Ecoer Logo

@crypto.series

25

A mathematician, economists and psychologist trying to explain what is going on in crypto and financial world

steemit.com/@crypto.series
VOTING POWER100.00%
DOWNVOTE POWER100.00%
RESOURCE CREDITS100.00%
REPUTATION PROGRESS0.00%
Net Worth
0.007USD
STEEM
0.000STEEM
SBD
0.000SBD
Effective Power
5.001SP
├── Own SP
0.125SP
└── Incoming Deleg
+4.876SP

Detailed Balance

STEEM
balance
0.000STEEM
market_balance
0.000STEEM
savings_balance
0.000STEEM
reward_steem_balance
0.000STEEM
STEEM POWER
Own SP
0.125SP
Delegated Out
0.000SP
Delegation In
4.876SP
Effective Power
5.001SP
Reward SP (pending)
0.017SP
SBD
sbd_balance
0.000SBD
sbd_conversions
0.000SBD
sbd_market_balance
0.000SBD
savings_sbd_balance
0.000SBD
reward_sbd_balance
0.000SBD
{
  "balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "vesting_shares": "203.762445 VESTS",
  "delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "received_vesting_shares": "7939.897361 VESTS",
  "sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "conversions": []
}

Account Info

namecrypto.series
id946566
rank345,059
reputation174193007
created2018-04-20T11:27:15
recovery_accountsteem
proxyNone
post_count2
comment_count0
lifetime_vote_count0
witnesses_voted_for0
last_post2018-04-27T07:04:09
last_root_post2018-04-26T23:38:12
last_vote_time2018-04-27T15:35:12
proxied_vsf_votes0, 0, 0, 0
can_vote1
voting_power0
delayed_votes0
balance0.000 STEEM
savings_balance0.000 STEEM
sbd_balance0.000 SBD
savings_sbd_balance0.000 SBD
vesting_shares203.762445 VESTS
delegated_vesting_shares0.000000 VESTS
received_vesting_shares7939.897361 VESTS
reward_vesting_balance34.615619 VESTS
vesting_balance0.000 STEEM
vesting_withdraw_rate0.000000 VESTS
next_vesting_withdrawal1969-12-31T23:59:59
withdrawn0
to_withdraw0
withdraw_routes0
savings_withdraw_requests0
last_account_recovery1970-01-01T00:00:00
reset_accountnull
last_owner_update1970-01-01T00:00:00
last_account_update2018-04-26T15:12:15
minedNo
sbd_seconds0
sbd_last_interest_payment1970-01-01T00:00:00
savings_sbd_last_interest_payment1970-01-01T00:00:00
{
  "id": 946566,
  "name": "crypto.series",
  "owner": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM7611yYYSL5x6inuD8pfDBMoe24uFNoaNx1YuC34Ktx9jwopjXc",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "active": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM8TnBuyrvBa78B3bd3jYmybYKcJUWiTLETBFnR4wBzmPi8e2vRa",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "posting": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM6uiKaQhNADiM5tLuygqLnZmDe5F4D7cwbZ4zn3k8pNogP2NvJZ",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "memo_key": "STM8VcDkDT4fjUXWkPqVMDR2qXowztCwuQwVnuvNWhTQKdaAXvgEP",
  "json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"name\":\"Crypto Series\",\"about\":\"A mathematician, economists and psychologist trying to explain what is going on in crypto and financial world\",\"cover_image\":\"https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTXd1j9Tw68JEpRf_UPe0hIHPnviwfPapH0zAov4GgqB8kcmpsw1A\",\"profile_image\":\"http://opcjenaakcje.pl/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/gruby-ogon.png\"}}",
  "posting_json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"name\":\"Crypto Series\",\"about\":\"A mathematician, economists and psychologist trying to explain what is going on in crypto and financial world\",\"cover_image\":\"https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTXd1j9Tw68JEpRf_UPe0hIHPnviwfPapH0zAov4GgqB8kcmpsw1A\",\"profile_image\":\"http://opcjenaakcje.pl/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/gruby-ogon.png\"}}",
  "proxy": "",
  "last_owner_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "last_account_update": "2018-04-26T15:12:15",
  "created": "2018-04-20T11:27:15",
  "mined": false,
  "recovery_account": "steem",
  "last_account_recovery": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "reset_account": "null",
  "comment_count": 0,
  "lifetime_vote_count": 0,
  "post_count": 2,
  "can_vote": true,
  "voting_manabar": {
    "current_mana": "8143659806",
    "last_update_time": 1779058704
  },
  "downvote_manabar": {
    "current_mana": 2035914951,
    "last_update_time": 1779058704
  },
  "voting_power": 0,
  "balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "sbd_seconds": "0",
  "sbd_seconds_last_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "savings_sbd_seconds": "0",
  "savings_sbd_seconds_last_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_withdraw_requests": 0,
  "reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reward_vesting_balance": "34.615619 VESTS",
  "reward_vesting_steem": "0.017 STEEM",
  "vesting_shares": "203.762445 VESTS",
  "delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "received_vesting_shares": "7939.897361 VESTS",
  "vesting_withdraw_rate": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "next_vesting_withdrawal": "1969-12-31T23:59:59",
  "withdrawn": 0,
  "to_withdraw": 0,
  "withdraw_routes": 0,
  "curation_rewards": 0,
  "posting_rewards": 17,
  "proxied_vsf_votes": [
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0
  ],
  "witnesses_voted_for": 0,
  "last_post": "2018-04-27T07:04:09",
  "last_root_post": "2018-04-26T23:38:12",
  "last_vote_time": "2018-04-27T15:35:12",
  "post_bandwidth": 0,
  "pending_claimed_accounts": 0,
  "vesting_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reputation": 174193007,
  "transfer_history": [],
  "market_history": [],
  "post_history": [],
  "vote_history": [],
  "other_history": [],
  "witness_votes": [],
  "tags_usage": [],
  "guest_bloggers": [],
  "rank": 345059
}

