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      "title": "Data Privacy and the Tragedy of the Commons",
      "body": "![graphic.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmYq2R5hTnRy2f5BCf2JUWtuFC2Fp6sLcLh9kXRTCbiCyv/graphic.png)\n### Forced data hygiene \nGDPR is a recent form of European regulation requiring that companies which collect data from European citizens provide the means for their customers to both view and remove the data that is associated with them.  This is a major change for companies and the penalties for non-compliance are harsh: 4% of annual global revenue.  Customer data is incredibly valuable for companies as it allows for efficient monetization.  However, as we've seen too frequently companies cannot be trusted to safely protect their customers' data (see Home Depot <sup>2014</sup>, Facebook <sup>2014</sup>, Equifax <sup>2017</sup>).\n\n### Something is broken\nIn a free market economy, customer demand will shape the market.  This means that if consumers really prefer GDPR-level control over their data, companies would be incentivized to build this into their product and we'd see this feature arise naturally.  So why haven't companies provided better data control if consumers really care about their data?  The sad truth is that a majority of people don't value their data privacy enough to shape the products we use.  If both consumers and corporations aren't interested in protecting data privacy, who exactly is GDPR for?\n\n### Tragedy of the Commons\nYesterday, the city of Seattle enacted a ban on plastic straws to help protect the environment.  As I sat there drinking my smoothie through a half-soggy paper straw, I realized that GDPR is a similar solution to the _tragedy of the commons_ problem.  A _tragedy of the commons_ scenario occurs when a shared resource is exploited for profit to the detriment of all.  Certain economic systems have hidden costs that affect more than just the immediate parties involved.  In economics, this is called a negative externality.  For this reason we see taxes and regulation on consumption of fossil fuels, fishing, and cigarettes as a way to recoup some of those costs and \"internalize the externality\".  The pollution of plastic straws is just another example of the tragedy of the commons.   Plastic straws are heavily used because the alternative environmentally-friendly paper straws cost three times more for corporations and plastic straws are preferred by consumers.  As a result our oceans have become more polluted; an externality cost that all of us are forced to pay.  \n\nConsumer privacy is also a scarce resource that suffers from the tragedy of the commons.  Driven by advertisement revenue, corporations became increasingly efficient at collecting and using consumer data to shape consumer behavior.  In 2016, we saw this data used to manipulate individuals with the goal of influencing political decisions.  Cambridge Analytica leveraged the Facebook data of millions of citizens to affect the result of Brexit vote and US presidential election.  This lack of data privacy has now begun to impact all of us.\n\n![toc.PNG](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPcbZ7VAq5xBDrnL6HbPsCgvSQaBgp5NxG74PmQPkhP3d/toc.PNG)\nResults of tragedy of the commons\n\n### Possible Solutions\nTaxation and regulations are the best known solution to the tragedy of the commons problem.  These mechanisms work by forcing the parties who are exploiting _the commons_ to compensate the public for the gains they receive through the exploitation.  GDPR is a step in this direction.  Further regulation may include taxes or penalties for businesses who accept any form of customer privacy data.  Critics of this approach state that the impact of externalities are often difficult to quantify and the taxes/penalties don't always go to benefit those who are affected (in some cases those who will be most affected haven't yet been born).\n\nThe [Decentralized Identity Foundation](http://identity.foundation/) is an effort to help consumers own their identity and private data.  With a decentralized identity each individual creates a collection of their personal data that can be shared to businesses on a per-need basis.  Businesses in turn can contribute to the identity of their users.  This doesn't solve the externality problem, but it provides a viable way for companies to provide meaningful services that doesn't involve collecting and housing consumer data.  With this technology, regulators can enact stricter data-custody laws as companies will now have the means to abide by them.  Additionally, since the data of each individual is not located in a centralized store, it becomes exponentially more difficult to compromise.\n\nAs cryptocurrency and blockchain systems experiment with new forms of economics, we've seen the emergence of elegant solutions to the tragedy of the commons. Bitcoin has empirically proven that through carefully balanced incentives a common, open ledger can be shared across the world without abuse or top-down regulation. There's hope that this same technology may hold the key to solving a wide range of externality problems, including data privacy.",
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      "title": "Using Azure Functions to Call an Ethereum Smart Contract",
