@crypto.series
25A mathematician, economists and psychologist trying to explain what is going on in crypto and financial world
steemit.com/@crypto.seriesVOTING POWER100.00%
DOWNVOTE POWER100.00%
RESOURCE CREDITS100.00%
REPUTATION PROGRESS0.00%
Net Worth
0.007USD
STEEM
0.000STEEM
SBD
0.000SBD
Effective Power
5.001SP
├── Own SP
0.125SP
└── Incoming DelegationsDeleg
+4.876SP
Detailed Balance
| STEEM | ||
| balance | 0.000STEEM | STEEM |
| market_balance | 0.000STEEM | STEEM |
| savings_balance | 0.000STEEM | STEEM |
| reward_steem_balance | 0.000STEEM | STEEM |
| STEEM POWER | ||
| Own SP | 0.125SP | SP |
| Delegated Out | 0.000SP | SP |
| Delegation In | 4.876SP | SP |
| Effective Power | 5.001SP | SP |
| Reward SP (pending) | 0.017SP | SP |
| SBD | ||
| sbd_balance | 0.000SBD | SBD |
| sbd_conversions | 0.000SBD | SBD |
| sbd_market_balance | 0.000SBD | SBD |
| savings_sbd_balance | 0.000SBD | SBD |
| reward_sbd_balance | 0.000SBD | SBD |
{
"balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"vesting_shares": "203.762445 VESTS",
"delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
"received_vesting_shares": "7939.897361 VESTS",
"sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"conversions": []
}Account Info
| name | crypto.series |
| id | 946566 |
| rank | 345,059 |
| reputation | 174193007 |
| created | 2018-04-20T11:27:15 |
| recovery_account | steem |
| proxy | None |
| post_count | 2 |
| comment_count | 0 |
| lifetime_vote_count | 0 |
| witnesses_voted_for | 0 |
| last_post | 2018-04-27T07:04:09 |
| last_root_post | 2018-04-26T23:38:12 |
| last_vote_time | 2018-04-27T15:35:12 |
| proxied_vsf_votes | 0, 0, 0, 0 |
| can_vote | 1 |
| voting_power | 0 |
| delayed_votes | 0 |
| balance | 0.000 STEEM |
| savings_balance | 0.000 STEEM |
| sbd_balance | 0.000 SBD |
| savings_sbd_balance | 0.000 SBD |
| vesting_shares | 203.762445 VESTS |
| delegated_vesting_shares | 0.000000 VESTS |
| received_vesting_shares | 7939.897361 VESTS |
| reward_vesting_balance | 34.615619 VESTS |
| vesting_balance | 0.000 STEEM |
| vesting_withdraw_rate | 0.000000 VESTS |
| next_vesting_withdrawal | 1969-12-31T23:59:59 |
| withdrawn | 0 |
| to_withdraw | 0 |
| withdraw_routes | 0 |
| savings_withdraw_requests | 0 |
| last_account_recovery | 1970-01-01T00:00:00 |
| reset_account | null |
| last_owner_update | 1970-01-01T00:00:00 |
| last_account_update | 2018-04-26T15:12:15 |
| mined | No |
| sbd_seconds | 0 |
| sbd_last_interest_payment | 1970-01-01T00:00:00 |
| savings_sbd_last_interest_payment | 1970-01-01T00:00:00 |
{
"id": 946566,
"name": "crypto.series",
"owner": {
"weight_threshold": 1,
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM7611yYYSL5x6inuD8pfDBMoe24uFNoaNx1YuC34Ktx9jwopjXc",
1
]
]
},
"active": {
"weight_threshold": 1,
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM8TnBuyrvBa78B3bd3jYmybYKcJUWiTLETBFnR4wBzmPi8e2vRa",
1
]
]
},
"posting": {
"weight_threshold": 1,
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM6uiKaQhNADiM5tLuygqLnZmDe5F4D7cwbZ4zn3k8pNogP2NvJZ",
1
]
]
},
"memo_key": "STM8VcDkDT4fjUXWkPqVMDR2qXowztCwuQwVnuvNWhTQKdaAXvgEP",
"json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"name\":\"Crypto Series\",\"about\":\"A mathematician, economists and psychologist trying to explain what is going on in crypto and financial world\",\"cover_image\":\"https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTXd1j9Tw68JEpRf_UPe0hIHPnviwfPapH0zAov4GgqB8kcmpsw1A\",\"profile_image\":\"http://opcjenaakcje.pl/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/gruby-ogon.png\"}}",
"posting_json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"name\":\"Crypto Series\",\"about\":\"A mathematician, economists and psychologist trying to explain what is going on in crypto and financial world\",\"cover_image\":\"https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTXd1j9Tw68JEpRf_UPe0hIHPnviwfPapH0zAov4GgqB8kcmpsw1A\",\"profile_image\":\"http://opcjenaakcje.pl/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/gruby-ogon.png\"}}",
"proxy": "",
"last_owner_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"last_account_update": "2018-04-26T15:12:15",
"created": "2018-04-20T11:27:15",
"mined": false,
"recovery_account": "steem",
"last_account_recovery": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"reset_account": "null",
"comment_count": 0,
"lifetime_vote_count": 0,
"post_count": 2,
"can_vote": true,
"voting_manabar": {
"current_mana": "8143659806",
"last_update_time": 1779058704
},
"downvote_manabar": {
"current_mana": 2035914951,
"last_update_time": 1779058704
},
"voting_power": 0,
"balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"sbd_seconds": "0",
"sbd_seconds_last_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"savings_sbd_seconds": "0",
"savings_sbd_seconds_last_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"savings_sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"savings_withdraw_requests": 0,
"reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"reward_vesting_balance": "34.615619 VESTS",
"reward_vesting_steem": "0.017 STEEM",
"vesting_shares": "203.762445 VESTS",
"delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
"received_vesting_shares": "7939.897361 VESTS",
"vesting_withdraw_rate": "0.000000 VESTS",
"next_vesting_withdrawal": "1969-12-31T23:59:59",
"withdrawn": 0,
"to_withdraw": 0,
"withdraw_routes": 0,
"curation_rewards": 0,
"posting_rewards": 17,
"proxied_vsf_votes": [
0,
0,
0,
0
],
"witnesses_voted_for": 0,
"last_post": "2018-04-27T07:04:09",
"last_root_post": "2018-04-26T23:38:12",
"last_vote_time": "2018-04-27T15:35:12",
"post_bandwidth": 0,
"pending_claimed_accounts": 0,
"vesting_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"reputation": 174193007,
"transfer_history": [],
"market_history": [],
"post_history": [],
"vote_history": [],
"other_history": [],
"witness_votes": [],
"tags_usage": [],
"guest_bloggers": [],
"rank": 345059
}Withdraw Routes
| Incoming | Outgoing |
|---|---|
Empty | Empty |
{
"incoming": [],
"outgoing": []
}From Date
To Date
steemdelegated 4.876 SP to @crypto.series2026/05/17 22:58:24
steemdelegated 4.876 SP to @crypto.series
2026/05/17 22:58:24
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | crypto.series |
| vesting shares | 7939.897361 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #106141920/Trx 2f4262e37f4e7c38b8510fcdaa21d32744d04f06 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "2f4262e37f4e7c38b8510fcdaa21d32744d04f06",
"block": 106141920,
"trx_in_block": 1,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2026-05-17T22:58:24",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "crypto.series",
"vesting_shares": "7939.897361 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 3.210 SP to @crypto.series2026/05/11 22:45:12
steemdelegated 3.210 SP to @crypto.series
2026/05/11 22:45:12
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | crypto.series |
| vesting shares | 5227.686956 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #105969619/Trx 31b12f9e385ed52c06f2c73f94c6f6b2a1be4c32 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "31b12f9e385ed52c06f2c73f94c6f6b2a1be4c32",
"block": 105969619,
"trx_in_block": 5,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2026-05-11T22:45:12",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "crypto.series",
"vesting_shares": "5227.686956 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 4.884 SP to @crypto.series2026/04/25 22:21:21
steemdelegated 4.884 SP to @crypto.series
2026/04/25 22:21:21
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | crypto.series |
| vesting shares | 7952.413117 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #105509607/Trx df5e389dec32c65e5ea4639a8ba981959565ce10 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "df5e389dec32c65e5ea4639a8ba981959565ce10",
"block": 105509607,
"trx_in_block": 2,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2026-04-25T22:21:21",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "crypto.series",
"vesting_shares": "7952.413117 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 3.236 SP to @crypto.series2026/01/23 04:25:06
steemdelegated 3.236 SP to @crypto.series
2026/01/23 04:25:06
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | crypto.series |
| vesting shares | 5269.233775 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #102847758/Trx ae6df0577a54b7072d6dfc73b01268350ac3944e |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "ae6df0577a54b7072d6dfc73b01268350ac3944e",
"block": 102847758,
"trx_in_block": 2,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2026-01-23T04:25:06",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "crypto.series",
"vesting_shares": "5269.233775 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 3.337 SP to @crypto.series2024/12/16 23:44:09
steemdelegated 3.337 SP to @crypto.series
2024/12/16 23:44:09
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | crypto.series |
| vesting shares | 5433.452972 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #91294163/Trx 5459f941d5a5e3e6da777457e1bf27cb72b51f91 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "5459f941d5a5e3e6da777457e1bf27cb72b51f91",
