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      "body": "\"Deep blue screening\" is A Diver For A Better Ocean launched A regular free screening in joining the country blue space Marine activities and nature documentaries, launched by the national diving and Marine conservation enthusiasts and support.\nWhat is global warming?\nDoes global warming have an impact on the oceans?\nDoes ocean change affect me?\nWhat can I do?\nMost people can't imagine the disaster caused by pollution.\nBut I'm sure many of you know the Kyoto protocol,\nAs of 13 August 2005, 142 countries and regions have signed the protocol.\n![t01f17af6c104b20be6.webp.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmcYJefej5XV72PNKhj8YrFHqus1YxKW8KWLQab6TyKD9u/t01f17af6c104b20be6.webp.jpg)\nThe film's main actor is Mr. Gore, the candidate who lost the 2000 presidential election to bush. He has also been a disseminator of \"Global Warming\" and a politician who advocates the importance of environmental protection.\n\"World xi all for profit, the bustling all for\", environmental push will touch the interests of some groups, but the movie listing a lot of facts to support the crisis of global warming, as a result of the hard environmental protection standpoint, gore was attacked by enemies, referred to as \"madman\", \"the extreme environment\".\n![2.webp.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmSqyuE45kHj2NigWcUX7mBED7byB75DgLhEUMTGVe7mkD/2.webp.jpg)\n171/5000  \nIn the film a lot of graphics, data, curve, this paper expounds the as global carbon dioxide levels increase, the climate, glaciers, wildlife, and the influence of mankind, look at the CO2 content and the relationship between the average global temperature. The figure below shows the relationship between CO2 content and temperature in the atmosphere in 650,000 years. The red is the CO2 content, and the yellow is the temperature. I think this is one of the most compelling pieces of evidence presented in the film. Anyone who has done the data analysis will see that the correlation is almost 100 percent.\n![3.webp.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmW51R8JEzio8A9g6wwWJfqdkTeuykznnwBvU5jNNYZM9V/3.webp.jpg)\nBelow is the ice age rings, like tree rings, which provide us with a lot of information. If continue to climate warming, polar ice melting, will lead to all sorts of extreme weather, rising sea levels will be submerged in the coastal zone is the civilization of human society have disastrous consequences, not clear sea level rise? Reality: tuvalu.\n![4.webp.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmVn3mqRN559Qi9DwYHNuCjQpJ6WVTg5HDeLR3xP1Cmsn2/4.webp.jpg)\nNot only tuvalu, the UN's intergovernmental panel on climate change warned in 2007 that global sea levels could rise by 0.18 m to 0.59 m by 2100. The maldives, Kiribati, tuvalu and other island nations will be in danger of being submerged.