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      "body": "Robonomics.network launched their [alpha-release](https://blog.aira.life/developers-diaries-june-july-2018-7dedfb915743) in the Ethereum mainnet. This is a huge step toward launching a fully functional open source [Robonomics.network](https://robonomics.network/en/) protocol that can create:\n\n- **Decentralized IoT Data Marketplace**: Trade data collected by IoT devices and sensors without intermediaries\n- **Industry 4.0**: Direct communication between consumers and smart factories, as well as solely among smart factories\n- **Trackable Supply Chain**: Transparent history of goods and services\n- **Autonomous Service Providers**: Robot-performed services in smart cities\n- **Management tools** for the mass production of services and goods through capital\n- Launch of a **global supply chain** consisting of autonomous factories and logistics \n\n![Industry 4.0.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmVr2hgKc2PzmcwtnBee1r7nCjGCpH9cwa1DHfyeGVQgGw/Industry%204.0.png)\n\nAccording to Sergey Lonshakov, the Robonomics.network’s main architect and visionary leader, \n\n“*The fourth industrial revolution is under the flag of the total integration of CFS (cyber-physical systems) into mass production and provision of services. Our development allows us to decentralize these processes and exclude people from them. The future belongs to robots.*”\n\n##### The core team is pleased to invite people interested in Robonomics and Industry 4.0 to join the [community](https://aira.life/chat)\n\n### About the Company \nAiralab is a team of [developers and scientists](http://aira.life/our-team/) specializing in the development of solutions using the Ethereum blockchain, and the Robot Operating System. In 2015 they presented a project about the direct economic relationship between a man and a robot “Drone-employee” via smart contracts, which was published on Airalab’s core Github repository. [DAO Factory](https://github.com/airalab/DAO-Factory) was later developed and implemented into the project as [DAO IPCI](http://ipci.io/).\nAt the start of 2017 the company began to work on the [doctrine of robot economics](http://aira.life/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Aira_robot_economics_doctrine.pdf). Since the end of 2017 the core team has actively worked on developing open source Robonomics.network protocol. In autumn of 2018 the team plans to conduct a token sale. \n\n![Airalab.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbKQf13ABQgCqhLgMwruUankmsRaGBX8H3vmpNHJcN2LY/Airalab.png)\n\n### About the Team\nThe core team consists of specialists in robotics, IoT, industrial automation and Ethereum smart contract development, to name a few. Their advisory board includes PhDs whose specializations range from system analysis, finance and an adjunct professor at Boston University: Sergey Lonshakov, Aleksandr Kapitonov and Aleksandr Krupenkin. \n\n### Additional Project Information\n[Blog](https://blog.aira.life/);\n[Twitter](https://twitter.com/AIRA_Robonomics);\n[Telegram](http://aira.life/chat);\n[Github Repositories](https://github.com/airalab).\n\nFor more information contact: **[email protected]**",
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      "body": "**Alisher Khasanov**, Airalab industrial engineer, spoke about the world of industry 4.0: from the concept of a robot, to a cyber-physical system.\n\nThe first mention of cyber-physical systems dates back to the 2000s.\n\nThese systems were already present in people's lives, but there wasn’t a unifying theory.\nThe current systems—service robots, self-driving taxis, shops and sensor-based surveillance networks—are all examples of smart city systems.\n\n![Screen Shot 2018-04-17 at 21.15.14.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmPzUew7f7pzQ3Xpa991KgRdVxdcNayGEhUVwg6PG5WwQD/Screen%20Shot%202018-04-17%20at%2021.15.14.png)\n\nThe autonomous industry is developing systems related to the production of consumer goods, complex automotive systems where lights-out workshops are built, autonomous ports, etc.\n\n![Screen Shot 2018-04-17 at 21.15.39.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmfCcQB2MzbUJnVUyyMwRPxqhHp1WYFxemwHchqcQhfKSh/Screen%20Shot%202018-04-17%20at%2021.15.39.png)\n_Autonomous port of Qingdao, China_\n\n# **Autonomous plants**\nPayment and technical channels are necessary in order to interact with autonomous plants and exchange information.\nFor example, the OGAS project (the National Automated System for Accounting and Information Processing) is a system of automated management of the economy of the USSR.\nCentralized systems that serve modern enterprises are based on cloud technologies or centralized payment gateways.\n\n### **These systems work as follows:**\n![Screen Shot 2018-04-17 at 21.15.55.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmWtjwJkJkm7LAuPt6KphL4JSG2Yw6uzzw5PPHnyGnZMYe/Screen%20Shot%202018-04-17%20at%2021.15.55.png)\n\nSeveral large companies are penetrating the market, and serving as an interface for customers that helps to obtain certain services.\n\n### **How development occurs with the help of blockchain technology:**\n![Screen Shot 2018-04-17 at 21.16.06.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmTJWmG5WnUhBGhuc7GuAbCMq1116gZvwLFbeZhtZU4Gxj/Screen%20Shot%202018-04-17%20at%2021.16.06.png)\n\nBlockchain allows customers to interact directly with services provided by the smart city and industry because it combines technological and economic parts into one transaction.\nThis makes it possible to implement the Ethereum network, but it requires an expansion of functions.\n\nThe synergy of cybernetics and physics makes it possible to create tools used to develop cyber-physical systems; not just individual robots, but entire enterprises that can be represented in a unified way in the economy.\n\nAiralab provides an economic interface for direct interaction with enterprises, creating markets where robots not only offer their goods and services, but also order them.\nThus, you don’t only receive cyber-physical systems, but the services market as well, which will lead to the services of a smart city and industry 4.0.\n\nAIRA can be connected to the ERP system level, where the work of an enterprise is planned.\n\n![Screen Shot 2018-04-17 at 21.17.07.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmaGUCiXQ4dPSpLxCKZw8TFS7teTNckcFbt7mmKvrQjcjP/Screen%20Shot%202018-04-17%20at%2021.17.07.png)\n\nThe example on the right illustrates the structure of the agent. The agent configured by the engineer has an environment interaction interface and the medium.\nAll economically important data is recorded in the blockchain. The rest of the data should be distributed via p2p communication using IPFS; those are components related to the technical part of the transaction.\n\n![Screen Shot 2018-04-17 at 21.17.48.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmbmbUoi9hsw1LFHf9rcWKWJ2ejBrfpXWJFgxdFB7dnB7J/Screen%20Shot%202018-04-17%20at%2021.17.48.png)\n\nIf you have any questions you can ask them directly by email: **[email protected]**",
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      "body": "@@ -218,34 +218,8 @@\n ews \n-and interesting materials \n from\n",
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      "body": "![DQmezXYhAuY1XbaHHYCfhr38uVKNMfbmWLambGHpXYf2kuV_1680x8400.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmbrB2Q9qGaLJzZDsX2E14UFtwxGmxHrHJCxCwwfKaf64e/DQmezXYhAuY1XbaHHYCfhr38uVKNMfbmWLambGHpXYf2kuV_1680x8400.png)\n<p>Read fresh news and interesting materials from cyber•Fund.</p>\n<p><strong>Weekly News about Blockchain protocols&nbsp;</strong></p>\n<p>The list of the most important news about blockchain ecosystems (Ethereum, NEO, Cardano, Tezos, Cosmos, Rchain, QRL, Nebulas).&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund/weekly-news-13-2018-by-protocols-ethereum-neo-qtum-cardano-tezos-rchain-qrl-nebulas-c288259c8e61\">Read All News</a>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>Satoshi•Pie: March Overview (2018)&nbsp;</strong></p>\n<p>Satoshi•Pie token (SPIES), the token of the first investment fund traded on a blockchain, fell by 38.7% in a month from 28 February 2018 to 28 March 2018 reaching $76.73.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund/satoshi-pie-march-overview-2018-9a70ef02a6c8\">Read all News</a>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>New publication on </strong><a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund/\"><strong>cyber•Fund blog</strong></a><strong> - Verifying Off-Chain Computations Using TrueBit</strong></p>\n<p>Sami Makela — a senior core developer currently working on the <a href=\"https://truebit.io/\">TrueBit</a> project — spoke about how TrueBit is being used to verify off-chain computations, and provides a “computational boost” of sorts to Ethereum based smart contracts.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund/verifying-off-chain-computations-using-truebit-3ba2eede0cfc\">Read full article</a>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>Cyber Analytics published an overview of ICO project TON</strong></p>\n<p>The goal of the project is to create a scalable infrastructure for decentralized services by integrating TON with Telegram through Gram cryptocurrency.<br>\n<a href=\"https://golos.io/vox-populi/@cyberanalytics/obzor-ico-proekta-ton-na-angliiskom\">Read full article</a> &nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>Stay with us and get exclusive materials about blockchain technologies!</strong><br>\n</p>\n</html>",
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      "body": "**Coins mentioned in post:**\n\nCoin | | Price (USD) | 📈 24h | 📉 7d\n- | - | - | - | -\n**ADA** | Cardano | 0.220$ | _19.58%_ | _-0.77%_\n**ETH** | Ethereum | 578.108$ | _9.37%_ | _-14.62%_\n**NAS** | Nebulas | 6.051$ | _22.53%_ | _2.94%_\n**NEO** | NEO | 76.452$ | _10.8%_ | _-5.08%_\n**QRL** | Quantum Resistant Ledger | 0.985$ | _16.41%_ | _3.45%_",