"block": 91294163,
"trx_in_block": 2,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2024-12-16T23:44:09",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "crypto.series",
"vesting_shares": "5433.452972 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 3.441 SP to @crypto.series2023/11/13 15:28:36
steemdelegated 3.441 SP to @crypto.series
2023/11/13 15:28:36
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | crypto.series |
| vesting shares | 5602.586504 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #79848408/Trx 992787037788167d4bbeb9d0c1f15ed491cde344 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "992787037788167d4bbeb9d0c1f15ed491cde344",
"block": 79848408,
"trx_in_block": 3,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2023-11-13T15:28:36",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "crypto.series",
"vesting_shares": "5602.586504 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 5.244 SP to @crypto.series2023/09/21 20:20:24
steemdelegated 5.244 SP to @crypto.series
2023/09/21 20:20:24
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | crypto.series |
| vesting shares | 8539.865290 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #78346049/Trx d21cca2f3cb20ab4bb729b2ddf46b6dfb396c2bd |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "d21cca2f3cb20ab4bb729b2ddf46b6dfb396c2bd",
"block": 78346049,
"trx_in_block": 1,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2023-09-21T20:20:24",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "crypto.series",
"vesting_shares": "8539.865290 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 5.380 SP to @crypto.series2022/11/03 10:18:39
steemdelegated 5.380 SP to @crypto.series
2022/11/03 10:18:39
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | crypto.series |
| vesting shares | 8761.546728 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #69111600/Trx 6bf62dc7a039f6a3da87c0c3e0a83d22af21e5b0 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "6bf62dc7a039f6a3da87c0c3e0a83d22af21e5b0",
"block": 69111600,
"trx_in_block": 5,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2022-11-03T10:18:39",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "crypto.series",
"vesting_shares": "8761.546728 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 5.516 SP to @crypto.series2022/01/17 09:41:21
steemdelegated 5.516 SP to @crypto.series
2022/01/17 09:41:21
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | crypto.series |
| vesting shares | 8982.079959 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #60807901/Trx cb6c5b3109435eafd3a94972981743b2ec40fab6 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "cb6c5b3109435eafd3a94972981743b2ec40fab6",
"block": 60807901,
"trx_in_block": 10,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2022-01-17T09:41:21",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "crypto.series",
"vesting_shares": "8982.079959 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 5.629 SP to @crypto.series2021/06/13 23:39:27
steemdelegated 5.629 SP to @crypto.series
2021/06/13 23:39:27
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | crypto.series |
| vesting shares | 9165.848617 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #54606350/Trx 4b969c3fdb13250c78b9b6bd89d15f3ff3a53d4e |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "4b969c3fdb13250c78b9b6bd89d15f3ff3a53d4e",
"block": 54606350,
"trx_in_block": 1,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2021-06-13T23:39:27",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "crypto.series",
"vesting_shares": "9165.848617 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 5.744 SP to @crypto.series2020/12/11 10:00:06
steemdelegated 5.744 SP to @crypto.series
2020/12/11 10:00:06
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | crypto.series |
| vesting shares | 9353.270591 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #49353856/Trx ae2023a748b7e1256a11fd6c4efe471701ceb8e3 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "ae2023a748b7e1256a11fd6c4efe471701ceb8e3",
"block": 49353856,
"trx_in_block": 6,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-12-11T10:00:06",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "crypto.series",
"vesting_shares": "9353.270591 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 1.174 SP to @crypto.series2020/12/06 03:37:15
steemdelegated 1.174 SP to @crypto.series
2020/12/06 03:37:15
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | crypto.series |
| vesting shares | 1912.543513 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #49205420/Trx 7c847613d36aadb6b65071d2eddc0fd678593bc5 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "7c847613d36aadb6b65071d2eddc0fd678593bc5",
"block": 49205420,
"trx_in_block": 0,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-12-06T03:37:15",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "crypto.series",
"vesting_shares": "1912.543513 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 5.748 SP to @crypto.series2020/12/05 11:34:30
steemdelegated 5.748 SP to @crypto.series
2020/12/05 11:34:30
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | crypto.series |
| vesting shares | 9359.637230 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #49186529/Trx 8c81a40c632b1252300c2cd4c97cd742850813bf |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "8c81a40c632b1252300c2cd4c97cd742850813bf",
"block": 49186529,
"trx_in_block": 3,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-12-05T11:34:30",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "crypto.series",
"vesting_shares": "9359.637230 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 1.179 SP to @crypto.series2020/11/02 13:08:36
steemdelegated 1.179 SP to @crypto.series
2020/11/02 13:08:36
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | crypto.series |
| vesting shares | 1920.017158 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #48254866/Trx ad7c30774b85ac35df6cb424d67589773e8fd318 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "ad7c30774b85ac35df6cb424d67589773e8fd318",
"block": 48254866,
"trx_in_block": 0,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-11-02T13:08:36",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "crypto.series",
"vesting_shares": "1920.017158 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 5.872 SP to @crypto.series2020/05/09 04:33:30
steemdelegated 5.872 SP to @crypto.series
2020/05/09 04:33:30
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | crypto.series |
| vesting shares | 9562.283804 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #43215655/Trx 653c9ac22366e7643dd5ce5b36ce1d9aacf13af0 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "653c9ac22366e7643dd5ce5b36ce1d9aacf13af0",
"block": 43215655,
"trx_in_block": 4,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-05-09T04:33:30",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "crypto.series",
"vesting_shares": "9562.283804 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 1.200 SP to @crypto.series2020/05/08 07:59:24
steemdelegated 1.200 SP to @crypto.series
2020/05/08 07:59:24
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | crypto.series |
| vesting shares | 1953.311140 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #43191548/Trx e408dfca0e85eda11345cfeedcac93367184bbe4 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "e408dfca0e85eda11345cfeedcac93367184bbe4",
"block": 43191548,
"trx_in_block": 29,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-05-08T07:59:24",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "crypto.series",
"vesting_shares": "1953.311140 VESTS"
}
]
}steemdelegated 5.976 SP to @crypto.series2019/07/20 00:10:57
steemdelegated 5.976 SP to @crypto.series
2019/07/20 00:10:57
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | crypto.series |
| vesting shares | 9730.969577 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #34812670/Trx a107ea4f3abce634bd7c9fa480e65fa99792563b |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "a107ea4f3abce634bd7c9fa480e65fa99792563b",
"block": 34812670,
"trx_in_block": 13,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2019-07-20T00:10:57",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "crypto.series",
"vesting_shares": "9730.969577 VESTS"
}
]
}2019/04/20 11:56:00
2019/04/20 11:56:00
| parent author | crypto.series |
| parent permlink | moral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not |
| author | steemitboard |
| permlink | steemitboard-notify-cryptoseries-20190420t115559000z |
| title | |
| body | Congratulations @crypto.series! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@crypto.series/birthday1.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 1 year!</td></tr></table> <sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@crypto.series) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](http://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=crypto.series)_</sub> ###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes! |
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}steemdelegated 6.098 SP to @crypto.series2018/08/01 10:14:51