\nCan be the result of global warming, not just the flood land, drowned polar bears, for example, the Great Barrier Reef bleaching, the ocean ecological environment will be broken, even the South Pole has found that global warming is the new species.\n![5.webp.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmajstM6YrpDX9UFPMWBvdxiNyJhhZfBj2DpuGGGnM6n6R/5.webp.jpg)\nHas ended in 2017, in the past year, I believe you for warm and hot has a profound cognition, it does so, global famous European centre for medium-range weather forecasts (ECMWF) recently, along with other agencies to weather conditions in 2017 are analyzed, and announced that 2017 is the human observation in the history of the second year of hot!\n![6.webp.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmT5BSUKNLdtHFsJ3zhCvBbCDr39XH5KuuVHWWpXBWoGgj/6.webp.jpg)\nIf we don't stop temperatures rise, to 2080, the ball will face water shortages has a population of 1.1 billion to 3.2 billion, 200 million to 600 million people face food shortages, with a population of 200 million, because of the severe drought, water level rise and floods and other natural disasters and moved. In addition, global warming will lead to the extinction of a quarter of the world's animals and plants in the next 50 years, which means more than a million species will disappear from the earth in half a century.\n![7.webp.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmWyVUCguXZ6xuVL3hCe3XQ2CZU4UU9cBW42PovsYodh9N/7.webp.jpg)\nSo what can we do with our regular schedule?\n1. Clean energy. 2. Green travel. 3. Garbage classification. 4. Reduce the use of packaging. Plant trees.\nAlthough our strength is limited, but for the huge population base, even if everyone is only a little, can also be many a mickle makes a muckle, and produce unexpected effect, don't let the human ruined blue planet, destroying ourselves.",
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      "body": "<html>\n<p>Congratulations <a href=\"/@cindy520\" target=\"_blank\">@cindy520</a>, you have decided to take the next big step with your first post! The Steem Network Team wishes you a great time among this awesome community.</p>\n<hr>\n<div class=\"pull-left\"><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/DQmaAdLUJ3yaSkmcmWECWyPGPWcjfbCoZ8Tu4RM6H4DbjCi/steem-network-thumbs-up.gif\" alt=\"Thumbs up for Steem Network´s strategy\" title=\"I suggest Steem Network´s strategy\" width=\"320\" height=\"222\"></div>\n<h1>The proven road to boost your personal success in this amazing Steem Network</h1>\n<p>Do you already know that awesome content will get great profits by following these <a href=\"/steem-network/@steem-network/spread-your-posts-through-this-proven-strategy-and-get-great-profits-in-return--for-posts-created-at-2018-01-12\" target=\"_blank\" alt=\"Steem Network\" title=\"Follow Steem Network´s suggestions to boost your success\">simple steps</a>, that have been worked out by experts?</p>\n</html>",
