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      "author": "steemitboard",
      "permlink": "steemitboard-notify-cryptocuties-20200215t185551000z",
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      "body": "Congratulations @cryptocuties! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@cryptocuties/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@cryptocuties) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=cryptocuties)_</sub>\n\n\n**Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:**\n<table><tr><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/valentine-s-day-challenge-give-a-badge-to-your-beloved\"><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/64x128/http://i.cubeupload.com/LvDzr5.png\"></a></td><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/valentine-s-day-challenge-give-a-badge-to-your-beloved\">Valentine's day challenge - Give a badge to your beloved!</a></td></tr></table>\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
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      "title": "Week 3: Hacker History",
      "body": "This week we decided to take a step back to look more at the foundations of crypto-movements. We read a few chapters from *Coding Freedom: The Ethics and Aesthetics of Hacking* by Gabriella Coleman. This book is an ethnography on Hackers done over the course of a few years of intense field work. I appreciated reading something that is a little more attuned to the humanities-lover in me. We read the introduction and the first two chapters which covers the basic history of open source software, the complex networks of hacker culture, and globalization of intellectual property law. It’s also worthy to note that just as the F/OSS the text investigates, the book is also creative commons licensed, such that it is free and available online. \n\n**Book Review**\n\nI enjoyed reading Coleman’s personal experiences and perceptions of the Hacker world. She discusses the common origin stories of the people she interviewed. Stories of dismantling appliances and memorizing manuals seem all too common. She discusses this ability to “misuse” almost anything to promote a sense of heightened individual expression that extends past liberalist ideals. This expression is performed not through consumption, but rather through production. \n\nHere we move into ethics of the hacker world. Coleman grapples with the tensions between free speech and source code. Some argue that source code is text that should be categorized as free speech. Hackers work against driving anything to become property of ownership, instead labor intensively, finding joy through flow and self-direction, to benefit the collective, rather than the self. \n\nIn Chapter 1, Coleman charts the typical life history of a hacker, tracing paths of childhood curiosities, teenage fascination with conspiracy, vigorous passion for understanding computing systems, applying skills to gaming, and eventually, acquiring softwares and forging communities and meetups. Here I am reminded of my personal curiosity as a kid listening to my mom’s dial-up AOL account, mesmerized by this infamous running man:\n\n![AOL](https://steemitimages.com/DQmWjM6mwB4yYeB2cFoQo4jc18ojXVxRwRKwNFdzyADpy9H/fb-share.png)\n\n\nWhile I never fell into the early rabbit holes of BBS or messing around with Unix systems, in reading this book I felt a sense of camaraderie with the people Coleman was interviewing. This kind of universal, intercollective pursuit is very much still here and thriving. We see communication systems like BBS graduate into platforms like Steem where ideas and media are shared and improved upon. \n\n![BBS](https://steemitimages.com/DQmPc8PRDRGitpAcT2D5TLsNLJ9TzQdxPzTgwxX88RV6UvK/ChYzMUcWkAIiWjT.jpg)\n\nColeman discusses how crucial interactivity has been in the history of software development. Here, a democracy in reporting bugs, critiquing, improving, and growing programs is established. She closes this chapter illustrating the heart of hacker culture--the conference. Here, again, I’m thinking of Steemfest (an event that I’ve not attended but have read about from others on steemit). Coleman argues that no one is a “guest” at these events, instead, everyone acts equally as a participant there to “collectively enact, make visible, and subsequently celebrate many elements of their quotidian technological lifeworld.” (28)\n\n\n\nFinally, Coleman moves into the long and messy history of copyright laws. Here she historically grounds the commodification of software in the 1970s-80s; soon after, intellectual property laws boosted the state of profitability for software companies. She describes F/OSS as “crucial nodes in a more democratic informational economy.” (63) Nodes?! Democratic informational economy?! Sounds pretty damn familiar to the work that’s being done now with the blockchain. \n\nNext week we’ll look more into divergent movements like the cypherpunks and the ways that would eventually feed into the crypto-revolution. \n\n**Lecture Review**\n\nLydia and I also attended a lecture this week titled “Blockchain Basics Workshop.” I’ll write briefly on some takeaways from that talk. The woman presenting used some great interactive exercises to visualize the blockchain--here’s a pic of lydia and other students lined up to form their own blockchain\n\n![lydiablockchain](https://steemitimages.com/DQmToktzc44feAcu8apRV3pUSQooaYjsq19HmYmUffgEP9G/IMG_5053.JPG)\n\nThe