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      "body": "So here’s what happened — I was desperate to upgrade my old car and thought AI trading could be the answer. I started small, lost a few times, and nearly quit. Then I stumbled upon https://solvexpulse5.net SolvexPulse 5.3 AI Australia, and everything started to click. The AI support made each move clearer, and after one bold decision, I finally saw the kind of profit I’d been chasing. In Australia, their tools feel fine-tuned to local needs, making the experience even more rewarding.",
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      "body": "There are few things as fresh as new snow or a new year.  This morning, halfway into the New Decade, I have both here in this small corner of the world.\n![mountains january.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmcPDyrxCzSHaMoATQXdePNALGAUTnghEjfnVspiFFx4JU/mountains%20january.jpg)\n\nI'm strongly desiring to write a book this year.  If not write that oft pondered book, at least to write more.  That seems simple enough, but it always happens in the quiet of the morning before my mind has an entire day to ferment.  The to-do list I made last night before bed, not even twelve hours ago, is already half changed.  Some even just out the window.  Hey, I'll take it.  That means half is still there.\n\n\n2019, if we are all honest with ourselves, was a bit of a wound-licking year.  Even the fresh wounds we all got along the way that last twelve months.  For me, it's another hash mark in my log book of decades of decoding wounds and sorting out feelings and trying to overcome bitterness and resentment.  Those things really keep you from soaring.\n\n\nIt was also a year of letting go.  Of feelings.  Of beliefs.  Of negative thought patterns.  Of fears.  Of hate.  Of judgment.  Of people.  Ouch.  The people I had to let go last year I will spend this year grieving and forgiving again and again and again.  While that seems daunting and undesirable, I know it has to happen.  It has made and kept me sick physically and kept my family in sort of a rut.  I'm not proud of that, but at least the cat is out of the proverbial bag.\n\n\nI hope exploring and writing about the forgiveness journey is helpful to you or someone you know.  I'm not the first and certainly not the last to have to go through with it, endure it or heal.  We all have a story, though.  And every story deserves telling.  With your words, you never know who might need the encouragement.  With prayers, you have no idea what God can do.  With the act of forgiving, such a simple act, you can open your life up to a whole new perspective and blessings that would otherwise be blocked.  I've read enough books on the subject now to really want to give it a go.  Join me please!\n\n\nIn addition to this, the biggest focus for 2020, I have a few other goals.  Some more fun.  Others ridiculous.\n\n\n-To complete and improve on hand-stand-push-ups (this requires some gym time)\n\n\n-To break 18:30 in the 5k  (my PR currently at age 34 is 18:49)\n![BB5k 3.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmRFqeWizf6eCquFoqpYBRANf2sKyvKzKpkFGVgXXZFniU/BB5k%203.jpg)\n\n-To run a full marathon again (not since my first daughter was born, so March 2012)\n\n\n-To get back into creative painting (acrylic mostly because oil and kids.......meh)\n\n\n-To have more fun, adventure more, make some new friends and let my daughters in on more of those fun runs, rock climbing adventures and active things I enjoy\n\n\n-OBVIOUSLY, the most important is to grow closer to GOD.  It's a struggle.  But like anything else, there is not time - time must be CARVED OUT.  First.\n\n\nHappy Monday.  Hope your day is blessed.",
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      "title": "Central Banks – Financial Eco Cancer, Pt. 1",
      "body": "Central Banking is something very commonplace in today’s society.  In fact, if you’re only transacting and paying taxes you might not even give a thought to what the involvement of a Central Bank means for you or your hard-earned money.  To get at the root of what Central Banks impose on We The People, let’s first address what money is, what a fiat currency is, and what fractional reserve lending is.  These are roots of the Central Bank tree. \n  \nMoney is a tool that serves as a medium of exchange in transactions. It is what most people trade time, energy and intellectual thought for.  Money is meant to act as a unit of account, a store of value, and a medium of exchange. The first two are nonessential properties that follow from the third.  In fact, other goods are often better than money at being intertemporal stores of value, since most monies degrade in value over time through inflation or the overthrow of governments.\nIn this five-part series, we intend to cover from the bottom to top what Central Banks are and how they work.  We’ll address the highlights and end the series with a solid set of references for you to dig deeper on your own.  When we cover the highlights, please realize that there is much more to this topic.  Men and women all across the world have written volumes and dedicated their lives to the subject matter at hand.  This should get you started in the right direction and at least lend a 30,000 foot view of the big picture. \nCentral Banking is a conundrum.  It is intertwined throughout humanity’s history as it has been lived, told, repeated, taught, forgotten and revisited.  \nA Central Bank is a national bank that provides financial and banking services for its own national government and commercial banking system.  The CB, as we’ll abbreviate, also implements monetary policy and serves to issue currency.  For all educational intents and purposes, it is easy to reference the Federal Reserve, the Central Bank of the United States.  This entity, riddled with folly, is an excellent case study in the difference between sovereignty and central power.  The Federal Reserve is anything but federal.  It is a private bank, and intended to remain independent of political interference.  Because all politics is money, this is an actuality that is difficult to achieve.\n \nThe Constitution specifically grants the power to create and coin money and to regulate its value.  Referencing Section 10, states do not reserve the right to coin or print their own money.  The framers of the Constitution intended to create a national monetary system based on coin (originally gold-backed upon inception), as well as for the power to print residing with federal government.  The delegates to the Constitutional Convention rejected granting Congress the power and authority to issue paper (fiat) money.  