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      "body": "Hey there @blurhy, welcome to STEEM. If you join @schoolofminnows, you can receive votes for free.\n            1. Your post will appear in post-promotion on the discord.\n            2. Your posts will also get featured on the school of minnows account on steem\n            https://steemit.com/@schoolofminnows\n            3. You get votes from other members.\n            4. The whole thing is FREE.\n            To join follow this link:\n            https://steem.host/connect/steempunks",
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      "title": "IPZN, a new ZeroNet based on IPFS",
      "body": "![sticker.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmWFccm7r6nyRiuwFUrBGZ4yqmqpogTC11pK8XSZswLhAw/sticker.png)\n\nhttps://gitlab.com/ipzn/ipzn\n\nIPZN is a new ZeroNet based on IPFS, which mean it uses IPFS(libp2p) protocol and IPLD datastructure.\nTo be compatible, it also supports ZeroNet protocol and ZeroNet data structure (Filesystem).\n\nWhen all users moved to IPZN, the ZeroNet protocol will be possibly abandoned.\n\n## Pros and cons of using IPFS as infrastructure.\n\nPros:\n- Everything is efficiently stored. IPFS uses merkledag structure and addresses everything as multihash, and large files are splitted to small chunks.\n- Supports DHT, and many other routing methods.\n- Immutable, as I said above, everything is content-addreesed, and so it's immutable.\n- Modularized, better code architecture.\n- Used by enterprises, which means government will not blocked due to economy effect. Compared to ZeroNet and BitTorrent, ZeroNet can be blocked without considering anything, because it's just illegal\n  - Example, a Chinese p2p file syncing software for enterprise. http://www.verysync.com/\n\nCons:\n- Due to content-addressing, what you are looking for can be known by others, so pirating becomes dangerous\n  - Solution: Use tor or i2p\n\nIPZN's purpose is a general purpose d-app platform/framework, make d-app dev easier.\n\n## What IPFS to use?\n\nCurrently, go-ipfs's pubsub is not finished, js-ipfs's DHT is not done. So we have to wait for them.\n\nIPZN will support operating IPFS both in js-ipfs direct node js api call, making `js-ipfs` a dependency, and use `js-ipfs-http-client` to control external ipfs daemon.\n\n\n## Programming language to use\n\nI think we should use typescript, but I haven't learnt it yet.\n\n## IPZN works like git.\n\nIt has metadata chain, you can think it's chain of content json.\nEvery site has a metadata chain, each metadata is a ipld block(aka dag object), which has\n\n- Data\n  - Real data \n    - Previous metadata multihash\n    - Timestamp\n    - Multihash of site directory root object\n  - Publick key\n  - Signature\n- (No links in this ipld object)\n\nWhen you modify a site, the modification is added to pending list.\nThen you flush the modifications, all objects are added to ipld by `ipfs.add`(Not MFS). You got a new metadata\n\nFor a user, its contents are stored in 'sites' that has metadata too, for each site respectively.\n\nUser contents are propagated with pubsub(WIP).\n\nIn api, a ipzn site can query the list of known user content sites.\n\nWe won't automatically add user content to sqlite database, except for compatibility.\n\n## Why importing data to sqlite is bad?\n\nIt takes hours to build a large index site, e.g. search engine horizon. Especially on HDD. Although it seems not significant on small sites, it also has huge effect on performance.\nFor example, we want to build a decentralized Facebook. Every second a new post is sent, the ipfs client receives the content and adds it to immutable content storage level db, the content won't be modified until garbage collection.\nIf you use auto sqlite importing，we need a second step after receiving a message.\nBecause sqlite database is not for storing immutable data, e.g. change post content, the db may be malformed in concurrent operations.\n\n### Solution\n\nDirectly query in ipfs, aggregate data client-side.\nIn the future, we should use golang for better performance.\n\n## To be compatible to ZeroNet\n\nActually partly, and not possible to be fully.