steemdelegated 6.098 SP to @crypto.series
2018/08/01 10:14:51
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | crypto.series |
| vesting shares | 9929.704003 VESTS |
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}2018/05/29 22:21:24
2018/05/29 22:21:24
| parent author | crypto.series |
| parent permlink | re-harpooninvestor-re-cryptoseries-moral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not-20180427t070404990z |
| author | harpooninvestor |
| permlink | re-cryptoseries-re-harpooninvestor-re-cryptoseries-moral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not-20180529t222124269z |
| title | |
| body | No, while you wrote a proper article-- no beef with that-- we think the content is irrelevant. To believe in all this Financial Who-sis-What-sis Stuff, you have to ALSO believe you have a fix which will prevent financial fraud. We've never seen a fix, no matter how many governmental watch-agencies you throw at it. In stocks, the SEC is a joke. At BEST, you try to research your broker to see if your investing incentives align with their money-making incentives. But at the end of the day, YOU are in control, and YOU are responsible. To let people think they can be coddled by a stranger bc of some legalese laws or jargon, is just more obfuscation. |
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}crypto.seriesreceived 0.021 SP author reward for @crypto.series / moral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not2018/05/03 23:38:12
crypto.seriesreceived 0.021 SP author reward for @crypto.series / moral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not
2018/05/03 23:38:12
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| permlink | moral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not |
| sbd payout | 0.000 SBD |
| steem payout | 0.000 STEEM |
| vesting payout | 34.615619 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #22119537/Virtual Operation #2 |
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}2018/05/02 08:36:51
2018/05/02 08:36:51
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| parent permlink | re-cryptoseries-moral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not-20180427t001800071z |
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| permlink | re-harpooninvestor-re-cryptoseries-moral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not-20180427t070404990z |
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| body | @@ -430,19 +430,16 @@ mediary -is not only @@ -439,16 +439,19 @@ ot only +is qualifie |
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}2018/05/01 20:08:39
2018/05/01 20:08:39
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| author | crypto.series |
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}crypto.seriespublished a new post: moral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not2018/05/01 20:08:27
crypto.seriespublished a new post: moral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not
2018/05/01 20:08:27
| parent author | |
| parent permlink | cryptocurrency |
| author | crypto.series |
| permlink | moral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not |
| title | Moral hazard. An adviser or a salesman - should you trust him and why not? |
| body | In mathematics, before we start to talk about anything, solving or discussing any problem – we define key concepts related to the problem being addressed, so we are actually on the same page. Due to that, to begin our considerations related to moral hazard, risk transfer and trust, we will define following key concepts: Moral hazard - the thesis claiming that the subject protected from risk may behave differently than if he were fully exposed to risk. For example, an insured person may behave more risky compared to a situation where she or he would not have insurance. Moral gambling is growing because individuals and institutions do not bear the consequences of their actions and therefore tend to be less cautious than they would be if they were to suffer full effects. Information asymmetry - a situation in which one of the parties of the transaction has more information from the other side. The scope of information available to the parties making the transaction is therefore diversified. For example: if A is trying to sell a car, which doesn’t work properly, to B, but only A knows that the car is broken. Risk (understood as a threat and an opportunity) - the possibility of obtaining a result that differs from the expected one (it may differs in advantageous or disadvantageous). A financial intermediary – a person who should have an adequate knowledge about the offered financial products and skills in the broadly understood finances (including financial mathematics) that will allow the intermediary to select an the optimal product for a specific client (in theory it is a product that provides the client with maximum usability). (VERY IMPORTANT!) The situation in which the intermediary can’t be objective, or what is much worse, has a conflict of interests with his clients is unacceptable. However these situations occurs due to intermediaries remuneration system based on commissions. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________  The scale of unethical behavior of financial intermediaries that emerge from the phenomenon of moral hazard is difficult to estimate. Nevertheless, the fact is that many press articles can be pointed out, which give examples of sales by financial intermediaries of financial products that are not adequate to the client's needs, or even harmful and extremely risky products for the client. The best evidence of that the clients financial intermediaries are victims of moral hazard are groups of people who organized in order to file a class action lawsuit, claiming that they were harmed when buying the recommended financial product. In their opinion, they did not obtain important, or sometimes crucial information about the product (e.g. that the profit after the end of the long-term contract may be symbolic) or even obtained false information (e.g. about the conditions for early termination of the contract) from the intermediaries, who were supposed to not only provide the clients with all essential guidance, but also explain it in a simple, understandable way (not necessarily using financial jargon, which is fully understood only by a few). Today we are going to try to find the answer for two questions given: 1) How is it possible for the creditors (banks) and for financial intermediaries to transfer all the risk on their clients (the debtors)?; 2) What does the moral hazard has to do with cryptocurrencies and how should you protect yourself? Ad. 1 How is it possible for the creditors (banks) and for financial intermediaries to transfer all the risk on their clients (the debtors)? I've been working in banks and loan companies for few years and it took me a while to see how greedy, rutheless and calculated it all is. In the end, if banks do not get too greedy to get blind, it is possible for banks to transfer all risk to their clients. Obviously, financial intermediaries are probably not fully aware of that, but they usually do not really care, since they got their comission, which in most cases is all they care about. Financial intermediary, in the following case, is just a party, a seller, who were supposed to deliver the client to the bank and convice the client, by gaining the clients trust, that he has got the best offer possible delivered on the silver platter. So, how come that the creditor can make a great, profitable transaction, without risk of losing some of his money? To answer that we will have to take a look on how the risk is measured and how it is possible for the bank to have the estimated loss close to 0, while for the client it is relatively high? To answer that we will have to take a look on how the risk is actually measured. Let L be a random variable, which represents the Loss. The expected value of a random variable L can be given by following equation: E(L)=PD x EAD x LGD Where E(L), PD, EAD, LGD are: E(L) – Expected Loss PD – Probability of Default, describing the likelihood of a default over a particular time horizon. It provides an estimate of the likelihood that a borrower will be unable to meet its debt obligations; EAD – Exposure at Default can be defined as the gross exposure under a facility upon default of an obligor; LGD - Loss Given Default LGD=1-RR RR – Recovery Rate, Recovery rate is the extent to which principal and accrued interest on defaulted debt can be recovered, expressed as a percentage of face value. The recovery rate can also be defined as the value of a security when it emerges from default. The recovery rate enables an estimate to be made of the loss that would arise in the event of default, which is calculated as (1 - Recovery Rate). The higher E(L) the higher is the risk associated with the particular loan and the particular client. An example: Let’s imagine that we are a bank, a creditor. Let’s also assume that there is a client who has a collateral, which is a house, and this house has no mortgage. Let’s assume that the client wants to borrow $100 000,00: