Ecoer Logo
VOTING POWER100.00%
DOWNVOTE POWER100.00%
RESOURCE CREDITS100.00%
REPUTATION PROGRESS53.44%
Net Worth
0.000USD
STEEM
0.000STEEM
SBD
0.000SBD
Effective Power
3.347SP
├── Own SP
0.000SP
└── Incoming Deleg
+3.347SP

Detailed Balance

STEEM
balance
0.000STEEM
market_balance
0.000STEEM
savings_balance
0.000STEEM
reward_steem_balance
0.000STEEM
STEEM POWER
Own SP
0.000SP
Delegated Out
0.000SP
Delegation In
3.347SP
Effective Power
3.347SP
Reward SP (pending)
0.000SP
SBD
sbd_balance
0.000SBD
sbd_conversions
0.000SBD
sbd_market_balance
0.000SBD
savings_sbd_balance
0.000SBD
reward_sbd_balance
0.000SBD
{
  "balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "received_vesting_shares": "5442.364207 VESTS",
  "sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "conversions": []
}

Account Info

namebibekmagar
id1857531
rank1,444,894
reputation1480771321
created2023-08-24T08:10:48
recovery_accountsteemcurator01
proxyNone
post_count1
comment_count0
lifetime_vote_count0
witnesses_voted_for0
last_post2023-08-24T08:19:33
last_root_post2023-08-24T08:19:33
last_vote_time2024-12-02T02:32:51
proxied_vsf_votes0, 0, 0, 0
can_vote1
voting_power0
delayed_votes0
balance0.000 STEEM
savings_balance0.000 STEEM
sbd_balance0.000 SBD
savings_sbd_balance0.000 SBD
vesting_shares0.000000 VESTS
delegated_vesting_shares0.000000 VESTS
received_vesting_shares5442.364207 VESTS
reward_vesting_balance0.000000 VESTS
vesting_balance0.000 STEEM
vesting_withdraw_rate0.000000 VESTS
next_vesting_withdrawal1969-12-31T23:59:59
withdrawn0
to_withdraw0
withdraw_routes0
savings_withdraw_requests0
last_account_recovery1970-01-01T00:00:00
reset_accountnull
last_owner_update1970-01-01T00:00:00
last_account_update1970-01-01T00:00:00
minedNo
sbd_seconds0
sbd_last_interest_payment1970-01-01T00:00:00
savings_sbd_last_interest_payment1970-01-01T00:00:00
{
  "id": 1857531,
  "name": "bibekmagar",
  "owner": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM6s1eH3J7Kwvjxwr2bESUEDFLiDf3Kdwn8QnykqL1EvXbMge9x7",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "active": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM6grrB6EWsSRUpF1TzhoQk1vso19qcw1ay6LpYF2TJiYUXdGi2X",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "posting": {
    "weight_threshold": 1,
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM818FcXt1qHA7AfDXVGNtZUNuf42UcLyQjpaFCpnbZ8V5ht6PP7",
        1
      ]
    ]
  },
  "memo_key": "STM5GrAoWBioiV8FTvUsYuiFMd6rv8AYz9NYhp1Lcra8h4Bw8vijt",
  "json_metadata": "{}",
  "posting_json_metadata": "",
  "proxy": "",
  "last_owner_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "last_account_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "created": "2023-08-24T08:10:48",
  "mined": false,
  "recovery_account": "steemcurator01",
  "last_account_recovery": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "reset_account": "null",
  "comment_count": 0,
  "lifetime_vote_count": 0,
  "post_count": 1,
  "can_vote": true,
  "voting_manabar": {
    "current_mana": "5442364207",
    "last_update_time": 1776033285
  },
  "downvote_manabar": {
    "current_mana": 1360591051,
    "last_update_time": 1776033285
  },
  "voting_power": 0,
  "balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "sbd_seconds": "0",
  "sbd_seconds_last_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "savings_sbd_seconds": "0",
  "savings_sbd_seconds_last_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_withdraw_requests": 0,
  "reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reward_vesting_balance": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "reward_vesting_steem": "0.000 STEEM",
  "vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "received_vesting_shares": "5442.364207 VESTS",
  "vesting_withdraw_rate": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "next_vesting_withdrawal": "1969-12-31T23:59:59",
  "withdrawn": 0,
  "to_withdraw": 0,
  "withdraw_routes": 0,
  "curation_rewards": 0,
  "posting_rewards": 0,
  "proxied_vsf_votes": [
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0
  ],
  "witnesses_voted_for": 0,
  "last_post": "2023-08-24T08:19:33",
  "last_root_post": "2023-08-24T08:19:33",
  "last_vote_time": "2024-12-02T02:32:51",
  "post_bandwidth": 0,
  "pending_claimed_accounts": 0,
  "vesting_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reputation": 1480771321,
  "transfer_history": [],
  "market_history": [],
  "post_history": [],
  "vote_history": [],