Withdraw Routes

IncomingOutgoing
Empty
Empty
{
  "incoming": [],
  "outgoing": []
}
From Date
To Date
steemdelegated 4.876 SP to @crypto.series
2026/05/17 22:58:24
delegatorsteem
delegateecrypto.series
vesting shares7939.897361 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #106141920/Trx 2f4262e37f4e7c38b8510fcdaa21d32744d04f06
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "2f4262e37f4e7c38b8510fcdaa21d32744d04f06",
  "block": 106141920,
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-05-17T22:58:24",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "crypto.series",
      "vesting_shares": "7939.897361 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 3.210 SP to @crypto.series
2026/05/11 22:45:12
delegatorsteem
delegateecrypto.series
vesting shares5227.686956 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #105969619/Trx 31b12f9e385ed52c06f2c73f94c6f6b2a1be4c32
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "31b12f9e385ed52c06f2c73f94c6f6b2a1be4c32",
  "block": 105969619,
  "trx_in_block": 5,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-05-11T22:45:12",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "crypto.series",
      "vesting_shares": "5227.686956 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 4.884 SP to @crypto.series
2026/04/25 22:21:21
delegatorsteem
delegateecrypto.series
vesting shares7952.413117 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #105509607/Trx df5e389dec32c65e5ea4639a8ba981959565ce10
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "df5e389dec32c65e5ea4639a8ba981959565ce10",
  "block": 105509607,
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-04-25T22:21:21",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "crypto.series",
      "vesting_shares": "7952.413117 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 3.236 SP to @crypto.series
2026/01/23 04:25:06
delegatorsteem
delegateecrypto.series
vesting shares5269.233775 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #102847758/Trx ae6df0577a54b7072d6dfc73b01268350ac3944e
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "ae6df0577a54b7072d6dfc73b01268350ac3944e",
  "block": 102847758,
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-01-23T04:25:06",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "crypto.series",
      "vesting_shares": "5269.233775 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 3.337 SP to @crypto.series
2024/12/16 23:44:09
delegatorsteem
delegateecrypto.series
vesting shares5433.452972 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #91294163/Trx 5459f941d5a5e3e6da777457e1bf27cb72b51f91
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "5459f941d5a5e3e6da777457e1bf27cb72b51f91",
  "block": 91294163,
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2024-12-16T23:44:09",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "crypto.series",
      "vesting_shares": "5433.452972 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 3.441 SP to @crypto.series
2023/11/13 15:28:36
delegatorsteem
delegateecrypto.series
vesting shares5602.586504 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #79848408/Trx 992787037788167d4bbeb9d0c1f15ed491cde344
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "992787037788167d4bbeb9d0c1f15ed491cde344",
  "block": 79848408,
  "trx_in_block": 3,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2023-11-13T15:28:36",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "crypto.series",
      "vesting_shares": "5602.586504 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 5.244 SP to @crypto.series
2023/09/21 20:20:24
delegatorsteem
delegateecrypto.series
vesting shares8539.865290 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #78346049/Trx d21cca2f3cb20ab4bb729b2ddf46b6dfb396c2bd
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "d21cca2f3cb20ab4bb729b2ddf46b6dfb396c2bd",
  "block": 78346049,
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2023-09-21T20:20:24",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "crypto.series",
      "vesting_shares": "8539.865290 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 5.380 SP to @crypto.series
2022/11/03 10:18:39
delegatorsteem
delegateecrypto.series
vesting shares8761.546728 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #69111600/Trx 6bf62dc7a039f6a3da87c0c3e0a83d22af21e5b0
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "6bf62dc7a039f6a3da87c0c3e0a83d22af21e5b0",
  "block": 69111600,
  "trx_in_block": 5,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2022-11-03T10:18:39",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "crypto.series",
      "vesting_shares": "8761.546728 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 5.516 SP to @crypto.series
2022/01/17 09:41:21
delegatorsteem
delegateecrypto.series
vesting shares8982.079959 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #60807901/Trx cb6c5b3109435eafd3a94972981743b2ec40fab6
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "cb6c5b3109435eafd3a94972981743b2ec40fab6",
  "block": 60807901,
  "trx_in_block": 10,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2022-01-17T09:41:21",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "crypto.series",
      "vesting_shares": "8982.079959 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 5.629 SP to @crypto.series
2021/06/13 23:39:27
delegatorsteem
delegateecrypto.series
vesting shares9165.848617 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #54606350/Trx 4b969c3fdb13250c78b9b6bd89d15f3ff3a53d4e
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "4b969c3fdb13250c78b9b6bd89d15f3ff3a53d4e",
  "block": 54606350,
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2021-06-13T23:39:27",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "crypto.series",
      "vesting_shares": "9165.848617 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 5.744 SP to @crypto.series
2020/12/11 10:00:06
delegatorsteem
delegateecrypto.series
vesting shares9353.270591 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #49353856/Trx ae2023a748b7e1256a11fd6c4efe471701ceb8e3
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "ae2023a748b7e1256a11fd6c4efe471701ceb8e3",
  "block": 49353856,
  "trx_in_block": 6,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-12-11T10:00:06",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "crypto.series",
      "vesting_shares": "9353.270591 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 1.174 SP to @crypto.series
2020/12/06 03:37:15
delegatorsteem
delegateecrypto.series
vesting shares1912.543513 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #49205420/Trx 7c847613d36aadb6b65071d2eddc0fd678593bc5
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "7c847613d36aadb6b65071d2eddc0fd678593bc5",
  "block": 49205420,
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-12-06T03:37:15",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "crypto.series",
      "vesting_shares": "1912.543513 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 5.748 SP to @crypto.series
2020/12/05 11:34:30
delegatorsteem
delegateecrypto.series
vesting shares9359.637230 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #49186529/Trx 8c81a40c632b1252300c2cd4c97cd742850813bf
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "8c81a40c632b1252300c2cd4c97cd742850813bf",
  "block": 49186529,
  "trx_in_block": 3,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-12-05T11:34:30",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "crypto.series",
      "vesting_shares": "9359.637230 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 1.179 SP to @crypto.series
2020/11/02 13:08:36
delegatorsteem
delegateecrypto.series
vesting shares1920.017158 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #48254866/Trx ad7c30774b85ac35df6cb424d67589773e8fd318
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "ad7c30774b85ac35df6cb424d67589773e8fd318",
  "block": 48254866,
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-11-02T13:08:36",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "crypto.series",
      "vesting_shares": "1920.017158 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 5.872 SP to @crypto.series
2020/05/09 04:33:30
delegatorsteem
delegateecrypto.series
vesting shares9562.283804 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #43215655/Trx 653c9ac22366e7643dd5ce5b36ce1d9aacf13af0
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "653c9ac22366e7643dd5ce5b36ce1d9aacf13af0",
  "block": 43215655,
  "trx_in_block": 4,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-09T04:33:30",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "crypto.series",
      "vesting_shares": "9562.283804 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 1.200 SP to @crypto.series
2020/05/08 07:59:24
delegatorsteem
delegateecrypto.series
vesting shares1953.311140 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #43191548/Trx e408dfca0e85eda11345cfeedcac93367184bbe4
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "e408dfca0e85eda11345cfeedcac93367184bbe4",
  "block": 43191548,
  "trx_in_block": 29,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-08T07:59:24",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "crypto.series",
      "vesting_shares": "1953.311140 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 5.976 SP to @crypto.series
2019/07/20 00:10:57
delegatorsteem
delegateecrypto.series
vesting shares9730.969577 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #34812670/Trx a107ea4f3abce634bd7c9fa480e65fa99792563b
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "a107ea4f3abce634bd7c9fa480e65fa99792563b",
  "block": 34812670,
  "trx_in_block": 13,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2019-07-20T00:10:57",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "crypto.series",
      "vesting_shares": "9730.969577 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
2019/04/20 11:56:00
parent authorcrypto.series
parent permlinkmoral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not
authorsteemitboard
permlinksteemitboard-notify-cryptoseries-20190420t115559000z
title
bodyCongratulations @crypto.series! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@crypto.series/birthday1.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 1 year!</td></tr></table> <sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@crypto.series) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](http://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=crypto.series)_</sub> ###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!
json metadata{"image":["https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png"]}
