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      "body": "I recently saw the movie Look Who's Back, or *Er Ist Wieder Da*, released in 2015, based on the book of the same name from 2012, by Timur Vermes.\nIf you have even heard of this movie, I'm sure you know what it's about. Hitler (portrayed by Oliver Masucci) wakes up in Berlin 2014, and learns what has become of Germany and the world.\nThe movie has a lot of political commentary that is relatively direct. At the center of it all is the question \"**Could fascism rise in Germany again, and how would that happen?**\", where \"Adolf\" is mostly a stand-in for modern attitudes that are compared to attitudes of the 1930s.\nI found LWB to be entertaining and interesting. But thought that question was not handled as well as it should have been. So I wanted to take a deeper look at the commentary, and how I think it holds up. In this text, I will discuss most of it, both what I agree and disagree with.\n\n\n# Adolf on the Streets\nOne important aspect of the movie is that it uses real footage of \"Adolf\" conversing with various non-actor civilians the crew met randomly around in Germany, somewhat akin to a political campaign, but without a large “crew”.\nThis way, the movie switches a bit back and forth between script and non-script. This is not a problem to the narrative, as on the surface, it appears very easy to make out the difference between what's scripted, and what's a \"genuine\" conversation between civilians and an impersonator of der Fuhrer. Based on clues such as how the civilians behave, unprofessional camera angles, lighting and that sort.\nThus the movie appears as a bit of a *social experiment*, to see what sort of \"Hitler-esque\" views modern Germans would agree with. In that way, it is similar to Die Welle (2008), and the real event that movie is based on.\n\nOf course, some people are displeased to see even an impersonator, but the editors have included little of that sort. What we see most of is people that agree with Adolf on a number of topics, such as TV distracts people from real problems, immigration is harming the country and it's people, and suppression of such criticisms, both officially and by claims of \"xenophobia\".\nThis is the major topic of the movie, and probably the reason for the making of it, as well as the book. LWB directly compares these political views to the climate that led to the rise of Hitler, and implies that because people hold such beliefs today, there is substantial ground for the return of fascism.\nBut does that disqualify such concerns? Certainly not. Though I will come back to that at the end of this text.\n\nTaken at face value, it raises a question. What went on inside the heads of the non-actors Adolf spoke to? \nIf they really are random people, they must have thought of Adolf as a joke, and it is strange to think they presumably ended up in a serious conversation with someone they saw as a joke.\nIt's hard to answer, but as it should be addressed it might be easier if the question is directed at the movie itself.\n\n \n## Genuineness?\nDid the people on the streets reveal their views to Adolf, and get their picture taken with him, and were touched by his poetry, because this man, with his tiny mustache, truly spoke to their disenfranchised beliefs?\nIt is of course possible, if you encounter enough people, you’re sure to hear all sorts of opinions. But I'm afraid it might not be so simple.\nAfter I had first seen the movie, there were two such “non-scripted” scenes that stuck out to me as a little suspicious.\n \nIn the first one, a youth with \"Germany must die\" on his jacket shows up around what seems to be a group of sports fans. The youth shouts \"Fuck Germany, you're all Nazis\".\nAdolf encourages bystanders to not put up with such talk, and they gang up on the youth that shouts \"down with Germany\" as several people abuse him, and Adolf gag him with tape and they try tying him up to a tree.\nThe imagery here is clear, Adolf incites political violence, and prevents a youth from speaking, just because he doesn't like the homeland, and random people comply because the kid bothered them as well.\nI have a hard time believing this truly happened. Would Masucci be willing to incite such unscripted violence for real? Would he be willing to risk arrest, or a lawsuit for the sake of political commentary? Maybe, but this, as well as how perfect the image is as a metaphor made me just a little suspicious.\n\nThe second scene I found odd is when Adolf talks to Department Chairman of the National Democratic Party of Germany, where the NPD member says some stupid things. Such as agreeing that \"The worse the situation is, the better it is for people like us\". It ends with Adolf asking \"would you do anything I ordered?\". The Department Chairman says to turn off the camera, which is only lowered to the ground. As audio is still recorded, the man is heard saying \"If you were really him, I probably would\".\nNow, I have heard of people in Germany that are increasingly becoming Nazi (allegedly), but why would this man admit to something like that to a stranger putting on a character? And why would they do it with a camera anywhere near as they said it?\nThis too, I find hard to believe was unscripted, as the person in question seems downright stupid.\n\nBut if these two scenes are not enough to convince someone that some of the allegedly unscripted events are not real, I found an *even more* convincing scene.\nAdolf goes to NPD's headquarter, a rundown little basement in Munich and rings the bell.\nSupposedly this is meant to be another footage with non-actors. But if this is true, how come the camera films Adolf from inside the house for one shot before the door is opened to them?\nDown in the basement, it's also a little suspicious that throughout that scene, only two people, other than the main cast, actually say a single word.\nBecause of this, I was not at all surprised to find that these two people are both credited on IMDB as actors. \"Federal Chairman Ulf Birne\" is portrayed by **Maximilian Strestik**, and the kid that opens the door is portrayed by **Jakob Bieber**. Both having acted in other movies before LWB.\n\nAlthough the former two examples are hardly *evidence*, the latter is clearly not a non-actor scene, though it appears to be at first glance. This lends even less credibility to the other two scenes, not to mention that it makes it seem like anything in the movie could be scripted, and false.\nI can believe that the team might have traveled around, making conversations with random people, and I can believe some of the conversations in the movie are truly unscripted. I will even admit that there is a chance the first two scenes really did happen. But how are the audience supposed to judge which scenes are genuine, and which are made up?\nThey can’t.\n\nAs such, I'm afraid the \"social experiment\" aspect of this movie is more or less dead. Which is a pity, as it is interesting as well as entertaining.\n\n\n\n# Modern technology\nTechnology is also an important theme of this movie. Which becomes apparent very early, when Adolf first encounters the modern TV, he marvels at it, but is displeased that it only broadcasts nonsense, which Goebbels would not have liked.\nOnly the mention of Goebbels (minister of propaganda) makes it clear what Adolf would have used such technology for. Adolf decides to get back into politics and he must capture the attention of the German people. At every turn the modern technology aids him, and I will go over this.\n“There is no such thing as bad publicity” comes to mind.\n\nOne example of what role technology plays is the previously mentioned scene where Adolf incites violence against the anti-German kid.\nThis also acts as a bit of a turning-point for Adolf's \"campaign\", as well as the narrative. This clip is followed by a lot more people that want their picture with Adolf, as well as finally garnering a lot of public attention through tweets and Facebook.