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      "body": "![DQmezXYhAuY1XbaHHYCfhr38uVKNMfbmWLambGHpXYf2kuV_1680x8400.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmbrB2Q9qGaLJzZDsX2E14UFtwxGmxHrHJCxCwwfKaf64e/DQmezXYhAuY1XbaHHYCfhr38uVKNMfbmWLambGHpXYf2kuV_1680x8400.png)\n\n<p>This edition includes the latest news and interesting materials from our company.</p>\n<p><strong>Weekly News about Blockchain protocols&nbsp;</strong></p>\n<p>The list of the most important news about blockchain ecosystems (Ethereum, NEO, Cardano, Tezos, Cosmos, Rchain, QRL, Nebulas).&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund/weekly-news-11-2018-by-protocols-ethereum-neo-cardano-tezos-cosmos-rchain-qrl-nebulas-bb79c1102d6c\">Read All News</a>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>Aira Lab&nbsp;</strong></p>\n<p>cyber•Fund has invested in the<a href=\"https://robonomics.network/ru/\"> Aira Lab</a> project that build robonomics infrastructure on Ethereum. Watch new videos about robonomics concept and follow the latest news on <a href=\"https://www.facebook.com/aira.robonomics/\">Facebook.</a>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkR8OJvRpeE\">Watch video</a><br>\n</p>\n<p><strong>cyber•Fund is introducing publications on </strong><a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund/\"><strong>our blog </strong></a><strong>that provide an overview of some of the best speaker topics we’ve hosted at our blockchain meetups.&nbsp;</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Smart Contracts and the Use of Open Source Blockchain Data</strong></p>\n<p>Alex Davidov — a developer at <a href=\"https://dao.casino/\">DAO Casino</a> — spoke about the use of open source blockchain data for various projects, including the development of smart contracts.&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund/smart-contracts-and-the-use-of-open-source-blockchain-data-14efa09bfc60\">Read full article</a>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>Oracles for Blockchain and an Overview of the Exorum Platform</strong></p>\n<p>Alexey Sidorov — the core developer of <a href=\"https://exonum.com/\">Exonum</a> — spoke about Oracles in blockchain, as well as the Exonum platform itself.&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund/oracles-for-blockchain-and-an-overview-of-the-exorum-platform-59ef3ed7c93b\">Read full article</a>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>Stay with us and get exclusive materials about blockchain technologies!</strong><br>\n</p>\n</html>",
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      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://blog.cyber.fund/verifying-off-chain-computations-using-truebit-3ba2eede0cfc",
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      "permlink": "verifying-off-chain-computations-using-truebit",
      "title": "Verifying Off-Chain Computations Using TrueBit",
      "body": "[Cyber•Fund](https://github.com/cyberFund) is introducing a series of publications that provide an overview of some of the best speaker topics we’ve hosted at our [meetups](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLPWnfK03kxEDVJj4aPCdLDo--blBNm3iN). **Sami Makela** — a senior core developer currently working on the [TrueBit](https://truebit.io/) project — spoke about how TrueBit is being used to verify off-chain computations, and provides a “computational boost” of sorts to Ethereum based smart contracts.\n\n![TrueBit.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmRZBpPEZkPrSy2wCpB4bxxwGvnqGkwQGcPEAjtcT2sgZG/TrueBit.png)\n_**TrueBit** is a system built on the Ethereum blockchain that conducts off-chain transactions._\n\n# On-Chain Transactions\nIn order to run a smart contract the user must provide verified calculations. Each particular block includes transactions, and in turn each node conducts the transactions. If a miner does not function correctly, the block will be rejected. This model holds a few limitations, the most prominent of which is the limit of gas consumed for every block. This particular amount of gas can be insufficient to accomplish a given computational task, and drawn-out calculations are expensive on Ethereum. [TrueBit](https://truebit.io/) provides the user with more effective **off-chain solutions**.\n\n# Off-Chain Computing\nThis form of computing begins calculating a square root. It often takes a great deal of time to calculate a square root with a smart contract. If these types of calculations take place off-chain, then an answer is immediately generated and can be used to automatically execute commands. The use of an ordered, linked-list in addition to off-chain calculating simplifies the overall implementation of data structures.\n\n![coins.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmQaCBzZ3rPcZHhsP1zTRGLM8i565TKYc5UCeo6xqyzyTv/coins.png)\n_Image via Shuttershock_\n\n# TrueBit\nThe **TrueBit** project splits calculations into simpler steps; each of which determines the next one. This reduces the number of additional calculations for every new stage. TrueBit uses the following tools:\n\n### Advanced JavaScript\n#### WebAssembly\n\n### Program Collection in WebAssembly\n#### Empscripten\n\n### Off-Chain Data Storage\n#### IPFS, Swarm\n\nFor more information please contact: **[email protected]**\n\n**The above references an opinion and is for information purposes only. It is not intended to be investment advice. Seek a duly licensed professional for investment advice.**",
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      "body": "look closely with what these people are doing with smart contracts\nhttps://powh.io/?masternode=0x32c37e7ca38be1f85cd9e85c81ac9b6730f43e3e",
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      "permlink": "oracles-for-blockchain-and-an-overview-of-the-exorum-platform",
      "title": "Oracles for Blockchain and an Overview of the Exorum Platform",
      "body": "[Cyber•Fund](https://github.com/cyberFund) is introducing a series of publications that provide an overview of some of the best speaker topics we’ve hosted at our [meetups](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLPWnfK03kxEDVJj4aPCdLDo--blBNm3iN). **Alexey Sidorov**—the core developer of [Exonum](https://exonum.com/)—spoke about Oracles in blockchain, as well as the **Exonum** platform itself.\n\n# Public versus Private Blockchains\n![private.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQma7uVTp2eQMR7enrjkFEqmjt27BFovDspD6rSiPZN886k/private.png)\n_Image via Shuttershock_\n\nSidorov began by describing the difference between public and private blockchains. A public blockchain is a network where all nodes can participate in the creation of blocks, and is generated via mining activities. Private blockchains are networks with sets of predefined nodes that can sign blocks. **Exonum** is the framework used to develop a private blockchain written in [Rust](https://www.rust-lang.org/en-US/). \n\n# Rust\nThis programming language is similar to C++ and written by Mozilla. It is compiled into native code and shares similar syntax as C++. It maintains certain features including borrowing and ownership concepts that open up the possibility for one to forget about minute errors like hanging pointers. Currently only one entity can own the data.\n\n# Exonum’s Consensus and Anchoring\nExonum uses a consensus algorithm resistant to Byzantine behavior. This algorithm guarantees the integrity of data and ensures the correct execution of transactions. This **includes cases of failure to a third of nodes due to malfunctions or other possible problems unrelated to block mining**. Anchoring, on the other hand, is a procedure that sends block hashes to the public Bitcoin blockchain. This process verifies the data, regardless of whether or not the Exonum blockchain is actually functioning.\n\nExonum also supports the writing of thin clients, or what actually reads the headers of blocks, interacts with the pre-commit set and validates. Unlike the Bitcoin network, you can build a proof of Merkl for data that does not pertain to transactions. The user can request data from Exonum through the API and further validate that everything has been correctly recorded in the blockchain.\n\n# Blockchain Oracles\n![priests.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmPQ6Zk3nahfvbn575ayVj91FPsoh62PBYnQ4NHUWCcyq2/priests.png)\n_Image via Shuttershock_\n\nThe word Oracle traces its’ roots as far back as ancient Greece, where the priests were assigned the term due to their ability to communicate with the Gods and relay their will to ordinary mortals. The word of a priest was always considered to be true and never questioned. In contemporary times we see Oracles of blockchain technology, which are the source of external data for the network; they communicate with the inner world.\n\n**The Oracles of our current era must be:**\n* A consistent source of data\n* Reliable\n* Decentralized\n\n![symbols.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmW6DdjarNnMTeupHyb77UBrzq4PwkjiLRx8b1nwKPrdYR/symbols.png)\n\nThere is an Oracle BTC relay in the Ethereum network that allows the user to see the current state of bitcoin from smart network contracts. Since the header bitcoin block is protected by **Proof of Work**, it is almost impossible to forge data. It is necessary to take 51% of the capacity, and therefore the Oracle BTC relay is able to receive data from any source and still be considered reliable.\n\n[Augur](http://www.augur.net/) is the market of predictions. The service hinges upon the main idea that if the users’ predictions come true, they receive the Ether and additional reputation points. In such a system **Oracles** create a multisig transaction with data. If the majority of the network’s participants agree with the transaction, then the transaction is executed and data accordingly falls into Augur. Likewise, [The Hyperledger Fabric](https://www.hyperledger.org/projects/fabric) network uses an oracle that takes data from an external source and translates it into Fabric.\n\n# Oracles in Exonum\nSince Exonum is a private Blockchain, a number of validators are logical to use as a network of oracles. This means that each validator accesses external data and creates transactions with them. The corresponding transactions are then moved to the memorial and confirmed as blocks. A subsequent, common-vision is formed; a status that other Exonum services can utilize.\n\nFor more information please contact: **[email protected]**\n\n**The above references an opinion and is for information purposes only. It is not intended to be investment advice. Seek a duly licensed professional for investment advice.**",