Transaction InfoBlock #32208658/Trx 4a51bd829eb80d52c33a01dcc9937f7d75a2c322
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "4a51bd829eb80d52c33a01dcc9937f7d75a2c322",
  "block": 32208658,
  "trx_in_block": 7,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2019-04-20T11:56:00",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "crypto.series",
      "parent_permlink": "moral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not",
      "author": "steemitboard",
      "permlink": "steemitboard-notify-cryptoseries-20190420t115559000z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Congratulations @crypto.series! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@crypto.series/birthday1.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 1 year!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@crypto.series) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](http://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=crypto.series)_</sub>\n\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
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steemdelegated 6.098 SP to @crypto.series
2018/08/01 10:14:51
delegatorsteem
delegateecrypto.series
vesting shares9929.704003 VESTS
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2018/05/29 22:21:24
parent authorcrypto.series
parent permlinkre-harpooninvestor-re-cryptoseries-moral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not-20180427t070404990z
authorharpooninvestor
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title
bodyNo, while you wrote a proper article-- no beef with that-- we think the content is irrelevant. To believe in all this Financial Who-sis-What-sis Stuff, you have to ALSO believe you have a fix which will prevent financial fraud. We've never seen a fix, no matter how many governmental watch-agencies you throw at it. In stocks, the SEC is a joke. At BEST, you try to research your broker to see if your investing incentives align with their money-making incentives. But at the end of the day, YOU are in control, and YOU are responsible. To let people think they can be coddled by a stranger bc of some legalese laws or jargon, is just more obfuscation.
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      "body": "No, while you wrote a proper article-- no beef with that-- we think the content is irrelevant.  To believe in all this Financial Who-sis-What-sis Stuff, you have to ALSO believe you have a fix which will prevent financial fraud.  We've never seen a fix, no matter how many governmental watch-agencies you throw at it.  In stocks, the SEC is a joke.  At BEST, you try to research your broker to see if your investing incentives align with their money-making incentives.  But at the end of the day, YOU are in control, and YOU are responsible.  To let people think they can be coddled by a stranger bc of some legalese laws or jargon, is just more obfuscation.",
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2018/05/03 23:38:12
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permlinkmoral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not
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2018/05/02 08:36:51
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2018/05/01 20:08:39
voterax3
authorcrypto.series
permlinkmoral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not
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2018/05/01 20:08:27
parent author
parent permlinkcryptocurrency
authorcrypto.series
permlinkmoral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not
titleMoral hazard. An adviser or a salesman - should you trust him and why not?
bodyIn mathematics, before we start to talk about anything, solving or discussing any problem – we define key concepts related to the problem being addressed, so we are actually on the same page. Due to that, to begin our considerations related to moral hazard, risk transfer and trust, we will define following key concepts: Moral hazard - the thesis claiming that the subject protected from risk may behave differently than if he were fully exposed to risk. For example, an insured person may behave more risky compared to a situation where she or he would not have insurance. Moral gambling is growing because individuals and institutions do not bear the consequences of their actions and therefore tend to be less cautious than they would be if they were to suffer full effects. Information asymmetry - a situation in which one of the parties of the transaction has more information from the other side. The scope of information available to the parties making the transaction is therefore diversified. For example: if A is trying to sell a car, which doesn’t work properly, to B, but only A knows that the car is broken. Risk (understood as a threat and an opportunity) - the possibility of obtaining a result that differs from the expected one (it may differs in advantageous or disadvantageous). A financial intermediary – a person who should have an adequate knowledge about the offered financial products and skills in the broadly understood finances (including financial mathematics) that will allow the intermediary to select an the optimal product for a specific client (in theory it is a product that provides the client with maximum usability). (VERY IMPORTANT!) The situation in which the intermediary can’t be objective, or what is much worse, has a conflict of interests with his clients is unacceptable. However these situations occurs due to intermediaries remuneration system based on commissions. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmWvg3DAt22Mn8gJ48qoMHe8X5U6RgwFL2TVzxAKcaaYfP/image.png) The scale of unethical behavior of financial intermediaries that emerge from the phenomenon of moral hazard is difficult to estimate. Nevertheless, the fact is that many press articles can be pointed out, which give examples of sales by financial intermediaries of financial products that are not adequate to the client's needs, or even harmful and extremely risky products for the client. The best evidence of that the clients financial intermediaries are victims of moral hazard are groups of people who organized in order to file a class action lawsuit, claiming that they were harmed when buying the recommended financial product. In their opinion, they did not obtain important, or sometimes crucial information about the product (e.g. that the profit after the end of the long-term contract may be symbolic) or even obtained false information (e.g. about the conditions for early termination of the contract) from the intermediaries, who were supposed to not only provide the clients with all essential guidance, but also explain it in a simple, understandable way (not necessarily using financial jargon, which is fully understood only by a few). Today we are going to try to find the answer for two questions given: 1) How is it possible for the creditors (banks) and for financial intermediaries to transfer all the risk on their clients (the debtors)?; 2) What does the moral hazard has to do with cryptocurrencies and how should you protect yourself? Ad. 1 How is it possible for the creditors (banks) and for financial intermediaries to transfer all the risk on their clients (the debtors)? I've been working in banks and loan companies for few years and it took me a while to see how greedy, rutheless and calculated it all is. In the end, if banks do not get too greedy to get blind, it is possible for banks to transfer all risk to their clients. Obviously, financial intermediaries are probably not fully aware of that, but they usually do not really care, since they got their comission, which in most cases is all they care about. Financial intermediary, in the following case, is just a party, a seller, who were supposed to deliver the client to the bank and convice the client, by gaining the clients trust, that he has got the best offer possible delivered on the silver platter. So, how come that the creditor can make a great, profitable transaction, without risk of losing some of his money? To answer that we will have to take a look on how the risk is measured and how it is possible for the bank to have the estimated loss close to 0, while for the client it is relatively high? To answer that we will have to take a look on how the risk is actually measured. Let L be a random variable, which represents the Loss. The expected value of a random variable L can be given by following equation: E(L)=PD x EAD x LGD Where E(L), PD, EAD, LGD are: E(L) – Expected Loss PD – Probability of Default, describing the likelihood of a default over a particular time horizon. It provides an estimate of the likelihood that a borrower will be unable to meet its debt obligations; EAD – Exposure at Default can be defined as the gross exposure under a facility upon default of an obligor; LGD - Loss Given Default LGD=1-RR RR – Recovery Rate, Recovery rate is the extent to which principal and accrued interest on defaulted debt can be recovered, expressed as a percentage of face value. The recovery rate can also be defined as the value of a security when it emerges from default. The recovery rate enables an estimate to be made of the loss that would arise in the event of default, which is calculated as (1 - Recovery Rate). The higher E(L) the higher is the risk associated with the particular loan and the particular client. An example: Let’s imagine that we are a bank, a creditor. Let’s also assume that there is a client who has a collateral, which is a house, and this house has no mortgage. Let’s assume that the client wants to borrow $100 000,00: To evaluate the expected loss we have to estimate following variables: PD, EAD and LGD (or RR, since LGD=1-RR). Let’s assume that we have built proper models using logistic regression and decision trees, and we have estimated following values: Probability of Default: 95%, which means, that in 95 out of 100 cases the client will default at the certain time (usually 12 months); Exposure at Default: $90 000, which means, that when the client defaults, he still most likely owe us 90% of the amount we lent him. So now, our estimated loss is given by: [$] E(L)=0,95 x 90000 x LGD Basically, so far, this deal doesn’t make any sense to make for us. It’s way too risky and will generate high losses in the long run, right? And for us long run is the only thing that matters. However, let’s assume that the client’s house is worth $500 000 and is considered to be a liquid asset. Now, the LTV Ratio (Loan to Value Ratio) is quite low and is equal to 0.2, which is great for us. It means that in case of the event of default