\n \nFirst off, because the violence Adolf participates in, and the clear rise of his popularity is in the same segment and has the same background music and doesn't cut away, it acts as a way for the audience to think “despite what he just did, he’s able to get more popular?”\nIt also implies a link between the two events, that the violence he participated in is partially the cause of his rise in popularity, and that he can get away with anything, just because he’s funny.\nAt least that's what the audience is meant to think from this segment. It tells them to be on guard for any politically minded person in the real world that might get popular through similar methods.\n\nIn another scene Adolf is introduced to the internet, and immediately searches for \"World supremacy\", and is overwhelmed by the overflow of information.\nThe purpose is to say that the freedoms of the internet to anyone is dangerous, as some people can misuse or misunderstand that information.\nYet no attempt is made to explain what Adolf supposedly finds online that the rest of us would not want him to have. The movie just leaves it to the audience's imagination, expecting them to be frightened by the image of one of history's most power-hungry maniacs with access to unlimited knowledge.\nI'm sure the makers also had in mind that the availability of alternative media, promoting views and facts that are counter to the mainstream opinion is part of this danger. Of course, that might be a bit of an over analysis on my end, but I think it's not far beyond reasonable suspicion.\n\nLater, there is also a segment where social media, Youtube in particular, plays a large role in popularizing Adolf such as a series of meme-remixes, like Nyanhitler and animated Hitler dancers.\nSeveral real German Youtubers are also shown discussing whether or not it's acceptable to have this sort of portrayal in the current day.\nAt first, I thought this might be part of the \"social experiment\", and people had really published these videos on the internet as a reaction to Masucci portraying Hitler on the streets. But no. I was not able to find any of these videos, so they must have been made for the movie.\n\n\"What he's talking about is serious and he's kind of right\" says one YTer, \"I'm not sure if this is a good or a bad thing\" says another. But the audience of the movie, knowing better than these characters that this is the real Hitler, knows where that road goes, would clearly condemn them for supporting his rise in popularity and the sort of satire he does. The sentiment expressed is that when dealing with someone like Adolf, the only solution is to completely prevent the popularization of them. Stopping to question it will only help him.\n\nAll in all, the movie is pessimistic about all the modern technological freedoms we have today. I believe it is not justified in this. I believe this sort of open discussion will lead to people being more informed and consider a larger variety of opinions and coming to conclusions of their own, while the alternative, censorship, will only make things worse.\nUnfortunately, it’s hard to say for certain, as the internet is still a relatively new technology. But I think I have demonstrated that the movie at least partially exaggerates these dangers.\nOther than that, there’s not much I can do other than say “I disagree” and leave that point there.\n\n\n# Summary of \"the warning\"\nNow that we’ve discussed both the means and the background used to explain the rise of Adolf, we’re finally able to get back to the question of \"**How could fascism return in modern day?**\".\nAs the movie is clearly meant as a dark warning of what is similar today, as well as different from the 1930s, let’s explain the movie’s warning of how “fascism” will return this time.\n\nFirst, there must be a certain wish of the people to have large political change. And when someone understands this wish, they can appeal to those people. largely through jokes because through jokes, one is often allowed to say things not socially acceptable otherwise. These jokes will also catch the attention of skeptics and convince some that \"I hadn’t thought of that, but it makes sense\". This way the person will eventually rise to the status of populist.\n\nAs this person has built a base that trust them, they bring up more bold topics, pushing the envelope piece by piece, and wrapping them up with rhetoric about how difficult everything is, and the only solution are very drastic measures. As this is the only solution offered at all, many people will agree with this as well, feeling they have no real option.\n\nSocial media will also portray the populist as just a joke, which only props them up, as it's a lot easier to become \"noticed\" in the internett-era than ever before.\nTheir popularity will grow to the point where even “legacy media” like newspapers and talkshows are forced to at least talk about them regularly. If they try to cancel them, or stop reporting on them, their own audience will stop reading and viewing their products. The populist has now managed to get control over the media, without them realizing it.\n \nComplaints that the populist is a dangerous person are ignored, because \"it's just a joke, don't be so sensitive\". The populist might even have fans in powerful positions willing to bend the rules for them, even without any sort of order.\n\nWhen something horrible about this person is revealed, such as the killing of a dog, it only becomes a momentary setback. Not long after, they will make their comeback, with a fresh start of a large following that are willing to put the past aside, hoping it was a one-of event.\nBy the time it’s already too late, the truth that this is how terrible the populist actually is, will no longer be ignored, but downright suppressed.\nAnd this all happened because people gave them absolute support purely for the comedic factor, and kept excusing them time and time again. Even though they are painfully honest about who they are, people thought it was all a joke. \n\nIn short: A disenfranchised people appealed to by comedy. A media too focused on riding on the populist movement to ask questions. And a spread to the citizens that are only in it for laughs.\n\n\n# The end?\nAll in all, I think the basics of how the movie maps out the rising Cult of Personality is itself a very good explanation, and also of how it -could- happen in the digital days.\nThe movie concludes that the political miljø of the current day is very similar to the 1930s, and we cannot ignore the problems of the rising rightwing or treat it as a joke. Even going so far as to show images of Marine Le Pen and Geert Wilders as Adolf narrates that “I can work with this”.\n\nBut wouldn't it be the same for lefttwing populists as well?\nAfter all, populism rarely (if ever) appears out of thin air. More often than not, they appear because of serious concerns that are not being addressed. The movie even points this out but still expects viewers to just ignore those concerns.\nThat’s not to say a populist is always legitimized, it just means dismissing someone as a populist is only going to increase concerns for the topics they try to talk about.\n\nFurthermore, I think the conclusion of the movie can be better phrased as “**we can’t treat a real problem as a joke, as it will only grow while we ignore it**”. And I actually agree with that. But not the way the movie wants us to.\n\nMany of the things the civilians say comes from a real point of contention. The migration is making the job market worse, it causes a rise of violence and those who try to talk about it are either ignored, censored, or called “xenophobe” or an equivalent. These and many other problems aren’t limited to Germany but are seen all over most of Europe.\nBut these problems largely affect the working class, rather than the politicians, media moguls and other higher-ups that are in control of how things are dealt with and talked about.