  "other_history": [],
  "witness_votes": [],
  "tags_usage": [],
  "guest_bloggers": [],
  "rank": 1444894
}

Withdraw Routes

IncomingOutgoing
Empty
Empty
{
  "incoming": [],
  "outgoing": []
}
From Date
To Date
steemdelegated 3.347 SP to @bibekmagar
2026/04/12 22:34:45
delegatorsteem
delegateebibekmagar
vesting shares5442.364207 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #105136337/Trx a2e996292aa9392a195eb73877bc7178f7c47027
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "a2e996292aa9392a195eb73877bc7178f7c47027",
  "block": 105136337,
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-04-12T22:34:45",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "bibekmagar",
      "vesting_shares": "5442.364207 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 3.447 SP to @bibekmagar
2025/03/03 04:08:18
delegatorsteem
delegateebibekmagar
vesting shares5605.669759 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #93482618/Trx 89534fb9bed4fd861f0d6831c957c210265f4a30
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "89534fb9bed4fd861f0d6831c957c210265f4a30",
  "block": 93482618,
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2025-03-03T04:08:18",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "bibekmagar",
      "vesting_shares": "5605.669759 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
bibekmagarsent 0.003 STEEM to @olgiz247
2024/12/21 02:45:27
frombibekmagar
toolgiz247
amount0.003 STEEM
memo
Transaction InfoBlock #91412664/Trx 91406f08cf09e8e62e49e03a1e97d246b8f73ed2
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "91406f08cf09e8e62e49e03a1e97d246b8f73ed2",
  "block": 91412664,
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2024-12-21T02:45:27",
  "op": [
    "transfer",
    {
      "from": "bibekmagar",
      "to": "olgiz247",
      "amount": "0.003 STEEM",
      "memo": ""
    }
  ]
}
2024/12/02 02:32:51
voterbibekmagar
authormidobashamido
permlinkbro-s-weight-just-doesn-t-increase
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #90866559/Trx 4df6be5fc7f12d31efbf0f6d7ce938a5283f0ded
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "4df6be5fc7f12d31efbf0f6d7ce938a5283f0ded",
  "block": 90866559,
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2024-12-02T02:32:51",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "bibekmagar",
      "author": "midobashamido",
      "permlink": "bro-s-weight-just-doesn-t-increase",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 3.568 SP to @bibekmagar
2023/11/23 08:27:48
delegatorsteem
delegateebibekmagar
vesting shares5802.020539 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #80126914/Trx a129ec3f79533193447f470e73ece21db6f08fae
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "a129ec3f79533193447f470e73ece21db6f08fae",
  "block": 80126914,
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2023-11-23T08:27:48",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "bibekmagar",
      "vesting_shares": "5802.020539 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 10.711 SP to @bibekmagar
2023/11/13 13:05:57
delegatorsteem
delegateebibekmagar
vesting shares17419.046848 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #79845567/Trx 1e27c05cc1a04281d0f18d16da90b515fa3d37a7
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "1e27c05cc1a04281d0f18d16da90b515fa3d37a7",
  "block": 79845567,
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2023-11-13T13:05:57",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "bibekmagar",
      "vesting_shares": "17419.046848 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 16.129 SP to @bibekmagar
2023/09/21 19:16:45
delegatorsteem
delegateebibekmagar
vesting shares26230.883206 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #78344782/Trx 32449f9ce72207f6445ebf4d95290841d170158c
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "32449f9ce72207f6445ebf4d95290841d170158c",
  "block": 78344782,
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2023-09-21T19:16:45",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "bibekmagar",
      "vesting_shares": "26230.883206 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
alexmove.witnesssent 0.001 STEEM to @bibekmagar- "Hi, bibekmagar! If you like contests, then I invite you to take part in a series of contests "Workplace" from SelfDevelopment Club. Total prize fund: 375 STEEM. Details in the SelfDevelopment Club com..."