They also denied the paper money printing to the federal government.  As times changed, the case of McCulloch vs Maryland in 1819 ruled that the Second Bank of the United States and its bank notes issued on behalf of the federal government were, in fact, constitutional.  This trickled down over time to the state level, exposing how easy it had become to issue “good faith” notes far in excess of deposits.  Does that sound eerily familiar?\n \nThe Central Bank of the US has its roots openly exposed in a most profound and fundamental literary work by G. Edward Griffin entitled The Creature from Jekyll Island.  Crypto educator Jimmy Song reviewed the book in January, 2019 and summed it up well by stating, “That is how mafia works”.1  Highest recommendations should propel you, dear reader, to pick up this book.  It will open your eyes!\nBut WHO is in charge of Central Banks?\n  \nWhen money lent or printed exceeds deposits (it is astonishing how much of this goes on in all central banks worldwide), customers eventually want to redeem the notes or digits in a bank account for actual currency; purchase power if you will.  This is what is referred to as fractional reserve lending.  A bank only keeps a fraction of cash assets on hand versus what they might lend out.  If that fraction becomes too spall (specie/banknote ratio) then even a small unexpected draw on cash reserves can create a run on the bank.  This ultimately leaves the remaining depositors empty-handed when they try to withdraw their own share.  Does it make perfect since, then, why we have almost gone fully to digital and online banking?  Populating digits is much faster than awaiting the printing press.  The general public suffers for the pitfalls of fractional reserve lending by devaluation.  Dollar devaluation can mimic inflation at some level, but it is much more dangerous and more of a runaway problem.  \nThis brings up an interesting point as it pertains to the New Money System and the Digital industrial Revolution.  If we fail to ensure proper control and decentralization of cryptocurrency, we could easily revisit the era of Central Bank creation, fractional reserve lending, consolidation of wealth and centralization of control over interest, yield and supply.  If we are to create a free banking system without a single pinnacle currency to peg all other crypto assets to (enter Bitcoin), a means by which to create price discovery and valuation, the digital currency market would be overtly difficult to regulate and incite a much greater risk to consumers and merchants.  Moreover, without sloughing off the old way of doing things, we would see the same takeover of a New Money system just as in eons past.  \nOur Founding Fathers did warn us!  \nThomas Sowell believes that the Federal Reserve (CB) is a cancer.  He says “For most of the history of the country there was no central bank.  The Creature from Jekyll Island was created in 1913, long after early settlement and the Declaration of Independence in 1776.  In his words, he would ‘dismantle the central banks – banks which were supposed to prevent huge fluctuations in the money supply.’\nThe Mises Institute reminds us that JP Morgan locked central bankers in a room and those who emerged were in disbelief at the power of centralization, the ability of one man to dictate monetary policy.  That was in an era in which inflation was actually perpetrated by the FED.  [They] bought up bonds created by the treasury.  This alone caused deflation and large swings in the money supply.  It is also the very reason that today, in 2019, we have the greatest dissolution of the Middle Class in our history as a Nation.  Who is to blame?  Paul Volker?  Janet Yellen?  Jerome Powell?  Perhaps the above image of Central Banks and their Helm Masters is a handy reference.\nAccording to Ron Paul and FreedomWorks, the Central Bank is now fully out of control.  [They] have been unchecked for far too long on money printing, originally intended even in the early 1900s to be a contingency of last resort in the event of a war.  The Federal Reserve has far too much power after 116 years to control the national economy.  The engine of every economy is money-driven.  Now, the Fed is permitted to print endless currency out of nothing with no restrictions.  This is noticeable in the extension of credit now for nearly everyone.  Due to the law of supply and demand, this endless printing has completely devalued the Dollar.  \n \nBecause of endless printing, the poor and middle class suffer most.  The rich get richer.  The Central Banks increase the supply of credit and money infinitely and this is falsely masked as the rise in the price of goods and services.  Average home prices across the board are at record highs, basic necessities are obviously inflated, but what this truly represents is the abject devaluation of the dollar.  This is a very direct consequence and correlation.  Why do the poor suffer greatest?  Their simple lack of disposable income.  Lower incomes are at greater risk of becoming irrelevant at a much faster pace than mid-range or high incomes.  \nAn astounding fact is that not a single member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors is duly elected.  They do not in any way represent the interest of the American people, but rather, their Central Bank bosses.  Currently, these folks in office are shown with their political affiliation in tow.  Seems odd, doesn’t it?2\nJerome Powell, Chairman of the Federal Reserve\nRichard Clarida, Vice Chairman\nRandal Quarles, Vice Chairman for Supervision\nLael Brainard\nMichelle Bowman\nNominee by POTUS Trump, not seated, Marvin Goodfriend\nNominee by POTUS Trump, not seated, Nellie Liang\nSince they are not representative of the People, the Federal Reserve is unaccountable.  To boot, they have resulted in an unstable economy.  We have never seen the stock market at soaring heights as we do today.  Instead of healthy and relatively predictable Austrian ebb and flow of the markets, we now experience endless Keynesian boom and bust cycles.  The booms consist of a barrage of low interest rates that harm savers and devalue purchase power of spenders by cranking up the printing presses.  The lower interest rate is supposed to aid in creating an endless supply of money to inject into the economy.  But as previously addressed, this simply sends misleading economic signals and triggers poorer individuals to spend without realizing any gains, without commensurate wage increase or improved valuation of their assets.  \nLow cost of credit also encourages CEOs to expand production and hiring rather than eliminating debts.  The expansion, like a beach ball, cannot remain hidden.  