\n\nThe movie does several times point out that there is truth to some of the things Adolf talks about, so why ignore such truths?\nIf the ruling politicians are creating a problem, and a certain group of people try to bring up that problem, should the topic be condemned just because the wrong people are talking about it?\nThis sort of attitude will surely make the situation and the affected people increasingly desperate.\nIf only the fringes of the political world talks about it, the fringes will grow as more people notice the problems. If however a more moderate party managed to deal with these problems, wouldn't that take support away from the extremists? \n\nIn the chaos of today's world, and all its’ polarization I can't say for certain that we won't see a return of extremist rightwing tyranny somewhere in the western world. But I am certain that the best way to prevent it is to have non-extremists deal with the problems. In order to do that, moderate populists *need* to gain political power before things turn so bad only extremists remain.\n\nBesides, even if the fear of the right wing is legitimate, that does not mean the left wing can’t become tyrannical, does it? If information and ideas are censored to prevent the rise of the right, they certainly appear to be.\n\nOn the other hand, I suppose I am grateful that the movie actually has the gonads to even bring up these political topics, even if it's making fun of them. After all, the main issue I have with the current situation, is that people are not allowed to entertain the questions for even a minute.\n\n\n# Personal Conclusions\nAs a movie, I liked it. It was funny, and more thought-provoking than your typical stoner/romance comedy. It also gave me something to analyze and pick apart, so even though I disagree with a lot of it, I am glad I watched it.\n\nThe social commentary however…\nIt definitely has clever elements to it, and at first I only disagreed with the conclusion of the movie, as it sets up a black-white dichotomy, but after further thinking, I realized this lack of nuance is present in the entire movie. Especially as the “social experiment” part fell through after more analysis.\nThe theme about being cautious of populists and how much support they get, I can somewhat agree with, but only in a more general sense that includes not only the right wing, and also does not disqualify someone simply for being a “populist”.\n\nIn my opinion, the movie raises a much more interesting question that a lot fewer fictions have tried to deal with in an interesting way. \"**When does a joke go too far and where does the line go?**\" That’s a difficult question but talking about that would be an entirely different text, and as we're already at the end of this blog, it will have to be some other time.\n\n\n\nAs a movie, I give it a 6.8/10. And I will probably rewatch it one day.\nAs social commentary, I give it a C- for dishonesty and lack of nuance (When I first started writing this, that was a B-)",
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      "body": "This text is basically just me rambling about the things i wish i got to tell my ex. I wrote it hoping to finally stop thinking about her. I don't know how interesting it will be for most people to read this, but i figured when i put so much effort into something like this, i might as well share it with someone.\n\n\nYas. I will always be grateful for you being my first, and i honestly feel like you got me a little further out of my bubble, and even if things ended a badly, I'm glad i had the experience of being your boyfriend. But on our last meeting i didn't want to talk to you, i feel like you should've understood why, but i don't think you do. Or maybe you do, but you don't care, or want to accept it…\n\n\"Seriously!? … Are you -still- mad at me? … Come on, let's talk for just a minute or two. … We don't have to talk about what happened.\"\nThat's what you said, stopping me from walking away from you, and i stood there, staring at you as you spoke and i didn't say a word. Probably only a few seconds lasted, maybe a minute, but I can't tell you how much went through my mind in only those short seconds. When i saw you, i was extremely conflicted about whether i wanted to talk to you or not, and you almost got me to stay and talk too, but only almost.\nI let you in, in a way i told you i had never been with anyone before, and because of that i really wanted to have a certain relationship with you, even if just as friends. But I tried harder than you seem to understand, and every single time i tried talking to you, you would just make it as difficult as you possibly could for us to work things out. I know you tried too, but when you start changing the subject in the middle of an argument, when you constantly refuse to take any criticism, when you always make it seem as if I'm the only one who's got a reason to be sorry, when you actually start drama when i try to make you feel better about your depression, what the hell am i supposed to do with that? What can anyone do with it?\nIn advance of our last meeting, i had tried to work out a letter where I explain my side of things as perfectly as i could, like you did on our second-last meeting.\nWhen you read me your letter, i tried telling you about how the last few weeks were hard on me, and explain why i was so weird first time we met after that, but you used your go-to method. You interrupt me on your first chance, and accuse my attempt of being nice to you as \"being fake\". What the hell sort of person accuses someone who's trying to fight their inner darkness of being fake? And that's not all, there's more. \nWhen we left that place i lightly tried to air that I'm being so quiet today because I realized I have a lot of things to tell you, but i don't know how. You push me to talk about it, but i try to take things slow and ask you to talk first. I ask if there isn't anything you've realized over the weeks since last time we met, and your only response is \"well, i realized that you're not worth it.\" That might very well be true, but to be so blunt and direct about it, when you've already noticed that I'm not in a good place with myself? How does that not seem like you're not trying to make it even worse for me? Then I bring up how you yelled at me and even gave me more shit just for trying to make the best of our time together on our last night in Netherland. Your only response to that is \"I don't remember that, and you can't hold that against me, because I was high\". Well, even if i can't hold it against you (which is bullshit by the way) i really think you should've been more understanding of how you made me feel, and how I needed to see that you understood that you hurt me. But you didn't. Like you tend to do, you just refused to take any responsibility for anything you ever did.\nWhen i tried to explain to you that me bringing up this terrible behavior of yours was not just about that one night, but about your entire personality, you refuse to accept that there's anything  in what I'm saying.\nAnd the first time you wrote me a letter, a month earlier, you awaited my response, and i figured \"this is the type of situation where two people work out each others sides in a relationship. They explain why things are difficult for them and try to make the other one understand them better.\" How naive I was. I tried telling you about my side of the story, but you just interrupt me, and force me to give you one out of two answers, nothing more, nothing less. And you wonder why i compare you to a dictator?\nThose are just a very few of the things that still bother me about your horrible behavior, and your nonchalant disrespect of me. Just some of the things i wanted to bring up in such a letter to finally get you to understand how your shit is affecting, not just me, but probably most of your previous boyfriends as well. But after having worked put these things, and so much more, and for a while tried to work out some way to explain the most important parts in a short way, i realized it was completely futile.