2023/08/24 09:36:06
fromalexmove.witness
tobibekmagar
amount0.001 STEEM
memoHi, bibekmagar! If you like contests, then I invite you to take part in a series of contests "Workplace" from SelfDevelopment Club. Total prize fund: 375 STEEM. Details in the SelfDevelopment Club community. Have a good day, bibekmagar! Good luck! 20230824
Transaction InfoBlock #77532126/Trx 7ec84b6d48f1a330ae0493e99f4c3abdd039c120
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "7ec84b6d48f1a330ae0493e99f4c3abdd039c120",
  "block": 77532126,
  "trx_in_block": 7,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2023-08-24T09:36:06",
  "op": [
    "transfer",
    {
      "from": "alexmove.witness",
      "to": "bibekmagar",
      "amount": "0.001 STEEM",
      "memo": "Hi, bibekmagar! If you like contests, then I invite you to take part in a series of contests \"Workplace\" from SelfDevelopment Club. Total prize fund: 375 STEEM. Details in the SelfDevelopment Club community. Have a good day, bibekmagar! Good luck! 20230824"
    }
  ]
}
2023/08/24 08:46:33
voterinertia
authorbibekmagar
permlinkviral-relicts-in-the-genome-could-fuel-neurodegeneration-researchers-see-ancient-genes-as-potential-targets-for-dementia
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #77531141/Trx bb71935c7643a9aa65ecc88efa90b471ee1a427e
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "bb71935c7643a9aa65ecc88efa90b471ee1a427e",
  "block": 77531141,
  "trx_in_block": 4,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2023-08-24T08:46:33",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "inertia",
      "author": "bibekmagar",
      "permlink": "viral-relicts-in-the-genome-could-fuel-neurodegeneration-researchers-see-ancient-genes-as-potential-targets-for-dementia",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}
alexmove.witnesssent 0.001 STEEM to @bibekmagar- "Please support me @alexmove.witness as witness on site https://steemitwallet.com/~witnesses. I send daily Witness vote STEEM reward and developing a learning project SelfDevelopment Club. Your vote is..."
2023/08/24 08:30:06
fromalexmove.witness
tobibekmagar
amount0.001 STEEM
memoPlease support me @alexmove.witness as witness on site https://steemitwallet.com/~witnesses. I send daily Witness vote STEEM reward and developing a learning project SelfDevelopment Club. Your vote is very important to me, bibekmagar! Good luck! 20230824
Transaction InfoBlock #77530813/Trx 199c60c9f696d20c553efcd307bee80e1418dfea
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "199c60c9f696d20c553efcd307bee80e1418dfea",
  "block": 77530813,
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2023-08-24T08:30:06",
  "op": [
    "transfer",
    {
      "from": "alexmove.witness",
      "to": "bibekmagar",
      "amount": "0.001 STEEM",
      "memo": "Please support me @alexmove.witness as witness on site https://steemitwallet.com/~witnesses. I send daily Witness vote STEEM reward and developing a learning project SelfDevelopment Club. Your vote is very important to me, bibekmagar! Good luck! 20230824"
    }
  ]
}
2023/08/24 08:19:57
voteraburihan1
authorbibekmagar
permlinkviral-relicts-in-the-genome-could-fuel-neurodegeneration-researchers-see-ancient-genes-as-potential-targets-for-dementia
weight100 (1.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #77530610/Trx 7f4c773c0b2b633b628c6197f7118a99325318d9
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "7f4c773c0b2b633b628c6197f7118a99325318d9",
  "block": 77530610,
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2023-08-24T08:19:57",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "aburihan1",
      "author": "bibekmagar",
      "permlink": "viral-relicts-in-the-genome-could-fuel-neurodegeneration-researchers-see-ancient-genes-as-potential-targets-for-dementia",
      "weight": 100
    }
  ]
}
2023/08/24 08:19:48
voterbaizid123
authorbibekmagar
permlinkviral-relicts-in-the-genome-could-fuel-neurodegeneration-researchers-see-ancient-genes-as-potential-targets-for-dementia