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      "body": "近期，中国先后叫停了ICO（首次代币发行）以及比特币交易，这从心理层面上挑动了区块链技术界人士的神经。人们关注的是，究竟区块链技术对金融机构有何实际意义？在实践中又有哪些缺陷需要优化？监管科技（RegTech）又将如何推进？\n“需要强调的是，‘币圈’和’‘链圈’并不是一回事。对于金融机构而言，联盟链是最为可行的区块链应用，尤其是在同业业务方面。”浙商银行信息科技部需求设计中心总经理助理臧铖对第一财经记者表示。眼下，不仅存在大量的区块链技术创业团队，阿里、腾讯、百度、平安、万向等大型集团也积极参与，区块链联盟不断涌现。\n所谓联盟链，是由数量可控的若干行业参与者组成，这些参与者为了共同目标聚在一起。以联盟区块链跨境汇款体系为例，为了提高跨境汇款效率，大家自愿集合出力构建这一体系，以协议约定的方式做出贡献。假设某个参与者突发奇想要自立门户，他会发现跨境汇款体系要求自己在全球各地设有网点，并且汇出汇入双方客户都必须在本行开户，业务将难以开展，因此参与到一个联盟中才是最经济有效的选择。\n与此同时，经历了这一轮虚拟货币监管风暴，未来金融科技和监管科技协同发展，才是推动金融创新和金融稳定的最佳选择。央行参事盛松成此前对第一财经记者表示，“区块链被比喻为一部‘信任机器’，应用场景众多。但金融是一个敏感行业，需受到各种制度、规章的约束。区块链在金融方面的应用还处于初期阶段，只要涉及到发挥了某些金融功能，就需要‘穿透式监管’。”\n币圈≠链圈\n区块链技术来源于2009年1月出现的比特币，但实际上，区块链技术从2015年才受到重视， 2016年大量的机构对区块链进行概念验证，2017年区块链应用开始发力，各种ICO项目层出不穷、“盛极一时”。\n但是，由于区块链应用的复杂性，大量的扛着区块链大旗的欺骗性项目混杂其中。业内人士认为，从白皮书看，有超过90%的项目难以落地，可能沦为空气币，甚至不乏打着区块链幌子的传销币。此外，多数ICO项目中，代币价格只和交易挂钩，属于投机炒作性质，短期内价值与业务的发展关联不大。这也是监管层对此重拳出击的原因。\n杭州区块链技术与应用联合会的秘书长王雷对第一财经记者表示，“对于区块链企业来说，此前ICO是一种选择，监管力度加大后风投可能是长期而言更好的选择。以合规合法的途径发展，好于依靠ICO融资野蛮生长。”\n紧接着，进入9月，中国境内加密数字货币和法币之间的兑换被叫停、交易平台也被叫停。\n其实，自2013年以来，对于虚拟货币二级市场的扭曲效应，监管层已经感到风险巨大。当时比特币在中国境内的交易量超过了全球交易量的九成，并把比特币推向了8000元的历史高点。个别交易所做庄、放杠杆甚至监守自盗的做法屡见不鲜。\n进入2017年，比特币不但重新站上8000元历史高点，更一再刷新纪录，在2017年7月最高达到每枚3万元，一时号称目标5万元。\n尽管针对ICO和比特币等加密货币交易的监管相继出台，但这并不意味着区块链技术被否认。盛松成对记者表示，与区块链相关的技术包括加密技术、点对点通讯技术、分布式数据储存技术，从经济学角度看，它包括的经济原理有共识机制、激励机制、记账理论、货币理论、金融理论、产权理论、契约理论等等，是一个复合的技术，拥有雄厚且艰深的理论基础。\n“区块链已经被世界机构、政府、企业、专家、从业人士广泛确认为一种极为重要的革新性技术。世界经济论坛预测，到2027年，全球GDP大约有10%将会存储在区块链上。”盛松成说。\n区块链的金融实践\n已经过去的2016年被称为区块链技术的元年，多家银行对区块链进行了探索性的研究与尝试。\n眼下，金融机构普遍认为，区块链去中心化是技术上去中心化，但业务上还是要有中心。区块链作为一项技术，并没有改变金融业务的本质。机构可以用区块链改造现有的系统架构，这些架构传统技术也能做，但区块链在一些领域的效率和安全性更高。\n区块链应用一般分为三个层级：私有链（Private Blockchain）、联盟链（Consortium Blockchain）和公有链（Public Blockchain）。其中，私有链为一个公司或组织内部使用，目前尚无典型案例；公有链以比特币为代表，对所有个人或机构用户开放，全球央行正在研究的数字货币也是代表之一；而联盟链介于私有链和公有链之间，大部分金融机构将联盟链作为发展路径，共同研发区块链应用技术。\n区块链参与者的参与动力需从两个方面考虑：一是公有链的参与者，二是联盟链的参与者。公有链如比特币的参与者，其利益来自记账成功后的比特币奖励，这是个人角度的逐利行为。一旦自身计算能力无法与他人竞争，从而难以获得奖励，他的动机就会消失。\n臧铖对记者表示，如果坚持公有链道路，“去中心化、去信任、匿名、透明、不可篡改”等引发人们极大热情的特征属性，可能使得该技术依托于互联网形成越来越多的法外之地。因此，这一发展方向适用于想尽可能更多保持隐私的个人，但与金融行业格格不入。\n相比之下，按照传统金融机构甚至各国央行的思维方式进行改进，形成具备“一超多强”特性的联盟区块链，或许更具实际意义。也就是说，在一个联盟链生态体系内存在一个超级管理员负责权限控制，并由多个参与者负责账务记载，同时有线下规则约束参与者的行为，构成一定程度上去中心、分布式的金融区块链体系。\n沿袭着“联盟链”的思路，各大金融机构已经有了落地的应用。\n2016年8月，微众银行联合上海华瑞银行基于BCOS平台的早期版本推出了国内首个在生产环境中运行的银行间联盟型区块链应用场景——联合贷款备付金管理及对账平台。通过区块链与分布式账本技术，优化联合贷款业务中的备付金管理及对账流程。随后，洛阳银行、长沙银行也相继接入该平台，经过近一年的运行，该平台所记录的真实交易笔数已达数百万。\n2017年初，浙商银行联合趣链科技推出“应收款链平台”。至此，浙商银行已经有了移动数字汇票和应收款链平台两大应用。“移动数字汇票主要有两个层面的应用，一是应用逻辑层面，主要呈现客户界面，执行业务逻辑；另一是区块链账本层面，主要记录所有票据生成、流转、注销的记录，两个层面共同实现了移动数字汇票的业务。”