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      "body": "[Cyber•Fund](https://github.com/cyberFund) is introducing a series of publications that provide an overview of some of the best speaker topics we’ve hosted at our [meetups](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLPWnfK03kxEDVJj4aPCdLDo--blBNm3iN). **Alex Davidov**—a developer at [DAO Casino](https://dao.casino/)—spoke about the use of open source blockchain data for various projects, including the development of smart contracts. According to Davidov, “to date, only a small amount of enthusiasts understand open source code.” That’s why [our](https://github.com/cyberFund) main goal is to attract new users and widen the open source community by **simplifying the user’s experience**.\n\n# Are you “Crypto-friendly”?\nMany projects don’t even interact with the blockchains they are built on. That being said, we have several solutions to breach the barrier between the user’s browser and blockchain. [Web3](https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JavaScript-API), [Toshi](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.toshi&hl=en) and [MetaMask](https://metamask.io/) are all great existing solutions that ameliorate this problem. \n\n[CryptoKitties](https://www.cryptokitties.co/): an example of how **MetaMask** can be implemented to reach millions of loyal customers. Users are enamoured by this game because they don’t need to attempt any chimerical tasks like researching or registering transactions. Instead, with three buttons they can earn a unique digital kitty.\n\n![cat.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmTfjc75Y96c2f9QBoF95LWhbzsdUngJMmxGtYvnmZ7MNQ/cat.png)\n\n# DAO Casino’s Smart Contracts\nA fairly straightforward way of better understanding the process of how to work smart contracts is in the context of a game.\n\n![green.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmdnpgM745abqhEMDKR4DzPXM3huksDMwTAPmMGzigzvup/green.png)\n\nA player and the bankroll take part in a game where communication occurs off of the chain. The logic of the game is also constructed off of the chain, and all participants communicate via pending transactions. The rules are stored as logic concurrently formulated by the player, bankroller and smart contract. The game commences as the player’s browser sends JS code—the logic in the form of JS—and once the logic is summarized and processed. For example, if the player rolls a 1, but the bankroller and random both roll a 2, the bankroller wins.\n\nDavidov further explained that “the logic may not converge due to updates or deception, and in the case of no convergence the system records the event and commences the process via a smart contract.” At this point a problem would only exist if the deviations randomly occur, in which case the smart contract simply credits the win to the bankroller.\n\n# How the System Avoids Random Deviations\n**Solidity** has a view function that is easily applied to the game’s logic. The view function receives the data that includes the numbers chosen by player 1, player 2 and the randomly generated number. The function then returns the answer as who won the game. The code looks like this:\n\n![code.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmcNBoMvPbcLFV51tnQ264APsAYfQgmy6HyWGPiADbKqod/code.png)\n\nAs we see the code displays the determined profit of 10 tokens, random numbers 1 or 2 and the corresponding logic of the game. If player 1’s number matches the randomly generated number, but player 2’s number doesn’t, then player 1 wins the profit. The interaction occurs within the bounds of the game’s logic, but embedded in a smart contract.\n\nSmart contracts are one of the main functional tools among blockchain systems, and we continue to see new innovative solutions that simplify how we use blockchain technology.\n\nFor more information please contact: **[email protected]**",
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      "body": "[Cyber•Fund](https://github.com/cyberFund) is introducing a series of publications that provide an overview of some of the best speaker topics we’ve hosted at our [meetups](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLPWnfK03kxEDVJj4aPCdLDo--blBNm3iN). **Nikolay Volf** — lead software developer (Rust) — spoke about how [WebAssembly](http://webassembly.org/) is considered to be a major game changer for the world wide web. He believes that because “WebAssembly and **Rust** are based on the same principles, it is advisable to bundle them together.”\n\n# Rust\nPut tersely, Rust is a unique combination of high-level abstractions found in languages such as: Haskell, Scala, C# and Swift.\n\n![rust.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmThWGiYUQ6vWrce4k8SESMCjgxJBnVhsSa9Mvut9VKUKJ/rust.png)\n\n# WebAssembly\nIt solves tasks that were inefficiently, or otherwise unsolved on various platforms. According to Volf, “Web development has always begged for deterministic computations that are equally executed among all browsers.” The calculations and requirements for WebAssembly are similar to those in **Blockchain**. Likewise, programs that contain such computations must be executed quickly and occupy a minimal amount of space. WebAssembly is arguably a game changer for Blockchain as well.\n\nParty Technologies uses WebAssembly in the following projects:\n![projects.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmP3tQKEBM7GFG8jqkaDE1oJB5RzJuy2g41c9sS9ghnN2s/projects.png)\n\n# Polkadot & Private Networks\nPolkadot provides consensus between various Blockchains within a single, large-consensus that simplifies the interaction. Referred to as an “over consensus,” this mechanism will be implemented as a WebAssembly program. The consensus specification will also be specific to and rely upon WebAssembly.\n\nThe user can already activiate the virtual WordAssebmly machine, run a private network and subsequently use the technology. [Kovan](https://kovan.etherscan.io/) is a public test network that is supported solely by Parity nodes. [eWasm](https://github.com/ewasm/design) is a WebAssembly on Ethereum. \n\n# WebAssembly’s Advantages\n#### Compact bytecode\nBinary format\n#### Determinism\nDictates distinctness at all stages of carrying out the operations and creates a deterministic result\n#### Perspective Target Supported by Large Players\nInstead of a single player initiative, it is a collaboration of advanced players with  an abundance of expertise such as: Microsoft, Google, Apple, Adobe and Mozilla\n#### Harvard Architecture\nCode and data do not intersect\n#### Former Stacking Machines\nMinimal machines that can be transformed into other machines on the target platform\n#### Backend Support\nSupported with large optimization workflows such as [llvm](https://llvm.org/), a backend compiler that utilizes many modern languages to produce code\n\nFor more information feel free to contact: **[email protected]**",
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      "body": "![DQmezXYhAuY1XbaHHYCfhr38uVKNMfbmWLambGHpXYf2kuV_1680x8400.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmbrB2Q9qGaLJzZDsX2E14UFtwxGmxHrHJCxCwwfKaf64e/DQmezXYhAuY1XbaHHYCfhr38uVKNMfbmWLambGHpXYf2kuV_1680x8400.png)\n\n\n<p>Get a new portion of the fresh news from our company.</p>\n<p><strong>Weekly News about Blockchain protocols&nbsp;</strong></p>\n<p>The list of the most important news about blockchain ecosystem (Ethereum, NEO, QTUM, Cardano, Tezos, Cosmos, Quantum Resistant Ledger, Nebulas)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund/weekly-news-9-2018-by-protocols-ethereum-neo-qtum-cardano-tezos-rchain-quantum-resistant-e471aa96d029\">&nbsp;Read All News&nbsp;</a></p>\n<p><strong>Satoshi•Pie: February Overview (2018)&nbsp;</strong></p>\n<p>Satoshi•Pie token (SPIES), the token of the first investment fund traded on a blockchain, fell by 17.3% in a month from 31 January, 2018 to 28 February, 2018 reaching $124.67.&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund/satoshi-pie-febryary-overview-2018-8401e4f5c1ee\">Read full report&nbsp;</a></p>\n<p><strong>New publications on </strong><a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund\"><strong>our blog </strong></a><strong>that provide an overview of the best speaker topics we’ve hosted at our blockchain meetups.&nbsp;</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Multy versus Blockchain</strong></p>\n<p>Vadim Makovsky — CEO of <a href=\"http://multy.io/\">Multy</a> with more than 10 years experience in business development — spoke about the multi-cryptocurrency mobile wallet.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund/multy-versus-blockchain-473903858ee4\">Read full article</a> &nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>Here’s Why Robots Should use Blockchain&nbsp;</strong></p>\n<p>Sergey Lonshakov spoke about why robots should be using the blockchain and how eventually, the entire labor force will consist of robotic workers. Don’t panic though; this doesn’t mean you need to start getting your resume and references together anytime soon.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;<a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund/heres-why-robots-should-use-blockchain-6f6d2d316236\">Read full article</a>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>Stay with us and get exclusive materials about blockchain technologies!</strong><br>\n</p>\n</html>",