      "body": "_A guide to ingest Blockchain data using Azure's serverless infrastructure_\n\nI recently started mining Ether with a friend as a hobby. &nbsp;Occasionally our mining rig would go down for miscellaneous reasons (power outage, network failure, Windows Defender targeting our mining client). &nbsp;While the miner is down, we're losing potential profit. &nbsp;To solve this, I built a miner monitor that will alert me in the case that the hashrate of the rig drops below a certain threshold. &nbsp;This is a common problem for all miners, so I opened it up to the public. &nbsp;To help fund the costs of the monitor, I incorporated a fuel token which gets burnt every time you get alerted. &nbsp;You can replenish your fuel tokens using a smart contract with Ether.\n\n### <center>[Create your own miner monitor here](https://cryptomonitor.azurewebsites.net/Signup.html)</center>\n![MinerMonitor](https://steemitimages.com/DQmXy51oZxCJKJ1ta1DbSYX4ARbAV2JViXPTfYGnhDBnPWE/image.png)\n\nI had a particular problem where I wanted to use Azure Functions to create a cron job to query data from Ethereum and store it in a database. &nbsp;Unfortunately, Azure Functions does not support Ethereum event triggers (yet!) so I had to setup an Azure Function job using a timer. &nbsp;If you're not familiar with [Azure Functions](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/functions), check out my [previous post to learn more](https://steemit.com/bitcoin/@bornswift/coin-watch-bitcoin-arbitrage-tool).\n\nMy goal was to update a user's balance if they've made a deposit to a smart contract. &nbsp;Let's walk through how it's done. &nbsp;I'll assume that you've already setup your smart contract and have a basic understanding of [Azure Functions](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/functions/). &nbsp;\n\n## 1. Create an Account on Infura\nThe first thing we'll want to do is go Infura and create an account: \n![infura.PNG](https://steemitimages.com/DQmUGSP2dKFymrK4wWRDy9ZnR2U712rpVb5dUVprWAmJ6g9/infura.PNG)\n#### https://infura.io/signup\nSince we don't want to run a light client in Azure, we'll rely upon an endpoint hosted by Infura to reach the Ethereum network.\n\n## 2. Deploy Smart Contract\nCollect the Smart Contract deployment address and ABI. &nbsp;[Remix](https://remix.ethereum.org) is a great tool for deploying your smart contract and collecting this information.\n\n## 3. Create Azure Function\nCreate a new Javascript Azure Function with a Storage Output. &nbsp;![Add Storage](https://steemitimages.com/DQmfCoQ5aKbqR3xqwS9rUXL4njKC4pKophNYcpwihpJnQtC/image.png)\nThis is where we will be storing the results from our blockchain function calls. &nbsp;By creating this output object, we will get the storage connection string passed in as an environment variable. &nbsp;The variable will be named the same as your storage account. &nbsp;Try adding the following snippet to ensure this is setup correctly:\n~~~~\nmodule.exports = function (context, myTimer) {\n    context.log(process.env.YOUR_STORAGE_NAME);\n    context.done();\n}\n~~~~\n\n## 4. Add NPM Modules\nWe'll need to manually install the `npm` modules to use them within the Azure Functions. \n- Navigate to the backend of your Azure Function app:\nhttps://YOUR_AZURE_FUNCTION_NAME.scm.azurewebsites.net/DebugConsole\n- Select _Debug Console_ -> _CMD_\n- Create a file named _package.json_ in `D:\\home\\site\\wwwroot` directory\n- Add the following contents to install`azure-storage` and `web3`:\n~~~~\n{\n  \"name\": \"tableupdatedelete\",\n  \"version\": \"1.0.0\",\n  \"description\": \"\",\n  \"main\": \"index.js\",\n  \"scripts\": {\n    \"test\": \"echo \\\"Error: no test specified\\\" && exit 1\"\n  },\n  \"author\": \"\",\n  \"license\": \"ISC\",\n  \"dependencies\": {\n    \"azure-storage\": \"^2.8.0\",\n    \"web3\": \"0.20.5\"\n  }\n}\n~~~~\n##### \n- Run `npm install` in the `D:\\home\\site\\wwwroot` directory\n![Debug Console](https://steemitimages.com/DQmZtDbnDJTFUTEPrY7FSDGiTMGbVkHspEgPQXr7L8yoSS3/image.png)\n##### \n- Verify that the install worked by adding `require` statements at the top of your script and try running it\n~~~~\nvar azure = require('azure-storage');\nvar Web3 = require(\"web3\")\n~~~~\n\n## 5. Add Your JavaScript\nThe full JavaScript can be found below. &nbsp;I'll break down the various sections.\n#### Setup Your Smart Contact\nTest this code snippet by writing out the results to the `context.log`. &nbsp;This code will create your contract JavaScript object and call a function in our smart contract titled `balanceOf`.