To evaluate the expected loss we have to estimate following variables: PD, EAD and LGD (or RR, since LGD=1-RR). Let’s assume that we have built proper models using logistic regression and decision trees, and we have estimated following values: Probability of Default: 95%, which means, that in 95 out of 100 cases the client will default at the certain time (usually 12 months); Exposure at Default: $90 000, which means, that when the client defaults, he still most likely owe us 90% of the amount we lent him. So now, our estimated loss is given by: [$] E(L)=0,95 x 90000 x LGD Basically, so far, this deal doesn’t make any sense to make for us. It’s way too risky and will generate high losses in the long run, right? And for us long run is the only thing that matters. However, let’s assume that the client’s house is worth $500 000 and is considered to be a liquid asset. Now, the LTV Ratio (Loan to Value Ratio) is quite low and is equal to 0.2, which is great for us. It means that in case of the event of default occurring the Recovery Rate is close to 1, or equals 1. This is because the collateral is not only liquid, but the LTV is low enough to cover not only the loan, but also the penalty interests and side costs. In connection with the above considerations, if RR is going to 1, we’ve got:  and also  As we can see, despite the fact, that the client will most likely not be able to pay his debt, and what is more, will probably default very quickly, the estimated loss, which matters the most, is going to 0. Will we take this deal and give credit to this client? Since the estimated loss is going to 0, it is obviously a profitable for us, so yes. How about the client? Will he take the loan we are going to offer him? Probably yes. Is it a good deal for him? Most likely not. Why does he take the loan, when the Probability of Default and the chance of him being forced to sell his house in order to pay the debt is so high? Does he even know what his Probability of Default is? He most likely doesn’t, and he won’t know that from us nor from the financial intermediary. This is what is called an information asymmetry. One may ask: why would he take the loan if he knows that he is most likely not going to be able to pay it back in time? Well, first of all, he wishes he will be able to, and what is more, he definitely more appreciates current consumption than future liabilities. This is related to the so-called perspective theory, which we will be discussing in subsequent articles. Ad.2 What does the moral hazard has to do with cryptocurrencies?  Once I realized what financial advisers and financial intermediary are capable of in order to achive their goals, mostly financial goals, I have no doubt whatsoever what most of the people, often kids, who give their viewers not official investment advices on their youtube channels actually have in mind. I wanted to make sure you are aware of that and make you think about that who these people actually are. Most of the people who talk about making all this easy money, "lambos", promoting financial pyramids such as "Bitconnect", are most likely not trustworthy. Be smart. Hope you enjoyed it. Thank you for reading. |
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"title": "Moral hazard. An adviser or a salesman - should you trust him and why not?",
"body": "In mathematics, before we start to talk about anything, solving or discussing any problem – we define key concepts related to the problem being addressed, so we are actually on the same page.\n\nDue to that, to begin our considerations related to moral hazard, risk transfer and trust, we will define following key concepts:\n\nMoral hazard - the thesis claiming that the subject protected from risk may behave differently than if he were fully exposed to risk. For example, an insured person may behave more risky compared to a situation where she or he would not have insurance. Moral gambling is growing because individuals and institutions do not bear the consequences of their actions and therefore tend to be less cautious than they would be if they were to suffer full effects.\n\nInformation asymmetry - a situation in which one of the parties of the transaction has more information from the other side. The scope of information available to the parties making the transaction is therefore diversified. For example: if A is trying to sell a car, which doesn’t work properly, to B, but only A knows that the car is broken.\n\nRisk (understood as a threat and an opportunity) - the possibility of obtaining a result that differs from the expected one (it may differs in advantageous or disadvantageous). \n\nA financial intermediary – a person who should have an adequate knowledge about the offered financial products and skills in the broadly understood finances (including financial mathematics) that will allow the intermediary to select an the optimal product for a specific client (in theory it is a product that provides the client with maximum usability). (VERY IMPORTANT!) The situation in which the intermediary can’t be objective, or what is much worse, has a conflict of interests with his clients is unacceptable. However these situations occurs due to intermediaries remuneration system based on commissions.\n\n___________________________________________________________________________________________________\n___________________________________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n\nThe scale of unethical behavior of financial intermediaries that emerge from the phenomenon of moral hazard is difficult to estimate. Nevertheless, the fact is that many press articles can be pointed out, which give examples of sales by financial intermediaries of financial products that are not adequate to the client's needs, or even harmful and extremely risky products for the client.\n\nThe best evidence of that the clients financial intermediaries are victims of moral hazard are groups of people who organized in order to file a class action lawsuit, claiming that they were harmed when buying the recommended financial product. In their opinion, they did not obtain important, or sometimes crucial information about the product (e.g. that the profit after the end of the long-term contract may be symbolic) or even obtained false information (e.g. about the conditions for early termination of the contract) from the intermediaries, who were supposed to not only provide the clients with all essential guidance, but also explain it in a simple, understandable way (not necessarily using financial jargon, which is fully understood only by a few). \n\nToday we are going to try to find the answer for two questions given:\n\n1) How is it possible for the creditors (banks) and for financial intermediaries to transfer all the risk on their clients (the debtors)?;\n\n2) What does the moral hazard has to do with cryptocurrencies and how should you protect yourself?\n\nAd. 1 How is it possible for the creditors (banks) and for financial intermediaries to transfer all the risk on their clients (the debtors)?\n\nI've been working in banks and loan companies for few years and it took me a while to see how greedy, rutheless and calculated it all is. In the end, if banks do not get too greedy to get blind, it is possible for banks to transfer all risk to their clients. Obviously, financial intermediaries are probably not fully aware of that, but they usually do not really care, since they got their comission, which in most cases is all they care about. Financial intermediary, in the following case, is just a party, a seller, who were supposed to deliver the client to the bank and convice the client, by gaining the clients trust, that he has got the best offer possible delivered on the silver platter. \n\nSo, how come that the creditor can make a great, profitable transaction, without risk of losing some of his money? \nTo answer that we will have to take a look on how the risk is measured and how it is possible for the bank to have the estimated loss close to 0, while for the client it is relatively high?\n\nTo answer that we will have to take a look on how the risk is actually measured.\n\nLet L be a random variable, which represents the Loss. The expected value of a random variable L can be given by following equation:\n\nE(L)=PD x EAD x LGD\n\nWhere E(L), PD, EAD, LGD are:\n\nE(L) – Expected Loss\n\nPD – Probability of Default, describing the likelihood of a default over a particular time horizon. It provides an estimate of the likelihood that a borrower will be unable to meet its debt obligations;\n\nEAD – Exposure at Default can be defined as the gross exposure under a facility upon default of an obligor;\n\nLGD - Loss Given Default\n\nLGD=1-RR \n\nRR – Recovery Rate, Recovery rate is the extent to which principal and accrued interest on defaulted debt can be recovered, expressed as a percentage of face value. The recovery rate can also be defined as the value of a security when it emerges from default. The recovery rate enables an estimate to be made of the loss that would arise in the event of default, which is calculated as (1 - Recovery Rate). \n\nThe higher E(L) the higher is the risk associated with the particular loan and the particular client.