\n\nWe need multiformats of crypto, encrypt, decrypt and sign, since crypto functions are secure forever. Eddsa is better than what bitcoin uses.\n\nIn ipzn, the publoc key and signature are represented as multiformats, but receiving from and sending to ZeroNet, we tranform the format to normal.\n\n### What to sign?\n\nIpzn, in low level, won't care about user content, so data is binary. However, we can't give ZeroNet a content json with a field filled with based encoded random stuff.\nSo if a site wants compatibility, it needs basic info. And in ipzn, the basic info are stored as bson, but the content to be signed is json. In user content sites, the same.\nGive and receive content from ZeroNet, in json.\nSign in json, store in bson.\n\nNote that there's no data directly stored in metadata, only hashes and timestamp.Content json prepared for ZeroNet is a bson of a object in site root directory.\n\nZeroNet -> Json --Transform--> Bson -> IPZN (-> Dapp)\n\nIPZN -> Bson --Transform--> Json -> ZeroNet\n\nIPZN -> Bson -> Json -> Sign, Bson -> Store\n\nThings above are only for sites wnat compatibility.\n\n## Backend\n\nWe should not use frontend to do heavy work because sometimes the network is very slow if ipzn is running on a vps, i experienced.\n\nSo, if things can be done with a single connection, that's good.\n\nTwo types of backend, so far\n- node.js, by vm2\n- python, i don't know if the security is ok\n\n## Pre-render\n\nBy a node.js pre-render engine, using headless chrome, optional.\nFor spiders like Google\n\nIt's necessary to be indexed by Google\n\n## Blockchain - Consensus and incentivization\n\n- Proof of Work\n\nThis wastes resources and makes the network centralized, unacceptable for me.\n\n- Proof of Stake, the more money you have, the more probability you are selected to verify a block and earn money\n\nIt makes the rich richer, the poor poorer, still not good.\n\n- [Delegated Proof-of-Stake](https://how.bitshares.works/en/master/technology/dpos.html#id2), the rich vote for others, the more votes you get, the more probability you are selected to verify a block and earn money.\n\nThis is the best method, so far, I think\n\n### Why we need blockchain for dWeb ?\n\nYou may say it is not necessary, but imagine that you have some resources, only a few people needs it, there's no enough peers to start downloading from another computer.\nSo you can download films with bittorrent fastly, and can't download rare stuff.\n\nIn order to make others seed your file, when they don't want your file, you have to pay for storage and retrieval.\n\nOne day, you also provide file storage to others, you can earn coins then.\n\nThat's the transferring of value, which incentives peers to do something.\n\n### So what I am going to do ?\n\nExcept FileCoin for storage, Steemit for quality content, what's missing ?\n\n- Quality search results, SearchCoin\n- Real, and Quality user, Decentralized Verification\n\nAnd with blockchain, we can also:\n\n- Decentralized autonomous organization, make development and management to IPZN completely decentralized\n\n## SearchCoin\n\nCentralized dweb search engine can be easily banned, but we really need a search engine for dWeb.\n\nI finally found a way to make decentralized dweb search engine, and of course, not just YaCy.\n\nIt seems like a combining of FileCoin and Steemit.\n\nWhen you search something, the request is broadcasted to all nodes that provide searching service, then they return the result to you. If you are satisfied to the result, you vote for it, and the providers earned money.\nResults from nodes are mixed and sorted by their weight/wealth.\n\n## Light weight search engine/ index\n\nAnother type of decentralized search engine, this uses less space.\n\nOr it's just a better ZeroSites/index. All nodes can add a description for a site, and sorted by non-blockchain reputation, the peers count a user has.\n\n## Decentralized verification\n\nDAO and the stakeholders in delegated proof-of-stake mechanism give the requester a challenge (e.g. computer generated captcha), and the verifiers vote to determine accept him or not.\n\nCompared to ZeroId, after all, it's still more decentralized.",
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