\n~~~~\n    web3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.HttpProvider(\"https://kovan.infura.io/YOUR_INFURA_KEY\"))\n    // ABI from Remix\n    var abi = [{ \"constant\": true, \"inputs\": [{ \"name\": \"weiAmount\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"name\": \"weiToToken\", \"outputs\": [{ \"name\": \"tokenAmount\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"view\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"constant\": true, \"inputs\": [{ \"name\": \"tokenAmount\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"name\": \"tokenToWei\", \"outputs\": [{ \"name\": \"weiAmount\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"view\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"constant\": true, \"inputs\": [{ \"name\": \"_owner\", \"type\": \"string\" }], \"name\": \"balanceOf\", \"outputs\": [{ \"name\": \"balance\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"view\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"constant\": true, \"inputs\": [], \"name\": \"TotalFunds\", \"outputs\": [{ \"name\": \"balance\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"view\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"constant\": false, \"inputs\": [{ \"name\": \"priceInWei\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"name\": \"ChangePrice\", \"outputs\": [], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"nonpayable\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"anonymous\": false, \"inputs\": [{ \"indexed\": false, \"name\": \"_managementKey\", \"type\": \"string\" }], \"name\": \"Deposit\", \"type\": \"event\" }, { \"constant\": false, \"inputs\": [], \"name\": \"Withdrawal\", \"outputs\": [], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"nonpayable\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"constant\": false, \"inputs\": [{ \"name\": \"managementKey\", \"type\": \"string\" }], \"name\": \"addFuel\", \"outputs\": [], \"payable\": true, \"stateMutability\": \"payable\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"inputs\": [], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"nonpayable\", \"type\": \"constructor\" }];\n    // Replace with your Kovan address\n    contractAddress = \"0x3b9...5f4\";\n    var ClientReceipt = web3.eth.contract(abi);\n    contract = ClientReceipt.at(contractAddress);\n    // Call \"balanceOf\" function in smart contract\n   // pass in string param: managementKey\n   // interpret int256 result using\n    contract.balanceOf(managementKey, function (scError, result) {\n        context.log(result.toNumber());\n    } \n~~~~\n#### Query Your Table\nThis snippet will query your table for all entities in a given partition and output some property. &nbsp;In this example, I'm querying the _users_ partition, and writing out the _managementKey_ property.\n~~~~\nlet connectionString = process.env.YOUR_STORAGE_NAME;\nlet tableService = azure.createTableService(connectionString);\n// I'm querying all rows from the 'users' partition\nvar query = new azure.TableQuery()\n.where('PartitionKey eq ?', 'users');\ntableService.queryEntities('YOUR_TABLE_NAME', query, null, function(queryError, queryResult, response) {\n\tif(!queryError) {\n\t\tfor (var i = 0; i < queryResult.entries.length; i++) {\n\t\t\tvar user = queryResult.entries[i];\n\t\t\t// Log row property \"managementKey\"\n\t\t\tcontext.log(user.managementKey._);\n\t\t}\n\t}\n});\n~~~~\n#### Update Your Table\nOften you'll want to modify some record in the table based on the result from the smart contract function. &nbsp;Here, I'm updating the user's balance and replacing the entity in the table. &nbsp;Since the user object is the same object that we read from the table, it will contain appropriate RowKey, PartitionKey, and ETag.\n~~~~\nuser.accountBalance._ = balance;\nuser.disabled._ = false;\n// Async call to update record\ntableService.replaceEntity('YOUR_TABLE_NAME',  user, (error, result, response) => {\n\tif (!error) {\n\t\tresolve(\"Successfully updated user balance\");\n\t}                    \n\telse {\n\t\treject(\"Update record error: \" + error);\n\t}\n});\n~~~~\n\n#### Putting it All Together\n~~~~\nvar azure = require('azure-storage');\nvar Web3 = require(\"web3\")\n\nmodule.exports = function (context, myTimer) {\n    var timeStamp = new Date().toISOString();\n    \n    if(myTimer.isPastDue)\n    {\n        context.log('JavaScript is running late!');\n    }\n    context.log('JavaScript timer trigger function ran!', timeStamp);   \n    \n\t// Setup smart contract\n\tweb3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.HttpProvider(\"https://kovan.infura.io/YOUR_INFURA_KEY\"))\n\tvar abi = [{ \"constant\": true, \"inputs\": [{ \"name\": \"weiAmount\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"name\": \"weiToToken\", \"outputs\": [{ \"name\": \"tokenAmount\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"view\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"constant\": true, \"inputs\": [{ \"name\": \"tokenAmount\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"name\": \"tokenToWei\", \"outputs\": [{ \"name\": \"weiAmount\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"view\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"constant\": true, \"inputs\": [{ \"name\": \"_owner\", \"type\": \"string\" }], \"name\": \"balanceOf\", \"outputs\": [{ \"name\": \"balance\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"view\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"constant\": true, \"inputs\": [], \"name\": \"TotalFunds\", \"outputs\": [{ \"name\": \"balance\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"view\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"constant\": false, \"inputs\": [{ \"name\": \"priceInWei\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"name\": \"ChangePrice\", \"outputs\": [], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"nonpayable\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"anonymous\": false, \"inputs\": [{ \"indexed\": false, \"name\": \"_managementKey\", \"type\": \"string\" }], \"name\": \"Deposit\", \"type\": \"event\" }, { \"constant\": false, \"inputs\": [], \"name\": \"Withdrawal\", \"outputs\": [], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"nonpayable\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"constant\": false, \"inputs\": [{ \"name\": \"managementKey\", \"type\": \"string\" }], \"name\": \"addFuel\", \"outputs\": [], \"payable\": true, \"stateMutability\": \"payable\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"inputs\": [], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"nonpayable\", \"type\": \"constructor\" }];\n\t// Your Kovan address\n\tcontractAddress = \"0x3b9...05f4\";\n\tvar ClientReceipt = web3.eth.contract(abi);\n\tcontract = ClientReceipt.at(contractAddress);\n\n\tlet connectionString = process.env.YOUR_STORAGE_NAME;\n\tlet tableService = azure.createTableService(connectionString);\n\tvar query = new azure.TableQuery()\n\t.where('PartitionKey eq ?', 'users');\n\ttableService.queryEntities('YOUR_TABLE_NAME', query, null, function(queryError, queryResult, response) {\n\t\tif(!queryError) {\n\t\t\tvar blockchainRequests = [];\n\t\t\tfor (var i = 0; i < queryResult.entries.length; i++) {\n\t\t\t\tvar user = queryResult.entries[i];\n\t\t\t\tblockchainRequests.push(new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { \n\t\t\t\t\tresolve(checkBlockchainForUpdate(context, tableService, user, contract))\n\t\t\t\t}));\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t// Resolve only once all requests have completed\n\t\t\tPromise.all(blockchainRequests).then(function(values) {\n\t\t\t  context.log(\"blockchainRequests: \" + values);\n\t\t\t  context.done();\n\t\t\t});\n\t\t}\n\t\telse {\n\t\t\tcontext.log(\"Query error: \" + queryError);\n\t\t\tcontext.done();\n\t\t}\n\t});\n};\n\nfunction checkBlockchainForUpdate(context, tableService, user, contract){\n\tvar managementKey = user.managementKey._;\n\t// Async request to Ethereum contract\n\treturn new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {\n\t\tcontract.balanceOf(managementKey, function (scError, result) \n\t\t{ \n\t\t\tif (scError){\n\t\t\t\treject(\"BalanceOf error: \" + scError);\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t// return the user balance\n\t\t\t\tresolve(result.toNumber());\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t});\n\t}).then(function(balance) {\n\t\tif (user.accountBalance._ != balance){\n\t\t\treturn new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {\n\t\t\t\tcontext.log(\"Updating user's balance\\n user:\"+managementKey+\", old balance:\"+user.accountBalance._+\", new balance:\"+balance);\n\t\t\t\tuser.accountBalance._ = balance;\n\t\t\t\tuser.disabled._ = false;\n\t\t\t\t// Async call to update record\n\t\t\t\ttableService.replaceEntity('YOUR_TABLE_NAME', user, (error, result, response) => {\n\t\t\t\t\tif (!error) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tresolve(\"Successfully updated user balance\");\n\t\t\t\t\t}                    \n\t\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\t\treject(\"Update record error: \" + error);\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t})\n\t\t}\n\t\treturn Promise.resolve(managementKey+\": Balance up to date\");\n\t})\n\t.then(function(message) {\n\t\treturn message;\n\t})\n\t.catch((err) => {\n\t\treturn 'checkBlockchainForUpdate failed: ' + err;\n\t})\n}\n~~~~\n\n## Conclusion\nAlthough this application is not decentralized, the application is more valuable with the ability to sync state with the blockchain. &nbsp;100% of my users will have Ether (as miners), thus Ethereum provides a convenient and anonymous way to make small payments. &nbsp;Pulling blockchain data into an Azure Table opens up some really cool integration options:\n - Anonymous payments (see above example)\n - [Machine learning and analytics](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/machine-learning-studio/) on Blockchain data\n - [IOT integration](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/iot-hub/)\n - Event ingestion using [Event Hub](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/event-hubs/) or [Service Bus](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/service-bus/)",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"blockchain\",\"azure\",\"mining\",\"ethereum\",\"cryptocurrency\"],\"image\":[\"https://steemitimages.com/DQmXy51oZxCJKJ1ta1DbSYX4ARbAV2JViXPTfYGnhDBnPWE/image.png\",\"https://steemitimages.com/DQmUGSP2dKFymrK4wWRDy9ZnR2U712rpVb5dUVprWAmJ6g9/infura.PNG\",\"https://steemitimages.com/DQmfCoQ5aKbqR3xqwS9rUXL4njKC4pKophNYcpwihpJnQtC/image.png\",\"https://steemitimages.com/DQmZtDbnDJTFUTEPrY7FSDGiTMGbVkHspEgPQXr7L8yoSS3/image.png\"],\"links\":[\"https://cryptomonitor.azurewebsites.net/Signup.html\",\"https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/functions\",\"https://steemit.com/bitcoin/@bornswift/coin-watch-bitcoin-arbitrage-tool\",\"https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/functions/\",\"https://infura.io/signup\",\"https://remix.ethereum.org\",\"https://YOUR_AZURE_FUNCTION_NAME.scm.azurewebsites.net/DebugConsole\",\"https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/machine-learning-studio/\",\"https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/iot-hub/\",\"https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/event-hubs/\",\"https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/service-bus/\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