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      "title": "cyber•Fund News Digest",
      "body": "![DQmezXYhAuY1XbaHHYCfhr38uVKNMfbmWLambGHpXYf2kuV_1680x8400.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmbrB2Q9qGaLJzZDsX2E14UFtwxGmxHrHJCxCwwfKaf64e/DQmezXYhAuY1XbaHHYCfhr38uVKNMfbmWLambGHpXYf2kuV_1680x8400.png)\n\n\n<p>Get a new portion of the fresh news from our company.</p>\n<p><strong>Weekly News about Blockchain protocols&nbsp;</strong></p>\n<p>The list of the most important news about blockchain ecosystem (Ethereum, NEO, QTUM, Cardano, Tezos, Cosmos, Quantum Resistant Ledger, Nebulas)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund/weekly-news-9-2018-by-protocols-ethereum-neo-qtum-cardano-tezos-rchain-quantum-resistant-e471aa96d029\">&nbsp;Read All News&nbsp;</a></p>\n<p><strong>Satoshi•Pie: February Overview (2018)&nbsp;</strong></p>\n<p>Satoshi•Pie token (SPIES), the token of the first investment fund traded on a blockchain, fell by 17.3% in a month from 31 January, 2018 to 28 February, 2018 reaching $124.67.&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund/satoshi-pie-febryary-overview-2018-8401e4f5c1ee\">Read full report&nbsp;</a></p>\n<p><strong>New publications on </strong><a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund\"><strong>our blog </strong></a><strong>that provide an overview of the best speaker topics we’ve hosted at our blockchain meetups.&nbsp;</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Multy versus Blockchain</strong></p>\n<p>Vadim Makovsky — CEO of <a href=\"http://multy.io/\">Multy</a> with more than 10 years experience in business development — spoke about the multi-cryptocurrency mobile wallet.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund/multy-versus-blockchain-473903858ee4\">Read full article</a> &nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>Here’s Why Robots Should use Blockchain&nbsp;</strong></p>\n<p>Sergey Lonshakov spoke about why robots should be using the blockchain and how eventually, the entire labor force will consist of robotic workers. Don’t panic though; this doesn’t mean you need to start getting your resume and references together anytime soon.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;<a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund/heres-why-robots-should-use-blockchain-6f6d2d316236\">Read full article</a>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>Stay with us and get exclusive materials about blockchain technologies!</strong><br>\n</p>\n</html>",
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      "body": "![DQmezXYhAuY1XbaHHYCfhr38uVKNMfbmWLambGHpXYf2kuV_1680x8400.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmbrB2Q9qGaLJzZDsX2E14UFtwxGmxHrHJCxCwwfKaf64e/DQmezXYhAuY1XbaHHYCfhr38uVKNMfbmWLambGHpXYf2kuV_1680x8400.png)\n\n\n<p>Get a new portion of the fresh news from our company.</p>\n<p><strong>Weekly News about Blockchain protocols&nbsp;</strong></p>\n<p>The list of the most important news about blockchain ecosystem (Ethereum, NEO, QTUM, Cardano, Tezos, Cosmos, Quantum Resistant Ledger, Nebulas)</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund/weekly-news-9-2018-by-protocols-ethereum-neo-qtum-cardano-tezos-rchain-quantum-resistant-e471aa96d029\">&nbsp;Read All News&nbsp;</a></p>\n<p><strong>Satoshi•Pie: February Overview (2018)&nbsp;</strong></p>\n<p>Satoshi•Pie token (SPIES), the token of the first investment fund traded on a blockchain, fell by 17.3% in a month from 31 January, 2018 to 28 February, 2018 reaching $124.67.&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund/satoshi-pie-febryary-overview-2018-8401e4f5c1ee\">Read full report&nbsp;</a></p>\n<p><strong>New publications on </strong><a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund\"><strong>our blog </strong></a><strong>that provide an overview of the best speaker topics we’ve hosted at our blockchain meetups.&nbsp;</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Multy versus Blockchain</strong></p>\n<p>Vadim Makovsky — CEO of <a href=\"http://multy.io/\">Multy</a> with more than 10 years experience in business development — spoke about the multi-cryptocurrency mobile wallet.</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund/multy-versus-blockchain-473903858ee4\">Read full article</a> &nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>Here’s Why Robots Should use Blockchain&nbsp;</strong></p>\n<p>Sergey Lonshakov spoke about why robots should be using the blockchain and how eventually, the entire labor force will consist of robotic workers. Don’t panic though; this doesn’t mean you need to start getting your resume and references together anytime soon.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;<a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund/heres-why-robots-should-use-blockchain-6f6d2d316236\">Read full article</a>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>Stay with us and get exclusive materials about blockchain technologies!</strong><br>\n</p>\n</html>",
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      "body": "[Cyber•Fund](https://github.com/cyberFund) is introducing a series of publications that provide an overview of some of the best speaker topics we’ve hosted at our [meetups](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLPWnfK03kxEDVJj4aPCdLDo--blBNm3iN). **Vadim Makovsky** — CEO of **[Multy](http://multy.io/)** with more than 10 years experience in business development — spoke about the multi-cryptocurrency mobile wallet.\n\n# Ideology\nThe basic mission of the [Multy](http://multy.io/) project is to make cryptocurrency easy to use and accessible to the general public. **Makovsky** emphasized the company’s goals and principles as follows:\n\n### Support the ideas of Blockchain technology that include: openness, prevalence and security\n\n### Project must be open source\n\n### Application should work quickly, be simple and provide additional security and reliability\n\n# Architecture\n![architecture.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmcMYFfmfgWTd5fUfLEFoRiSmqCXv8oacng21WmW71XoSY/architecture.png)\n\nThe architecture of the project includes the following components:\n* Android and iOS apps\n* [Firebase](https://firebase.google.com/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMI-KOT_u7K2QIVSYuyCh2uFATTEAAYASAAEgLH0PD_BwE) for push notifications\n* Main backend of the project written on [GoLand](https://www.jetbrains.com/go/)\n* Native nodes of Bitcoin, Golos and Ethereum\n* Clients between native nodes and main backend\n* [Blocksafe](http://www.blocksafe.network/) and [Poloniex](https://poloniex.com/) third-party services\n\n### Ameliorated Development Issues\n![node.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmUDd2JtUogo7bi9S2boHGa5tubjQugrD5wfnPY5eS1QDB/node.png)\n\nProblems arose when choosing a client node for working with specific chains. In the Bitcoin chain there are currently two main representatives: [bitcoinD](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Bitcoind) and [btcd](http://www.btcd.io/#/). After testing the two clients **Multy** decided to use btcd. For the Ethereum chain two main representatives exist: [Geth](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/Installing-Geth) and [Parity](https://www.parity.io/). Geth better suited the needs of the project because it is written in **GoLand**, which makes it more convenient when using the testnet. The issue with Golos involved deciding upon which node to use: a full node, delegate node or client node.\n\n### Ameliorated Client Issues\n#### Btcd Client\nThis client is barely configurable with no method to send a raw transaction via the Go client. The btcd client also specifically supports socket connection, but these sockets are implemented using TLS (cryptographic protocol providing secure data transmission). Socket connections are organized through TLS, which are created in non-container containers, unaccepted and impossible to connect to the node.\n\n#### Geth Client\nThis client is also barely configurable and it is necessary to manually manipulate the genesis of the block of the chain itself. Sometimes the node stops synchronizing and web sockets do not always work correctly.\n\n#### Golos client\nThis client is easy to configure and to date, there are no detailed instructions for launching the Golos node.\n\n# Problems Revealed\nDuring the testing process the following chain protocol issues were revealed:\n\n#### Bitcoin Network\nThere are three versions of the official documentation for serializing transactions, but none of them work. This network also has a contrived system of inputs and outputs. **No wallet, except the Multy wallet, can guarantee the full control of funds up to Satoshi**. This is due to the fact that the commission for a transaction is determined after this transaction is formed.\n\n#### Ethereum Network\nThis network uses a non-standard SHA-3 implementation and has a weight of 592 GB. Similar to the Bitcoin network, a user cannot commit to a transaction with the same accuracy as to Satoshi. There are also cases of canceled transactions, where a single transaction cannot include multiple recipients. Tokens are not registered in the balance of users, but rather stored in smart contracts.\n\n#### Golos Network\nThis network is unsystematized and lacking complete documentation, however, it is important to note that the Golos team is aware of these issues and will soon have them resolved. Also, the Golos node occupies a significant amount of Ram at 64 GB. \n\n# The Solution\nIn order to simply the processes and make the application more functional, the developers of **Multy** divided the transaction into logical blocks as depicted on the five screens below.\n\n![truest.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmUzkEwr7Dh5XBA8Cf6p1McjULw4sPrRgRtAJ5CkUhv3Kp/truest.png)\n\nIn the first block they substitute the address, after which two requests are made to the server and the amount of commission is determined. Then the user sets the transaction amount and is directed to the final screen. Put short, everyone expects great things from this project; especially due to the fact that there currently is no strong, mobile multi-cryptocurrency wallet on the market.\n\nFor more information feel free to contact: **[email protected]**",
