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      "body": "Thanks man but to be honest that's the problem i have actually gone through the guide lines for citing of pictures and one  of the problems i have is that i actually dont know how to do the same for myself \nIf you can show me an example it will be really helpful \nThanks for the comment",
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      "body": "Hi @chitrics. I think you have some problem with the way you were directing your picture's link to the original source. You need to link the picture's source to the appropriate website with some details of the original author's name and license version; not to a google search. Sure your first picture is public domain, therefore, you have no obligation of citing the source but always make a good habit of doing things right.\n\n<center>![Mentor_3.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmXowLVAedsP1McSt2Ju82bm8r4cBxXMhjJ2GAyDuZHZ3Q/Mentor_3.png)</center>",
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      "author": "chitrics",
      "permlink": "electronics-basics-why-a-broken-screen-still-works-when-in-use",
      "title": "Electronics basics : Why a broken screen still works when in use",
      "body": "![images.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmRQw82C1ZibWr5fEDdSW4CaT6K8T5rnFU6uzzwFGp5eSM/images.jpeg)\n<center><sub>[Image source](https://www.google.com/search?as_st=y&tbm=isch&as_q=Touch+screen+pictures+&as_epq=&as_oq=&as_eq=&cr=&as_sitesearch=&safe=images&tbs=sur:fc#imgrc=Nvrj2StMsdJOvM:)</sub></center>\n\n\n**THE SCIENCE OF TOUCH SCREENS**\nHey steemits so the other day a group of my friends were having an argument (as usual) about a football match we saw recently. We then, during the course of the argument, decided to consult google. One of us then brought his phone to help us search online. Now his phone has a very cracked screen and still works very well asides from a few tweaks here and there. Now being as curious as i am i decided to do my own small research on why his screen was still working. Thus this blog post was born.\n\n**THE TOUCHSCREEN**\nIn this day and age we leave in we find that touch screens are a part of our every day life. From our phones to our palm tops and even some laptops to also our tablets. Also in the grocery stores where touchscreens are used at counters by the sales attendant, and the list goes on and on.\nThe sensitivity of this piece of tech varies from application to application and can be seen in daily usage for example one may notice that when using an ATM one may have to push harder on the screen to get a response than on phone screens where one has to only touch to get a response \nNow to properly get into the above topic i would like to first give a more general overview.\n\nFirst there are two main and commonly used designs of the touch screen which are \n1. Capacitive touchscreens \n2. Resistive touchscreens \n\n**RESISTIVE TOUCHSCREENS**\nThis generally are the kind of touchscreens used in ATM's, in  malls and also some commercial printers.\nBasically they consists of two layers one which is basically a flexible conductive layer and a resistive layer. Both layers are then coated with a conductive material such as indium tin oxide thus allowing them to conduct current. This two layers are separated by tiny dot like materials called spacers. Thus when you push against the \"resistive\" screen a contact is then established. This then changes the voltage at the point where contact is made. This change is then detected by a small microprocessor or even a system and the instruction is then carried out accordingly. \nThis kinds of touchscreens have a very inconvenient  problem which is they can't respond to multiple touches at the same time. But given that they are  durable and very consistent, they are still in use \n\n![Screenshot_20180530-140247.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmYrzh49zcSVBHBBsNq9kLk1DXHdhJK2M2KyCARK3V295o/Screenshot_20180530-140247.png)\n<center><sub>This picture shows a small demonstration on how it works  [Image source is a screen shot from here](https://youtu.be/hVFVbcNTPho)</sub></center>\n\n**CAPACITIVE TOUCHSCREENS**\nNow this is kinda very different from resistive touchscreens in the sense that instead of having two materials separated and doing the sensing work, we have only one material. This is what is usually called the touch pad in the case of a phone. Now this pad is made of hair thin conductors put in the x and y coordinates. The one connected in the x direction or horizontally are called the driving lines which conduct electric current and the connection made in the y direction are called the sensing lines and they detect electric current. Now where they cross there is an electric field set up which is registered as neutral by the microprocessor or system. Now that all changes when something conductive comes along such as your finger. This is because the human body has the ability to conduct electricity and also store charge so thus when in contact with the screen a resultant field is set up that causes a change in the screens electric field and this is then detected by a processor which can then detect what operation was called on and execute it accordingly. Now the good thing is that most screens now are made so that even with a screen crack the touch pad wouldn't be affected instead the screen be broken \n\nNow other worthy mentions are \n1. Infrared touchscreens: Now this work by having photocells and led's arranged in opposite sides of the screen. \nWhen contact is made on the screen the light sent to the photo sensors is interrupted and this interruption is then detected by the processor and then action is taken accordingly. This is mostly seen in the screen of the kindle fire device.