occurring the Recovery Rate is close to 1, or equals 1. This is because the collateral is not only liquid, but the LTV is low enough to cover not only the loan, but also the penalty interests and side costs. In connection with the above considerations, if RR is going to 1, we’ve got: ![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmWTC3qPhDbQgtN772qGQJUF2myAKWdUV4SBPpPZgEZwPo/image.png) and also ![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmQQMeEfbQoYmGkBZBuTweYdERnnnihYXBXRnYBcDfyaeY/image.png) As we can see, despite the fact, that the client will most likely not be able to pay his debt, and what is more, will probably default very quickly, the estimated loss, which matters the most, is going to 0. Will we take this deal and give credit to this client? Since the estimated loss is going to 0, it is obviously a profitable for us, so yes. How about the client? Will he take the loan we are going to offer him? Probably yes. Is it a good deal for him? Most likely not. Why does he take the loan, when the Probability of Default and the chance of him being forced to sell his house in order to pay the debt is so high? Does he even know what his Probability of Default is? He most likely doesn’t, and he won’t know that from us nor from the financial intermediary. This is what is called an information asymmetry. One may ask: why would he take the loan if he knows that he is most likely not going to be able to pay it back in time? Well, first of all, he wishes he will be able to, and what is more, he definitely more appreciates current consumption than future liabilities. This is related to the so-called perspective theory, which we will be discussing in subsequent articles. Ad.2 What does the moral hazard has to do with cryptocurrencies? ![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmSSFAyjhi21Ud9PNk7SH7Kh6NDnGUiQynmWu9W5wgMALH/image.png) Once I realized what financial advisers and financial intermediary are capable of in order to achive their goals, mostly financial goals, I have no doubt whatsoever what most of the people, often kids, who give their viewers not official investment advices on their youtube channels actually have in mind. I wanted to make sure you are aware of that and make you think about that who these people actually are. Most of the people who talk about making all this easy money, "lambos", promoting financial pyramids such as "Bitconnect", are most likely not trustworthy. Be smart. Hope you enjoyed it. Thank you for reading.
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Transaction InfoBlock #22057756/Trx c2f4b6c6c0f3eaada0c22d2246259fde534dc0ae
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      "parent_permlink": "cryptocurrency",
      "author": "crypto.series",
      "permlink": "moral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not",
      "title": "Moral hazard. An adviser or a salesman - should you trust him and why not?",
      "body": "In mathematics, before we start to talk about anything, solving or discussing any problem – we  define key concepts related to the problem being addressed, so we are actually on the same page.\n\nDue to that, to begin our considerations related to moral hazard, risk transfer and trust, we will define following key concepts:\n\nMoral hazard - the thesis claiming that the subject protected from risk may behave differently than if he were fully exposed to risk. For example, an insured person may behave more risky compared to a situation where she or he would not have insurance. Moral gambling is growing because individuals and institutions do not bear the consequences of their actions and therefore tend to be less cautious than they would be if they were to suffer full effects.\n\nInformation asymmetry - a situation in which one of the parties of the transaction has more information from the other side. The scope of information available to the parties making the transaction is therefore diversified. For example: if A is trying to sell a car, which doesn’t work properly, to B, but only A knows that the car is broken.\n\nRisk (understood as a threat and an opportunity) - the possibility of obtaining a result that differs from the expected one (it may differs in advantageous or disadvantageous). \n\nA financial intermediary – a person who should have an adequate knowledge about the offered financial products and skills in the broadly understood finances (including financial mathematics) that will allow the intermediary to select an the optimal product for a specific client (in theory it is a product that provides the client with maximum usability). (VERY IMPORTANT!) The situation in which the intermediary can’t be objective, or what is much worse, has a conflict of interests with his clients is unacceptable. However these situations occurs due to intermediaries remuneration system based on commissions.\n\n___________________________________________________________________________________________________\n___________________________________________________________________________________________________\n\n![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmWvg3DAt22Mn8gJ48qoMHe8X5U6RgwFL2TVzxAKcaaYfP/image.png)\n\nThe scale of unethical behavior of financial intermediaries that emerge from the phenomenon of moral hazard is difficult to estimate. Nevertheless, the fact is that many press articles can be pointed out, which give examples of sales by financial intermediaries of financial products that are not adequate to the client's needs, or even harmful and extremely risky products for the client.\n\nThe best evidence of that the clients financial intermediaries are victims of moral hazard are groups of people who organized in order to file a class action lawsuit, claiming that they were harmed when buying the recommended financial product. In their opinion, they did not obtain important, or sometimes crucial information about the product (e.g. that the profit after the end of the long-term contract may be symbolic) or even obtained false information (e.g. about the conditions for early termination of the contract) from the intermediaries, who were supposed to not only provide the clients with all essential guidance, but also explain it in a simple, understandable way (not necessarily using financial jargon, which is fully understood only by a few). \n\nToday we are going to try to find the answer for two questions given:\n\n1) How is it possible for the creditors (banks) and for financial intermediaries to transfer all the risk on their clients (the debtors)?;\n\n2) What does the moral hazard has to do with cryptocurrencies and how should you protect yourself?\n\nAd. 1 How is it possible for the creditors (banks) and for financial intermediaries to transfer all the risk on their clients (the debtors)?\n\nI've been working in banks and loan companies for few years and it took me a while to see how greedy, rutheless and calculated it all is.  In the end, if banks do not get too greedy to get blind, it is possible for banks to transfer all risk to their clients. Obviously, financial intermediaries are probably not fully aware of that, but they usually do not really care, since they got their comission, which in most cases is all they care about. Financial intermediary, in the following case, is just a party, a seller, who were supposed to deliver the client to the bank and convice the client, by gaining the clients trust, that he has got the best offer possible delivered on the silver platter. \n\nSo, how come that the creditor can make a great, profitable transaction, without risk of losing some of his money? \nTo answer that we will have to take a look on how the risk is measured and how it is possible for the bank to have the estimated loss close to 0, while for the client it is relatively high?\n\nTo answer that we will have to take a look on how the risk is actually measured.\n\nLet L be a random variable, which represents the Loss. The expected value of a random variable L can be given by following equation:\n\nE(L)=PD x EAD x LGD\n\nWhere E(L), PD, EAD, LGD are:\n\nE(L) – Expected Loss\n\nPD – Probability of Default, describing the likelihood of a default over a particular time horizon. It provides an estimate of the likelihood that a borrower will be unable to meet its debt obligations;\n\nEAD – Exposure at Default can be defined as the gross exposure under a facility upon default of an obligor;\n\nLGD - Loss Given Default\n\nLGD=1-RR \n\nRR – Recovery Rate, Recovery rate is the extent to which principal and accrued interest on defaulted debt can be recovered, expressed as a percentage of face value. The recovery rate can also be defined as the value of a security when it emerges from default. The recovery rate enables an estimate to be made of the loss that would arise in the event of default, which is calculated as (1 - Recovery Rate). \n\nThe higher E(L) the higher is the risk associated with the particular loan and the particular client.\n\nAn example:\n\nLet’s imagine that we are a bank, a creditor. Let’s also assume that there is a client who has a collateral, which is a house, and this house has no mortgage. Let’s assume that the client wants to borrow $100 000,00:\n\nTo evaluate the expected loss we have to estimate following variables: PD, EAD and LGD (or RR, since LGD=1-RR).\nLet’s assume that we have built proper models using logistic regression and decision trees, and we have estimated following values: \n\nProbability of Default: 95%, which means, that in 95 out of 100 cases the client will default at the certain time (usually 12 months);\n\nExposure at Default: $90 000, which means, that when the client defaults, he still most likely owe us 90% of the amount we lent him.\n\nSo now, our estimated loss is given by:\n\n[$] E(L)=0,95 x 90000 x LGD\n\nBasically, so far, this deal doesn’t make any sense to make for us. It’s way too risky and will generate high losses in the long run, right? And for us long run is the only thing that matters.\n\nHowever, let’s assume that the client’s house is worth $500 000 and is considered to be a liquid asset. \n\nNow, the LTV Ratio (Loan to Value Ratio) is quite low and is equal to 0.2, which is great for us. It means that in case of the event of default occurring the Recovery Rate is close to 1, or equals 1.\n\nThis is because the collateral is not only liquid, but the LTV is low enough to cover not only the loan, but also the penalty interests and side costs.