It eventually explodes above a sustainable level, busts the cycle and we experience massive wastes in capitol which then actually do effectively raise the cost of living since consumers must have those realized losses passed on to them.  This cycle perpetuates with credit shrinkage and less stimulus while folks and business have enjoyed expanding debt but must focus on repayment of that debt.  Spending stagnates, then diminishes, layoffs ensue and the conundrum begins again.  Evidently, this serves those at the absolute top of the financial food chain in that they are the only benefactors and are able to continually acquire much of the holdings and assets or properties of all the middle and lower class individuals.  This yo-yo bubble economic theory does nobody any good.  \n \nThe Central Banks of the world are very secretive with only inklings of events leaking from the IMF and a few top Central Bankers.  They know too well that loose lips sink ships.  Currently, they are steering the Titanic and Lusitania, metaphorically speaking.  The Federal Reserve is actually unconstitutional, but this is a point of contention among many. While Congress does have the authority to issue money, they do not have the power to create a Central Bank.  This is not an explicitly granted power.  Constitutional scholars agree, disagree and often manage to do both.  \nBehind the scenes, the Federal Reserve bails out Central Banks.  But to firmly grasp that, please go read The Creature from Jekyll Island!  JP Morgan was an original perpetrator of this system.  In fact, the bailouts do not always even wind up in domestic hands.  After the 2008 Financial Crisis, the banks receiving greatest settlements and write-offs were HSBC, Brussels Dexia SA, Depfa Bank of Dublin, the PBOC (Peoples’ Central Bank of China) and Arab Bank Corp. \nYou will never find that out just glancing at the 2011 GAO loose audit of the Federal Reserve.  \nWe are now witnessing something unfathomable in the United States and globally due to the interconnectedness of central banks.  It is as if the economies of the world are drunk with credit.  They have no hiccups, but keep printing, ordering more, lowering rates, eyeing negative interest rates, discouraging saving, hammering wealth into the upper echelon and starving out the middle class while the poor have only been crippled by destitution.  There is an explosion in homelessness, a demand for higher wages, shortening of work days, reduction of hours and benefits.  Student loan, subprime housing, subprime auto loans and an overwhelmingly drastic uptick in extension of credit lines to anyone with a pulse are just some of the schematics.  It seems the party will never stop.  Stay tuned to this blog for part 2, however.  We’ll be exploring much more aggressively what is happening to purchase power, debt, and what happens if the party ever does come to screeching halt.  The inevitability is a New Money System, but we must be very careful and very diligent, not just actively involved and engaged!\n\n\n \nREFERENCES: \n1.\thttps://youtu.be/sekusu5UGos \n2.\thttps://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed.htm\n3.\thttps://anticorruptionsociety.com/2011/11/30/aaron-russo-explains-the-significance-of-the-federal-reserve/\n4.\thttps://freedomforceinternational.org/g-edward-griffin/",
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      "parent_permlink": "hacks",
      "author": "cdwyatt",
      "permlink": "profiling-the-security-holes-of-cryptocurrency-exchanges-and-lost-billionusd",
      "title": "Profiling the Security Holes of Cryptocurrency Exchanges and Lost Billion$",
      "body": "No doubt you have heard of hacks surrounding cryptocurrency exchanges and networks.  But which are vulnerable?  Where are the security holes?  How much digital currency has simply evaporated into the ether?  Let’s explore that!  Below is a list of more than thirty five hacks of note since the infamous Mt. Gox in 2011.\n\n \n\nYear\tMonth\tHack Locale\tAmount Stolen $ Value\n2011\tJune\tMt. Gox\t8.75 Million\n2011\nOctober\tBitcoin7\t50 K\n2012\nMarch\tBitcoinica\t228 K\n2012\tMay\tBitcoinica\t87 K\n2012\tJuly\tBitcoinica\t300 K\n2012\tSeptember\tBitfloor\t250 K\n2013\tMay\tVicurex\t160 K\n2013\tJune\tPicoStocks\t130 K\n2013\tNovember\tPicoStocks\t3 Million\n2014\tFebruary\tMt. Gox\t460 Million\n2014\tMarch\tCryptorush\t570 K\n2014\tMarch\tPoloniex\t64 K\n2014\tMarch\tBitcurex\tundetermined\n2014\tJuly\tCryptsy\t9.5 Million\n2014\tAugust\tBTER\t1.65\n2014\tOctober\tMintPal\t1.3 Million \n2014\tOctober\tKipCoin\t690 K\n2014\tDecember\tBitPay\t1.8 Million\n2015\tJanuary\t796Exchange\t230 K\n2015\tJanuary\tBitstamp\t5.2 Million\n2015\tApril\tBTER\t230 K\n2016\nMay\tShapeshift\t2.14 M\n2016\tAugust\tGatecoin\t77 Million\n2016\tOctober\tBitfinex\t1.5 Million\n2016\tFebruary\tBitcurex\t1 Million\n2017\tApril\tBithumb\t5.3 Million\n2017\tFebruary\tYouBit\t1 Million\n2017\tDecember\tYouBit\t17% of all assets\n2018\tJanuary\tCoincheck\t530 Million\n2018\tFebruary\tBitGrail\t187 Million\n2018\tMay\tBitcoinGold\t18 Million\n2018\tMay\tTaylor\t1.5 Million\n2018\tJune\tCoinrail\t40 Million\n2018\tJune \tGeth\t20 Million\n2018\tJuly \tBancor\t23.5 Million\n2018\tSeptember\tZaif\t60 Million\n2019\tJanuary\tCryptopia\t16 Million + 1675 ETH\n2019\tJune\tSynthetix\t37 Million sETH\n\n\n \nMt. Gox, the largest and most notable first-generation crypto exchange, was victim to the first (arguably most famous) cryptocurrency exchange hack. Following news of the heist, cryptocurrency pioneering leaders Jesse Powell and Roger Ver were called in to assist with the cleanup. Though the incident was significant enough to cause the value of bitcoin to plummet, Mt. Gox CEO Mark Karpeles didn’t seem to take the incident very seriously. Powell told Wired that Karpeles took the weekend off while the rest of the Mt. Gox team scrambled to bring the site back up.1\n  \nEnter Social Media.  In the case of Bitstamp in 2015, hackers used social engineering attacks to gain sensitive credentials of individual users, specifically employees of Bitstamp.  The credentials included date of birth, social security numbers, phone numbers, addresses, login identification, password and account addresses.  Skype and email was used to target Bitstamp employees, by appealing to their hobbies and interests and luring the employees to download malicious software, also known as phishing.\nBitcoin gold proved that 51% attacks can plunder an exchange.  Hackers simply use the 51% computing power to take control of a network.  The 51% attackers initiate changes to a ledger, says Blockchain security firm Ciphertrace.  The 51% attack uses weaknesses in POW (Proof of Work) algorithms.  \n \nThe Bancor theft in 2018 proved that decentralized exchanges are not immune to hacks. A security flaw was exploited in a wallet intended to update Bancor’s smart contracts. The scheme worked and the hackers pillaged millions. Following the hack, Bancor was forced to shut down. That was one of the most prestigious ICOs of 2017, having raised over $153 million in investments during its token sale.  The calendar year 2018 saw the greatest dollar valuation stolen in cryptocurrency.  At almost $1 Billion, the crypto space was decimated.  This was directly on the heels of the most exuberant fast-paced year of gains.  \n \nIn June this year, 2019, it is being reported that the largest ever exchange hack may have actually been generated from Russian viruses rather than having been perpetrated by North Korea.  The Coincheck breach and loss of over 500 million NEM tokens may have been penetrated in fact by Makes and NetWire malware.  These malware allow malicious criminals to gain access to operating systems and remotely manipulate them.  Group-IB earlier alleged a cybersecurity hack by North Koreans.  However, under closer analysis, it appears that the hack is in fact an action by Russian and Eastern European cyber criminals.4\nAs of this publication, there is a new hack, one still being investigated and very deserving of scrutiny.  In May of 2019, Binance, the exchange hosting its very own BNB token, was hacked.  The thieves made off with at least 7,000 Bitcoin.  Translation?  $40 Million at the time.  “The hackers had the patience to wait, and execute well-orchestrated actions through multiple seemingly independent accounts at the most opportune time,” according to the post, written by Zhao Changpeng, Binance’s chief executive officer. “We must conduct a thorough security review. The security review will include all parts of our systems and data.”3 This has been denied (May 7th, 2019) and Binance has been quite defensive, assuring its customers of safe funds.  Oddly, as of June 2019, Binance is going to ban all U.S. participants.  That alone could be seen as a very telling sign.  Perhaps there is a lack of AML participation and perhaps that has reason.  Time, as we know, will tell.8\nSynthetix was most recently attacked on June 24, 2019.  It is a synthetic asset issuance platform built on Ethereum.  The oracle attack involved a compromised 37 Million sETH.  The true USD value is difficult to calculate both due to arbitrage bot trading and issuance as well as to the relative illiquidity of sETH.  CEO of Synthetix, Kain Warwick, is facilitating limited information sharing at this time.  From the Block Crypto, an earlier publication in June made it clear that while Synthetix was experiencing heightened popularity, the value of synthetic products still are difficult to value.  This is risky for holders to begin with.  We will keep an eye out as the story unfolds.9\n \nSo how do these hacks actually happen?  Largely, they are data security breaches that go unnoticed or enter systems with already sloppy security practices.  Some dangerous habits that preempt hacks include the storage of all assets in a third party exchange, either centralized or decentralized.  As the adage goes, if you don’t hold your private keys your assets are not secure.  Another indicator of risk to users is low or nonexistent two factor authentication, the misuse or absence of multiple signatures.  Additionally, leaving assets in a hot wallet, which means storing crypto in a simple wallet connected to the internet (yes, even Jaxx or Cobinhood) is dangerous.  There are no guarantees.  The best practice for cryptocurrency users is to store assets on a ledger, trezor, keepkey or somehow in cold offline storage.  This generally requires private keys, a seed code, a ledger, and a PIN.  Be wise!  Keep your assets safe!\n \nREFERENCES:\n1.\thttps://coiniq.com/cryptocurrency-exchange-hacks/\n2.\thttps://www.wired.com/2014/03/bitcoin-exchange/  (How Could Mt. Gox Happen TWICE?!)\n3.\thttps://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-08/crypto-exchange-giant-binance-reports-a-hack-of-7-000-bitcoin \n4.\thttps://www.cncryptonews.com/russian-hackers-may-have-carried-out-largest-ever-crypto-exchange-theft/\n5.\thttps://www.group-ib.com/\n6.\tWhat is Malware and Why is it Used? https://www.howtogeek.com/183642/who-is-making-all-this-malware-and-why/ \n7.\thttps://ciphertrace.com/\n8.\thttps://www.tronweekly.com/binance-hack/ \n9.\thttps://www.theblockcrypto.com/tiny/synthetix-suffers-oracle-attack-potentially-looting-37-million-synthetic-ether/",
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      "body": "Beautifully written.  I concur one hundred percent.  Educating others organically is how we make this revolution solid.",
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      "author": "steemitboard",
      "permlink": "steemitboard-notify-cdwyatt-20190517t052059000z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Congratulations @cdwyatt! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@cdwyatt/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@cdwyatt) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](http://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=cdwyatt)_</sub>\n\n\n**Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:**\n<table><tr><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/japanese/@steemitboard/new-japanese-speaking-community-steem-meetup-badge\"><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/64x128/https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmRWbAjbeETEaqSPLcpwYX1JN5pZhdPffv4q6DaBs6xvZm/image.png\"></a></td><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/japanese/@steemitboard/new-japanese-speaking-community-steem-meetup-badge\">New  japanese speaking community Steem Meetup badge</a></td></tr></table>\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
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      "title": "Blockchain Voting",