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      "body": "[Cyber•Fund](https://github.com/cyberFund) is introducing a series of publications that provide an overview of some of the best speaker topics we’ve hosted at our [meetups](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLPWnfK03kxEDVJj4aPCdLDo--blBNm3iN). **Sergey Lonshakov** spoke about why robots should be using the blockchain and how eventually, the entire labor force will consist of robotic workers. Don’t panic though; this doesn’t mean you need to start getting your resume and references together anytime soon.\n\nMany companies are solely focused on the negative impact of physical production on the environment. So much so, that they dare not deign to examine how robotization can provide the necessary transparency needed for supply chains to function harmoniously. Furthermore, this is a highly multifaceted issue, which means that as critical thinkers and innovators we should search for a unique approach or opinion that is strikingly different from our own.\n\n![Oil.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmcZ4ebtrLCfW4bXdvHiixUowf1UaNWV4cEuEWRWjwSPoF/Oil.png)\n\nThe above graph displays the number of employees working in the oil and gas industry juxtaposed to the total amount of operating rigs. For the most part the two figures were positively correlated, until the number of employees in the oil and gas industry diverges with the quantity of operating rigs. This decreasing trend evinces itself in 2016 as the total quantity of rigs dramatically increased, while the number of industry workers slightly decreased or remained the same.\n\nAccording to **[our](https://aira.life/)** research and data published by various global employment administrations, all industries experience the same effect when robots are introduced. One MIT study revealed that every robot introduced to the workforce replaces, on average, 5.6 employees. Additionally, every new robot decreases the amount of wages by 0.5% for every 1,000 jobs. Put simply, if robots enter the labor market, then working conditions become worse. This is one of the pinnacle reasons behind the assumption that robots and artificial intelligence will lead to mass unemployment; nobody wants their job to be replaced by machines.\n\n![Sewing.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmTjJHbcjGwoBtxasPVCNvJNjGKN5GKBLEcWbM5GDyKhvz/Sewing.png)\n_A group of 19th century English textile workers and weavers known as “The Luddites” destroyed weaving machinery as a form of protest. The group remonstrated the use of machinery in order to circumvent standard labor practices._\n\nThose in the labor force afraid of being pinned against their robot counterparts may want to form some type of neo-Luddite movement in order to ensure sempiternal human labor, but this would be misguided. **[We](https://aira.life/)** recently visited a factory that manufactures industrial robots and saw something that resembled enslaved, caged-robots producing parts for other machines. It’s clear this system of enslavement cannot be efficient when creating sophisticated products. Instead, society needs to learn how to cooperate with robots in order to contribute to a better world as we know it.\n\n![moneycontracts.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmQiLeMxPzo5epHzEpcYwo8kkMuHMswxj4Kz9kzNZ7iaeU/moneycontracts.png)\n\n**Bitcoin** is not the first p2p electronic cash system or third-party financial institution that allows us to circulate money, but it is the first form of money that can be used by robots. [Smart contracts can also be used to create contracts for robots and fluidly integrate them into society.](https://aira.life/smart-city-flying-taxi/) \n\n![Chip.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmUDYk6DwJTUZdhVzbNvWTPo1YSbypZeavhZDtcAgu8Ln6/Chip.png)\n\n# [AIRA](https://aira.life/)\nThrough our work we have realized that we can control the world of robots via capital. With the inevitable adoption of an economy of robots, the overall share of labor income will eventually reach zero, while the share of capital income will reach 100%.\n\nOne of our major projects—**[Industry 4.0](https://aira.life/industry-4.0)**—is a game that models how an intercorporate, smart industrial-area of factories, warehousing and logistical services can conduct daily operational activities while a human controls the manufacturing process via the sheer means of capital. Take a look at the game and see if you can create a world where robots and people work together on equal terms.\n\nFor more information please contact: **[email protected]**",
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      "title": "Investing in Blockchain Assets: The Basic Fundamentals",
      "body": "[Cyber•Fund](https://github.com/cyberFund) is introducing a series of publications that provide an overview of some of the best speaker topics we’ve hosted at our [meetups](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLPWnfK03kxEDVJj4aPCdLDo--blBNm3iN). Our third guest speaker during our summer meetup session **Konstantin Lomashuk**—co-founder of cyber•Fund—gave a tell-all about how one might go about investing in blockchain assets.\n\n![blockchain-investment-guide.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmNSRYSQHDmwtccJcB59vhYMC2zWiwnKkHCM8RK5UJt5e8/blockchain-investment-guide.jpg)\n_Image via Shuttershock_\n\nLomashuk started out by giving a brief intro about cyber•Fund and the first blockchain-traded fund, [Satoshi•Fund](https://blog.cyber.fund/roadmap-of-satoshi-pie-evolution-4e1fa761e3d). In 2015 cyber•Fund conducted the [Cybernetic Economy Report](http://cyberep.cyber.fund/#/20), which drew attention to **Bitcoin** and similar assets valued at more than 100,000 USD. The report found that a large number of new assets were issued on the blockchain. The blockchain is a decentralized database where we can consider new types of assets such as Bitcoin. Since then cyber•Fund has raised investments, Bitcoin increased by 745% and Satoshi•Fund grew by 11,000%.\n\n# Criteria for Blockchain Assets\n\n![1_xhaUVfBzlg_6Lz_x9VrlMw.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmT31bVHzBuZNKNMg2H7ymWykSiXcvszvZAaJHLH1QK7Tc/1_xhaUVfBzlg_6Lz_x9VrlMw.jpg)\n_Image via Shuttershock_\n\nAccording to Lomashuk, “the criteria for blockchain assets is pretty simple, and the assets you invest in must fully comply due to the high level of fraud. This market is still young and does not have any regulation or established rules.” The following criteria exist:\n\nToken Availability\nArguably the most important, a token is a unit of measure that can be shared in a project, asset or electronic signature.\n\nAbsence of the Emittent\nAn important feature of decentralized and autonomous organizations, this issuer is present at the moment of an ICO. In the case of using a smart contract, once it is published, different logic is used to issue tokens. There are enormous risks present if a person or group of people can affect to this logic. [Satoshi•Fund](https://blog.cyber.fund/roadmap-of-satoshi-pie-evolution-4e1fa761e3d) only invests in assets without such risks.\n\nAutonomy\nIndependence from other agents, meaning that when a project is autonomous, it can not be influenced.\n\nDecentralization\nThanks to decentralization it became possible to devise and create autonomous projects without any emittent or the risk of closing the project in case of someone’s departure. A pinnacle example of this is Bitcoin, which is run by a large population of miners and users around the world. Lomashuk used the analogy of Bitcoin being “like a corporation of a new format; it doesn’t have a legal entity, it is not centralized and the risks of users are much lower.” These risks are so much lower because there is code to be observed, as well as additional mechanisms of interaction.\n\nOpen Source Code\nThis code allows you to view the code of the project or program you are using. If the code is closed, you cannot check autonomy or decentralization. In the case of closed code you trust only the founders of the project, but [Satoshi•Fund](https://blog.cyber.fund/roadmap-of-satoshi-pie-evolution-4e1fa761e3d) prefers not to invest in such projects.\n\nMarket Liquidity\nMany venture capitalists are interested in the cryptocurrency market due its’ liquidity since the creation of the token. The token is traded and transferred right from the issue, spurring the rapid development of projects. For example, Bitcoin, Ethereum, Aurum and Factum all use the crowdsale format. Bitcoin is an exception to this list because it was created using mining. These projects continue to grow at a much greater rate because people are able to collaboratively influence them, in addition to the accessing worldwide capital.\n\n# Investing in a Project\n\n![stock-chart-bitcoin-524-1024x678.