\n2. Surface Acoustic Wave touchscreens :\n This is the newest and i believe to the most exiting of all. Now this basically makes use of ultrasound( high sound frequencies that cannot be detected by the human) that is reflected  back and forth on opposite sides of the screen. When a touch is made there is and interruption in the wave reflection. This interruption is then detected by the sensor and thus the function required is carried out \n\n**SOLUTION TO THE MYSTERY OF THE BROKEN SCREEN**\nNow if we look below we can see a picture of how a basic phone screen is assembled. We can see that the touch pad i.e the hearth of the phone touch screen is placed such that it is given maximum protection. Thus making it difficult for cracks to penetrate to it. Also added that most people now consider using screen guards that further reduce the ability of crack penetration \n\n![IMG_20180530_155517.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbwG9oYf6msWiBe3Y3fhKVg8FDPTnkcGm2tG3f39WaKTN/IMG_20180530_155517.jpg)\n<center></sub>The Parts of a phone screen[Image source](https://youtu.be/F1FB2zsVoqM)</sub>\n</center>\n\n\nNow that we have solved that what other common screen problems have you encountered at least well now you know the cause and also how it is made \n\n\n**Also stay creative and i will see you next time**\n\nhttps://steemitimages.com/DQmWy4Kn1oiix2iq2Wdfc6pZ81sCq7UkfDv1U3FsNxkYao6/gear2.gif",
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      "title": "Electronics basics: The basics of fast charging",
      "body": "![download.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmaY6WJU9nBeYEqe4xqev5BvvSpUtGiA6ChybXuDJLMkCa/download.png)\n\n\n**THE MYSTERY BEHIND FAST CHARGING**\n\nHey fellow steemites and welcome to another blog post actually the first of its kind.\nWell like i said in the first blog post i made i would be looking at how some electronics gadgets work and also this series would also feature a DIY sessions which will help you to design small mini projects. Like i always say the best place to learn is in the field.\n\n*LETS GET STARTED*\n\n![unnamed.gif](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmXmDVvUM3ebgS17DYmfcRPZyFLfghLcpj5Q98XqzDfj8x/unnamed.gif)\n\n\n**FAST CHARGING**\nWell in this blog post i will be looking at the fast chargers that people claim can charge a phones battery from zero to a 100% in a matter of minutes, faster than your average generic phone chargers. \nNow the thing is this well is kinda true actually fast charging works by charging phone batteries from 0% - 50% and then trickle charging it the rest of the way. This technology was first introduced by Qualcomm as a solution to the power problem of the basic phone user.\n\n**Principal**\nNow the basic requirements for the fast charging process include :\n1. The adequate wall adapter and gauge cords \n2. Necessary electronics in the phone for fast charging (such as a Qualcomm chip)\n\nThe thing here is that basic wall adapters have an average power rating of about of about 5W or less (maybe 7W if you are lucky). And typical fast charging adapters come at ratings of 12-20W (WOW!). \nNow as we all know more power leads to increased battery heating and some of you, just like me, have found out the hard way that using a fast charger with a non enabled phone can lead to battery damage fast why? Because of the large amount of power forced through the battery. Another thing is one might still ask \"But batteries come with certain internal circuitry to prevent over charge?\" and that is true but this battery protection circuits are not made so as to prevent large wattage and some are damaged due to the large amount of heat generated from the large power feed to it.\nAlso another well less talked about factor is the \"**C- rating**\" of the battery and this is basically the amount of current you can draw over a certain period of time to achieve the battery's specified capacity. Now there are two specified C-ratings and that is that for charge and discharge \nTo support fast charging ,the battery needs to have a large discharge C-rating. This rating is usually indicated on Li-ion batteries as 0.1C or more. \nBatteries that posses this large discharge C-rating are more expensive and also posses other things like a large surface area etc.\n\n\nAlso its is worth knowing that many phone companies have different design approach for fast charging technology but all use the same basic principal shown above .\n\nSo next time when you complain about your cheap charger charging slowly  you know why it is so.\n Till next time don't forget to upvote and comment below . Let's get your opinion on fast charging in the comments below.\n**STAY CREATIVE AND I WILL SEE YOU NEXT TIME**\n\n\nReferences \nImages from google search engine \nCover image from Qualcomm.com\nGif gotten from ebay.com\nMore materials on fast charging could be found on digitaltrends.com",
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