second part of the lecture took a bizarre turn to a very specific application of blockchain technology. The presenter discussed companies using blockchain as a system of ethical accountability. She discussed a company called [Brilliant Earth](https://www.brilliantearth.com/) that uses the blockchain to track their diamonds. I got a little lost here as to how this can really ensure ethical practices. Couldn’t the company just lie? So many of these companies are internally audited. Here's a screenshot from their website:  \n\n![brilliantearth](https://steemitimages.com/DQmZMnDHRfmZ6qfkqn1CZ4TDHRMJ33teapbs4JzmLr5W9PQ/Screen%20Shot%202018-03-15%20at%201.45.03%20PM.png)\n\nI think ledger technology is super great for manufacturing in general as a way to keep track of parts and production but I’m not sure I follow the argument that it can bring some kind of ethical transparency to the marketplace. She cited companies like Nestle and Walmart that are turning towards it which really made me scratch my head in relation to ethical practices. It just seems shady to me. I’m curious to know if any of you out there have thoughts on this. Let us know in the comments! \n\nAll for this week. If you are curious to origins of this project and the @cryptocuties check out our intro video [here](https://steemit.com/girls/@cryptocuties/b0ulms44)",
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      "body": "I can't wait until you two get to Steem, and EOS! :)",
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      "body": ">**the chain is the ledger, the block is the page on the ledger, and the transaction is the line on the page.** So, there are individual transactions in the block, and the entire block is the currency, like bitcoin.\n\nThe bolded text is a great analogy, it just falls apart a bit at the end where the \"currency\" is conflated with the \"entire block\".\n\nLet's leave aside the currency debate for a moment, e.g. is it a commodity, digital asset, currency, token? etc.  I'll call them tokens for the moment.\n\nThe emission of tokens is governed by rules written in code on the blockchain, so for instance in Bitcoin, miners earn \"block rewards\" in BTC  for successfully mining a block, but the \"entire block\" isn't the currency.  By entire block I presume you mean something like a block that has been included in the blockchain and has enough confirmations from the network to be considered valid.  A confirmed block, or a block that is considered 'valid', or 'final', is indeed a new page in the ledger.  The tokens which are emitted to reward this block production exist as an entry or entries on the ledger as well.  \n\nSo, person X gets Z reward for producing block Y.  In Bitcoin the block reward is either mined by an individual, very rare, or it is mined by the collective efforts of a mining pool, usual.  When a block reward is mined by a pool, the rewards are distributed to those proportional to how much they helped to mine the block / win the lottery.\n\nOn Steem, we have dispensed with the mining / lottery method, as it is too inefficient to scale to 100k+ transactions per second, and instead the blockchain is maintained by witnesses, who earn some portion of the total STEEM emitted for their efforts to maintain the network, and content creators share the rest of the block rewards.\n\nSo, while both BTC and STEEM pay block rewards to those who maintain the blockchain, and the first ledger entry of these block rewards are recorded in the relevant block, the block is not the rewards.  The tokens are 'moveable' simply by updating the ledger, but the block remains, unalterable, non-moving, forever.",
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      "body": "Great blockchain intro! Sorry I missed this during voting... Y'all, please ping me whenever you post so I don't miss the chance to promote what you're doing.  Anyway, wonderful work so far, keep it up! :)  Cheers, b",
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      "body": "<html>\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;In the last couple weeks, Eva and I have been spending more time investigating the blockchain, both through literature and an interview with a Wellesley faculty member. We read <em>Ethereum: Blockchains, Digital Assets, Smart Contracts, Decentralized Autonomous Organizations</em> by Henning Diedrich (Wildfire Publishing 2015). This book was recommended many times over when researching literature to introduce us to crypto concepts. The audience of the book is supposed to be non-technical-minded learners. In my post I am going to discuss and evaluate how Diedrich explains Ethereum and blockchain technology, as well as introduce Eva and my discussion with Christine Bassem, a professor of computer science at Wellesley. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/31FiRMvGVnL.jpg\" height=\"350\"/></p>\n<p><strong>Ethereum</strong> &nbsp;Diedrich’s entire explanation of Ethereum is vague and in relation to Bitcoin. I found this frustrating: &nbsp;</p>\n<ul>\n  <li>because recommenders described this as a great introduction to blockchain technology, and if you don't know about Bitcoin, how will you understand Ethereum? and<br>\n&nbsp;</li>\n  <li>Ethereum clearly has value that is separate from Bitcoin and while the two are obviously related and discussed together a lot, there is inherent value in different cryptocurrencies, therefore Ethereum should be discussed on its own and not in relation to other blockchains.