      "body": "Voting with Agora: The Future of Blockchain and Cryptocurrency Technology in Voting Systems\n\n\nBuckminster Fuller stated, “You never change things by fighting the existing reality.  To change something, build a new model that makes the existing model obsolete.  \nTraditional voting systems are in desperate need of change.  As the world evolves, the current way in which we elect leaders has become antiquated.  The original November Election Cycle in the United States was created with the intent to garner maximum involvement from property owners and farmers who chose to respect the seasons and the Sabbath, being unwilling to travel a full day to a polling place on a Sunday.  This is now highly irrelevant in modern society, the 21st century.  Transportation has evolved.  Economics have evolved.  The voting system has yet to adapt.  Much like a Census, this has got to change.  But what does that new system look like?  Let us explore the use of Blockchain and Cryptocurrency in Voting.\nTraditional voting proposes a few critical problems.  We need to look at the two ends of the spectrum:  corrupt countries and less corrupt countries or systems.  In less corrupt nations, the apathy is almost palpable.  People believe oftentimes that their votes will not matter.  Then there is also a partisan system for political elections in which it is widely assumed that a vote any other than bipartisan is just a throw-away vote.  That is not the full truth, but the current political voting system in the first world certainly deems it so.\nThe early nineteenth century voting was performed by voters telling their vote verbally to a judge to be tallied on a piece of paper.  It was easy to pay off people to vote multiple times, vote once, back in line and vote a second time.  I there were disagreements on how many votes were counted, there was no way to validate truth or fiction.  The error was gross inaccuracy due to inability to recount.\nLater in the nineteenth century came early paper ballots printed in local newspaper and then cut out.  This progressed to ticket ballots which were printed and the party ballot of choice was marked and put in the ballot box at a local municipal location, not always neutral.  If a person could bring one ballot, why not ten?  Parties would print ballots in different colors, but it was easy to espouse fraudulent data.  Corruption has long been the crux of voting.  After all what makes government possible?  People, money, elections.\nTechnology and political reform led us into the twentieth century, where the debate is how guarantee accurate vote count if no individual person or party is trusted. Voting today, particularly in the United States, is a broken system.  We deal with accuracy in identification, voter eligibility, actual versus idealistic registration.  The Australian paper ballot method has been around in several forms for the past 120 years (oddly about as long as the current monetary system).  Voter registration didn’t exist in any quality before this Australian system.  Now one representative of each party is at the registration table.   This can help to avoid ballot box stuffing.  Now there are private curtains and multiple persons watching bow many ballots go in.  This is technology at work!  But where are we going?  \nPeople often do not know where they are supposed to cast a vote and many are unsure or apathetic about issues on a given ballot, which can differ regionally and locally.  In countries outside the US, there is a complete loss of trust in the governments.  Millions must also consider social ramifications, sanctions, the rights and restrictions of people to vote in both the corrupt and less corrupt areas.  For some, casting a vote is not a reality currently due to persecution, human rights and equality issues, lack of proper identification and even transportation.  It can be difficult to travel to and fro in a war-torn region.\n\nMany modern voting machines are supported a computer program.  The program, however, can decide who wins the election.  Whatever the program computes is what the end result is.  When the computer program is working on non-election votes, it must still collect data.  On Election Day, it can still count votes and shift them into a new category. A program can be written to cheat only when it’s not being tested.   While the user interface may not change and the testing and logic may not suspect this, a program can be loaded into a voting machine to ensure that votes cast are lumped into a certain category regardless of original intent or the original vote.  Without regular software updates or audits, algorithms can become dysfunctional and unsecure.\nAccuracy and privacy not trivial; they require technology.  .  It is vitally important to be unable learn how a person votes.  Votes need to be recorded and counted accurately.  Sometimes the ‘party’ is running an election.  We need a protocol that works in a trustless system.  We need to be able to trust that we are voting and that others are voting without necessarily having to trust the other persons who are voting.  \nThe optimal solution now with the advent of Blockchain Technology is digitization of the voting system, employing the Bitcoin immutable ledger as either the foundation or the model for a way ahead. This is the best way to exist in a trustless system and reduce the impact of corruption, nepotism, fraud, illegality and loss of sovereignty, while yet increasing access and participation in voting.  \nLet’s also not limit voting issues to political contests.  Suppose we could apply Blockchain voting to corporations.  How much more fair and balanced would this be for shareholders, how much easier for distribution of prospectus and return of votes by proxy?    A vote requires institutional commitment and differentiates based upon proper identity.\n\nVoting can mean using an app vote on reddit, heart on Instagram, link of website on post, spending money, donating money to crowdfunding, facebook likes, twitter tweets and retweets, steemit re-steems, thumbs up on a YouTube video.  \nNow we are in a Digital Revolution.  Many tech gurus have asked if we would be wise to migrate all voting to the internet.  It is a source of much debate.  This is a juncture at which the latest technology is absolutely necessary.  This can, in theory, be done with end to end encryption so that votes cannot be hacked.  But who installs the program that uses the algorithms to count winning votes?  The operating system is just the first in many layers of software.  Will officials remember to do software updates?  Would that even be fail-safe?  Legitimate? Pertaining to vote cheating, what can be done when votes don’t get counted or if votes are erroneously transferred from one candidate to another?  All are pertinent questions.  At least when there is an under vote, you can tap into that and fix the election protocols.  \nWhat if someone hacked a vote tabulating server?  In 2010 this happened in Washington, D.C.2  Votes were counted online on a server and hacked.  Not only is this a risk, but imagine how much data is available and how many things can be harvested from a hack which verifies identification!  Biometrics, medical records, addresses, smart phone analytics, email addresses, passwords, vehicle registrations, phone numbers, billing account numbers, literally everything in life boils down to data.   \n\nWhen it comes to client vulnerability, is private client software or user interface controlling the votes sent?  What about the OS developers?  Is an online hacker changing what personal client software does?  Are the ballots transmitted correctly?  Does server software tabulate votes correctly?  Is the real server software installed currently?  What of PIN numbers and some fallible voting credentials?\nTo accurately conduct elections without trusting and guaranteeing a counted ballot it becomes imperative to use the ultimate cryptographic interface.  This necessitates migrating away from proprietary voting systems.  Enter the Bitcoin Blockchain.  \nWith this Blockchain, the probability to guarantee accurate counting of votes and being able to tell you voted without exposing your identity increases exponentially.  The Bitcoin Blockchain is the first immutable ledger and the most solid, its emanation dating back to January 3, 2009.  This highlights the absolute value in the distributed ledger.  It is now available to billions of people around the world and could be acquired in small amounts in order to enter the ledger to use for functions such as voting and drafting or transmitting smart contracts.  This becomes important since final outcomes of elections ought to be fully transparent, easily tabulated, and verifiable in real time and permanently recorded in a way that can ultimately be accessed without negative ramifications to any parties involved.\n\nPierre Noizat1 addresses some underlying technical issues in his writings on Blockchain electronic voting, stating, “The recommended setup process to avoid paying fees to the miners is to use 0.01 BTC as the transaction amount for each voter and to fund Address B at least 1 day before Election Day. The challenge is about paying minimal mining fees while ensuring that the transactions will be confirmed.  It should be anticipated that, in the future, miners’ fees will evolve from rule-driven fees to market-driven fees, turning the above fee-avoiding recommendation into a fee-minimizing strategy.”\nA voter with a set of public keys generated by the Bitcoin Blockchain can create a secure cryptographic multisignature address that can be used to cast a vote, confirm a vote and yet retain anonymity while checking the results of a particular election.  That voter can also return to change the vote but that change will also be immutably recorded.  Of course there is a learning curve for all individuals, but adoption, education and awareness of the technology excites that desire to learn and move forward.  Learning about the Blockchain is personal.  But then, so is every true revolution.\nThere is tremendous impact and potential in this Revolution.  You could know how many voters would be able to vote per polling station and the distributed ledger would verify and record those numbers.  \nThe future of Democracy is very much tied to the future of money, the internet of money.  Why stop at digitizing democracy on the Blockchain?  The same transparency can be employed in capitalist systems to unmask corporate buybacks, reduce insider trading, exposing algorithm trades and manipulation of large corporations and the effects on shareholders end user consumers.  Bitcoin is an organic democracy.  A transaction in Bitcoin is also a message.  TRUST is the building block of every worldly institution.  But trust is hard to come by.  Bitcoin redefines the nature of law and trust.  \nInstead of per capita territorial grouping, there grows potential to choose representatives much more fairly, bypassing the debate about the redistribution of governance and democracy.  This further perpetuates a repeatable and constant peer review.  This, in essence, is a glorious smack-down of any Kakistocracy.\nWhere is this already happening?  Residents in Zug, Switzerland3, also known as Crypto Valley, will soon be using electronic Blockchain based voting systems.  Mayor of Zug in 2016 said “With Bitcoin we’re sending a message: We and Zug want to get out in front of future technologies”.  To pay for parking, library books and voting on referendums.  Currently, 200 residents use this Blockchain system and for now it is experimental.  This is one to watch closely.\nHowever we start, we will need rapid testing and auditing and to make 10x improvement at least to government!  The future is greater individual sovereignty, anonymous validation online, accurate identity validation and the use of private keys and Blockchain confirmations in a trustless world.\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nRESOURCES/REFERENCES:\n1. Chapter 22 Blockchain Electronic VotePierre NoizatCo-founder of Paymium, Bitcoin Exchange and provider of e-commerce solutions, Paris, France  https://www.weusecoins.com/assets/pdf/library/blockchain-electronic-vote.pdf\n2. To read deeper, visit https://www.wired.com/2016/08/americas-voting-machines-arent-ready-election/\n3. Zug and Dolfi Muller https://blockchain-documentary.com/dolfi-mueller-cryptovalley-zug/\n4. https://democracy.earth\n5. https://democracy.os",
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      "memo": "Hey there @cdwyatt, we just wanted to congratulate you on powering up some STEEM and celebrate your growth with you! Thank you for investing in STEEM and seizing this opportunity! If you are also interested in earning a lucrative revenue with your Steempower, then we've got something for you. We are offering multiple risk-free & effective ways to invest your Steempower. For more info, feel free to visit our website: https://smartsteem.com. Warm regards, Team Smartsteem"
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      "parent_permlink": "central",
      "author": "cdwyatt",
      "permlink": "centralization-versus-decentralization",
      "title": "Centralization versus Decentralization",