\n\nIn connection with the above considerations, if RR is going to 1, we’ve got:\n\n![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmWTC3qPhDbQgtN772qGQJUF2myAKWdUV4SBPpPZgEZwPo/image.png)\n\nand also\n\n![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmQQMeEfbQoYmGkBZBuTweYdERnnnihYXBXRnYBcDfyaeY/image.png)\n\nAs we can see, despite the fact, that the client will most likely not be able to pay his debt, and what is more, will probably default very quickly, the estimated loss, which matters the most, is going to 0. Will we take this deal and give credit to this client? Since the estimated loss is going to 0, it is obviously a profitable for us, so yes. \n\nHow about the client? Will he take the loan we are going to offer him? \n\nProbably yes. \n\nIs it a good deal for him? Most likely not.\n\nWhy does he take the loan, when the Probability of Default and the chance of him being forced to sell his house in order to pay the debt is so high? Does he even know what his Probability of Default is? He most likely doesn’t, and he won’t know that from us nor from the financial intermediary. This is what is called an information asymmetry.\n\nOne may ask: why would he take the loan if he knows that he is most likely not going to be able to pay it back in time? Well, first of all, he wishes he will be able to, and what is more, he definitely more appreciates current consumption than future liabilities. This is related to the so-called perspective theory, which we will be discussing in subsequent articles.\n\nAd.2 What does the moral hazard has to do with cryptocurrencies?\n\n![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmSSFAyjhi21Ud9PNk7SH7Kh6NDnGUiQynmWu9W5wgMALH/image.png)\n\n\nOnce I realized what financial advisers and financial intermediary are capable of in order to achive their goals, mostly financial goals, I have no doubt whatsoever what most of the people, often kids, who give their viewers not official investment advices on their youtube channels actually have in mind. I wanted to make sure you are aware of that and make you think about that who these people actually are. Most of the people who talk about making all this easy money, \"lambos\", promoting financial pyramids such as \"Bitconnect\", are most likely not trustworthy.\n\nBe smart.\n\nHope you enjoyed it. Thank you for reading.",
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2018/04/30 12:48:30
votercrypto.series
authorquoineliquid
permlinkliquid-update-with-quoine-chief-trading-officer-andre-pemmelaar
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2018/04/27 15:35:21
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2018/04/27 15:35:12
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2018/04/27 08:50:24
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2018/04/27 08:02:00
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2018/04/27 07:06:03
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parent permlinkcryptocurrency
authorcrypto.series
permlinkmoral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not
titleMoral hazard. An adviser or a seller - should you trust him and why not?
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2018/04/27 07:05:27
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2018/04/27 07:04:09
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authorcrypto.series
permlinkre-harpooninvestor-re-cryptoseries-moral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not-20180427t070404990z
title
bodyThank you for your comment, but I don't think i can agree with you, and I will tell you why: 1. When we talk about trust we talk about a knowledge or a faith, a belief that someone's actions will be accordance with our wishes. And you are right, when it comes to financial intermediaries it is often about TRUST based on faith and believes, because their clients are usually not educated enough to be able to verify if the intermediary is not only qualified enough, but also honest with them. The clients are in most cases not capable of veryfing that, because they are not only educated enough (and yes, in my opinion, they should be and), but also often do not have enough time to make their research in order to verify the given informations. 2. I believe that the greatest enemy of knowledge is not ignorance, but the illusion of knowledge, and due to that I believe that people who are not educated enough and not qualified enough (just like many of youtubers) SHOULD NOT try to form opinion of others. You are probably fully aware of its implications. In my opinion, because of that, the world becomes bigger and bigger mess, instead of better and better place. 3. We were not talking about my own mistakes and I can't see how you deduced that. By the way, did you find the article interesting overall?
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      "body": "Thank you for your comment, but I don't think i can agree with you, and I will tell you why:\n\n1. When we talk about trust we talk about a knowledge or a faith, a belief that someone's actions will be accordance with our wishes. And you are right, when it comes to financial intermediaries it is often about TRUST based on faith and believes, because their clients are usually not educated enough to be able to verify if the intermediary is not only qualified enough, but also honest with them. The clients are in most cases not capable of veryfing that, because they are not only educated enough (and yes, in my opinion, they should be and), but also often do not have enough time to make their research in order to verify the given informations.  \n\n2. I believe that the greatest enemy of knowledge is not ignorance, but the illusion of knowledge, and due to that I believe that people who are not educated enough and not qualified enough (just like many of youtubers) SHOULD NOT try to form opinion of others. You are probably fully aware of its implications. In my opinion, because of that, the world becomes bigger and bigger mess, instead of better and better place.\n\n3. We were not talking about my own mistakes and I can't see how you deduced that.\n\nBy the way, did you find the article interesting overall?",
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2018/04/27 00:18:00
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authorharpooninvestor
permlinkre-cryptoseries-moral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not-20180427t001800071z
title
bodyThe better way to look at it, is to forget ALL of these definitions which are silly legal-ese, and just do what makes sense to you. YOU know if you've put in the time to understand something, and YOU know when you're trying to make money too fast and just trusting without verification. So YOU are ALWAYS to blame or credit when deploying YOUR money. Stop suing everyone for your own mistakes in life, and the world becomes a better more efficient place. Trust those who earn your trust, it's as simple as that. No definitions required, just meeting people and getting a feel for whether they are full of shit or not.
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2018/04/26 23:46:24
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2018/04/26 23:38:18
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2018/04/26 23:38:15
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2018/04/26 23:38:12
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2018/04/26 23:38:12
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2018/04/26 23:38:12
parent author
parent permlinkcryptocurrency
authorcrypto.series
permlinkmoral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not
titleMoral hazard. An adviser or a seller - should you trust him and why not?
bodyIn mathematics, before we start to talk about anything, solving or discussing any problem – we define key concepts related to the problem being addressed, so we are actually on the same page. Due to that, to begin our considerations related to moral hazard, risk transfer and trust, we will define following key concepts: Moral hazard - the thesis claiming that the subject protected from risk may behave differently than if he were fully exposed to risk. For example, an insured person may behave more risky compared to a situation where she or he would not have insurance. Moral gambling is growing because individuals and institutions do not bear the consequences of their actions and therefore tend to be less cautious than they would be if they were to suffer full effects. Information asymmetry - a situation in which one of the parties of the transaction has more information from the other side. The scope of information available to the parties making the transaction is therefore diversified. For example: if A is trying to sell a car, which doesn’t work properly, to B, but only A knows that the car is broken. Risk (understood as a threat and an opportunity) - the possibility of obtaining a result that differs from the expected one (it may differs in advantageous or disadvantageous). A financial intermediary – a person who should have an adequate knowledge about the offered financial products and skills in the broadly understood finances (including financial mathematics) that will allow the intermediary to select an the optimal product for a specific client (in theory it is a product that provides the client with maximum usability). (VERY IMPORTANT!) The situation in which the intermediary can’t be objective, or what is much worse, has a conflict of interests with his clients is unacceptable. However these situations occurs due to intermediaries remuneration system based on commissions. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmWvg3DAt22Mn8gJ48qoMHe8X5U6RgwFL2TVzxAKcaaYfP/image.png) The scale of unethical behavior of financial intermediaries that emerge from the phenomenon of moral hazard is difficult to estimate. Nevertheless, the fact is that many press articles can be pointed out, which give examples of sales by financial intermediaries of financial products that are not adequate to the client's needs, or even harmful and extremely risky products for the client. The best evidence of that the clients financial intermediaries are victims of moral hazard are groups of people who organized in order to file a class action lawsuit, claiming that they were harmed when buying the recommended financial product. In their opinion, they did not obtain important, or sometimes crucial information about the product (e.g. that the profit after the end of the long-term contract may be symbolic) or even obtained false information (e.g. about the conditions for early termination of the contract) from the intermediaries, who were supposed to not only provide the clients with all essential guidance, but also explain it in a simple, understandable way (not necessarily using financial jargon, which is fully understood only by a few). Today we are going to try to find the answer for two questions given: 1) How is it possible for the creditors (banks) and for financial intermediaries to transfer all the risk on their clients (the debtors)?; 2) What does the moral hazard has to do with cryptocurrencies and how should you protect yourself? Ad. 1 How is it possible for the creditors (banks) and for financial intermediaries to transfer all the risk on their clients (the debtors)? I've been working in banks and loan companies for few years and it took me a while to see how greedy, rutheless and calculated it all is. In the end, if banks do not get too greedy to get blind, it is possible for banks to transfer all risk to their clients. Obviously, financial intermediaries are probably not fully aware of that, but they usually do not really care, since they got their comission, which in most cases is all they care about. Financial intermediary, in the following case, is just a party, a seller, who were supposed to deliver the client to the bank and convice the client, by gaining the clients trust, that he has got the best offer possible delivered on the silver platter. So, how come that the creditor can make a great, profitable transaction, without risk of losing some of his money? To answer that we will have to take a look on how the risk is measured and how it is possible for the bank to have the estimated loss close to 0, while for the client it is relatively high? To answer that we will have to take a look on how the risk is actually measured. Let L be a random variable, which is represents the Loss. The expected value of a random variable L can be given by following equation: E(L)=PD x EAD x LGD Where E(L), PD, EAD, LGD are: E(L) – Expected Loss PD – Probability of Default, describing the likelihood of a default over a particular time horizon. It provides an estimate of the likelihood that a borrower will be unable to meet its debt obligations; EAD – Exposure at Default can be defined as the gross exposure under a facility upon default of an obligor; LGD - Loss Given Default LGD=1-RR RR – Recovery Rate, Recovery rate is the extent to which principal and accrued interest on defaulted debt can be recovered, expressed as a percentage of face value. The recovery rate can also be defined as the value of a security when it emerges from default. The recovery rate enables an estimate to be made of the loss that would arise in the event of default, which is calculated as (1 - Recovery Rate). The higher E(L) the higher is the risk associated with the particular loan and the particular client. An example: Let’s imagine that we are a bank, a creditor. Let’s also assume that there is a client who has a collateral, which is a house, and this house has no mortgage. Let’s assume that the client wants to borrow $100 000,00: To evaluate the expected loss we have to estimate following variables: PD, EAD and LGD (or RR, since LGD=1-RR). Let’s assume that we have built proper models using logistic regression and decision trees, and we have estimated following values: Probability of Default: 95%, which means, that in 95 out of 100 cases the client will default at the certain time (usually 12 months); Exposure at Default: $90 000, which means, that when the client defaults, he still most likely owe us 90% of the amount we lent him. So now, our estimated loss is given by: [$] E(L)=0,95 x 90000 x LGD Basically, so far, this deal doesn’t make any sense to make for us. It’s way too risky and will generate high losses in the long run, right? And for us long run is the only thing that matters. However, let’s assume that the client’s house is worth $500 000 and is considered to be a liquid asset. Now, the LTV Ratio (Loan to Value Ratio) is quite low and is equal to 0.2, which is great for us. It means that in case of the event of default occurring the Recovery Rate is close to 1, or equals 1. This is because the collateral is not only liquid, but the LTV is low enough to cover not only the loan, but also the penalty interests and side costs. In connection with the above considerations, if RR is going to 1, we’ve got: ![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmWTC3qPhDbQgtN772qGQJUF2myAKWdUV4SBPpPZgEZwPo/image.png) and also ![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmQQMeEfbQoYmGkBZBuTweYdERnnnihYXBXRnYBcDfyaeY/image.png) As we can see, despite the fact, that the client will most likely not be able to pay his debt, and what is more, will probably default very quickly, the estimated loss, which matters the most, is going to 0. Will we take this deal and give credit to this client? Since the estimated loss is going to 0, it is obviously a profitable for us, so yes. How about the client? Will he take the loan we are going to offer him? Probably yes. Is it a good deal for him? Most likely not. Why does he take the loan, when the Probability of Default and the chance of him being forced to sell his house in order to pay the debt is so high? Does he even know what his Probability of Default is? He most likely doesn’t, and he won’t know that from us nor from the financial intermediary. This is what is called an information asymmetry. One may ask: why would he take the loan if he knows that he is most likely not going to be able to pay it back in time? Well, first of all, he wishes he will be able to, and what is more, he definitely more appreciates current consumption than future liabilities. This is related to the so-called perspective theory, which we will be discussing in subsequent articles. Ad.2 What does the moral hazard has to do with cryptocurrencies? ![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmSSFAyjhi21Ud9PNk7SH7Kh6NDnGUiQynmWu9W5wgMALH/image.png) Once I realized what financial advisers and financial intermediary are capable of in order to achive their goals, mostly financial goals, I have no doubt whatsoever what most of the people, often kids, who give their viewers not official investment advices on their youtube channels actually have in mind. I wanted to make sure you are aware of that and make you think about that who these people actually are. Most of the people who talk about making all this easy money, "lambos", promoting financial pyramids such as "Bitconnect", are most likely not trustworthy. Be smart. I typed it because I care. Hope you enjoyed it. Thank you for reading.
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Transaction InfoBlock #21917989/Trx 3fe71befaf3d8ff9f7aadfb8566b1b66a33d45b6
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      "parent_permlink": "cryptocurrency",
      "author": "crypto.series",
      "permlink": "moral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not",
      "title": "Moral hazard. An adviser or a seller - should you trust him and why not?",
      "body": "In mathematics, before we start to talk about anything, solving or discussing any problem – we  define key concepts related to the problem being addressed, so we are actually on the same page.\n\nDue to that, to begin our considerations related to moral hazard, risk transfer and trust, we will define following key concepts:\n\nMoral hazard - the thesis claiming that the subject protected from risk may behave differently than if he were fully exposed to risk. For example, an insured person may behave more risky compared to a situation where she or he would not have insurance. Moral gambling is growing because individuals and institutions do not bear the consequences of their actions and therefore tend to be less cautious than they would be if they were to suffer full effects.\n\nInformation asymmetry - a situation in which one of the parties of the transaction has more information from the other side. The scope of information available to the parties making the transaction is therefore diversified. For example: if A is trying to sell a car, which doesn’t work properly, to B, but only A knows that the car is broken.\n\nRisk (understood as a threat and an opportunity) - the possibility of obtaining a result that differs from the expected one (it may differs in advantageous or disadvantageous). \n\nA financial intermediary – a person who should have an adequate knowledge about the offered financial products and skills in the broadly understood finances (including financial mathematics) that will allow the intermediary to select an the optimal product for a specific client (in theory it is a product that provides the client with maximum usability). (VERY IMPORTANT!) The situation in which the intermediary can’t be objective, or what is much worse, has a conflict of interests with his clients is unacceptable. However these situations occurs due to intermediaries remuneration system based on commissions.\n\n___________________________________________________________________________________________________\n___________________________________________________________________________________________________\n\n![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmWvg3DAt22Mn8gJ48qoMHe8X5U6RgwFL2TVzxAKcaaYfP/image.png)\n\nThe scale of unethical behavior of financial intermediaries that emerge from the phenomenon of moral hazard is difficult to estimate. Nevertheless, the fact is that many press articles can be pointed out, which give examples of sales by financial intermediaries of financial products that are not adequate to the client's needs, or even harmful and extremely risky products for the client.\n\nThe best evidence of that the clients financial intermediaries are victims of moral hazard are groups of people who organized in order to file a class action lawsuit, claiming that they were harmed when buying the recommended financial product. In their opinion, they did not obtain important, or sometimes crucial information about the product (e.g. that the profit after the end of the long-term contract may be symbolic) or even obtained false information (e.g. about the conditions for early termination of the contract) from the intermediaries, who were supposed to not only provide the clients with all essential guidance, but also explain it in a simple, understandable way (not necessarily using financial jargon, which is fully understood only by a few). \n\nToday we are going to try to find the answer for two questions given:\n\n1) How is it possible for the creditors (banks) and for financial intermediaries to transfer all the risk on their clients (the debtors)?;\n\n2) What does the moral hazard has to do with cryptocurrencies and how should you protect yourself?\n\nAd. 1 How is it possible for the creditors (banks) and for financial intermediaries to transfer all the risk on their clients (the debtors)?