<br>\n&nbsp;</li>\n</ul>\n<p>It makes no sense to me to describe an unfamiliar concept in relation to another potentially unfamiliar concept. Ethereum as a blockchain, Diedrich describes, is for more general use than just payment (Ether is hosted on Ethereum). Immediately it’s clear from reading this how much has changed in the last three years when Diedrich writes that Ethereum has the fastest transaction speed (it’s closer to tenth fastest as of January 14, 2018). &nbsp; <br>\n</p>\n<p><strong>Blockchain</strong> &nbsp;Diedrich writes that there is no agreed-upon definition of <em>blockchain</em>. Instead of defining it he lists a ton of characteristics of blockchains. While I understand that people can have different definitions of the same thing, I find it a cop-out to not include a definition; it really seems like he doesn’t know what he’s talking about. That said, lots of descriptions of the blockchain are characteristic-based and not definition-based. Eva started to explain blockchains in week 1’s blog. &nbsp;<br>\n —</p>\n<p><strong>Takeaways from discussion with Professor Bassem, next steps</strong> <br>\n In contrast to our lackluster experience with Diedrich’s book, Eva and I met with with Computer Science Professor Christine Bassem last Friday to discuss her interest in blockchain technology and Bitcoin. While her formal research interests do not include cryptocurrency, they do include distributed computing and distributed systems. She did a better job of explaining blockchain through a metaphor compared to a money in/money out ledger. She said: the chain is the ledger, the block is the page on the ledger, and the transaction is the line on the page. So, there are individual transactions in the block, and the entire block is the currency, like bitcoin. Professor Bassem also helped us start to understand mining, which we will be studying soon. &nbsp;</p>\n</html>",
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      "body": "<center><a href='https://d.tube/#!/v/cryptocuties/b0ulms44'><img src='https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmSB89pP2BdBnGR1w84dxXywuUefgthipUbW81v4cKwELn'></a></center><hr>\n\nHey Steemit!\n\n We are Eva (@glamdoll) and Lydia, the Cryptocuties!!! We're two students at Wellesley College doing an independent study about cryptocurrency. This video launches our semester long blog that will follow our journey of learning about cryptocurrency and blockchain technology. We traversed campus to ask our classmates what they knew about crypto. \n\nDo they know anything? Do we know anything (yet)? Watch and see. \n\nLook out for more posts soon!\n\n<hr><a href='https://d.tube/#!/v/cryptocuties/b0ulms44'> ▶️ DTube</a><br /><a href='https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmPPoVBi7EYPeLUaZvYw7vZZYKjNJ9nfDBwiVfjuLQjb2k'> ▶️ IPFS</a>",
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      "body": "<center><a href='https://d.tube/#!/v/cryptocuties/b0ulms44'><img src='https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmSB89pP2BdBnGR1w84dxXywuUefgthipUbW81v4cKwELn'></a></center><hr>\n\nHey Steemit!\n\n We are Eva (@glamdoll) and Lydia, the Cryptocuties!!! We're two students at Wellesley College doing an independent study about cryptocurrency. This video launches our semester long blog that will follow our journey of learning about cryptocurrency and blockchain technology. We traversed campus to ask our classmates what they knew about crypto. \n\nDo they know anything? Do we know anything (yet)? Watch and see. \n\nLook out for more posts soon!\n\n<hr><a href='https://d.tube/#!/v/cryptocuties/b0ulms44'> ▶️ DTube</a><br /><a href='https://ipfs.io/ipfs/QmPPoVBi7EYPeLUaZvYw7vZZYKjNJ9nfDBwiVfjuLQjb2k'> ▶️ IPFS</a>",
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      "body": "ah so good to see you here @mbbarr :) hope all is well out there.",
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      "body": "super sweet video.  cuties have been unleashed. thumbs up !",
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      "body": "So true! Hopefully we can grasp some of the basics even with such rapid change. Thanks for watching!",
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      "author": "cryptocuties",
      "permlink": "week-1-grappling-with-the-blockchain",
      "title": "Week 1: Grappling with the Blockchain",
      "body": "To launch our semester-long study of blockchain applications, it only made sense to begin with a very basic overview of the blockchain. When I was first introduced to the blockchain four years ago I could not even begin to conceptualize what this “open ledger technology” looked like and I definitely could not grasp the very real and very exciting implications of this technology. Lydia and I came across *Blockchain Basics: A Non-Technical Introduction in 25 Steps* by Daniel Drescher that was published in 2017 and decided to crack it open and get started. This book was fairly simple to obtain through our college library loan system but it is also widely available as an ebook. [More info here](http://www.blockchain-basics.com/)\n\n![51BaGHVPe5L._SX328_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmZT1y1ecYhaHaBa3RufBKtyQW87EMhXvoyAXEQbcPusSP/51BaGHVPe5L._SX328_BO1%2C204%2C203%2C200_.jpg)\n\nI have never taken any computer science classes and the technical aspect has been the most difficult for me to grasp. Drescher presents the information through very digestible non-technical language and metaphors. Despite a few gaps, it’s a quick and clean read that I would highly recommend!