\n\nAn example:\n\nLet’s imagine that we are a bank, a creditor. Let’s also assume that there is a client who has a collateral, which is a house, and this house has no mortgage. Let’s assume that the client wants to borrow $100 000,00:\n\nTo evaluate the expected loss we have to estimate following variables: PD, EAD and LGD (or RR, since LGD=1-RR).\nLet’s assume that we have built proper models using logistic regression and decision trees, and we have estimated following values: \n\nProbability of Default: 95%, which means, that in 95 out of 100 cases the client will default at the certain time (usually 12 months);\n\nExposure at Default: $90 000, which means, that when the client defaults, he still most likely owe us 90% of the amount we lent him.\n\nSo now, our estimated loss is given by:\n\n[$] E(L)=0,95 x 90000 x LGD\n\nBasically, so far, this deal doesn’t make any sense to make for us. It’s way too risky and will generate high losses in the long run, right? And for us long run is the only thing that matters.\n\nHowever, let’s assume that the client’s house is worth $500 000 and is considered to be a liquid asset. \n\nNow, the LTV Ratio (Loan to Value Ratio) is quite low and is equal to 0.2, which is great for us. It means that in case of the event of default occurring the Recovery Rate is close to 1, or equals 1.\n\nThis is because the collateral is not only liquid, but the LTV is low enough to cover not only the loan, but also the penalty interests and side costs.\n\nIn connection with the above considerations, if RR is going to 1, we’ve got:\n\n\n\nand also\n\n\n\nAs we can see, despite the fact, that the client will most likely not be able to pay his debt, and what is more, will probably default very quickly, the estimated loss, which matters the most, is going to 0. Will we take this deal and give credit to this client? Since the estimated loss is going to 0, it is obviously a profitable for us, so yes. \n\nHow about the client? Will he take the loan we are going to offer him? \n\nProbably yes. \n\nIs it a good deal for him? Most likely not.\n\nWhy does he take the loan, when the Probability of Default and the chance of him being forced to sell his house in order to pay the debt is so high? Does he even know what his Probability of Default is? He most likely doesn’t, and he won’t know that from us nor from the financial intermediary. This is what is called an information asymmetry.\n\nOne may ask: why would he take the loan if he knows that he is most likely not going to be able to pay it back in time? Well, first of all, he wishes he will be able to, and what is more, he definitely more appreciates current consumption than future liabilities. This is related to the so-called perspective theory, which we will be discussing in subsequent articles.\n\nAd.2 What does the moral hazard has to do with cryptocurrencies?\n\n\n\n\nOnce I realized what financial advisers and financial intermediary are capable of in order to achive their goals, mostly financial goals, I have no doubt whatsoever what most of the people, often kids, who give their viewers not official investment advices on their youtube channels actually have in mind. I wanted to make sure you are aware of that and make you think about that who these people actually are. Most of the people who talk about making all this easy money, \"lambos\", promoting financial pyramids such as \"Bitconnect\", are most likely not trustworthy.\n\nBe smart.\n\nHope you enjoyed it. Thank you for reading.",
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2018/04/30 12:48:30
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2018/04/27 15:35:21
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2018/04/27 15:35:12
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2018/04/27 08:02:00
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}crypto.seriespublished a new post: moral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not2018/04/27 07:06:03
crypto.seriespublished a new post: moral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not
2018/04/27 07:06:03
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| title | Moral hazard. An adviser or a seller - should you trust him and why not? |
| body | @@ -9655,36 +9655,8 @@ t.%0A%0A -I typed it because I care.%0A%0A Hope |
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crypto.seriespublished a new post: moral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not
2018/04/27 07:05:27
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| title | Moral hazard. An adviser or a seller - should you trust him and why not? |
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2018/04/27 07:04:09
| parent author | harpooninvestor |
| parent permlink | re-cryptoseries-moral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not-20180427t001800071z |
| author | crypto.series |
| permlink | re-harpooninvestor-re-cryptoseries-moral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not-20180427t070404990z |
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| body | Thank you for your comment, but I don't think i can agree with you, and I will tell you why: 1. When we talk about trust we talk about a knowledge or a faith, a belief that someone's actions will be accordance with our wishes. And you are right, when it comes to financial intermediaries it is often about TRUST based on faith and believes, because their clients are usually not educated enough to be able to verify if the intermediary is not only qualified enough, but also honest with them. The clients are in most cases not capable of veryfing that, because they are not only educated enough (and yes, in my opinion, they should be and), but also often do not have enough time to make their research in order to verify the given informations. 2. I believe that the greatest enemy of knowledge is not ignorance, but the illusion of knowledge, and due to that I believe that people who are not educated enough and not qualified enough (just like many of youtubers) SHOULD NOT try to form opinion of others. You are probably fully aware of its implications. In my opinion, because of that, the world becomes bigger and bigger mess, instead of better and better place. 3. We were not talking about my own mistakes and I can't see how you deduced that. By the way, did you find the article interesting overall? |
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"body": "Thank you for your comment, but I don't think i can agree with you, and I will tell you why:\n\n1. When we talk about trust we talk about a knowledge or a faith, a belief that someone's actions will be accordance with our wishes. And you are right, when it comes to financial intermediaries it is often about TRUST based on faith and believes, because their clients are usually not educated enough to be able to verify if the intermediary is not only qualified enough, but also honest with them. The clients are in most cases not capable of veryfing that, because they are not only educated enough (and yes, in my opinion, they should be and), but also often do not have enough time to make their research in order to verify the given informations. \n\n2. I believe that the greatest enemy of knowledge is not ignorance, but the illusion of knowledge, and due to that I believe that people who are not educated enough and not qualified enough (just like many of youtubers) SHOULD NOT try to form opinion of others. You are probably fully aware of its implications. In my opinion, because of that, the world becomes bigger and bigger mess, instead of better and better place.\n\n3. We were not talking about my own mistakes and I can't see how you deduced that.\n\nBy the way, did you find the article interesting overall?",
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2018/04/27 00:18:00
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| permlink | re-cryptoseries-moral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not-20180427t001800071z |
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| body | The better way to look at it, is to forget ALL of these definitions which are silly legal-ese, and just do what makes sense to you. YOU know if you've put in the time to understand something, and YOU know when you're trying to make money too fast and just trusting without verification. So YOU are ALWAYS to blame or credit when deploying YOUR money. Stop suing everyone for your own mistakes in life, and the world becomes a better more efficient place. Trust those who earn your trust, it's as simple as that. No definitions required, just meeting people and getting a feel for whether they are full of shit or not. |
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2018/04/26 23:38:18
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}crypto.seriespublished a new post: moral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not2018/04/26 23:38:12
crypto.seriespublished a new post: moral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not
2018/04/26 23:38:12
| parent author | |
| parent permlink | cryptocurrency |
| author | crypto.series |