\nEvery single time i tried to explain something to you earlier, you would only make it worse. I had already twice tried \"one last time\" to make you understand me. I was spending way too much energy trying to avoid another argument, which would definitely happen if i were to talk to you again.\n\nHonestly, if anything is clear, it's that the more i tried to explain something to you, the more i tried to make you understand, the more you would only give me more shit, and the only way i could find any sort of way to work with you, was to accept that \"I'm in the wrong, she's right, i have to shut up and accept her side of it\". I think this is because you really can't stand understanding that something is more complex than you think at first. You think with your feelings, and nothing but that. \"i feel like shit, so that means i have a reason to act like shit\". Wrong. Feelings are not an excuse, and i think your feelings cloud your ability to see anything i, or anyone else, try to tell you.\n\nSo when we'd agreed to meet for you to could pick up your stuff, i still hadn't decided if i wanted to talk to you or not, i had just decided there was no point in making a letter. But when you come walking towards me, biggest smile you could possibly make, and you act like nothing has ever happened, and like you really want to hang out… That was too much for me. I had no idea what you were doing, or how you could be so happy about seeing me again. I mean, if i was truly as horrible as you made me sound like when you read me that letter, why would you ever want to talk to me again? \nHad i felt like someone were as horrible to me as that, I would have just walked away without even bothering speaking to them. (hint)\n\nAnd you expect that everything can just be hugged away and not spoken about? The fact that you would even suggest that we don't speak of it, as if that's what would make me talk to you, just shows that you never understood the first thing about me in the first place. Because if we should talk about anything at all, what happened is the -first- thing we should talk about. Your suggestion that we just ignore everything that happens, and act like nothing did not help at all. That's what you want, what you -always- wanted. Had you known me, you would know that is not what i want.\n If you hadn't said that, if you had said the absolute opposite of that, it would have been so much more convincing. So after having gone through all these things inside of my head for only a few seconds… i yelled out \"No!\" and i walked off.\nOne week later, you sent me a text while you were out on the city. I bet you were out hoping to bump into me. But i was asleep and didn't see your message until the next morning. I was actually debating with myself how best to respond to this message. Because despite not wanting to talk to you last time i saw you, i still hoped i could one day have another nice conversation with you, where we can actually work some things out, although that should probably be our last conversation. And even today i have a little hope that we'll meet again some day, and we'll be able to talk to each other.\nBut after trying to figure out how to respond for a few hours, i figured the best solution is that i don't.\nI'm not gonna give you the satisfaction of seeing me come back so easily, and if that means I'll never see you again, then so be it. It's a pity, but i can't see you until you've grown up at least just a tiny bit.\n\nYou know, our relationship only lasted for barely three months, and it's already been longer than that since last time i saw you, so i know it's probably a bit pathetic of me to still be caught up in all this shit i never got to tell you, and how you never wanted to work with me. I know the only thing i can do is move on, but you were such a complicated, childish, impossible mess, and I was such a pathetic loner, whom really tried as well as i could to make it work. Not to forget, as i said, you were my first. Hadn't you been, i would've walked away a lot sooner. I can only imagine how your longer relationships must have been when you were even more immature. Well, as you know, I've met J, and already in the beginning i thought he seemed very passive and without personality. But now I understand that was probably your doing. I was with you for barely three months and i still feel like a vampire's drained my blood. It seems obvious now that two and a half year with you must have left J an absolutely dried out husk of a man.\nIn the end of our second-last meeting, i tried one last time to get you to understand me. I said \"no matter what you think, i really tried to make this work an-\" then you rudely interrupt me with \"yeah i always knew it wasn't going to work out.\" \"okay but let me finish! … I tried to make this work, and how does it end? You cheat on me, and you tell me you never felt like my girlfriend. What the fuck am i supposed to do with that?\" and your only response was \"well, it didn't feel like cheating. Felt more like cheating when i was with you in Netherlands.\" So i say \"i guess we're done here\" and walk off, and you cheerfully repeat \"we're done!\" and as i walk away i turn and see you're smiling at me.\nThat one single minute alone, is the only evidence anyone should ever need that you don't care how you make others feel. And you say -I'm- the asshole? \n\nIt must be difficult for someone when they only seem to feel better about themselves when they're either wasted or bringing someone else down instead. Someone like that has to have some extreme issues with their self esteem. \nAnd I've spent so much time now talking about just you as a person, I've only barely brought up you cheating on me or how I've suspected you did it more than just that once. Or how certain i am that you willingly tried to make me mad several times, just to see how i react to your shit. \nIs it really that strange that i decided to just cut you out entirely? No. The only thing strange here is that I still want to talk to you.\n\nI know you were right about some of the things in your last letter, such as me having issues i need to work on. But at the very least i can accept i have issued, and i try to work on them. You never do. You only push it onto someone else and act like you can do any wrong. I know i have a lot to work on, but i honestly think I'm at least one step further than you on a few things. You need to grow the fuck up, and stop seeing yourself as the point of reference for absolutely everything.\nIn short, Yas, no, I'm not still mad at you. I just realized that you're not worth it. I really wanted to be friends with you, but someone that always shifts blame, and never takes criticism does not deserve to be my friend.\n\nHowever, despite all this, i really do hope you're able to figure yourself out and learn not to cause such drama at every given opportunity. But there's nothing i can do to help you in that. I already did all i could, and i failed. You were also right that i need to learn not to be alone all the time, but in the same way, you need to learn to be alone. You have to figure yourself out, and when you just keep jumping from one boyfriend to another, with barely even a week between at the most, that's not giving you any time to figure anything out. \n\nAnd now my dear, although you will always have a tiny piece in me for better or worse,  I will no longer let you occupy such a large part of my brain, as you clearly do not deserve. Get out of my head.",