      "body": "A Modern Struggle:  Decentralization’s Impetus to Overcome Centralization in the World of Cryptocurrency\n4/13/2019\nMike Maloney stated recently when referring to current world economics that Capitalism does not exist.  All formerly assumed Capitalism is, instead, Cronyism.  That is a problem!  The underlying issue is that Central Banking Systems are only in place for self-serving interests.  Their purpose is to effectively transfer all global wealth from “Main Street to Wall Street”.\n\nCentralization of authority is defined as the systematic and consistent concentration of authority at a central point or in a person within the organization.  Under a centralized system of money and economics, the Banks govern the Government.  To get a firm grip on the impact of Central Banking systems, one could refer back to President Andrew Jackson in his 1832 Veto Message Regarding the Bank of the United States.  In that he wrote, “I cannot perceive the justice or policy of this course.”1\nDecentralization, then, is the process by which the activities of an organization, particularly those regarding planning and decision making, are distributed or delegated away from a central, authoritative location or group.  Rohit Khare's definition of decentralization, familiar to programmers, is \"a decentralized system is one which requires multiple parties to make their own independent decisions\". This applies to Peer-to-peer software creation and journalism, particularly.\nHaving expounded on the differences in Central and Decentral systems, where does Cryptocurrency fit into the equation?  For now, the world exists in a sort of duality; centralized and decentralized.  The two cohabitate on many levels.  There are both central and decentral currencies, exchanges, trading platforms, networks.  While we deeply rely on central governance in daily life for goods and services, the trend is opposing in Fintech.3  Much like the last Great Revolution, we are entering a new age.  We are arriving at a new paradigm and what has been dubbed by many as the Fourth Industrial Revolution, or the Digital Revolution.\nThere are a plethora of ideas and activists moving us toward separating from central authority.  Call them Anarcho-Capitalists, Voluntaryists, Austrian Economists, Economic Permaculturalists, or any number of terms.  In fact, these visionaries and futurists are Revolutionary Thinkers.  It has been a fair bit of time since we had those in society.  There are two distinct force at play.  The former, the Revolutionaries. The latter, the financial leviathans clinging to the only system we have known in a generation or two.  Central Banking and governance.  The power struggle is leading to massive amounts of wealth being transferred and incentivizing the technologically savvy to participate in creating dominant central digital currencies.  Ripple (symbol XRP) comes to mind.\n\nRipple technology was designed to replace the institutional system for international payments, the SWIFT network, used by banks and other major financial institutions.  This is a prime example of a centrally controlled cryptocurrency.  Basically, it is central.  It is a private Blockchain all its own.  The danger is that XRP can quickly centralize toward a few megabanks and that is no different than the current central banking financial system.\nIt is also worth discussing exchanges at a surface level.  On a decentralized exchange or platform (Shapeshift for example), an individual cannot enter a trade from fiat to crypto.  They can transfer a cryptocurrency from a centrally governed exchange and perform a swap or trade between two different crypto currencies.  However, on a centralized exchange such as Coinbase, Kraken, or Binance, fiat or cash money can be deposited from a central bank in exchange for a select cryptocurrency.  This generates a fee for the transaction, since the exchange will be using that revenue generated to control entry and exit points on the Blockchain.\nThe move toward decentralization involves a distributed ledger, a distributed Blockchain.  This uses a peer to peer protocol on an open ledger to facilitate trust and confirmation of transactions between hundreds of different nodes not aligned with a central authority.  Basically, this keeps the middle man out of business and the cost of doing business much lower.\nAs an example of advantages decentralization can apply, it is worth looking at how money is moved between countries and across borders.  An easy example is an individual working on a Green Card or VISA in the United States who hails from New Delhi.  In New Delhi, the poverty rate is astronomical and families live on much less money than those in the first world.  But the good son working on foreign soil still wishes to help his parents and siblings.  So, he sends money every month to his mother and father.  If he wishes to send $1000 US each time he collects a paycheck, the cost of that transaction to simply send money Western Union (old school Remittance Market) is a globally averaged 15%, or $150.  That only leaves $850 for his family.  This is rather criminal since he already had taxes and fees taken off the top.  It also could mean the difference between having to choose between eating and paying bills for his loved ones.  Fortunately, he can afford this, so he figures in an additional fifteen percent with each transaction.\nThink about it!  If 2.5 Billion people around the world are dislocated and unbanked a hypothetical since there are over 7.5 Billion of us, then it is no secret this is a common occurrence.   The annual global Remittance Market in 2016 was $441 Billion.  It is estimated to be above $550 Billion today.2\n\nForward to the middle aged father living in Yemen.  At the moment, Yemen is ravaged by war.  This man has no papers to identify himself since his country has been bombed and his government is unstable.  There are not really many central services or places of recordkeeping, as many have been destroyed.  So, without papers, he has no proof of an education, no proof of age, no birth certificate and no identification except the name he knows is his.  He has no criminal record since records are not well kept.  He could be a great guy with no criminal history, but everyone is treated as untrustworthy, given the same lack of benefit of the doubt.  So he cannot have a bank account and therefore must rely on cash and whatever job he can get.  He has nowhere to store his money if he has any, no deed to his property.\nAt any moment, this man could lose it all and there is not a single entity that can help him recover a loss.  Yet, this man must provide for his family.  So, you can see where a decentralized money system could help him.  He could also be one generation away from solving some of these issues for his own family.  If he could simply transfer fiat national currency into Bitcoin, obtain a wallet, beg or borrow or work toward a hardware ledger, he could keep that on his person with his own private key and retain or collect enough assets to either leave the country or to enter another level of the social class system in that country.  This is not unthinkable.  Banking the unbanked is a big issue.  But for it to work, it is most effective and impactful done in a decentralized manner.\nMoney and Governments go hand in hand.  When money is devalued, government is corrupt ad what money is corrupt, the country is devalued.  