| permlink | moral-hazard-an-adviser-or-a-seller-should-you-trust-him-and-why-not |
| title | Moral hazard. An adviser or a seller - should you trust him and why not? |
| body | In mathematics, before we start to talk about anything, solving or discussing any problem – we define key concepts related to the problem being addressed, so we are actually on the same page. Due to that, to begin our considerations related to moral hazard, risk transfer and trust, we will define following key concepts: Moral hazard - the thesis claiming that the subject protected from risk may behave differently than if he were fully exposed to risk. For example, an insured person may behave more risky compared to a situation where she or he would not have insurance. Moral gambling is growing because individuals and institutions do not bear the consequences of their actions and therefore tend to be less cautious than they would be if they were to suffer full effects. Information asymmetry - a situation in which one of the parties of the transaction has more information from the other side. The scope of information available to the parties making the transaction is therefore diversified. For example: if A is trying to sell a car, which doesn’t work properly, to B, but only A knows that the car is broken. Risk (understood as a threat and an opportunity) - the possibility of obtaining a result that differs from the expected one (it may differs in advantageous or disadvantageous). A financial intermediary – a person who should have an adequate knowledge about the offered financial products and skills in the broadly understood finances (including financial mathematics) that will allow the intermediary to select an the optimal product for a specific client (in theory it is a product that provides the client with maximum usability). (VERY IMPORTANT!) The situation in which the intermediary can’t be objective, or what is much worse, has a conflict of interests with his clients is unacceptable. However these situations occurs due to intermediaries remuneration system based on commissions. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________  The scale of unethical behavior of financial intermediaries that emerge from the phenomenon of moral hazard is difficult to estimate. Nevertheless, the fact is that many press articles can be pointed out, which give examples of sales by financial intermediaries of financial products that are not adequate to the client's needs, or even harmful and extremely risky products for the client. The best evidence of that the clients financial intermediaries are victims of moral hazard are groups of people who organized in order to file a class action lawsuit, claiming that they were harmed when buying the recommended financial product. In their opinion, they did not obtain important, or sometimes crucial information about the product (e.g. that the profit after the end of the long-term contract may be symbolic) or even obtained false information (e.g. about the conditions for early termination of the contract) from the intermediaries, who were supposed to not only provide the clients with all essential guidance, but also explain it in a simple, understandable way (not necessarily using financial jargon, which is fully understood only by a few). Today we are going to try to find the answer for two questions given: 1) How is it possible for the creditors (banks) and for financial intermediaries to transfer all the risk on their clients (the debtors)?; 2) What does the moral hazard has to do with cryptocurrencies and how should you protect yourself? Ad. 1 How is it possible for the creditors (banks) and for financial intermediaries to transfer all the risk on their clients (the debtors)? I've been working in banks and loan companies for few years and it took me a while to see how greedy, rutheless and calculated it all is. In the end, if banks do not get too greedy to get blind, it is possible for banks to transfer all risk to their clients. Obviously, financial intermediaries are probably not fully aware of that, but they usually do not really care, since they got their comission, which in most cases is all they care about. Financial intermediary, in the following case, is just a party, a seller, who were supposed to deliver the client to the bank and convice the client, by gaining the clients trust, that he has got the best offer possible delivered on the silver platter. So, how come that the creditor can make a great, profitable transaction, without risk of losing some of his money? To answer that we will have to take a look on how the risk is measured and how it is possible for the bank to have the estimated loss close to 0, while for the client it is relatively high? To answer that we will have to take a look on how the risk is actually measured. Let L be a random variable, which is represents the Loss. The expected value of a random variable L can be given by following equation: E(L)=PD x EAD x LGD Where E(L), PD, EAD, LGD are: E(L) – Expected Loss PD – Probability of Default, describing the likelihood of a default over a particular time horizon. It provides an estimate of the likelihood that a borrower will be unable to meet its debt obligations; EAD – Exposure at Default can be defined as the gross exposure under a facility upon default of an obligor; LGD - Loss Given Default LGD=1-RR RR – Recovery Rate, Recovery rate is the extent to which principal and accrued interest on defaulted debt can be recovered, expressed as a percentage of face value. The recovery rate can also be defined as the value of a security when it emerges from default. The recovery rate enables an estimate to be made of the loss that would arise in the event of default, which is calculated as (1 - Recovery Rate). The higher E(L) the higher is the risk associated with the particular loan and the particular client. An example: Let’s imagine that we are a bank, a creditor. Let’s also assume that there is a client who has a collateral, which is a house, and this house has no mortgage. Let’s assume that the client wants to borrow $100 000,00: To evaluate the expected loss we have to estimate following variables: PD, EAD and LGD (or RR, since LGD=1-RR). Let’s assume that we have built proper models using logistic regression and decision trees, and we have estimated following values: Probability of Default: 95%, which means, that in 95 out of 100 cases the client will default at the certain time (usually 12 months); Exposure at Default: $90 000, which means, that when the client defaults, he still most likely owe us 90% of the amount we lent him. So now, our estimated loss is given by: [$] E(L)=0,95 x 90000 x LGD Basically, so far, this deal doesn’t make any sense to make for us. It’s way too risky and will generate high losses in the long run, right? And for us long run is the only thing that matters. However, let’s assume that the client’s house is worth $500 000 and is considered to be a liquid asset. Now, the LTV Ratio (Loan to Value Ratio) is quite low and is equal to 0.2, which is great for us. It means that in case of the event of default occurring the Recovery Rate is close to 1, or equals 1. This is because the collateral is not only liquid, but the LTV is low enough to cover not only the loan, but also the penalty interests and side costs. In connection with the above considerations, if RR is going to 1, we’ve got:  and also  As we can see, despite the fact, that the client will most likely not be able to pay his debt, and what is more, will probably default very quickly, the estimated loss, which matters the most, is going to 0. Will we take this deal and give credit to this client? Since the estimated loss is going to 0, it is obviously a profitable for us, so yes. How about the client? Will he take the loan we are going to offer him? Probably yes. Is it a good deal for him? Most likely not. Why does he take the loan, when the Probability of Default and the chance of him being forced to sell his house in order to pay the debt is so high? Does he even know what his Probability of Default is? He most likely doesn’t, and he won’t know that from us nor from the financial intermediary. This is what is called an information asymmetry. One may ask: why would he take the loan if he knows that he is most likely not going to be able to pay it back in time? Well, first of all, he wishes he will be able to, and what is more, he definitely more appreciates current consumption than future liabilities. This is related to the so-called perspective theory, which we will be discussing in subsequent articles. Ad.2 What does the moral hazard has to do with cryptocurrencies?  Once I realized what financial advisers and financial intermediary are capable of in order to achive their goals, mostly financial goals, I have no doubt whatsoever what most of the people, often kids, who give their viewers not official investment advices on their youtube channels actually have in mind. I wanted to make sure you are aware of that and make you think about that who these people actually are. Most of the people who talk about making all this easy money, "lambos", promoting financial pyramids such as "Bitconnect", are most likely not trustworthy. Be smart. I typed it because I care. Hope you enjoyed it. Thank you for reading. |