\n\nIn this post I’ll very concisely lay out some key concepts that Drescher presented in *Blockchain Basics* as well as present a few points I want to further explore over the next few weeks. Feel free to comment your own questions or thoughts—no better way to learn a peer-to-peer system than hearing from our peers!\n\n**Centralized vs. Distributed Systems**\n\n![Screen Shot 2018-03-01 at 11.05.49 AM.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmak27rNKh23R2J5ChyUG3oAZY1UcfodYfyFjo52pmhbBn/Screen%20Shot%202018-03-01%20at%2011.05.49%20AM.png)\n* The Blockchain moves away from centralized systems, instead creating a network of distributed power.\n* Blockchain systems are composed of “nodes”\n* Each node is a single source of computing, bandwidth, and storage power that is connected to other nodes in the network to collectively build and strengthen a network\n* There are “hybrid” options that form distributed networks composed of more centralized node clusters\n\n**Advantages of Distributed Systems:**\n* Higher computing power\n* Cost reduction\n* Higher reliability\n* Natural ability to grow\n\n**Disadvantages of Distributed Systems**\n* Coordination overhead\n* Communication overhead\n* Dependency on networks\n* Security issues\n* Program complexity\n\n**Provisional Definition**\nDrescher comes to define the blockchain as:\n\n>A purely distributed peer-to-peer system of ledgers that utilizes a software unit that consist of an algorithm, which negotiates the informational content of ordered and connected blocks of data together with cryptographic and security technologies in order to achieve and maintain its integrity  (35)\n\n\n**The Peer-To-Peer System**\nDrescher explains “peer-to-peer” using the music sharing program Napster as an example of disintermediation in the music industry. \n\n![Screen Shot 2018-03-01 at 11.06.01 AM.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmNe3WidMj2Bajie3u78b6kA28Cm5AeKhgNZYB19txeFTf/Screen%20Shot%202018-03-01%20at%2011.06.01%20AM.png)\nIn the case of Napster, audio files are uploaded, stored, and shared on a peer-to-peer network rather than being distributed solely from singular intermediaries. This concept can be applied beyond the music industry to explain much more vast network functionality of the blockchain.  This metaphor struck me a little off because I think Napster is somewhat centralized...which is what lead to its eminent downfall. \n\n\n**Trust in the Decentralized System**\nDrescher continuously stresses the crucial undercurrent of trust necessary to successfully functioning blockchain systems. Two of the most important functions the blockchain serves exist paradoxically: privacy and transparency. Navigating having both at once requires delicacy, technical security measures, and network trust. \n\n**Limitations of Blockchain Technology**\n* Technical limitations such as transaction times, security issues, etc.\n* Legal acceptance\n* User acceptance\n* Hidden centrality\n\nTechnical limitations are personally, the least of my worries. Just in the time since this book was published a few months ago, we’ve already seen huge strides in improving transaction times and security. Time will only bring more improvements. The other three points get to the core of my biggest concerns of implementation of blockchain tech. We’re already starting to see legislation formed to handle taxation issues and we’re seeing major banks tack on huge fees or refuse to process transactions on sites such as coinbase. User acceptance, or alternatively, *user accessibility* is what kept me at an arms length from crypto for so long. Understanding the nuances behind cryptocurrency and blockchain based applications is overwhelming and intimidating for people with non-technical backgrounds. Finally, hidden centrality is something we see right here on Steemit. The disparity between minnows and whales is significant and reflects greater issues with hidden groups of people with overwhelming power and influence in this system. \n\n\n**The Future of the Blockchain**\nDrescher and countless others affirm the vast possibilities for the future of blockchain tech. The applications are seemingly endless. I won’t go too much into what that might look like because this is one our main interests in this semester-long study and you will surely hear more from us on this point. But for now...all signs point to a blockchain takeover as we know it. \n\nAll for now! For more info on our project check out our intro video [here](https://d.tube/#!/v/cryptocuties/b0ulms44)",
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      "body": "Can't wait to see where the semester goes!",
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      "body": "I have been in the space for maybe one year now and what i can tell you is that you never gonna learn all cuz every day there is a new project added to the mix. But still we dont need to know about them all just the ones that has potential and steem is one off them :D \n\nGood luck to you and keep on steeming",
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