weight100 (1.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #77530607/Trx cd488a3c7077f33d1eca0028cd0fb86d0f4c4bc7
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "cd488a3c7077f33d1eca0028cd0fb86d0f4c4bc7",
  "block": 77530607,
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2023-08-24T08:19:48",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "baizid123",
      "author": "bibekmagar",
      "permlink": "viral-relicts-in-the-genome-could-fuel-neurodegeneration-researchers-see-ancient-genes-as-potential-targets-for-dementia",
      "weight": 100
    }
  ]
}
2023/08/24 08:19:42
votersteem.history
authorbibekmagar
permlinkviral-relicts-in-the-genome-could-fuel-neurodegeneration-researchers-see-ancient-genes-as-potential-targets-for-dementia
weight100 (1.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #77530605/Trx aabc1da040d751db2e6af9b2cd3e1d66818f2f17
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "aabc1da040d751db2e6af9b2cd3e1d66818f2f17",
  "block": 77530605,
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2023-08-24T08:19:42",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "steem.history",
      "author": "bibekmagar",
      "permlink": "viral-relicts-in-the-genome-could-fuel-neurodegeneration-researchers-see-ancient-genes-as-potential-targets-for-dementia",
      "weight": 100
    }
  ]
}
2023/08/24 08:19:39
parent authorbibekmagar
parent permlinkviral-relicts-in-the-genome-could-fuel-neurodegeneration-researchers-see-ancient-genes-as-potential-targets-for-dementia
authorsteem.history
permlinkre-bibekmagar-viral-relicts-in-the-genome-could-fuel-neurodegeneration-researchers-see-ancient-genes-as-potential-targets-for-dementia-20230824t081939648z
title
bodyHello welcome to Steemit world! I'm @steem.history, who is steem witness. This is a recommended post for you.[Newcomers Guide](https://steemitdev.com/guide/@steemitblog/steemit-a-guide-for-newcomers) and [The Complete Steemit Etiquette Guide (Revision 2.0)](https://steemit.com/steem/@steem.history/the-complete-steemit-etiquette-guide-revision-20-homage-1598425779) and, recommended community [Newcomers Community](https://steemit.com/trending/hive-172186) I wish you luck to your steemit activities.<center> https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmXHwdcNs5VPcBft1iSosPdHLpBNBfjuG84g3ffWhMw5JQ/image.png <sub>(The bots avatar has been created using https://robohash.org/)</sub> @steem.history ### My witness activity - [My aspiration for STEEM witness](https://steemit.com/hive-185836/@steem.history/my-aspiration-for-steem-witness-1601280729) - Provides information on Steem. [Reference](https://steemit.com/trending/hive-130095) - Supporting the Steem project. [SPUD4STEEM project](https://steemit.com/trending/spud4steem) - Supporting the community. [Newcomers Community](https://steemit.com/trending/hive-172186),[Steem Sri Lanka](https://steemit.com/trending/hive-133716) ,[WORLD OF XPILAR](https://steemit.com/trending/hive-185836), [GLOBAL STEEM](https://steemit.com/trending/hive-145160), [Scouts](https://steemit.com/trending/hive-181136), [Latino Community](https://steemit.com/trending/hive-188619) ### My featured posts - [The Complete Steemit Etiquette Guide (Revision 2.0) -Homage](https://steemit.com/steem/@steem.history/the-complete-steemit-etiquette-guide-revision-20-homage-1598425779) [![image.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmd7of2TpLGqvckkrReWahnkxMWH6eMg5upXesfsujDCnW/image.png)](https://steemlogin.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steem.history&amp;approve=1) <sub>please click it!</sub> ![image.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmWDnFh7Kcgj2gdPc5RgG9Cezc4Bapq8sQQJvrkxR8rx5z/image.png) <sub>(Go to https://steemit.com/~witnesses and type fbslo at the bottom of the page)</sub> </center>
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Transaction InfoBlock #77530604/Trx 7f9c11ef153fbd41806fc4559abc60b22baa2979
View Raw JSON Data
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  "timestamp": "2023-08-24T08:19:39",
  "op": [
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      "parent_author": "bibekmagar",