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{
  "trx_id": "4f58262d13750cdb9bb894e45f2a2b59ca3d5e3a",
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      "parent_permlink": "blockchain",
      "author": "bornswift",
      "permlink": "using-azure-functions-to-call-ethereum-smart-contract",
      "title": "Using Azure Functions to Call Ethereum Smart Contract",
      "body": "_A guide to ingest Blockchain data using Azure's serverless infrastructure_\n\nI recently started mining Ether with a friend as a hobby. &nbsp;Occasionally our mining rig would go down for miscellaneous reasons (power outage, network failure, Windows Defender targeting our mining client). &nbsp;While the miner is down, we're losing potential profit. &nbsp;To solve this, I built a miner monitor that will alert me in the case that the hashrate of the rig drops below a certain threshold. &nbsp;This is a common problem for all miners, so I opened it up to the public. &nbsp;To help fund the costs of the monitor, I incorporated a fuel token which gets burnt every time you get alerted. &nbsp;You can replenish your fuel tokens using a smart contract with Ether.\n\n### <center>[Create your own miner monitor here](https://cryptomonitor.azurewebsites.net/Signup.html)</center>\n![MinerMonitor](https://steemitimages.com/DQmXy51oZxCJKJ1ta1DbSYX4ARbAV2JViXPTfYGnhDBnPWE/image.png)\n\nI had a particular problem where I wanted to use Azure Functions to create a cron job to query data from Ethereum and store it in a database. &nbsp;Unfortunately, Azure Functions does not support Ethereum event triggers (yet!) so I had to setup an Azure Function job using a timer. &nbsp;If you're not familiar with [Azure Functions](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/functions), check out my [previous post to learn more](https://steemit.com/bitcoin/@bornswift/coin-watch-bitcoin-arbitrage-tool).\n\nMy goal was to update a user's balance if they've made a deposit to a smart contract. &nbsp;Let's walk through how it's done. &nbsp;I'll assume that you've already setup your smart contract and have a basic understanding of [Azure Functions](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/functions/). &nbsp;\n\n## 1. Create an Account on Infura\nThe first thing we'll want to do is go Infura and create an account: \n![infura.PNG](https://steemitimages.com/DQmUGSP2dKFymrK4wWRDy9ZnR2U712rpVb5dUVprWAmJ6g9/infura.PNG)\n#### https://infura.io/signup\nSince we don't want to run a light client in Azure, we'll rely upon an endpoint hosted by Infura to reach the Ethereum network.\n\n## 2. Deploy Smart Contract\nCollect the Smart Contract deployment address and ABI. &nbsp;[Remix](https://remix.ethereum.org) is a great tool for deploying your smart contract and collecting this information.\n\n## 3. Create Azure Function\nCreate a new Javascript Azure Function with a Storage Output. &nbsp;![Add Storage](https://steemitimages.com/DQmfCoQ5aKbqR3xqwS9rUXL4njKC4pKophNYcpwihpJnQtC/image.png)\nThis is where we will be storing the results from our blockchain function calls. &nbsp;By creating this output object, we will get the storage connection string passed in as an environment variable. &nbsp;The variable will be named the same as your storage account. &nbsp;Try adding the following snippet to ensure this is setup correctly:\n~~~~\nmodule.exports = function (context, myTimer) {\n    context.log(process.env.YOUR_STORAGE_NAME);\n    context.done();\n}\n~~~~\n\n## 4. Add NPM Modules\nWe'll need to manually install the `npm` modules to use them within the Azure Functions. \n- Navigate to the backend of your Azure Function app:\nhttps://YOUR_AZURE_FUNCTION_NAME.scm.azurewebsites.net/DebugConsole\n- Select _Debug Console_ -> _CMD_\n- Create a file named _package.json_ in `D:\\home\\site\\wwwroot` directory\n- Add the following contents to install`azure-storage` and `web3`:\n~~~~\n{\n  \"name\": \"tableupdatedelete\",\n  \"version\": \"1.0.0\",\n  \"description\": \"\",\n  \"main\": \"index.js\",\n  \"scripts\": {\n    \"test\": \"echo \\\"Error: no test specified\\\" && exit 1\"\n  },\n  \"author\": \"\",\n  \"license\": \"ISC\",\n  \"dependencies\": {\n    \"azure-storage\": \"^2.8.0\",\n    \"web3\": \"0.20.5\"\n  }\n}\n~~~~\n##### \n- Run `npm install` in the `D:\\home\\site\\wwwroot` directory\n![Debug Console](https://steemitimages.com/DQmZtDbnDJTFUTEPrY7FSDGiTMGbVkHspEgPQXr7L8yoSS3/image.png)\n##### \n- Verify that the install worked by adding `require` statements at the top of your script and try running it\n~~~~\nvar azure = require('azure-storage');\nvar Web3 = require(\"web3\")\n~~~~\n\n## 5. Add Your JavaScript\nThe full JavaScript can be found below. &nbsp;I'll break down the various sections.\n#### Setup Your Smart Contact\nTest this code snippet by writing out the results to the `context.log`. &nbsp;This code will create your contract JavaScript object and call a function in our smart contract titled `balanceOf`.