臧铖告诉记者。\n“应收款链平台”则是业内首款将区块链技术应用于应收账款融资的创新应用，可为核心企业与上下游企业共同构建供应链商圈，提供在线签发、保兑、转让、买卖、兑付应收账款等服务，将企业应收账款转化为新型电子结算和融资工具，随时对外支付或融资，实现商圈内“无资金”交易，降低产业链整体成本。\n在机构同业业务中，之所以区块链能有所作为，“原来在数据放在一个中心化的银行服务器上，如果中心服务器崩溃就会产生风险，但区块链有技术机制可以保证，参与方人手有一本账本，只要加入联盟，就可以从各个节点去同步一本一摸一样的账本，且无法篡改。只要一方改了，其他方就会将其覆盖掉，这主要是因为‘拜占庭算法’，可以保证一定比例以内的故障。”臧铖告诉记者。\n“联盟链”或为发展方向\n此外，各界也一致认为，区块链在跨境汇款等领域的应用将能大幅提升效率、降低成本。传统跨境汇款涉及汇出行、汇入行、SWIFT多方，花费时间长、成本高。这是由于必须由信任机构完成相应的账务处理和清算，通常至少要T+1的时间才到账，手续费用昂贵。\n相比之下，在一个由全球各主要银行构成的联盟区块链跨境汇款体系中，转出方只需在开户行提交转账请求，通过联盟区块链提交转账交易至转入方开户行区块链户头，并由各记账结点进行成功记账，中间无需中介进行记账和清算，也不会产生中介收费，更像在一个机构内部运作，在效率和成本上有极大提升。\n在国际上，上述联盟体系的代表就是金融区块链联盟R3，其成立于2015年9月，包括高盛、瑞银等全球40多家金融机构加入，国内目前只有中国平安加入。\n不过今年以来，相关联盟在中国也不断涌现。今年5月31日，金融区块链合作联盟（深圳）于深圳成立，成员包括微众银行、平安银行、招银网络、恒生电子、京东金融、腾讯、华为、银链科技、深圳市金融信息服务协会等31家企业或组织；此前4月，中国分布式总账基础协议联盟（China Ledger联盟）在北京成立。\n“金链盟是想做成一个非盈利性的研究平台，参与的都是持牌金融机构或金融信息系统服务提供商，通过开展课题研究合作，比如定义联盟链的技术标准、研究应用场景等，促进区块链技术在金融行业的落地应用。”微众银行首席信息官马智涛此前表示。\n马智涛解释称，金链盟期望基于区块链技术，进行理财产品、票据等金融资产交易。目前思路是基于区块链的金融资产交易只会将金融机构端接入链内，以联盟链的方式运行，暂时不会将消费端用户上链。\n他举例称，微众银行的微粒贷目前有20多家合作银行，如果未来扩展到数百家，数据交换及清算对账工作将会极其复杂。如果使用区块链技术，合作银行将可以实时收到已确认的贷款信息，免除了依赖日终对账文件进行清算对账的繁重工作；虽然目前的技术也可以做到，但区块链技术有望进一步提升效率。\n优化技术，融入监管科技\n尽管区块链技术在中国和全球范围内大有可为，但过去市场也经历对技术的“盲目崇拜”的阶段，这一仍处于初级阶段的技术仍需经历实践的考验和优化。\n其实，区块链的固有缺陷十分明显，其存在着记账效率低下与“51%算力攻击”的原生缺陷。但有缺陷就有优化行为，特别是针对金融行业的应用。例如，区块链固有的低效问题目前可通过“侧链”技术进行缓解，即主链按照原有机制进行记账，而有多条侧链负责实时记录交易信息，并在主链生成新的区块时将这些记录进行记账，这样就规避了必须等到生成新区块时才能记账的低效问题。\n又如，对于区块链“51%算力攻击”的缺陷（即指掌握了全网51%算力之后，用这些算力来重新计算已经确认过的区块，使块链产生分叉并且获得利益的行为），目前可通过应用联盟链来规避，即将记账权限限制在少数几个可控的参与者手中，大多数个体参与者只能进行交易，甚至联盟链还包括了“超级管理员”，能够控制参与者授权的结点，从而实现对整个区块链的安全管控。此外，臧铖告诉记者，还可通过投票机制随机产生记账结点，避免纯粹依靠计算能力优势进行记账权的抢夺。\n此外，他也提及，实际上应用于商用场景的区块链技术已经与比特币时代的区块链技术大相径庭，“仅仅从概念上的公有链到联盟链的转变，不足以描述与支持这一技术在商用尤其是金融行业应用中的变革。我们在金融行业应用的实践过程中遇到了许多此前不曾遇到的问题并进行了思考，对这一转变中的关键问题，如国密算法支持、数据访问隔离、客户平权关系，以及由此带来的客户私钥保存与企业客户多人操作与账户对应关系等无法回避的问题进行了研究与实践，使得这一技术能够适应于金融行业的应用场景，并且满足监管的基本要求。”\n就数据隔离这一问题而言，区块链的特点是各节点均可获得全部数据，因此产生一个核心问题：如何保证客户、金融机构只能查询自身数据，从而避免个人信息泄露、避免机构之间争夺客户资源，同时保证监管机构能够获取所有数据？\n于是，从应用层面，相关机构需要通过智能合约（smart contract）进行约束，智能合约可视作一段部署在区块链上可自动运行的程序，通过虚拟机确保智能合约的执行环境被完全隔离，运行在虚拟机内部的代码不能接触到网络、文件系统或者其他进程。在查询时验证查询方签名，对客户而言只有查询方作为交易方的交易记录才可被查询获得，对于机构而言只有通过该机构发起的交易才可被查询获得，从而确保客户只能查询自己的资产、交易记录等。\n同时，作为监管科技的体现，监管机构可获得特别权限，允许其访问区块链中所有客户及金融机构的交易数据，例如支持监管机构作为观察节点（node）加入联盟链。\n在央行金融研究所所长孙国峰看来，中国的监管科技可以定义为“科技和监管的有机结合”，使技术用于金融机构，并满足监管合规要求。监管科技最早起源于发达经济体，特别是在国际金融危机之后开始逐渐发展起来，主要源自于供给和需求两侧因素。\n孙国峰认为，从需求方面看，金融危机后各国监管当局加强监管，金融机构遵守监管法令的成本增加。从供给方面看，近两年大数据、云计算、人工智能等新技术的蓬勃发展，使得监管科技发展具备了技术上实现的条件。中国要发展监管科技，一是要推动大数据的标准化，这是进行大数据分析、人工智能运用的基础。\n目前监管科技的发展路径，主要有三个方面：一是由金融监管当局独立研究与开发金融科技系统；二是金融监管当局将监管系统的研究开发外包；三是由金融科技公司进行研发，由监管当局、第三方进行评估，可以使用之后再进行推广，形成适应整个行业的监管科技系统。\n眼下的共识在于，未来中国金融科技监管要注重微观功能监管和宏观审慎管理相结合，“穿透式监管”不仅流行于大资管圈，更在于金融科技，目的则都是在于实现监管全覆盖，避免监管空白。",
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