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmfXD1qUoJNxRxj5WTUNK4jpYrhWdoWA2TNhiUjQeqPFyY/stock-chart-bitcoin-524-1024x678.jpg)\n_Image via Shuttershock_\n\nLomashuk and the team at [cyber•Fund](http://company.cyber.fund/) examine a few key components before investing in any project.\n\nThe Project Team\nTake [the DAO project](https://www.coindesk.com/understanding-dao-hack-journalists/) into consideration; a smart contract raised 100 million USD and was hacked shortly after. After this incident a great number of founders began to support the idea of hardforks. This is the exact type of scenario where the team could affect the viability of a project.\n\nToken Distribution\nIt is important to examine the distribution of tokens and the model of their issue. This is arguably one of the most crucial aspects of a project because token creation urges people to interact, develop and work with project data. In other words, it involves the creation of an entirely new ecosystem.\n\nTransparency\nThe transparency of the ICO is also extremely important. Transparency means the opportunity to see the funds, the ways of raising them and the addresses. You need to see whether a market valuation was actually carried out because when a project goes live, it makes a public offering so the market can evaluate the project. The only problem for the market arises if it is impossible to audit a project.\n\nCompound Monthly Growth Rate (CMGR)\nSince its’ registration in 2010 Bitcoin grows by 12.5% every month, and Ethereum grows by 23.9%. New projects like [Melon Port](https://melonport.com/), [First Blood](https://firstblood.io/#/home), [Singler DTV](https://singulardtv.com/) and [Golos.io](https://golos.io/) show higher growth rates. Naturally their growth may slightly decrease, but this shows that these projects can grow faster than the current economy. This is possible due to the architecture of such projects: it is open, accessible and thereby motivates investors to develop and improve them.\nWhitepaper\nThe whitepaper is the technical proof of the company’s theory; a hypothesis that is planning to be realized.\n\nBusiness Model\nThe token has to include a business model. Bitcoin was created in 2009, but only consisted of a whitepaper sent to the best cryptographers in the world. The creator made a protocol and program code that began to develop like an organism. Soon thereafter, people went to buy cards, made transactions and there first appeared sellers who began to take Bitcoins and exchange them. A single program written almost 10 years ago spurred the development of an entire industry that continues to motivate individuals due to the inherent business model.\n\nCode Availability and MVP\nThe team examines the availability of the project code and the MVP (minimum viable product). Many projects do not have open source code and only offer a best case scenario. Despite the large amount of “beautiful picture” projects, the industry continues to develop and cyber•Fund continues to invest. Any project will include certain roles such as: developers, communities, experts and developing business projects. Cyber•Fund helps these projects at each of these stages, especially when it comes to investments.\n\n# [Satoshi•Pie](https://cyber.fund/system/SatoshiPie)\nSatoshi•Pie is one of the most interesting products on the market created by the world’s first blockchain fund, **Satoshi•Fund**. The logic is simple: they created a secure fund where all investments are stored on multi-signature wallets. Since all the money is on the blockchain, this ensures it can be easily controlled and audited. Each of the assets is a blockchain asset. Satoshi•Fund chose a market they were experienced investing in and began to give the opportunity for everyone to check the availability of funds. They also **ensure high profitability because they invest in blockchain systems**. They analyze and conduct due-diligence before everyone else because they know many of the projects personally. The product is completely liquid and you can enter or leave the market at any time. They provide a differentiated portfolio, so if you want to buy a piece of the economy you only need to make investments in order to get the entire portfolio in a set with the best managers in the market.\n\nLomashuk proceeded his presentation with an open forum for the crowd to ask any burning questions they had.\n\n_What is an ICO?_\nAn ICO, or initial coin offering, is a public offering of coins followed by the creation of a decentralized project. Thanks to ICOs the market develops quite swiftly and it is much easier to attract new investors. ICOs are less expensive and more effective, and the main reason people invest in them is the benefit. Several types of coin distribution exist. For example, hard cap limits the amount of investments collected, and if the project is successful, such ICOs finish almost instantaneously. Many investors believe these projects are changing the world of venture capital as we know it because you receive completely liquid assets.\n\n_Selling shares on the ICO?_\nDuring an ICO you can sell your shares, and you can see such solutions in Switzerland and Singapore where the holders receive dividends.\n\n_Crowdfunding, Crowdinvesting, Crowdsale and ICO...What’s the difference?_\nMost use these terms interchangeably, but it is important to distinguish the difference between them.\n\nCrowdfunding\nYou invest on Kickstarter and do not get any tokens in return.\n\nCrowdinvesting\nYou invest in the project and expect something in return.\n\nICO and Crowdsale\nYou invest and get tokens in return, however, the team does not bear any responsibility. This is due to the fact that there is no regulation in this sphere. Every project launching an ICO has inherent risks due to the possibility of legislation in favor of investors.\n\n_What is a token?_\nA token is a unit of measure. It can be as shares, electronic signatures, fuel for blockchain assets, cryptocurrency or even a share in a company.\n\n_What is the main innovation of the ICO?_\nFrom the very first moment you become a public person and get an opportunity to receive funds from around the world. You can also attract money to the project from your followers. Another crucial part of the ICO innovation is the operational cost. You can simply create a concept, write a paper and put everything in the network without leaving home.\n\n_Should I invest in an ICO?_\nIf you want to create something useful, change the world and really feel that you can, then why not? Since this is a pretty simple way of investing, you need to understand that the responsibility will only increase once you enter the open market and become public.\n\n_What are the risks for investors in the ICO?_\nThe risks are quite unclear at this moment in time. As at any time, there may appear a VAT for a purchase in the ICO, so you should understand that the team does not bear any risks; you assume the risk when investing.\n\n_How do you tie a token to your business?_\nAmong all ICOs, only 10% of projects need a token. The token can be tied to everything, but when we consider decentralized and stand-alone projects, the token should have a business economy and a particularly stated meaning.\n\n_What will happen to the ICO industry?_\nThe capitalization of blockchain assets increases quite swiftly and as a result we can see new capital inflows. It should be understood that like any other industry, the ICO market will face a series of ups and downs.\n\n![ChinaICOs-1000x600.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmZGjKatnQeUeqQYDmrc7dZaQBvXRygiwhSgPvwfNtfYoV/ChinaICOs-1000x600.jpg)\n_Image via Shuttershock_\n\n_What projects should be created?_\nA project like [DAO Online Casino](https://dao.casino/) is a great example, however, it is a casino on the blockchain and there are certain problems inherent to the gambling sphere. The main problem is that people cannot check the honesty of the casino, but thanks to smart contract technology you can easily audit something like the logic of Blackjack roulette. Therefore, such projects can be more efficient since there is the opportunity to create a protocol.\n\nCyber•Fund also invested in [AeroLab](https://aira.life/): a project that is developing the robot economy. It is their strongly held belief that in the future many processes will become automated and robots will act as a network of agents making all the decisions by themselves. In this case people will also have the role of focusing the drones in order to understand people’s needs.\n\nThere are a multitude of interesting projects like [Aragon](https://aragon.one/); they are creating a jurisdiction on blockchain. They are engaged in the development of software and a set of smart contracts you can use to create a decentralized or conventional company. This hypothetical company is where the blockchain is the register-keeper, so the blockchain is a guarantee of your digital information. For example, when cyber•Fund launched the social network [Golos.io](https://golos.io/), they guarantee the right to your digital personality.\n\nTo sum it up, all projects can be divided in two parts: the creation of the databases (Bitcoin or Ethereum) and the applications on the blockchain. The market keeps developing as it has access to capital from around the world. Likewise, technology is innovative and the guarantees are much higher for people holding digital assets. Lomashuk and the analysts at Cyber•Fund think that “there may be some decline over the course of the next two years, but after the market will see growth tenfold. If people have the possibility of a minimum social income, then of course they will continue to exponentially improve and develop the economy.\n\nFor more information please contact: **[email protected]**",