\n~~~~\n    web3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.HttpProvider(\"https://kovan.infura.io/YOUR_INFURA_KEY\"))\n    // ABI from Remix\n    var abi = [{ \"constant\": true, \"inputs\": [{ \"name\": \"weiAmount\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"name\": \"weiToToken\", \"outputs\": [{ \"name\": \"tokenAmount\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"view\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"constant\": true, \"inputs\": [{ \"name\": \"tokenAmount\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"name\": \"tokenToWei\", \"outputs\": [{ \"name\": \"weiAmount\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"view\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"constant\": true, \"inputs\": [{ \"name\": \"_owner\", \"type\": \"string\" }], \"name\": \"balanceOf\", \"outputs\": [{ \"name\": \"balance\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"view\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"constant\": true, \"inputs\": [], \"name\": \"TotalFunds\", \"outputs\": [{ \"name\": \"balance\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"view\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"constant\": false, \"inputs\": [{ \"name\": \"priceInWei\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"name\": \"ChangePrice\", \"outputs\": [], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"nonpayable\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"anonymous\": false, \"inputs\": [{ \"indexed\": false, \"name\": \"_managementKey\", \"type\": \"string\" }], \"name\": \"Deposit\", \"type\": \"event\" }, { \"constant\": false, \"inputs\": [], \"name\": \"Withdrawal\", \"outputs\": [], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"nonpayable\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"constant\": false, \"inputs\": [{ \"name\": \"managementKey\", \"type\": \"string\" }], \"name\": \"addFuel\", \"outputs\": [], \"payable\": true, \"stateMutability\": \"payable\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"inputs\": [], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"nonpayable\", \"type\": \"constructor\" }];\n    // Replace with your Kovan address\n    contractAddress = \"0x3b9...5f4\";\n    var ClientReceipt = web3.eth.contract(abi);\n    contract = ClientReceipt.at(contractAddress);\n    // Call \"balanceOf\" function in smart contract\n   // pass in string param: managementKey\n   // interpret int256 result using\n    contract.balanceOf(managementKey, function (scError, result) {\n        context.log(result.toNumber());\n    } \n~~~~\n#### Query Your Table\nThis snippet will query your table for all entities in a given partition and output some property. &nbsp;In this example, I'm querying the _users_ partition, and writing out the _managementKey_ property.\n~~~~\nlet connectionString = process.env.YOUR_STORAGE_NAME;\nlet tableService = azure.createTableService(connectionString);\n// I'm querying all rows from the 'users' partition\nvar query = new azure.TableQuery()\n.where('PartitionKey eq ?', 'users');\ntableService.queryEntities('YOUR_TABLE_NAME', query, null, function(queryError, queryResult, response) {\n\tif(!queryError) {\n\t\tfor (var i = 0; i < queryResult.entries.length; i++) {\n\t\t\tvar user = queryResult.entries[i];\n\t\t\t// Log row property \"managementKey\"\n\t\t\tcontext.log(user.managementKey._);\n\t\t}\n\t}\n});\n~~~~\n#### Update Your Table\nOften you'll want to modify some record in the table based on the result from the smart contract function. &nbsp;Here, I'm updating the user's balance and replacing the entity in the table. &nbsp;Since the user object is the same object that we read from the table, it will contain appropriate RowKey, PartitionKey, and ETag.\n~~~~\nuser.accountBalance._ = balance;\nuser.disabled._ = false;\n// Async call to update record\ntableService.replaceEntity('YOUR_TABLE_NAME',  user, (error, result, response) => {\n\tif (!error) {\n\t\tresolve(\"Successfully updated user balance\");\n\t}                    \n\telse {\n\t\treject(\"Update record error: \" + error);\n\t}\n});\n~~~~\n\n#### Putting it All Together\n~~~~\nvar azure = require('azure-storage');\nvar Web3 = require(\"web3\")\n\nmodule.exports = function (context, myTimer) {\n    var timeStamp = new Date().toISOString();\n    \n    if(myTimer.isPastDue)\n    {\n        context.log('JavaScript is running late!');\n    }\n    context.log('JavaScript timer trigger function ran!', timeStamp);   \n    \n\t// Setup smart contract\n\tweb3 = new Web3(new Web3.providers.HttpProvider(\"https://kovan.infura.io/YOUR_INFURA_KEY\"))\n\tvar abi = [{ \"constant\": true, \"inputs\": [{ \"name\": \"weiAmount\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"name\": \"weiToToken\", \"outputs\": [{ \"name\": \"tokenAmount\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"view\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"constant\": true, \"inputs\": [{ \"name\": \"tokenAmount\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"name\": \"tokenToWei\", \"outputs\": [{ \"name\": \"weiAmount\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"view\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"constant\": true, \"inputs\": [{ \"name\": \"_owner\", \"type\": \"string\" }], \"name\": \"balanceOf\", \"outputs\": [{ \"name\": \"balance\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"view\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"constant\": true, \"inputs\": [], \"name\": \"TotalFunds\", \"outputs\": [{ \"name\": \"balance\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"view\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"constant\": false, \"inputs\": [{ \"name\": \"priceInWei\", \"type\": \"uint256\" }], \"name\": \"ChangePrice\", \"outputs\": [], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"nonpayable\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"anonymous\": false, \"inputs\": [{ \"indexed\": false, \"name\": \"_managementKey\", \"type\": \"string\" }], \"name\": \"Deposit\", \"type\": \"event\" }, { \"constant\": false, \"inputs\": [], \"name\": \"Withdrawal\", \"outputs\": [], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"nonpayable\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"constant\": false, \"inputs\": [{ \"name\": \"managementKey\", \"type\": \"string\" }], \"name\": \"addFuel\", \"outputs\": [], \"payable\": true, \"stateMutability\": \"payable\", \"type\": \"function\" }, { \"inputs\": [], \"payable\": false, \"stateMutability\": \"nonpayable\", \"type\": \"constructor\" }];\n\t// Your Kovan address\n\tcontractAddress = \"0x3b9...05f4\";\n\tvar ClientReceipt = web3.eth.contract(abi);\n\tcontract = ClientReceipt.at(contractAddress);\n\n\tlet connectionString = process.env.YOUR_STORAGE_NAME;\n\tlet tableService = azure.createTableService(connectionString);\n\tvar query = new azure.TableQuery()\n\t.where('PartitionKey eq ?', 'users');\n\ttableService.queryEntities('YOUR_TABLE_NAME', query, null, function(queryError, queryResult, response) {\n\t\tif(!queryError) {\n\t\t\tvar blockchainRequests = [];\n\t\t\tfor (var i = 0; i < queryResult.entries.length; i++) {\n\t\t\t\tvar user = queryResult.entries[i];\n\t\t\t\tblockchainRequests.push(new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { \n\t\t\t\t\tresolve(checkBlockchainForUpdate(context, tableService, user, contract))\n\t\t\t\t}));\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t// Resolve only once all requests have completed\n\t\t\tPromise.all(blockchainRequests).then(function(values) {\n\t\t\t  context.log(\"blockchainRequests: \" + values);\n\t\t\t  context.done();\n\t\t\t});\n\t\t}\n\t\telse {\n\t\t\tcontext.log(\"Query error: \" + queryError);\n\t\t\tcontext.done();\n\t\t}\n\t});\n};\n\nfunction checkBlockchainForUpdate(context, tableService, user, contract){\n\tvar managementKey = user.managementKey._;\n\t// Async request to Ethereum contract\n\treturn new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {\n\t\tcontract.balanceOf(managementKey, function (scError, result) \n\t\t{ \n\t\t\tif (scError){\n\t\t\t\treject(\"BalanceOf error: \" + scError);\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t// return the user balance\n\t\t\t\tresolve(result.toNumber());\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t});\n\t}).then(function(balance) {\n\t\tif (user.accountBalance._ != balance){\n\t\t\treturn new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {\n\t\t\t\tcontext.log(\"Updating user's balance\\n user:\"+managementKey+\", old balance:\"+user.accountBalance._+\", new balance:\"+balance);\n\t\t\t\tuser.accountBalance._ = balance;\n\t\t\t\tuser.disabled._ = false;\n\t\t\t\t// Async call to update record\n\t\t\t\ttableService.replaceEntity('YOUR_TABLE_NAME', user, (error, result, response) => {\n\t\t\t\t\tif (!error) {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tresolve(\"Successfully updated user balance\");\n\t\t\t\t\t}                    \n\t\t\t\t\telse {\n\t\t\t\t\t\treject(\"Update record error: \" + error);\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\t});\n\t\t\t})\n\t\t}\n\t\treturn Promise.resolve(managementKey+\": Balance up to date\");\n\t})\n\t.then(function(message) {\n\t\treturn message;\n\t})\n\t.catch((err) => {\n\t\treturn 'checkBlockchainForUpdate failed: ' + err;\n\t})\n}\n~~~~\n\n## Conclusion\nAlthough this application is not decentralized, the application is more valuable with the ability to sync state with the blockchain. &nbsp;100% of my users will have Ether (as miners), thus Ethereum provides a convenient and anonymous way to make small payments. &nbsp;Pulling blockchain data into an Azure Table opens up some really cool integration options:\n - Anonymous payments (see above example)\n - [Machine learning and analytics](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/machine-learning-studio/) on Blockchain data\n - [IOT integration](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/iot-hub/)\n - Event ingestion using [Event Hub](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/event-hubs/) or [Service Bus](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/service-bus/)",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"blockchain\",\"azure\",\"mining\",\"ethereum\",\"cryptocurrency\"],\"image\":[\"https://steemitimages.com/DQmXy51oZxCJKJ1ta1DbSYX4ARbAV2JViXPTfYGnhDBnPWE/image.png\",\"https://steemitimages.com/DQmUGSP2dKFymrK4wWRDy9ZnR2U712rpVb5dUVprWAmJ6g9/infura.PNG\",\"https://steemitimages.com/DQmfCoQ5aKbqR3xqwS9rUXL4njKC4pKophNYcpwihpJnQtC/image.png\",\"https://steemitimages.com/DQmZtDbnDJTFUTEPrY7FSDGiTMGbVkHspEgPQXr7L8yoSS3/image.png\"],\"links\":[\"https://cryptomonitor.azurewebsites.net/Signup.html\",\"https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/functions\",\"https://steemit.com/bitcoin/@bornswift/coin-watch-bitcoin-arbitrage-tool\",\"https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/functions/\",\"https://infura.io/signup\",\"https://remix.ethereum.org\",\"https://YOUR_AZURE_FUNCTION_NAME.scm.azurewebsites.net/DebugConsole\",\"https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/machine-learning-studio/\",\"https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/iot-hub/\",\"https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/event-hubs/\",\"https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/service-bus/\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