      "parent_permlink": "viral-relicts-in-the-genome-could-fuel-neurodegeneration-researchers-see-ancient-genes-as-potential-targets-for-dementia",
      "author": "steem.history",
      "permlink": "re-bibekmagar-viral-relicts-in-the-genome-could-fuel-neurodegeneration-researchers-see-ancient-genes-as-potential-targets-for-dementia-20230824t081939648z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Hello welcome to Steemit world! \n I'm @steem.history, who is steem witness. \n This is a recommended post for you.[Newcomers Guide](https://steemitdev.com/guide/@steemitblog/steemit-a-guide-for-newcomers) and [The Complete Steemit Etiquette Guide (Revision 2.0)](https://steemit.com/steem/@steem.history/the-complete-steemit-etiquette-guide-revision-20-homage-1598425779) and, recommended community [Newcomers Community](https://steemit.com/trending/hive-172186) \n I wish you luck to your steemit activities.<center> \n \n \n https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmXHwdcNs5VPcBft1iSosPdHLpBNBfjuG84g3ffWhMw5JQ/image.png \n <sub>(The bots avatar has been created using https://robohash.org/)</sub> \n @steem.history \n \n ### My witness activity \n - [My aspiration for STEEM witness](https://steemit.com/hive-185836/@steem.history/my-aspiration-for-steem-witness-1601280729) \n - Provides information on Steem.  \n [Reference](https://steemit.com/trending/hive-130095) \n - Supporting the Steem project. \n [SPUD4STEEM project](https://steemit.com/trending/spud4steem) \n - Supporting the community. \n [Newcomers Community](https://steemit.com/trending/hive-172186),[Steem Sri Lanka](https://steemit.com/trending/hive-133716) ,[WORLD OF XPILAR](https://steemit.com/trending/hive-185836), [GLOBAL STEEM](https://steemit.com/trending/hive-145160), [Scouts](https://steemit.com/trending/hive-181136), [Latino Community](https://steemit.com/trending/hive-188619) \n \n ### My featured posts \n - [The Complete Steemit Etiquette Guide (Revision 2.0) -Homage](https://steemit.com/steem/@steem.history/the-complete-steemit-etiquette-guide-revision-20-homage-1598425779) \n \n [![image.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmd7of2TpLGqvckkrReWahnkxMWH6eMg5upXesfsujDCnW/image.png)](https://steemlogin.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steem.history&amp;approve=1) \n <sub>please click it!</sub> \n \n ![image.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmWDnFh7Kcgj2gdPc5RgG9Cezc4Bapq8sQQJvrkxR8rx5z/image.png) \n <sub>(Go to https://steemit.com/~witnesses and type fbslo at the bottom of the page)</sub> \n \n </center>",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tsgs\":[\"hello\"]}"
    }
  ]
}
2023/08/24 08:19:33
parent author
parent permlinkscience
authorbibekmagar
permlinkviral-relicts-in-the-genome-could-fuel-neurodegeneration-researchers-see-ancient-genes-as-potential-targets-for-dementia
title'Viral relicts' in the genome could fuel neurodegeneration Researchers see ancient genes as potential targets for dementia treatment
bodyGenetic remnants of viruses that are naturally present in the human genome could affect the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Researchers at DZNE come to this conclusion on the basis of studies on cell cultures. They report on this in the journal Nature Communications. In their view, such "endogenous retroviruses" could contribute to the spread of aberrant protein aggregates -- hallmarks of certain dementias -- in the brain. Thus, these viral relicts would be potential targets for therapies. It has been suspected for some time that viral infections contribute to the genesis and development of neurodegenerative diseases. Laboratory studies by DZNE scientists now suggest a mechanism that, although related to viruses, does not require infection by external pathogens. According to this study, the culprits would be "endogenous retroviruses" that are naturally present in the human genome. "During evolution, genes from numerous viruses have accumulated in our DNA. Most of these gene