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"title": "Moral hazard. An adviser or a seller - should you trust him and why not?",
"body": "In mathematics, before we start to talk about anything, solving or discussing any problem – we define key concepts related to the problem being addressed, so we are actually on the same page.\n\nDue to that, to begin our considerations related to moral hazard, risk transfer and trust, we will define following key concepts:\n\nMoral hazard - the thesis claiming that the subject protected from risk may behave differently than if he were fully exposed to risk. For example, an insured person may behave more risky compared to a situation where she or he would not have insurance. Moral gambling is growing because individuals and institutions do not bear the consequences of their actions and therefore tend to be less cautious than they would be if they were to suffer full effects.\n\nInformation asymmetry - a situation in which one of the parties of the transaction has more information from the other side. The scope of information available to the parties making the transaction is therefore diversified. For example: if A is trying to sell a car, which doesn’t work properly, to B, but only A knows that the car is broken.\n\nRisk (understood as a threat and an opportunity) - the possibility of obtaining a result that differs from the expected one (it may differs in advantageous or disadvantageous). \n\nA financial intermediary – a person who should have an adequate knowledge about the offered financial products and skills in the broadly understood finances (including financial mathematics) that will allow the intermediary to select an the optimal product for a specific client (in theory it is a product that provides the client with maximum usability). (VERY IMPORTANT!) The situation in which the intermediary can’t be objective, or what is much worse, has a conflict of interests with his clients is unacceptable. However these situations occurs due to intermediaries remuneration system based on commissions.\n\n___________________________________________________________________________________________________\n___________________________________________________________________________________________________\n\n\n\nThe scale of unethical behavior of financial intermediaries that emerge from the phenomenon of moral hazard is difficult to estimate. Nevertheless, the fact is that many press articles can be pointed out, which give examples of sales by financial intermediaries of financial products that are not adequate to the client's needs, or even harmful and extremely risky products for the client.\n\nThe best evidence of that the clients financial intermediaries are victims of moral hazard are groups of people who organized in order to file a class action lawsuit, claiming that they were harmed when buying the recommended financial product. In their opinion, they did not obtain important, or sometimes crucial information about the product (e.g. that the profit after the end of the long-term contract may be symbolic) or even obtained false information (e.g. about the conditions for early termination of the contract) from the intermediaries, who were supposed to not only provide the clients with all essential guidance, but also explain it in a simple, understandable way (not necessarily using financial jargon, which is fully understood only by a few). \n\nToday we are going to try to find the answer for two questions given:\n\n1) How is it possible for the creditors (banks) and for financial intermediaries to transfer all the risk on their clients (the debtors)?;\n\n2) What does the moral hazard has to do with cryptocurrencies and how should you protect yourself?\n\nAd. 1 How is it possible for the creditors (banks) and for financial intermediaries to transfer all the risk on their clients (the debtors)?\n\nI've been working in banks and loan companies for few years and it took me a while to see how greedy, rutheless and calculated it all is. In the end, if banks do not get too greedy to get blind, it is possible for banks to transfer all risk to their clients. Obviously, financial intermediaries are probably not fully aware of that, but they usually do not really care, since they got their comission, which in most cases is all they care about. Financial intermediary, in the following case, is just a party, a seller, who were supposed to deliver the client to the bank and convice the client, by gaining the clients trust, that he has got the best offer possible delivered on the silver platter. \n\nSo, how come that the creditor can make a great, profitable transaction, without risk of losing some of his money? \nTo answer that we will have to take a look on how the risk is measured and how it is possible for the bank to have the estimated loss close to 0, while for the client it is relatively high?\n\nTo answer that we will have to take a look on how the risk is actually measured.\n\nLet L be a random variable, which is represents the Loss. The expected value of a random variable L can be given by following equation:\n\nE(L)=PD x EAD x LGD\n\nWhere E(L), PD, EAD, LGD are:\n\nE(L) – Expected Loss\n\nPD – Probability of Default, describing the likelihood of a default over a particular time horizon. It provides an estimate of the likelihood that a borrower will be unable to meet its debt obligations;\n\nEAD – Exposure at Default can be defined as the gross exposure under a facility upon default of an obligor;\n\nLGD - Loss Given Default\n\nLGD=1-RR \n\nRR – Recovery Rate, Recovery rate is the extent to which principal and accrued interest on defaulted debt can be recovered, expressed as a percentage of face value. The recovery rate can also be defined as the value of a security when it emerges from default. The recovery rate enables an estimate to be made of the loss that would arise in the event of default, which is calculated as (1 - Recovery Rate). \n\nThe higher E(L) the higher is the risk associated with the particular loan and the particular client.\n\nAn example:\n\nLet’s imagine that we are a bank, a creditor. Let’s also assume that there is a client who has a collateral, which is a house, and this house has no mortgage. Let’s assume that the client wants to borrow $100 000,00:\n\nTo evaluate the expected loss we have to estimate following variables: PD, EAD and LGD (or RR, since LGD=1-RR).\nLet’s assume that we have built proper models using logistic regression and decision trees, and we have estimated following values: \n\nProbability of Default: 95%, which means, that in 95 out of 100 cases the client will default at the certain time (usually 12 months);\n\nExposure at Default: $90 000, which means, that when the client defaults, he still most likely owe us 90% of the amount we lent him.\n\nSo now, our estimated loss is given by:\n\n[$] E(L)=0,95 x 90000 x LGD\n\nBasically, so far, this deal doesn’t make any sense to make for us. It’s way too risky and will generate high losses in the long run, right? And for us long run is the only thing that matters.\n\nHowever, let’s assume that the client’s house is worth $500 000 and is considered to be a liquid asset. \n\nNow, the LTV Ratio (Loan to Value Ratio) is quite low and is equal to 0.2, which is great for us. It means that in case of the event of default occurring the Recovery Rate is close to 1, or equals 1.\n\nThis is because the collateral is not only liquid, but the LTV is low enough to cover not only the loan, but also the penalty interests and side costs.\n\nIn connection with the above considerations, if RR is going to 1, we’ve got:\n\n\n\nand also\n\n\n\nAs we can see, despite the fact, that the client will most likely not be able to pay his debt, and what is more, will probably default very quickly, the estimated loss, which matters the most, is going to 0. Will we take this deal and give credit to this client? Since the estimated loss is going to 0, it is obviously a profitable for us, so yes. \n\nHow about the client? Will he take the loan we are going to offer him? \n\nProbably yes. \n\nIs it a good deal for him? Most likely not.\n\nWhy does he take the loan, when the Probability of Default and the chance of him being forced to sell his house in order to pay the debt is so high? Does he even know what his Probability of Default is? He most likely doesn’t, and he won’t know that from us nor from the financial intermediary. This is what is called an information asymmetry.\n\nOne may ask: why would he take the loan if he knows that he is most likely not going to be able to pay it back in time? Well, first of all, he wishes he will be able to, and what is more, he definitely more appreciates current consumption than future liabilities. This is related to the so-called perspective theory, which we will be discussing in subsequent articles.\n\nAd.2 What does the moral hazard has to do with cryptocurrencies?\n\n\n\n\nOnce I realized what financial advisers and financial intermediary are capable of in order to achive their goals, mostly financial goals, I have no doubt whatsoever what most of the people, often kids, who give their viewers not official investment advices on their youtube channels actually have in mind. I wanted to make sure you are aware of that and make you think about that who these people actually are. Most of the people who talk about making all this easy money, \"lambos\", promoting financial pyramids such as \"Bitconnect\", are most likely not trustworthy.\n\nBe smart.\n\nI typed it because I care.\n\nHope you enjoyed it. Thank you for reading.",