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      "body": "This text was originally an assignment for university where we were to write a review of The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara. I really enjoyed the movie and liked writing about it, so I thought I should save my review somewhere. The version posted on this blog is also a bit longer and revised than the original, as I had to cut away a large portion of it to fit the limit of the assignment.\nWhether you are here because you like movies, are interested in history, politics of the 20th century or maybe you just saw the movie on some best-of list, I hope you enjoy this review and either find it intriguing enough to make you watch the movie, or give you some sort of new thoughts around a movie you already had seen.\nAlthough this text turned out as a bit of a mess, I did spend a lot of time on it, and ended up with a lot of thoughts I felt I wanted to put into words. There is also so much more i could bring up, but i think this movie has so much it can give it's viewers that this post could easily be twice or even thrice as long, and i think i've spent enough time on this text already.\n\nThe Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara is a biographical movie about Robert McNamara, focusing on his role in the Cold War through his own words and reflections, as well as audio recordings of the time.\nAs the US' Secretary of Defense between 1961 and 1968, he had a very close encounter with both the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962, the US's involvement in the Vietnam war, the Kennedy Assassination of November next year, and of course President' Johnson's escalation of Vietnam with over 10 times the amount of troops Kennedy had.\nNot only do these historical events themselves make McNamara's story relevant and important as a way to understand the timeline of the Cold War. But many of these events were also partially hidden from the public, making it even more difficult for someone not on the inside to understand what happened and why. Achieving a complete image of it all, as a civilian would be near impossible. His experience can give a more in-depth portrayal of the world at the time and how complex it all was.\n\t\t\t\t\"24 hours a day, 365 days a year for 7 years as Secretary of Defense, I lived the Cold War. [...] Cold war? Hell, it was a hot war!\" - Robert McNamara, 00:16:24\nThe Robert McNamara the viewer meets in the movie is an older man whom has presumably distanced himself from the period and over the years done a healthy degree of reflection over his own actions, the events themselves, and what mistakes were made. The movie emphasizes this with one of the first lines he delivers in front of the camera.\n\t\t\t\t\"any military commander who is honest with himself [...] will admit that he's made mistakes in the application of military power [...] but he hasn't destroyed nations.\" - Robert McNamara at 00:02:33\nThis statement is meant to show the audience that the entire movie is a sort of apology for the things he himself did as Secretary of Defense, this is also further emphasized later when he talks about his experience designing cars for Ford Motors. More on that later. But even though the movie is an apology, it does not treat him with silky gloves, as only a few minutes later the movie points out exactly why he should feel sorry. During his time he got a lot of criticism and was called \"a conman, an IBM machine with legs, an arrogant dictator\" (00:04:36). Presumably he was not very popular with the American media\n\nThe Fog of War is therefore not only a biography, but also a testament to the Cold War, how this period is part of modern history, and the concurrent psychology around the political climate overwhelmed by fear. Nearly all of the political figures of America were afraid that communism would spread and take over the entire world, the Domino Theory. On the public level of society there was also a great fear that the two superpowers would, as most competing military forces throughout history have done, sooner or later, have a falling out. But this time, it was expected that such a seemingly inevitable conflict would launch an all-encompassing nuclear war, writing the final chapter in the epic drama of the Human Race.\nFear of the future truly was the topic of the days, but as the case usually is, the political establishment's worldview is the one that becomes most prevalent. And because of this, the main political goal of the US was to stop the spread of communism wherever it might show up. This was the world Robert McNamara lived in.\nThis thinking, the cultural and psychological zeitgeist, might not be so easy to understand for those of us who grew up after the fall of the Soviet Union. All timeperiods are a world in their own right with their own ideas and social understandings of basically everything around.\n\t\t\t\t\"It's almost impossible for our people today to put themselves back into that period.\" - Robert McNamara, 00:16:10\nGiven the way the system was mainly upheld by communist fear it's not very hard to understand the participants see a need to do anything in their power to stop a change in that direction. Even though the contemporary has the best insight into the thinking behind something, it can often be easier to determine if the right line of action was taken only in hindsight, when both sides of a the situation has been thoroughly studied.\n\nMcNamara starts by talking about his experience with the Cuban Missile Crisis, concluding that one of the most important resources to getting out of such a heated situation unharmed was understanding their opponents and how they think, the Russians. \nMcNamara then talks a little about his personal life, which is very clearly an attempt to better win the viewer's sympathy, before moving on to his participation in World War 2 starting in 1943 as part of the US Air Force's statistical control to analyze the Air Force's efficiency. In this segment he explains what one can learn from warfare. This same analytical knowledge from WW2, he explains, was also important when working for Ford Company, coming up with safer cars. This part of the movie is not only included to point out how important data is to know how to handle a situation, but also to portray him as an honest man that will go to great lengths to prevent unnecessary death. Although McNamara's stories seem believable, this segment seem to me more focused on the image of McNamara rather than the historical understanding, and a bit long. Personally, I couldn't help but wonder if this is more about his need to be seen as a good man, whether truthful or exaggerated.\n\nThe rest of the movie is about the Vietnam War, which also acts as the main point of the movie. From the beginning, every lesson and idea is held to consideration compared to this war, as it is widely regarded as a war where eventually everything went wrong. Hundreds of thousands of dead on both sides, the war spread to neighboring nations, and finally, when USA pulled out after 20 years of war in 1975, Vietnam could not even be prevented from becoming communist.\nPrevious lessons come to light when McNamara talks about his meeting with the concurrent foreign minister, 20 years after McNamara stepped down. Not until then does he actually learn how the Vietnamese people saw the conflict. The Americans, him included, saw the war as an aspect of the cold war and the spread of communism. The Vietnamese however, saw it as a fight for independence after around 100 years of being ruled by France, only to be lost to the Japanese, they did not wish to be colonized also by USA, and despite America's fears, Vietnamese history of about 1000 years as a Chinese vassal state would prevent them from accepting Chinese dominance as well. \n\t\t\t\t\"You are totally wrong! We were fighting for our independence, you were fighting to enslave us!\" - Nguyen Co Thach, 01:06:00\n\nMcNamara and the other American politicians could never understand this way of thinking, and could especially not understand that the Vietnamese cared nothing at all for the power struggle between USA and communist forces. They were too ingrained in their own way of thinking of the situation to realize that their opponents thought of it as something entirely different. In short, they did not have the same understanding for their enemies as they had during the Cuban Missile Crisis.