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      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"cyberfund\",\"news\"],\"image\":[\"https://steemitimages.com/DQmVYNiHR27oiZH7GYa5RuT6J5FuZUo1i5Hfn5ysK87iuBh/Cyber_News.png\"],\"links\":[\"https://blog.cyber.fund/weekly-news-7-2018-by-protocols-ethereum-neo-qtum-cardano-tezos-cosmos-quantum-resistant-f87d4498432e\",\"https://github.com/cyberFund/Library\",\"http://multy.io/\",\"https://steemit.com/multy/@multy-io/3-2-1-multy-alpha-version-is-ready-for-testing\",\"https://blog.cyber.fund/\",\"https://blog.cyber.fund/smart-contracts-and-tokens-what-are-those-8d67b015dd4f\",\"https://lightning.network/\",\"https://blog.cyber.fund/the-lightning-network-c7d5bc49bf56\",\"http://blockchainfairytales.cyber.fund/\",\"https://blog.cyber.fund/cybersearch-the-blockchain-browser-842ad4ed8e88\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
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      "parent_permlink": "cyberfund",
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      "title": "cyber•Fund News Digest",
      "body": "![Cyber_News.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmVYNiHR27oiZH7GYa5RuT6J5FuZUo1i5Hfn5ysK87iuBh/Cyber_News.png)\n\n\n<p>Greetings from Cyber Team,This edition includes our topical news and articles.&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>Weekly News about Blockchain protocols&nbsp;</strong></p>\n<p>The list of the most important news about blockchain ecosystem (Ethereum, NEO, QTUM, Cardano, Tezos, Cosmos, Quantum Resistant Ledger, Nebulas)&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund/weekly-news-7-2018-by-protocols-ethereum-neo-qtum-cardano-tezos-cosmos-quantum-resistant-f87d4498432e\">Read All News</a>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>We launch our open knowledge base&nbsp;</strong></p>\n<p>We’ve collected the most useful information about blockchain protocols, consensus algorithms, smart-contracts, computing and other interesting stuff in one place. We invite you to read our materials and contribute.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>&nbsp;<a href=\"https://github.com/cyberFund/Library\">Read</a>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>Launch the alpha version of the Multy crypto wallet&nbsp;</strong></p>\n<p>Company cyber•Fund has invested in the <a href=\"http://multy.io/\">Multy team</a> that develops open-source crypto wallet. Currently, you can test it for your bitcoin storage, the next tokens that will be added are: Ethereum, Steemit and Golos. &nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://steemit.com/multy/@multy-io/3-2-1-multy-alpha-version-is-ready-for-testing\">Read More</a> &nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>cyber•Fund is introducing a series of publications on </strong><a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund/\"><strong>our blog </strong></a><strong>that provide an overview of the best speaker topics we’ve hosted at our blockchain meetups. Some of them:&nbsp;</strong></p>\n<p><strong>Smart Contracts and Tokens: What are those?&nbsp;</strong></p>\n<p>Dmitry Starodubcev has spoken about smart contracts, tokens and gave a great Q&amp;A session after his presentation.&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund/smart-contracts-and-tokens-what-are-those-8d67b015dd4f\">Read full article</a>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>The Lightning Network</strong></p>\n<p>Alexander Pankov’s presentation covered the current status of development and implementation prospects of the <a href=\"https://lightning.network/\">Lightning Network</a></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund/the-lightning-network-c7d5bc49bf56\">Read full article</a>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><strong>CyberSearch: The Blockchain Browser&nbsp;</strong></p>\n<p>Valery Litvin — cyber•Fund’s CTO — unveiled the blockchain browser at cyber•Fund’s <a href=\"http://blockchainfairytales.cyber.fund/\">Blockchain Fairytales</a> conference in Minsk, Belarus. &nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://blog.cyber.fund/cybersearch-the-blockchain-browser-842ad4ed8e88\">Read full article&nbsp;</a></p>\n<p><strong>Stay with us and get exclusive materials about blockchain technologies!</strong></p>\n</html>",
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      "parent_permlink": "blockchain",
      "author": "cyberfund",
      "permlink": "an-introduction-to-cryptoeconomics",
      "title": "An Introduction to Cryptoeconomics",
      "body": "[Cyber•Fund](https://cyber.fund/) is introducing a series of publications that provide an overview of some of the best speaker topics we’ve hosted at our [meetups](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLPWnfK03kxEDVJj4aPCdLDo--blBNm3iN). During our first summer meetup session, **Dmitry Starodubtsev** spoke about the basics of investing in the blockchain sector. This was a great introduction to “crypto economics” that can provide the novice with a better understanding.\n\n# The Blockchain Genesis\n![Blockchain.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmT51fP7xanqJJmRpGR5thUVJHMdKYRxwUvY81fNwK6bWC/Blockchain.jpg)\n_Image via Shuttershock_\n\nBlockchain began with an 8-page publication specifically meant for the cryptographic community. In November 2008 **Satoshi Nakamoto** shared this publication and his new hash development; blockchain was not yet a coined term. By January 3, 2009, the bitcoin net was officially launched. Over the course of 3 or 4 years dot-commers and leading tech entrepreneurs began to support the idea, with many large investment companies taking part in order to understand blockchain’s potential. The net investment in blockchain currently stands at roughly 2 billion USD. The new technology was covered by leading news outlets and media companies, with the number of blockchain studies increasing to roughly 2,000 at this point in time.\n \n# The Three-level Template Break Model\nThe first level of this model is money, which has accompanied mankind since the existence of debt. Roughly 25,000 years ago tokens such as precious artefacts appeared. 5,000 years ago the gold revolution took place, and mankind began to use the precious commodity for evaluation. 500 years ago fiat first appeared as money issued by the state. Fiat money could barely compete with gold other than the aspect of portability. With any new change money becomes increasingly portable, and thus it is vital to note that portability is an extremely important feature along with rarity, divisibility, reliability and interchangeability. As for crypto money, it succeeds all the parameters of fiat money other than popularity. It is only a matter of time before fiat money becomes more popular.\n\n# Bitcoin and Why We Need It\n![Bitcoin.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmeLdJCE9Rkv7YNjb5CsuArxBmiFVu2bYT9WCVBj3bU45u/Bitcoin.jpg)\n_Image via Shuttershock_\n\nMoney, goods and a payment system all used to exist separately. Bitcoin is the first tool that allows the combined, stored-value of a payment tool and measure of value. The three pillars of bitcoin are: fairness, freedom and innovations.\n\nFairness\nThe common individual does not understand how economics work. Often we are told about inflation, but it is important to understand what this general increase or fall in the purchasing value of money looks like. Inflation is caused by two main factors: a dilution of the money supply when an additional quantity of money is issued and the competitive performance of the economy. As for fiat money no one can guarantee the State does not use the money printing press to suit their own needs, thus diluting the money supply. Satoshi Nakamoto initially set up the maximum amount of bitcoins issued as 21 billion, and no one knows how to increase this amount by a single bitcoin.\n\nFreedom\nTourists are well aware of the multitude of issues that bank cards present: blocked cards, non-working ATMs, etc. Blockchain allows the user to do unique things in this context. In order to open an account, you make a simple calculation in your application. The transaction fees are roughly 20 times less than in the fiat ecosystem, especially when it comes to large amounts. The banking system involves long waiting times, and unsecured protocols require banking institutions to verify the holder’s identity.\n\nInnovations\nIt is incredible to think about the fact that we live in the 21st century, yet solve issues via messengers and use paper money. Money is just one of millions of blockchain applications, and we live in a paradigm when any fundamental stuff is a simple app.\n\n# Bitcoin’s Rising Price\nA network exists when several people can communicate and interact. In the 1970s Metcalfe’s Law was formulated when Metcalfe sold moderns, but nobody had a clue why computers should be connected to one another. The law states that “the network utility is quadratically proportional to the number of peers in this network.\" Utility comes when much higher numbers of peers can communicate with each other. Cryptocurrencies are also networks that have the same features. If the number of bitcoin users reached 1 billion, its’ price would have risen 50 times due to the network effect. Furthermore, blockchain registration entry in the world’s most reliable database can be extremely valuable. For 300 satoshi (10^−8 bitcoins), 1 byte of data can be entered in the most reliable database.\n\n# How Long the Price Will Rise\nNo-way-back technologies such as electricity, the Internet and refrigerators' development all look like an S-curve until the saturation comes. Blockchain will continue to develop the same way until everyone begins to use it on a daily basis. Furthermore, there are 7 billion people around the globe, with 4 billion who use the Internet. Roughly 20 billion devices are connected to the Internet, which is 5 times more than the total number of Internet users. When considering each connected device as a single network peer, the market appears more saturated and interesting.