sequences are mutated and normally muted," explained Ina Vorberg, research group leader at DZNE and a professor at the University of Bonn. "However, there is evidence that endogenous retroviruses are activated under certain conditions and contribute to cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, proteins or other gene products derived from such retroviruses are found in the blood or tissue of patients." Experiments with Tau Aggregates Vorberg followed this trail together with colleagues from Bonn and Munich. Using cell cultures, the researchers simulated the situation in which human cells produce certain proteins from the envelope of endogenous retroviruses. Specifically, this involved HERV-W and HERV K -- both viruses are present in the human genome but are usually dormant. However, studies indicate that HERV-W is activated in multiple sclerosis and HERV-K in the neurological disease "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis" (ALS) and in frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Now, Vorberg's team found that the viral proteins facilitate the transport of so-called tau aggregates from cell to cell. "Tau aggregates" are tiny protein clumps that occur in the brains of people affected by certain neurodegenerative diseases -- these include Alzheimer's disease and FTD. "Certainly, conditions in the brain are much more complex than our cellular model system can replicate them. Nevertheless, our experiments show that endogenous retroviruses can influence the spread of tau aggregates between cells," Vorberg said. "Endogenous retroviruses would thus not be triggers of neurodegeneration, but could fuel the disease process once it is already underway." Viral Transport Mediators The current research and earlier studies by Vorberg's team suggest that viral proteins serve as transport mediators for tau aggregates because they insert into the cell membrane and into the membrane of so-called extracellular vesicles: These are small fat bubbles that are naturally secreted by cells. "For the transport of tau aggregates from cell to cell, we see two pathways in particular. Transfer between cells that are in direct contact, and transport within vesicles that act as cargo capsules, so to speak, and pass from one cell to another to eventually merge with it," Vorberg explained. "In both scenarios, membranes have to fuse. Proteins from the envelope of viruses can promote this process. That's because many viruses are adapted to fuse with host cells. This happens by means of special proteins that viruses carry on their surfaces. If precisely these proteins are incorporated into the cell membrane and the membrane of extracellular vesicles, it is understandable that the tau aggregates then spread more easily." Starting Points for Therapy In the course of the natural aging process, the regulation of genes can change -- originally "dormant" endogenous retroviruses could be "awakened" as a result. Indeed, the symptoms of most neurodegenerative diseases do not manifest until older age. This raises two conceivable approaches to therapy. "On the one hand, one could try to specifically suppress gene expression, that is, to inactivate the endogenous retroviruses again. That would get to the root of the problem," Vorberg said. "But you could also start elsewhere and try to neutralize the viral proteins -- for example, with antibodies." Searching for Antibodies In the opinion of the researchers, it is likely that dementia patients with tau aggregates carry increased amounts of such antibodies. If it were possible to isolate these and reproduce them using biotechnological methods, it might be possible to develop a passive vaccine. Thus, in collaboration with DZNE colleagues in Berlin and Bonn, Vorberg's team aims to specifically search for such antibodies in patients. In addition, the scientists are considering antiviral drugs. In cell culture, they have already found that such agents can actually stop the spread of protein aggregates. "This is another approach we intend to pursue," said Vorberg.
