10 million pigs each year (link in Chinese), to deploy facial and voice recognition on Tequ’s pig farms.\nAccording to an Alibaba representative, the company will offer software to Tequ that it will deploy on its farms with its own hardware. Using image recognition, the software will identify each pig based on a mark placed on its body. This corresponds with a file for each pig kept in a database, which records and tracks characteristics such as the pig’s breed type, age, and weight. The software can monitor changes in the level of a pig’s physical activity to assess its level of fitness. In addition, it can monitor the sounds on the farm—picking up a pig’s cough, for example, to assess whether or not the pig is sick and at risk of spreading a disease. The software will also draw from its data to assess which pigs are most capable of giving birth to healthy offspring.\nTequ’s CIO stressed that taking care of pigs is no easy task for large pig farms. “If you have 10 million pigs, relying on manpower is already not enough,” he said (link in Chinese), according to a report by local publication Tianxia Wangshang, adding that it’s impossible to manually count each pig given how many are born every day.\nAlibaba told Quartz that the software is currently in use at some of Tequ’s farms already.\nAlibaba is not the only Chinese tech company to venture into rearing China’s favorite meat. William Ding, CEO of Chinese game maker NetEase, opened a pig farm in 2009, where black hogs are raised hormone-free. Weiyang, the company’s pork-centric subsidiary, went on to raise $23 million from high-profile Chinese VC firms. Ding has been open about how the project is intended less as a business and more as a means to raise awareness about food scandals in China. “My intention is to explore new farming models by raising pork and at the same time, make a contribution to solving food safety problems,” he told Chinese media. “I am putting on a stunt to raise people’s awareness.”\nChina is the world’s largest supplier, consumer, and importer of pork. The country produced 53.5 million (.pdf) metric tons of pork in 2017, and since 2007 has kept a pork reserve that it uses to control pork prices (paywall).![Screenshot_2018-02-15-20-32-56-1.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmazitoDPUzhN8MWECEPWMMrZSrKsLMY5QN12ZYuoHzUk6/Screenshot_2018-02-15-20-32-56-1.png)",
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      "author": "sarah.baloch",
      "body": "completely agree :)following you",
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      "author": "cheetah",
      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://www.crosswalk.com/faith/spiritual-life/does-valentines-day-make-people-forget-jesus-love-11566807.html",
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      "author": "ebubechukwu",
      "body": "![Screenshot_2018-02-14-17-58-25-1.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmdwoDc11DZ1Mxk6uk8Y3tjGqcShyC5KQafeR91EPuxKTp/Screenshot_2018-02-14-17-58-25-1.png)SARGODHA, PAKISTAN -- Valentine's Day is widely celebrated across the globe to commemorate the tale of the two lovers who fell in love with each other and died yet left their imperishable impression on this loveless world. February 14, every year, is greeted with red roses and cards. Mosty everyone is cheered up.\n\nValentine cards are swapped between lovers as a gesture of their love. Parties are arranged and youth flock to Valentine's Dance parties. Passion runs high on this day of the year.\n\nWhy is the world so crazy about Valentine's Day? One of my friends asked me lately if I celebrate Valentine's Day. I replied, \"Yes, every day of mine is a Valentine's Day.\"\n\nI do not celebrate it on one day only to not remember my love for those around me the rest of the year. What is the true love that has to be remembered and revered by all of us? Jesus said: \"Greater love has no one than this, than to lay down one's life for his friends\" (John 15:13).\n\nThis is the truest, purest and greatest form of love. Does the world remember it like it does Valentine's Day? I regret to say it does not. Do we ever dance for Jesus, who bled for us that blessed day on the cross to pay for my sins, the entire world's sins? Do we ever take roses to those lying sick in hospitals and nursing homes to give them hope to live on? Do we ever send cards to tender our apologies to those we may have hurt by our vicious attitudes? Have we contemplated making things right with those whom we are not even on speaking terms? Do we return sweet words when confronted with provocative speech? If the answer to the questions posed above is in the affirmative, might I ask why we celebrate Valentine's Day?\n\nI would prefer sorting out my differences with my neighbor and getting my attitude right rather than buying the bouquet of roses for my beloved on Valentine's Day. Why is the world is placing a greater premium on Valentine's Day rather than following the One who loved the world so dearly that He stretched out His hands on the cross and died? Love came into this world but men loved darkness instead of Light because their deeds were evil. I have personally met people on the streets of London who flatly refused the Gospel and cursed the name of Jesus. Ironically enough, these same individuals enthusiastically participate in Valentine celebrations. It hurts me immensely when I see them opting for observance of a \"Love Tradition\" instead of embracing the True Love.\n\nLove that gets you eternal love.\n\nThe \"love\" of today makes demands on us; be that a love for a beloved, love for our family, or love for our country. Each kind of love makes demands on the lovers. However, the Love God has for us makes no demands on us. It rather graces us with a gift, which is not sold in the biggest shopping malls of the world. No purse or pocket can pay for it. Eternal life is a gift of God, which comes through Jesus Christ. The Apostle Paul in his epistle to the Romans says: \"The gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord\" (Romans 6:23).\n\nHow about giving the gift of eternal life on this Valentine Day? Let's be different than the world. How about sharing and learning the greatest love of all, a Man who laid down His life for all of us. Love who bled, Love who suffered, Love who died and the Love who rose again to reign forever and evermore.",
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      "author": "ebubechukwu",
      "body": "An agent is someone who acts for and on behalf of a person called the principal in such a way that he alters his principal legal position with third parties. He creates legal benefits and rights for his principal as well as legal burdens and obligations for principal. \n\nBefore a person can act as an agent of the principal,  there must be an authority conferred by principal to the agent , otherwise such act of the agent shall not affect or alter the principal ' s legal position with regard to third parties.\n\nAgency authority may be conferred by express words or the conduct of both parties (Actual authority). It can also arise from an independent act of the principal to the third parties asserting that a particular person has authority to act  for and on his behalf(ostensible or apparent authority).\n\nIt must be borne in mind that agency relationship subsists only in commercial transactions and matters. Where a person acts for and represents another in a purely domestic and social engagements, such will not amount to an agency relationship. For instance,  where A gives authority to B to represent him in a friend's party. In the eyes of law no agency relationship subsists.",
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      "author": "dhingvimal",
      "body": "Hahaha",
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      "body": "![Screenshot_2018-02-11-20-02-00-1.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmTjrEiTSLNSd3NCkriVKYFAnGrVLNFSY8DbffBvpN6r9M/Screenshot_2018-02-11-20-02-00-1.png)",
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