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      "body": "![rai-stones.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmTsk8EcZ8y57Yuzkv97SpcR77gktP3Q26uqjGaaGi296k/rai-stones.jpg)\n\nThere are a set of small islands in the Pacific whose citizens used massive stone disks as their form of currency ([Rai Stones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rai_stones)).  The stones were too large to move, so during a transaction, ownership of the stone would simply pass from one person to another by word of mouth.  A problem arises here if I purchase something from you in exchange for my stone, then without telling you, go to someone else and barter with them using the same stone.  This is called the double spend problem and will quickly devalue any currency.  The two solutions to the problem are as follows:\n\n1. Rely upon a single middleman for every transaction; some designated authority that can bless each transaction.\n  - A middleman can ensure that no coin is spent twice. \n  - A middleman has power over the system and can begin taking large cuts to facilitate the transaction.\n2. Each transaction is broadcast to the entire community.  Once everyone has heard of the transaction, then the coin is considered spent.\n- This is slow but cheap.  No middleman to decide whether your transaction should go through or not.\n- This solution doesn't scale past a small village.\n\nIt's clear which example is a system relying on banks and which is the peer-to-peer economy.  In the peer-to-peer system, every person must keep track of the where each coin currently resides through the use of a ledger (this is the blockchain).  You could imagine that as such a system grew, there would be so much chatter that it would be difficult to keep everyone on the same page.  The existing Proof-of-Work (PoW) system provides a democratized way for selecting a member of the community to add some data to the blockchain (a way to take turns).   More on PoW in a future post.\n\nThroughout history, we've relied upon barter systems and peer-to-peer economies to facilitate our transaction needs.   However, as we sought-after further growth, we realized that these systems do not scale past a small village.  Once centralized systems were invented, civilization flourished because it allowed the economy to scale.   Thanks to the speed-of-light data transmission of the internet and the invention of a decentralized blockchain, we now have the ability to have the best of both worlds: __a global, peer-to-peer economy__.",
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      "body": "![Bitcoin.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmYFVEbHdUquhy4zJXEsTVfXtUkHooS3dPF9kD6BtPjQrk/Bitcoin-Price.jpg)\n\nOne of the first questions that many people ask as they dive into the world of #crypto is \"What's backing #cryptocurrency? Where does it get its value from?\". &nbsp;Value of any asset simply comes from the demand. &nbsp;The demand is influenced both by the utility and the scarcity (aka supply). &nbsp;When the system was designed, it was created with a finite supply (21M in the case of #Bitcoin), which cannot be modified as the system is decentralized. &nbsp;Setting supply aside, let's look at the value derived from utility.\n\nUtility encompasses both today's utility and tomorrow's utility (speculation). &nbsp;Today's utility can more easily be predicted: if an individual or business can use cryptocurrency to save $100 through disintermediation, then they'd be willing to pay up to $99 to use said cryptocurrency. &nbsp;This drives up demand on a scarce resource. &nbsp;The speculated utility is based on predicting the future, something humans are pretty terrible at. &nbsp;Because of the uncertainty of the future, humans rely upon emotion to speculate their prediction. &nbsp;If the investing population is not diverse enough this leads to wild price swings (see crypto 😜).\n\n<p align=\"center\">\n  <img width=\"460\" height=\"300\" src=\"https://steemitimages.com/DQmQaSfAyZvbTefExHvnUDGZrGx7rKL6bmYveJa5jx9aRKZ/tenor.gif\">\n</p>\n\nMany cryptocurrencies provide utility today and have a solid price floor. &nbsp;Utility today can be seen through disintermediation, better control of assets, remittances, entertainment, diversification, medium of exchange, etc. &nbsp;Many (more) cryptocurrencies have purely speculative value, which makes them naturally more risky. &nbsp;It's important to understand that cryptocurrencies are diverse and fall under a wide range on this scale. &nbsp;Don't assume all cryptocurrencies are solid and don't assume all cryptocurrencies are scams.\n\nDid I miss anything?  Add your points to the comments below!",
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