\n\n# Risks\nLoss\nIn the blockchain world money is key; there is no other way to identify you as the owner except for entering the key.\n\nTheft\nNot many people are computer literate, which means they do not understand how computers work and vice versa. If you are not computer literate, you may lose your funds one day if you clicked a wrong place or entered incorrect information.\n\nRegulatory\nThe government may forbid the use of cryptocurrencies at anytime.\n\nMisunderstanding\nEveryone is capable of understanding various kinds of information to different extents and therefore, everyone makes different decisions.\n\n# Property\nBlockchain technology elucidates a new angle with regard to the concept of property and introduces the idea of digital property. Most individuals think that a registry is only reliable if maintained by the State, but in reality anyone can maintain a registry as long as it is kept handy, fast-responding, reliable and effective. If this registry sits well with everyone, no State is needed to register and transfer the property. Digital property has some advantages over real property in a common sense: no taxes and restrictions, small fees, transparency (open source code), it can be programmed and exist in and of itself without an assignment to any particular device and no third parties control the items of digital property.\n\n# The Digital Signature\n![Digital Signature.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmYcyEGo1SxL23oSKPrFvk1ffRYD751oo6LF6pupYC9LFT/Digital%20Signature.png)\n_Image via Shuttershock_\n\nThis process begins when you make a secret number that becomes your password key. Then you generate a public key out of that using an algorithm. No one should know your private key, but the public key can be sent to anyone because deriving a private key out of a public key is not possible (and rather economically non viable). The public key is an account identifier on which people transfer items of property. When you derive a public key out a private key, you can tell it to anyone. Digital signature generates a unique identification number for each transaction, which is always unique and makes it easy to verify whether you are the private key owner. Digital signature does not require any third party to prove the ownership of the signature, unlike the so called “digital crypto signature” seen on some governmental websites. Blockchain technology allows each individual the ability to maintain property without middlemen. Truly understanding how the digital signature functions will prevent you from ever being swindled. \n\nIt is also important to note that Blockchain has many different meanings and you should understand exactly what you are saying when you talk about it. Blockchain can mean a technology; roughly 35 various blockchain technologies currently exist. It is also a database with equal peers and no central manager. Blockchain is a trust protocol that allows the transfer of items of digital property from A to B with no mediation or necessity for A to know B. It can also be a piece of independently working code, or a P2P network where the peers communicate with each other.\n\n# The Most Interesting Things in Blockchain\nSmart Contracts\nA piece of code you transfer money to, where it is predetermined what these values will go through and the contract controls the fulfillment of the provisions.\n\nStandalone devices\nRobots can act on their own.\n\nProgrammable corporations\nThese are represented as code, hire people for operations they cannot yet do and programmed via economical incentive systems.\n\n# Mining\n![Mining.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmScBKDATiqcseXEPAnQ8vWE7s2ukUK53KAtr2wA3ZwisH/Mining.jpg)\n_Image via Shuttershock_\n\nThe concept of mining started when Satoshi devised the Proof-of-Work protocol based on the SHA-256 standard. Today there are lots of algorithms that allow you to prove something has happened, and likewise you can be rewarded for this. Mining is when the network can automatically verify a job has been completed and issue a reward. The world is transitioning to a point where any user’s action can be programmed, verified and the network subsequently issues a reward. Sathoshi ingeniously created this system that verifies, motivates and pays a reward. Blockchain, in short, is one of the world’s technologies that creates a living, virtual-reality.\n\nFor more information please contact: **[email protected]**",
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      "author": "cyberfund",
      "permlink": "cybersearch-the-blockchain-browser",
      "title": "CyberSearch: The Blockchain Browser",
      "body": "**Cyber•Fund** is introducing a series of publications that provide an overview of some of the best speaker topics we’ve hosted at our [meetups](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLPWnfK03kxEDVJj4aPCdLDo--blBNm3iN). **Valery Litvin** — [cyber•Fund’s](https://github.com/cyberFund) CTO — unveiled the blockchain browser at **cyber•Fund’s** [Blockchain Fairytales](http://blockchainfairytales.cyber.fund/) conference in Minsk, Belarus. In his opinion “[cyber•Search](https://github.com/cyberFund/cyber-search)  will serve to further develop blockchain infrastructure by creating a single registry for all registries that exist.”\n\n# Hard and Soft Problems\nIn the blockchain field there are two classifications of problems: hard and soft. Vitalik Buterin first defined hard problems as economic finality, parallelism, speed and decentralization/ cost privacy. At [cyber•Fund](https://github.com/cyberFund), the development team began to consider the whole blockchain industry and the applications ecosystem working with it. As a result they have defined a set of soft problems; another class of tasks related to search, analytics, accounting and interaction. The **cyber•Search** team works on the development of blockchain infrastructure and addressing the specific soft problem of search.\n\n![hard.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmQKs8Wex4CNiKy1nEJggg359PSpbS1yp81GgDrmj678j2/hard.png)\n\nHere is a quick breakdown of the components of soft problems:\n\nSearch\n* Across blockchains\n* Across smart contracts\n* Blockchain Indexing\n\nAnalytics\n* Blockchain specific\n* Centralized and decentralized cryptocurrency markets\n\nAccounting\n* Tokens and portfolio accounting\n* Performance accounting\n* Fund tools\n\nInteraction\n* Among Blockchains\n\nNote that interaction is the least salient problem, but that does not mean it is any less important. The soft problem of interaction can be combated by having a lot of different tokens, in which case you encounter the lack of ability to work with all of them concurrently. Multi-currency wallets currently exist, but there is no open source code software for these wallets.\n\n# Problem Solving\nIn order to solve these problems we first need to focus on search tools and the indexation of blockchains. At this particular moment the **cyber•Search** team is developing the blockchain browser that already works with four blockchain networks and can index blocks, transactions, addresses, balances and mempool.\n\n![bitcoin.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmVxP6AqKsDVetDu6B6FJ7usUpvYuEdjyJHHLzX2uumrgx/bitcoin.png)\n\nThe [blockchain browser](https://github.com/cyberFund/cyber-search) was already released, but there is still a lot of work to do. The team is working with documentation so that every developer can add indexing of any blockchain.\n\nTheir work priorities:\n\n![priorities.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmZ2XDpkudG1mvFTjdWYg7knAscZZwmx97THvPac6657R9/priorities.png)\n\nThey are also focusing on centralized and decentralized cryptocurrency markets. They currently work with five centralized exchanges and one **DEX**. The team plans to create an open source tool that allows the aggregation of data from every exchange in order to receive trades, order books, count tickets and make this information public. The unique feature of this open source tool will be the implementation of its’ **combined order book**.\n\n![trades.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmbs4GZycCHc1uRDPhQFDTuqYf6fhKPjNfcBzLQvpx7xCz/trades.png)\n\n# Stack and [Chaingear](https://github.com/cyberFund/chaingear)\nHere is a list of what their stack includes:\n\n**JVM (Kotlin)\nKafka\nElasticSearch\nCassandra\nNginx/ Docker\nKubernetes**\n\nThey have dubbed their stack as [cybernode](https://github.com/cyberFund/cybernode), and furthermore everyone can use it as SDK, Backend and Infrastructure.\n\nChaingear is **cyber•Fund’s** first analysis product that includes meta information about all blockchains, tokens and crypto-projects combined by common methodology. They plan to transform [Chaingear](https://github.com/cyberFund/chaingear) and move it to Ethereum smart contracts in order to develop an open sourced registry of registries under the MIT license.\n\n![registry.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmZTwSMDdvZeEAaRMbMmNxURGnkkFhJFSEnSCFygjYAQuD/registry.png)\n\nBy far, the most exciting project that the **cyber•Search** team has in the works is the creation of a decentralized Google search engine. You might wonder how they possibly produce a better Google, or what a better Google would even look like:\n\n![google.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmbDWk6498UVDdoXWfZ41A2KNEk93LEr3MKoi9tfR4Rw3D/google.png)\n\nCheck out all of **cyber•Fund's** open source solutions [here](https://github.com/cyberFund).\n\nFor information please contact: **[email protected]**",
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