\nMcNamara's lesson about maximizing efficiency while minimizing destruction of your enemy, and collecting the necessary data, as he learned from WW2 and his experience with the Ford Company is also brought up as something that was missing. Seemingly, he did not keep these lessons in mind in Vietnam. As an example of this lacking reflection, and also valid criticism of him and his actions, there is a clip of him holding a speech about the war.\n\t\t\t\t\"It's a battle for the hearts and the minds of the people of south Vietnam. As a prerequisite to that we must be able to guarantee their physical security.\", 01:00:06\nDuring this quote, clips are played of bombs dropped over the country, raining destruction down in all directions, as all too often happened during this war. Although McNamara later claims he did not approve of the use of certain types of bombs, such as Agent Orange, this heavily suggests that his talk of security was either dishonest or a poor choice of words, and that USA did more harm than good for them. This is a great example of why McNamara got as much flak as he did.\n\nBut McNamara would later see how badly his understanding of the situation was, even if it was not clear to him in the present as he was too absorbed by a zeitgeist that shaped his world's social understanding. An understanding that is difficult to see before one takes a step back and views the entire world as it stands/stood as an outsider.\nHence the title \"The Fog of War\". McNamara explains that the expression is about how man cannot understand just how all-consuming war truly is, and how it affects all aspects of society and civilian life.\nMcNamara also ends on a great quote by T.S Eliot he uses to underline what the entire movie is all about, learning through experience and reflection.\n\t\t\t\t\"We shall not cease from exploring, and at the end of our exploration we will return to where we started and know the place for the first time\" - 01:24:54\n\nAll in all, the movie is very well made both in storytelling and atmosphere. The way most of it is told as a story from one penitent man's perspective makes it all more immersive. Even if the portrayal of McNamara sometimes seem exaggerated and off-topic to the movie, it's hard not to be convinced by his performance and his alleged attempt to make people understand what really happened during this time.\nThe movie also gives a very deep insight to the way people of the 60s thought, the troubles politicians have to go through during various different types of chaos and pressure and how complex political games tend to be.\nIn summary, I believe there is a lot people can learn from this movie, about the importance of reflection, to be certain before you make a decision, how to understand the actions of political figures, what a lifetime of experience can do to a man and generally how complex most situations can be and how important it is to see this complexity.\nI will personally give it an 8.7/10",
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      "body": "I have no doubt Trump is playing the media like a fiddle. Great example in the recent is how he criticized \"The Squad\" which made the Democrats come to their protection. This made the people who disagree with the Squad dislike the Dems even more, and less likely to vote for any Democrat next year.\n\nAdditionally, it also let him get more funding for the wall while people were talking about that situation, while also showing people how the Dems care more about their own image than preventing the wall.\n\nHe really is a clever guy.",
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      "body": "This text was originally an assignment for university where we were to write a review of The Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara. I really enjoyed the movie and liked writing about it, so I thought I should save my review somewhere. The version posted on this blog is also a bit longer and revised than the original, as I had to cut away a large portion of it to fit the limit of the assignment.\nWhether you are here because you like movies, are interested in history, politics of the 20th century or maybe you just saw the movie on some best-of list, I hope you enjoy this review and either find it intriguing enough to make you watch the movie, or give you some sort of new thoughts around a movie you already had seen.\nAlthough this text turned out as a bit of a mess, I did spend a lot of time on it, and ended up with a lot of thoughts I felt I wanted to put into words. There is also so much more i could bring up, but i think this movie has so much it can give it's viewers that this post could easily be twice or even thrice as long, and i think i've spent enough time on this text already.\n\nThe Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara is a biographical movie about Robert McNamara, focusing on his role in the Cold War through his own words and reflections, as well as audio recordings of the time.\nAs the US' Secretary of Defense between 1961 and 1968, he had a very close encounter with both the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962, the US's involvement in the Vietnam war, the Kennedy Assassination of November next year, and of course President' Johnson's escalation of Vietnam with over 10 times the amount of troops Kennedy had.\nNot only do these historical events themselves make McNamara's story relevant and important as a way to understand the timeline of the Cold War. But many of these events were also partially hidden from the public, making it even more difficult for someone not on the inside to understand what happened and why. Achieving a complete image of it all, as a civilian would be near impossible. His experience can give a more in-depth portrayal of the world at the time and how complex it all was.\n\t\t\t\t\"24 hours a day, 365 days a year for 7 years as Secretary of Defense, I lived the Cold War. [...] Cold war? Hell, it was a hot war!\" - Robert McNamara, 00:16:24\nThe Robert McNamara the viewer meets in the movie is an older man whom has presumably distanced himself from the period and over the years done a healthy degree of reflection over his own actions, the events themselves, and what mistakes were made. The movie emphasizes this with one of the first lines he delivers in front of the camera.\n\t\t\t\t\"any military commander who is honest with himself [...] will admit that he's made mistakes in the application of military power [...] but he hasn't destroyed nations.\" - Robert McNamara at 00:02:33\nThis statement is meant to show the audience that the entire movie is a sort of apology for the things he himself did as Secretary of Defense, this is also further emphasized later when he talks about his experience designing cars for Ford Motors. More on that later. But even though the movie is an apology, it does not treat him with silky gloves, as only a few minutes later the movie points out exactly why he should feel sorry. During his time he got a lot of criticism and was called \"a conman, an IBM machine with legs, an arrogant dictator\" (00:04:36). Presumably he was not very popular with the American media\n\nThe Fog of War is therefore not only a biography, but also a testament to the Cold War, how this period is part of modern history, and the concurrent psychology around the political climate overwhelmed by fear. Nearly all of the political figures of America were afraid that communism would spread and take over the entire world, the Domino Theory. On the public level of society there was also a great fear that the two superpowers would, as most competing military forces throughout history have done, sooner or later, have a falling out. But this time, it was expected that such a seemingly inevitable conflict would launch an all-encompassing nuclear war, writing the final chapter in the epic drama of the Human Race.