\n\nI've been working in banks and loan companies for few years and it took me a while to see how greedy, rutheless and calculated it all is.  In the end, if banks do not get too greedy to get blind, it is possible for banks to transfer all risk to their clients. Obviously, financial intermediaries are probably not fully aware of that, but they usually do not really care, since they got their comission, which in most cases is all they care about. Financial intermediary, in the following case, is just a party, a seller, who were supposed to deliver the client to the bank and convice the client, by gaining the clients trust, that he has got the best offer possible delivered on the silver platter. \n\nSo, how come that the creditor can make a great, profitable transaction, without risk of losing some of his money? \nTo answer that we will have to take a look on how the risk is measured and how it is possible for the bank to have the estimated loss close to 0, while for the client it is relatively high?\n\nTo answer that we will have to take a look on how the risk is actually measured.\n\nLet L be a random variable, which is represents the Loss. The expected value of a random variable L can be given by following equation:\n\nE(L)=PD x EAD x LGD\n\nWhere E(L), PD, EAD, LGD are:\n\nE(L) – Expected Loss\n\nPD – Probability of Default, describing the likelihood of a default over a particular time horizon. It provides an estimate of the likelihood that a borrower will be unable to meet its debt obligations;\n\nEAD – Exposure at Default can be defined as the gross exposure under a facility upon default of an obligor;\n\nLGD - Loss Given Default\n\nLGD=1-RR \n\nRR – Recovery Rate, Recovery rate is the extent to which principal and accrued interest on defaulted debt can be recovered, expressed as a percentage of face value. The recovery rate can also be defined as the value of a security when it emerges from default. The recovery rate enables an estimate to be made of the loss that would arise in the event of default, which is calculated as (1 - Recovery Rate). \n\nThe higher E(L) the higher is the risk associated with the particular loan and the particular client.\n\nAn example:\n\nLet’s imagine that we are a bank, a creditor. Let’s also assume that there is a client who has a collateral, which is a house, and this house has no mortgage. Let’s assume that the client wants to borrow $100 000,00:\n\nTo evaluate the expected loss we have to estimate following variables: PD, EAD and LGD (or RR, since LGD=1-RR).\nLet’s assume that we have built proper models using logistic regression and decision trees, and we have estimated following values: \n\nProbability of Default: 95%, which means, that in 95 out of 100 cases the client will default at the certain time (usually 12 months);\n\nExposure at Default: $90 000, which means, that when the client defaults, he still most likely owe us 90% of the amount we lent him.\n\nSo now, our estimated loss is given by:\n\n[$] E(L)=0,95 x 90000 x LGD\n\nBasically, so far, this deal doesn’t make any sense to make for us. It’s way too risky and will generate high losses in the long run, right? And for us long run is the only thing that matters.\n\nHowever, let’s assume that the client’s house is worth $500 000 and is considered to be a liquid asset. \n\nNow, the LTV Ratio (Loan to Value Ratio) is quite low and is equal to 0.2, which is great for us. It means that in case of the event of default occurring the Recovery Rate is close to 1, or equals 1.\n\nThis is because the collateral is not only liquid, but the LTV is low enough to cover not only the loan, but also the penalty interests and side costs.\n\nIn connection with the above considerations, if RR is going to 1, we’ve got:\n\n![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmWTC3qPhDbQgtN772qGQJUF2myAKWdUV4SBPpPZgEZwPo/image.png)\n\nand also\n\n![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmQQMeEfbQoYmGkBZBuTweYdERnnnihYXBXRnYBcDfyaeY/image.png)\n\nAs we can see, despite the fact, that the client will most likely not be able to pay his debt, and what is more, will probably default very quickly, the estimated loss, which matters the most, is going to 0. Will we take this deal and give credit to this client? Since the estimated loss is going to 0, it is obviously a profitable for us, so yes. \n\nHow about the client? Will he take the loan we are going to offer him? \n\nProbably yes. \n\nIs it a good deal for him? Most likely not.\n\nWhy does he take the loan, when the Probability of Default and the chance of him being forced to sell his house in order to pay the debt is so high? Does he even know what his Probability of Default is? He most likely doesn’t, and he won’t know that from us nor from the financial intermediary. This is what is called an information asymmetry.\n\nOne may ask: why would he take the loan if he knows that he is most likely not going to be able to pay it back in time? Well, first of all, he wishes he will be able to, and what is more, he definitely more appreciates current consumption than future liabilities. This is related to the so-called perspective theory, which we will be discussing in subsequent articles.\n\nAd.2 What does the moral hazard has to do with cryptocurrencies?\n\n![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmSSFAyjhi21Ud9PNk7SH7Kh6NDnGUiQynmWu9W5wgMALH/image.png)\n\n\nOnce I realized what financial advisers and financial intermediary are capable of in order to achive their goals, mostly financial goals, I have no doubt whatsoever what most of the people, often kids, who give their viewers not official investment advices on their youtube channels actually have in mind. I wanted to make sure you are aware of that and make you think about that who these people actually are. Most of the people who talk about making all this easy money, \"lambos\", promoting financial pyramids such as \"Bitconnect\", are most likely not trustworthy.\n\nBe smart.\n\nI typed it because I care.\n\nHope you enjoyed it. Thank you for reading.",
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crypto.seriesupdated their account properties
2018/04/26 15:12:15
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crypto.seriesupdated their account properties
2018/04/26 15:06:30
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Transaction InfoBlock #21907759/Trx dcad0355801493e00eb2f08d944e401343dc1762
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crypto.seriesupdated their account properties
2018/04/26 15:05:39
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Transaction InfoBlock #21907742/Trx a3935e9f7c6b38525acf6917f3c8cd7c4fa6d3ca
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crypto.seriesupdated their account properties
2018/04/26 15:01:18
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Transaction InfoBlock #21907655/Trx 1c63eb48cac06f89dd8dfd4e0bd4e974aa385564
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crypto.seriesupdated their account properties
2018/04/26 15:00:24
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Transaction InfoBlock #21907637/Trx 0bf729bbff6d3fd2e1997b7c16bdb588d35de6fb
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2018/04/26 14:57:00
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2018/04/26 14:55:30
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Transaction InfoBlock #21907539/Trx d94e556b53f0f0c424c69e53c571dcc0fa479c26
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crypto.seriesupdated their account properties
2018/04/25 15:13:33
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  "trx_id": "f95510c6f8c495dd980127bd72d10c18fa219440",
  "block": 21879113,
  "trx_in_block": 36,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-04-25T15:13:33",
  "op": [
    "account_update",
    {
      "account": "crypto.series",
      "memo_key": "STM8VcDkDT4fjUXWkPqVMDR2qXowztCwuQwVnuvNWhTQKdaAXvgEP",
      "json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"name\":\"Crypto Series\",\"about\":\"A mathematician, economists and psychologist trying to explain what is going on in crypto and financial world\"}}"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 18.644 SP to @crypto.series
2018/04/20 13:08:03
delegatorsteem
delegateecrypto.series
vesting shares30360.496371 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #21733257/Trx 10f9af9bb4445480731ceeafd9ae0f5631b4bdd9
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "10f9af9bb4445480731ceeafd9ae0f5631b4bdd9",
  "block": 21733257,
  "trx_in_block": 69,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-04-20T13:08:03",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "crypto.series",
      "vesting_shares": "30360.496371 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemcreated a new account: @crypto.series
2018/04/20 11:27:15
fee0.100 STEEM
delegation30690.000000 VESTS
creatorsteem
new account namecrypto.series
owner{"weight_threshold":1,"account_auths":[],"key_auths":[["STM7611yYYSL5x6inuD8pfDBMoe24uFNoaNx1YuC34Ktx9jwopjXc",1]]}
active{"weight_threshold":1,"account_auths":[],"key_auths":[["STM8TnBuyrvBa78B3bd3jYmybYKcJUWiTLETBFnR4wBzmPi8e2vRa",1]]}
posting{"weight_threshold":1,"account_auths":[],"key_auths":[["STM6uiKaQhNADiM5tLuygqLnZmDe5F4D7cwbZ4zn3k8pNogP2NvJZ",1]]}
memo keySTM8VcDkDT4fjUXWkPqVMDR2qXowztCwuQwVnuvNWhTQKdaAXvgEP
json metadata{}
extensions[]
Transaction InfoBlock #21731241/Trx c5899ee6b960c0785eb8f45b4b48555389b07fc2
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "c5899ee6b960c0785eb8f45b4b48555389b07fc2",
  "block": 21731241,
  "trx_in_block": 16,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-04-20T11:27:15",
  "op": [
    "account_create_with_delegation",
    {
      "fee": "0.100 STEEM",
      "delegation": "30690.000000 VESTS",
      "creator": "steem",
      "new_account_name": "crypto.series",
      "owner": {
        "weight_threshold": 1,
        "account_auths": [],
        "key_auths": [
          [
            "STM7611yYYSL5x6inuD8pfDBMoe24uFNoaNx1YuC34Ktx9jwopjXc",
            1
          ]
        ]
      },
      "active": {
        "weight_threshold": 1,
        "account_auths": [],
        "key_auths": [
          [
            "STM8TnBuyrvBa78B3bd3jYmybYKcJUWiTLETBFnR4wBzmPi8e2vRa",
            1
          ]
        ]
      },
      "posting": {
        "weight_threshold": 1,
        "account_auths": [],
        "key_auths": [
          [
            "STM6uiKaQhNADiM5tLuygqLnZmDe5F4D7cwbZ4zn3k8pNogP2NvJZ",
            1
          ]
        ]
      },
      "memo_key": "STM8VcDkDT4fjUXWkPqVMDR2qXowztCwuQwVnuvNWhTQKdaAXvgEP",
      "json_metadata": "{}",
      "extensions": []
    }
  ]
}