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      "permlink": "viral-relicts-in-the-genome-could-fuel-neurodegeneration-researchers-see-ancient-genes-as-potential-targets-for-dementia",
      "title": "'Viral relicts' in the genome could fuel neurodegeneration Researchers see ancient genes as potential targets for dementia treatment",
      "body": "Genetic remnants of viruses that are naturally present in the human genome could affect the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Researchers at DZNE come to this conclusion on the basis of studies on cell cultures. They report on this in the journal Nature Communications. In their view, such \"endogenous retroviruses\" could contribute to the spread of aberrant protein aggregates -- hallmarks of certain dementias -- in the brain. Thus, these viral relicts would be potential targets for therapies.\n\nIt has been suspected for some time that viral infections contribute to the genesis and development of neurodegenerative diseases. Laboratory studies by DZNE scientists now suggest a mechanism that, although related to viruses, does not require infection by external pathogens. According to this study, the culprits would be \"endogenous retroviruses\" that are naturally present in the human genome. \"During evolution, genes from numerous viruses have accumulated in our DNA. Most of these gene sequences are mutated and normally muted,\" explained Ina Vorberg, research group leader at DZNE and a professor at the University of Bonn. \"However, there is evidence that endogenous retroviruses are activated under certain conditions and contribute to cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Indeed, proteins or other gene products derived from such retroviruses are found in the blood or tissue of patients.\"\n\nExperiments with Tau Aggregates\n\nVorberg followed this trail together with colleagues from Bonn and Munich. Using cell cultures, the researchers simulated the situation in which human cells produce certain proteins from the envelope of endogenous retroviruses. Specifically, this involved HERV-W and HERV K -- both viruses are present in the human genome but are usually dormant. However, studies indicate that HERV-W is activated in multiple sclerosis and HERV-K in the neurological disease \"amyotrophic lateral sclerosis\" (ALS) and in frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Now, Vorberg's team found that the viral proteins facilitate the transport of so-called tau aggregates from cell to cell. \"Tau aggregates\" are tiny protein clumps that occur in the brains of people affected by certain neurodegenerative diseases -- these include Alzheimer's disease and FTD. \"Certainly, conditions in the brain are much more complex than our cellular model system can replicate them. Nevertheless, our experiments show that endogenous retroviruses can influence the spread of tau aggregates between cells,\" Vorberg said. \"Endogenous retroviruses would thus not be triggers of neurodegeneration, but could fuel the disease process once it is already underway.\"\n\nViral Transport Mediators\n\nThe current research and earlier studies by Vorberg's team suggest that viral proteins serve as transport mediators for tau aggregates because they insert into the cell membrane and into the membrane of so-called extracellular vesicles: These are small fat bubbles that are naturally secreted by cells. \"For the transport of tau aggregates from cell to cell, we see two pathways in particular. Transfer between cells that are in direct contact, and transport within vesicles that act as cargo capsules, so to speak, and pass from one cell to another to eventually merge with it,\" Vorberg explained. \"In both scenarios, membranes have to fuse. Proteins from the envelope of viruses can promote this process. That's because many viruses are adapted to fuse with host cells. This happens by means of special proteins that viruses carry on their surfaces. If precisely these proteins are incorporated into the cell membrane and the membrane of extracellular vesicles, it is understandable that the tau aggregates then spread more easily.\"\n\nStarting Points for Therapy\n\nIn the course of the natural aging process, the regulation of genes can change -- originally \"dormant\" endogenous retroviruses could be \"awakened\" as a result. Indeed, the symptoms of most neurodegenerative diseases do not manifest until older age. This raises two conceivable approaches to therapy. \"On the one hand, one could try to specifically suppress gene expression, that is, to inactivate the endogenous retroviruses again. That would get to the root of the problem,\" Vorberg said. \"But you could also start elsewhere and try to neutralize the viral proteins -- for example, with antibodies.\"\n\nSearching for Antibodies\n\nIn the opinion of the researchers, it is likely that dementia patients with tau aggregates carry increased amounts of such antibodies. If it were possible to isolate these and reproduce them using biotechnological methods, it might be possible to develop a passive vaccine. Thus, in collaboration with DZNE colleagues in Berlin and Bonn, Vorberg's team aims to specifically search for such antibodies in patients. In addition, the scientists are considering antiviral drugs. In cell culture, they have already found that such agents can actually stop the spread of protein aggregates. \"This is another approach we intend to pursue,\" said Vorberg.",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"science\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.2\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
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executive-boardsent 0.001 STEEM to @bibekmagar- "❗ Hello bibekmagar, welcome to the STEEM ecosystem. The Executive Board is publishing insider infos at https://discord.gg/KyBbmhh on how you will be earning the most coins. It's easy, just follow the ..."
2023/08/24 08:12:15
fromexecutive-board
tobibekmagar
amount0.001 STEEM
memo❗ Hello bibekmagar, welcome to the STEEM ecosystem. The Executive Board is publishing insider infos at https://discord.gg/KyBbmhh on how you will be earning the most coins. It's easy, just follow the instructions. THE 1000X BOOSTER KEY is already waiting for you over there too. 😉 Warm regards, The Executive Board.
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steemdelegated 18.632 SP to @bibekmagar
2023/08/24 08:10:51
delegatorsteem
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steemcurator01created a new account: @bibekmagar
2023/08/24 08:10:48
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[]