\nFear of the future truly was the topic of the days, but as the case usually is, the political establishment's worldview is the one that becomes most prevalent. And because of this, the main political goal of the US was to stop the spread of communism wherever it might show up. This was the world Robert McNamara lived in.\nThis thinking, the cultural and psychological zeitgeist, might not be so easy to understand for those of us who grew up after the fall of the Soviet Union. All timeperiods are a world in their own right with their own ideas and social understandings of basically everything around.\n\t\t\t\t\"It's almost impossible for our people today to put themselves back into that period.\" - Robert McNamara, 00:16:10\nGiven the way the system was mainly upheld by communist fear it's not very hard to understand the participants see a need to do anything in their power to stop a change in that direction. Even though the contemporary has the best insight into the thinking behind something, it can often be easier to determine if the right line of action was taken only in hindsight, when both sides of a the situation has been thoroughly studied.\n\nMcNamara starts by talking about his experience with the Cuban Missile Crisis, concluding that one of the most important resources to getting out of such a heated situation unharmed was understanding their opponents and how they think, the Russians. \nMcNamara then talks a little about his personal life, which is very clearly an attempt to better win the viewer's sympathy, before moving on to his participation in World War 2 starting in 1943 as part of the US Air Force's statistical control to analyze the Air Force's efficiency. In this segment he explains what one can learn from warfare. This same analytical knowledge from WW2, he explains, was also important when working for Ford Company, coming up with safer cars. This part of the movie is not only included to point out how important data is to know how to handle a situation, but also to portray him as an honest man that will go to great lengths to prevent unnecessary death. Although McNamara's stories seem believable, this segment seem to me more focused on the image of McNamara rather than the historical understanding, and a bit long. Personally, I couldn't help but wonder if this is more about his need to be seen as a good man, whether truthful or exaggerated.\n\nThe rest of the movie is about the Vietnam War, which also acts as the main point of the movie. From the beginning, every lesson and idea is held to consideration compared to this war, as it is widely regarded as a war where eventually everything went wrong. Hundreds of thousands of dead on both sides, the war spread to neighboring nations, and finally, when USA pulled out after 20 years of war in 1975, Vietnam could not even be prevented from becoming communist.\nPrevious lessons come to light when McNamara talks about his meeting with the concurrent foreign minister, 20 years after McNamara stepped down. Not until then does he actually learn how the Vietnamese people saw the conflict. The Americans, him included, saw the war as an aspect of the cold war and the spread of communism. The Vietnamese however, saw it as a fight for independence after around 100 years of being ruled by France, only to be lost to the Japanese, they did not wish to be colonized also by USA, and despite America's fears, Vietnamese history of about 1000 years as a Chinese vassal state would prevent them from accepting Chinese dominance as well. \n\t\t\t\t\"You are totally wrong! We were fighting for our independence, you were fighting to enslave us!\" - Nguyen Co Thach, 01:06:00\n\nMcNamara and the other American politicians could never understand this way of thinking, and could especially not understand that the Vietnamese cared nothing at all for the power struggle between USA and communist forces. They were too ingrained in their own way of thinking of the situation to realize that their opponents thought of it as something entirely different. In short, they did not have the same understanding for their enemies as they had during the Cuban Missile Crisis.\nMcNamara's lesson about maximizing efficiency while minimizing destruction of your enemy, and collecting the necessary data, as he learned from WW2 and his experience with the Ford Company is also brought up as something that was missing. Seemingly, he did not keep these lessons in mind in Vietnam. As an example of this lacking reflection, and also valid criticism of him and his actions, there is a clip of him holding a speech about the war.\n\t\t\t\t\"It's a battle for the hearts and the minds of the people of south Vietnam. As a prerequisite to that we must be able to guarantee their physical security.\", 01:00:06\nDuring this quote, clips are played of bombs dropped over the country, raining destruction down in all directions, as all too often happened during this war. Although McNamara later claims he did not approve of the use of certain types of bombs, such as Agent Orange, this heavily suggests that his talk of security was either dishonest or a poor choice of words, and that USA did more harm than good for them. This is a great example of why McNamara got as much flak as he did.\n\nBut McNamara would later see how badly his understanding of the situation was, even if it was not clear to him in the present as he was too absorbed by a zeitgeist that shaped his world's social understanding. An understanding that is difficult to see before one takes a step back and views the entire world as it stands/stood as an outsider.\nHence the title \"The Fog of War\". McNamara explains that the expression is about how man cannot understand just how all-consuming war truly is, and how it affects all aspects of society and civilian life.\nMcNamara also ends on a great quote by T.S Eliot he uses to underline what the entire movie is all about, learning through experience and reflection.\n\t\t\t\t\"We shall not cease from exploring, and at the end of our exploration we will return to where we started and know the place for the first time\" - 01:24:54\n\nAll in all, the movie is very well made both in storytelling and atmosphere. The way most of it is told as a story from one penitent man's perspective makes it all more immersive. Even if the portrayal of McNamara sometimes seem exaggerated and off-topic to the movie, it's hard not to be convinced by his performance and his alleged attempt to make people understand what really happened during this time.\nThe movie also gives a very deep insight to the way people of the 60s thought, the troubles politicians have to go through during various different types of chaos and pressure and how complex political games tend to be.\nIn summary, I believe there is a lot people can learn from this movie, about the importance of reflection, to be certain before you make a decision, how to understand the actions of political figures, what a lifetime of experience can do to a man and generally how complex most situations can be and how important it is to see this complexity.\nI will personally give it an 8.7/10",