There is evidence of this truth repeatedly in Latin America, South America, Asia, Africa and many island nations.\nThere are currently several pioneer projects taking on this challenge.  Those would include, to name a few, SureRemit5, a Nigerian remittance service with no-fee transactions.  MPesa6 phone platform that services over 30 million from Kenya to Old Khazaria.  Also, Rebit7 in the Philippines facilitates no-fee Bitcoin transactions.\nDecentralized money and economies can also overcome one critically important and overlooked factor, inflation.  In very recent world memory, Venezuela has seen an almost 4,000,000% inflation rate, leaving power off, sewage and water services obliterated, medical facilities shuttered, and the cost of food beyond what the gross majority can bear.  Inflation like that occurs when the currency is devalued and money becomes worthless, while all power in concentrated at the helm of a central government frought with corruption at every level. For the savvy, Venezuela has offered its position as an oil baron for cheap energy, leading some to mine Bitcoin, which is very profitable.\nCentralization has notable failures in cryptocurrency such as Mt. Gox, Quadriga CX and Bitfinex, Huobi, Binance, Tether. These are easily controlled at a top point by a creator, organizational CEO or programmer/group of few decision makers.   Centralization is a risk to the Blockchain and it is alive and well.  These risks exist in the rawest form in APIs, centralized exchanges and decentralized apps (DAPPS). APIs, Application Programming Interfaces, set up nodes on behalf of end users.   These APIs require a third party.  A third party requires trust.  But with the aforementioned failures, similar to the Equifax9 hack that caught millions off guard, who can be trusted?  As for DAPPS, if the application has an interface, how certain is a user that the application is decentralized?  There must be more work on the part of DAPPS for those to be trustworthy.\n\nThe problem was that Mt. Gox tried to recentralize bitcoin. They actually centralized control over the keys for accounts on the exchange. Mt. Gox handled 70% of bitcoin transactions worldwide at one point, overwhelmingly with what is supposed to be a decentralized currency.  They lost well over 400 million dollars’ worth of Bitcoin.\nDecentralization in money offers crypto-lending and crypto-banking with lower fees and better rates of return.  Rest assured, there is always some place in the world in turmoil that understands the power a central authority can have, but the greater force in decentralized existence!\n\n \nBlockchain is a ledger.  But the Bitcoin Blockchain is a decentralized, distributed ledger.  Every central bank has a ledger.  But no central bank has a Bitcoin Blockchain distributed ledger.  The whole database is shared with every user. Every connected computer (or node) to the network runs the same database, verifies, and regulates all transactions on the Blockchain.  The cryptography of connecting node to node, sharing nodes and IP addresses to access multiple nodes to confirm each transaction performs the function akin to sharing a burden.\nThe sharing of information transparently enforces transfers and transaction confirmation.  Each confirmation updates the ledger and everyone connected knows about it.  Cryptography implies that each individual has private keys that allow a sovereign individual access to their money.  While a central bank will marry access with the requirement to verify identification with a password or government issued identification, cryptography overcomes this.  Private keys give access and the associated public key allows for anonymity while a personal account is transparent in presence, but not associated with a person’s name or any other traditional identifiers.\nDecentralized Solutions4 include sound crypto projects like Waves go a long way to represent the values of decentralization that the ecosystem requires. The two tout solid decentralized projects.  Stellar, while a sort of XRP (Ripple) underling, focuses on peer to peer payments and an effective way to bypass cross-border fiat exchange.  Many in the cannabis industry, a chiefly unbanked booming market sector are currently using Waves to tokenize their products and create an inventory tracking and point of sale system with great efficiency and transparent recordkeeping capabilities. When it comes to Blockchain there will always be a centralized solution. It may be easier, but the safest thing for the technology and the world of commerce is to start adopting more decentralized options.\nDecentralization is really the secret weapon of Blockchain technology. Evan Van Ness sums all of this up in one coherent thought: “Centralization is power. And power corrupts.”\nDecentralization overcomes the crisis of legitimacy that a central system of control leaves in its wake.  Not your keys, not your crypto.  Hold tightly to your private keys.  That is what keeps you, the end user, decentralized!\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \nREFERENCE/RESOURCES:\n1. https://www.zerohedge.com/article/andrew-jackson-repealing-central-bank\n2. https://news.ibinex.com/2018/10/08/how-cryptocurrency-can-help-the-developing-world/\n3. Chris Dixon, “Why Decentralization Matters”, February, 2018. http://fintechranking.com/2018/02/20/why-decentralization-matters/\n4. Charles Hoskinson, “The Future Will Be Decentralized”, TEDxBermuda https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=97ufCT6lQcY&feature=youtu.be\n5. https://www.sureremit.co/\n6. https://www.worldremit.com/en/kenya/mobile-money/m-pesa\n7. https://bitpinas.com/cryptocurrency/remit-money-philippines-using-bitcoin-rebit/\n8. https://globalcoinchain.com/bullish-on-stellar-lumens/\n9. https://www.cnet.com/news/equifaxs-hack-one-year-later-a-look-back-at-how-it-happened-and-whats-changed/",
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      "parent_author": "kirk-gosik",
      "parent_permlink": "blockchain-voting-system",
      "author": "cdwyatt",
      "permlink": "re-kirk-gosik-blockchain-voting-system-20190409t144711708z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "This is a fantastic article.  Can I cite your article (not steal your content) for others to refer to?  Also, can I use the same image you posted up top?  I saw that you have attached image credits.  It really helps me better understand this idea.  Thanks so kindly!",
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      "author": "andyhoffman",
      "permlink": "3-29-andy-hoffman-cryptogoldcentral-com-to-date-all-of-brhodium-s-massive-price-rise-is-due-to-the-tiny-xrc-community-just-wait",
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