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}crypto.seriesupdated their account properties2018/04/26 15:12:15
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2018/04/26 15:12:15
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}crypto.seriesupdated their account properties2018/04/26 15:06:30
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2018/04/26 15:06:30
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}crypto.seriesupdated their account properties2018/04/26 15:05:39
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2018/04/26 15:05:39
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}crypto.seriesupdated their account properties2018/04/26 15:01:18
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2018/04/26 15:01:18
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}crypto.seriesupdated their account properties2018/04/26 15:00:24
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2018/04/26 15:00:24
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2018/04/26 14:57:00
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"json": "[\"follow\",{\"follower\":\"crypto.series\",\"following\":\"cryptoriddler\",\"what\":[\"blog\"]}]"
}
]
}crypto.seriesfollowed @themarkymark2018/04/26 14:55:30
crypto.seriesfollowed @themarkymark
2018/04/26 14:55:30
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["crypto.series"] |
| id | follow |
| json | ["follow",{"follower":"crypto.series","following":"themarkymark","what":["blog"]}] |
| Transaction Info | Block #21907539/Trx d94e556b53f0f0c424c69e53c571dcc0fa479c26 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "d94e556b53f0f0c424c69e53c571dcc0fa479c26",
"block": 21907539,
"trx_in_block": 39,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-04-26T14:55:30",
"op": [
"custom_json",
{
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"required_posting_auths": [
"crypto.series"
],
"id": "follow",
"json": "[\"follow\",{\"follower\":\"crypto.series\",\"following\":\"themarkymark\",\"what\":[\"blog\"]}]"
}
]
}crypto.seriesupdated their account properties2018/04/25 15:13:33
crypto.seriesupdated their account properties
2018/04/25 15:13:33
| account | crypto.series |
| memo key | STM8VcDkDT4fjUXWkPqVMDR2qXowztCwuQwVnuvNWhTQKdaAXvgEP |
| json metadata | {"profile":{"name":"Crypto Series","about":"A mathematician, economists and psychologist trying to explain what is going on in crypto and financial world"}} |
| Transaction Info | Block #21879113/Trx f95510c6f8c495dd980127bd72d10c18fa219440 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "f95510c6f8c495dd980127bd72d10c18fa219440",
"block": 21879113,
"trx_in_block": 36,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-04-25T15:13:33",
"op": [
"account_update",
{
"account": "crypto.series",
"memo_key": "STM8VcDkDT4fjUXWkPqVMDR2qXowztCwuQwVnuvNWhTQKdaAXvgEP",
"json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"name\":\"Crypto Series\",\"about\":\"A mathematician, economists and psychologist trying to explain what is going on in crypto and financial world\"}}"
}
]
}steemdelegated 18.644 SP to @crypto.series2018/04/20 13:08:03
steemdelegated 18.644 SP to @crypto.series
2018/04/20 13:08:03
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | crypto.series |
| vesting shares | 30360.496371 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #21733257/Trx 10f9af9bb4445480731ceeafd9ae0f5631b4bdd9 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "10f9af9bb4445480731ceeafd9ae0f5631b4bdd9",
"block": 21733257,
"trx_in_block": 69,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-04-20T13:08:03",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "crypto.series",
"vesting_shares": "30360.496371 VESTS"
}
]
}steemcreated a new account: @crypto.series2018/04/20 11:27:15
steemcreated a new account: @crypto.series
2018/04/20 11:27:15
| fee | 0.100 STEEM |
| delegation | 30690.000000 VESTS |
| creator | steem |
| new account name | crypto.series |
| owner | {"weight_threshold":1,"account_auths":[],"key_auths":[["STM7611yYYSL5x6inuD8pfDBMoe24uFNoaNx1YuC34Ktx9jwopjXc",1]]} |
| active | {"weight_threshold":1,"account_auths":[],"key_auths":[["STM8TnBuyrvBa78B3bd3jYmybYKcJUWiTLETBFnR4wBzmPi8e2vRa",1]]} |
| posting | {"weight_threshold":1,"account_auths":[],"key_auths":[["STM6uiKaQhNADiM5tLuygqLnZmDe5F4D7cwbZ4zn3k8pNogP2NvJZ",1]]} |
| memo key | STM8VcDkDT4fjUXWkPqVMDR2qXowztCwuQwVnuvNWhTQKdaAXvgEP |
| json metadata | {} |
| extensions | [] |
| Transaction Info | Block #21731241/Trx c5899ee6b960c0785eb8f45b4b48555389b07fc2 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "c5899ee6b960c0785eb8f45b4b48555389b07fc2",
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"timestamp": "2018-04-20T11:27:15",
"op": [
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{
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"creator": "steem",
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"owner": {
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1
]
]
},
"active": {
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1
]
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},
"posting": {
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1
]
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},
"memo_key": "STM8VcDkDT4fjUXWkPqVMDR2qXowztCwuQwVnuvNWhTQKdaAXvgEP",
"json_metadata": "{}",
"extensions": []
}
]
}Manabar
Voting Power100.00%
Downvote Power100.00%
Resource Credits100.00%
Reputation Progress0.00%
{
"voting_manabar": {
"current_mana": "8143659806",
"last_update_time": 1779058704
},
"downvote_manabar": {
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"last_update_time": 1779058704
},
"rc_account": {
"account": "crypto.series",
"rc_manabar": {
"current_mana": "10164408779",
"last_update_time": 1779058704
},
"max_rc_creation_adjustment": {
"amount": "2020748973",
"precision": 6,
"nai": "@@000000037"
},
"max_rc": "10164408779"
}
}Account Metadata
| POSTING JSON METADATA | |
| profile | {"name":"Crypto Series","about":"A mathematician, economists and psychologist trying to explain what is going on in crypto and financial world","cover_image":"https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTXd1j9Tw68JEpRf_UPe0hIHPnviwfPapH0zAov4GgqB8kcmpsw1A","profile_image":"http://opcjenaakcje.pl/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/gruby-ogon.png"} |
| JSON METADATA | |
| profile | {"name":"Crypto Series","about":"A mathematician, economists and psychologist trying to explain what is going on in crypto and financial world","cover_image":"https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTXd1j9Tw68JEpRf_UPe0hIHPnviwfPapH0zAov4GgqB8kcmpsw1A","profile_image":"http://opcjenaakcje.pl/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/gruby-ogon.png"} |
{
"posting_json_metadata": {
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"about": "A mathematician, economists and psychologist trying to explain what is going on in crypto and financial world",
"cover_image": "https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTXd1j9Tw68JEpRf_UPe0hIHPnviwfPapH0zAov4GgqB8kcmpsw1A",
"profile_image": "http://opcjenaakcje.pl/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/gruby-ogon.png"
}
},
"json_metadata": {
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"about": "A mathematician, economists and psychologist trying to explain what is going on in crypto and financial world",
"cover_image": "https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTXd1j9Tw68JEpRf_UPe0hIHPnviwfPapH0zAov4GgqB8kcmpsw1A",
"profile_image": "http://opcjenaakcje.pl/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/gruby-ogon.png"
}
}
}Auth Keys
Owner
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM7611yYYSL5x6inuD8pfDBMoe24uFNoaNx1YuC34Ktx9jwopjXc1/1
Active
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM8TnBuyrvBa78B3bd3jYmybYKcJUWiTLETBFnR4wBzmPi8e2vRa1/1
Posting
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM6uiKaQhNADiM5tLuygqLnZmDe5F4D7cwbZ4zn3k8pNogP2NvJZ1/1
Memo
STM8VcDkDT4fjUXWkPqVMDR2qXowztCwuQwVnuvNWhTQKdaAXvgEP
{
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[
"STM7611yYYSL5x6inuD8pfDBMoe24uFNoaNx1YuC34Ktx9jwopjXc",
1
]
]
},
"active": {
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"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM8TnBuyrvBa78B3bd3jYmybYKcJUWiTLETBFnR4wBzmPi8e2vRa",
1
]
]
},
"posting": {
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"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM6uiKaQhNADiM5tLuygqLnZmDe5F4D7cwbZ4zn3k8pNogP2NvJZ",
1
]
]
},
"memo": "STM8VcDkDT4fjUXWkPqVMDR2qXowztCwuQwVnuvNWhTQKdaAXvgEP"
}Witness Votes
0 / 30
No active witness votes.
[]