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      "body": "Recently i've been writing more. Not much here on steemit, but i've been putting my opinions and perceptions on political developments and stuff down to text, and i've been a fair bit more verbal about them too.\nI think that's because i've been thinking a lot about death. About how one day, everything i have ever experienced and learned will fade away with me, and become nothing. I've been writing, hoping that maybe my points of view, and what i've learned about how complex everything actually is, will actually reach someone. And maybe, someone might see things from my point of view if i really try. And if i'm really good at it, i might help make the world at least a little bit better in one way or another.\n\nThis part of me, the one that fears death, we all have it, and it makes us do very strange things. This ever-looming eternal void is what drives so many of us to do the things we do. Some start living without much personal restraint, they want to experience as much as possible before their time is up. Others spend their lives building huge global businesses so that one day they can die knowing that their brand had some sort of effect on nearly everyone all around the world. Others still use their fear of death to fuel their motivation to take up arms to bring on, or prevent, changes in the political structure so it will align more with their own ideas.\nBut in doing so, so many of us forget that life, though short, is still a lot longer than we sometimes make it out to be. Eventually, if we live long enough, we must all face the fact that there is a lot more to life than just drugs and other cheap kicks, that no matter how great our financial empire, it won't ever be enough, that even though we might be fighting for what we believe to be justice and truth, we may have misunderstood something very vital about our fight, or maybe about our enemies.\n\nWhen we read about the actions or writings of different people throughout history, we're receiving  a little piece of them, and learn something very important about what made them what they were. Even though they're as dead as everything else, they can live again within us as we understand more about them and what made them tick.\nTo even think like this is strange to me. I am not a superstitious man, i do not believe in ghosts, spirits, auras or \"living again\", and i certainly do not believe i will even be able to think about what other people know about me once i'm dead.\nAnd yet, the more i think about the inevitable nothingness, the more i feel the yearn to leave at least some trace on this world. Some sort of reminder of what i thought, what i was.\n\nThis fear is part of all of us, and i believe the more we try to deny ourselves from it, the heavier it will be to bear it. Those of us who can't learn to live with death, will one day hit it like a brick wall.\nAnd i suppose that's why i'm writing this, aside from getting these thoughts out of my head for a moment. I'm writing this, in hopes that maybe i'll get someone else to healthily reflect on their own fleeting time, rather than to one day hit the wall.\n\nI know this was a bit of a ramble, but i hope it at least made sense.",
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      "body": "Hello @boxhead! This is a friendly reminder that you have 3000 Partiko Points unclaimed in your Partiko account!\n\nPartiko is a fast and beautiful mobile app for Steem, and it’s the most popular Steem mobile app out there! Download Partiko using the link below and login using SteemConnect to claim your 3000 Partiko points! You can easily convert them into Steem token!\n\nhttps://partiko.app/referral/partiko\n\n![](https://d1vof77qrk4l5q.cloudfront.net/statics/partiko-poster-best-steem-app-for-your-phone.jpg)",
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      "body": "Catching up with how the world develops is extremely difficult. Not only can it be hard to figure out why things are happening, just seeing the direction the world is going in is rarely any cause for celebration either. No matter what sort of topics you're interested in, because good news rarely make the world go around. If you love animals, you hear about how many of them are endangered, or how they're treated by corporations for profit. If you're pro-EU you hear about all the things that are threatening the union's current stability, and if you're anti-EU you hear about all the reasons why it threatens your country. The most important news will never fail to make people angry, afraid or even depressed.\n\nWhen you surround yourself with such bad news, you surround yourself with only negativity, pulling you deeper and deeper into an abyss where everything you see is darkness. And as you focus only on such things, you become what you behold. No matter which political leaning you follow, if you let darkness take root in your heart, these feelings you've surrounded yourself with becomes part of you and it will grow to consume more and more of you for each day.\n\nEventually you'll see the entire world as only two sides, those whom agrees with you, and those who need to be stopped. If you're a Democrat you learn to see Republicans as nothing but bigoted, semi-fascists with outdated morals which doesn't care about the marginalized. If you're a Republican you learn to see Democrats as naive, cultural marxists with no discipline or understanding of how society works. And honestly, how can any reasonable person support someone fitting either of those descriptions? Of course \"they\" need to be stopped when they represent such things. And once you've reached that point, you no longer see your opponents as people, they are only obstacles.\n\nFor example, a lot of \"lefties\" believe nazism is currently on the rise, while \"righties\" believe communism is on the rise. And in most cases, people will believe in the one threat, while seeing the other as an \"exaggeration\" or \"fear propaganda\".\nThis doesn't necessarily reflect the reality of where the world is heading, but it does reflect how the differing sides see one another, as the most mislead and destructive sort of ideologues they could possibly imagine. And so it's acceptable to bend the rules to stop them, by any means, thus channeling the darkness in their hearts towards some sort of perceived great threat, real or not. Once you see violence as a legitimate response to non-violent actions your enemies might respond in turn, and there's no logical stop to that before at least one of the sides is somehow gone. This sort of escalation will only bring on destruction, one way or another.\n\nI am in no way trying to discourage people from being politically involved, i'm merely pointing out the lack of nuance on both sides, that polarization comes from a lack of communication and understanding among them and the problems resulting from such polarization.\nOr as president Kennedy once put it \"Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent revolution inevitable\". And peaceful revolutions happen through civil discussion, research, critical thinking and honest reflection of the facts. If you properly understand your opponent, you might learn they are not as bad as you thought, and find you've been pulled too deep into the abyss.\n\nFor better or worse, there will always be differing opinions on a lot of different social issues and ideas, and just because something is a real problem doesn't mean everyone can see it, especially not if you've already learned to divide the world into \"us\" and \"them\". That's why in order to solve these issues in a civilized way, we need to accept that no one side or person holds all the answers, and at least try to understand our opponents.\nIf you can't even for a moment consider the possibility that you might be wrong, how can you expect your opponent to do so? If you are adamant that there's no point in reasoning with your opponent because they won't listen to you, that's merely a reflection of your own stubborn and narrow mind.\nIf you learn to have a proper discussion however, you might find that even your \"enemies\" may have very legitimate reasons and grievances for opinions you think of as absolute bullshit. And if you try to properly understand them, but are still convinced they are wrong, better understanding their views will still make you better equipped to argue those ideas and why they are wrong.\n\nIn summary, polarization grows from people succumbing to their darkest sides, and stop caring. The best way to prevent polarization is to keep yourself grounded and always try to understand both sides of an argument.",
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