Account Metadata

POSTING JSON METADATA
profile{"name":"Crypto Series","about":"A mathematician, economists and psychologist trying to explain what is going on in crypto and financial world","cover_image":"https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTXd1j9Tw68JEpRf_UPe0hIHPnviwfPapH0zAov4GgqB8kcmpsw1A","profile_image":"http://opcjenaakcje.pl/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/gruby-ogon.png"}
JSON METADATA
profile{"name":"Crypto Series","about":"A mathematician, economists and psychologist trying to explain what is going on in crypto and financial world","cover_image":"https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTXd1j9Tw68JEpRf_UPe0hIHPnviwfPapH0zAov4GgqB8kcmpsw1A","profile_image":"http://opcjenaakcje.pl/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/gruby-ogon.png"}
{
  "posting_json_metadata": {
    "profile": {
      "name": "Crypto Series",
      "about": "A mathematician, economists and psychologist trying to explain what is going on in crypto and financial world",
      "cover_image": "https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTXd1j9Tw68JEpRf_UPe0hIHPnviwfPapH0zAov4GgqB8kcmpsw1A",
      "profile_image": "http://opcjenaakcje.pl/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/gruby-ogon.png"
    }
  },
  "json_metadata": {
    "profile": {
      "name": "Crypto Series",
      "about": "A mathematician, economists and psychologist trying to explain what is going on in crypto and financial world",
      "cover_image": "https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTXd1j9Tw68JEpRf_UPe0hIHPnviwfPapH0zAov4GgqB8kcmpsw1A",
      "profile_image": "http://opcjenaakcje.pl/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/gruby-ogon.png"
    }
  }
}

Auth Keys

Owner
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM7611yYYSL5x6inuD8pfDBMoe24uFNoaNx1YuC34Ktx9jwopjXc1/1
Active
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM8TnBuyrvBa78B3bd3jYmybYKcJUWiTLETBFnR4wBzmPi8e2vRa1/1
Posting
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM6uiKaQhNADiM5tLuygqLnZmDe5F4D7cwbZ4zn3k8pNogP2NvJZ1/1
Memo
STM8VcDkDT4fjUXWkPqVMDR2qXowztCwuQwVnuvNWhTQKdaAXvgEP
{
  "owner": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM7611yYYSL5x6inuD8pfDBMoe24uFNoaNx1YuC34Ktx9jwopjXc",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "active": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM8TnBuyrvBa78B3bd3jYmybYKcJUWiTLETBFnR4wBzmPi8e2vRa",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "posting": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM6uiKaQhNADiM5tLuygqLnZmDe5F4D7cwbZ4zn3k8pNogP2NvJZ",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "memo": "STM8VcDkDT4fjUXWkPqVMDR2qXowztCwuQwVnuvNWhTQKdaAXvgEP"
}

Witness Votes

0 / 30
No active witness votes.
[]