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      "author": "bhalisa",
      "permlink": "south-africa-on-the-blockchain",
      "title": "South Africa on the blockchain",
      "body": "It's  very refreshing to see that emerging economies, in this case SA, have their ears on the ground as far as blockchain is concerned. After all, I think you would agree these economies are the ones who need blockchain technology more than any other developed nation. \n\nI have been away from Steemit and blogging for a while now - I had a lot on my plate. I recently made my debut in corporate so that comes with great responsibility and discovery. But I am happy I have always found the time to do more research on blockchain and cryptoassets. The rabbit hole is just too deep! \n\nI have, recently, discovered a paper *\"The Advent of Cryptobanking\"* by Farzam Ehsani blockchain lead at Rand Merchant Bank (RMB) and chair of the SAFBC. RMB is a member of the South African Financial Blockchain Consortium (SAFBC) - but more on that later. \n\nWhat's particularly interesting, other than the paper itself, is why the fuck am I learning about it now? This paper introduces the concept of *cryptobanking* which will pave the way for the *crypto instrument*. For now, all you should know is that a *crypto instrument* will be the most evolved form of money to date. The paper gives background on the evolution of money and unpacks how *crypto banking* could be implemented.\n\nAccording to the paper this is what the evolution of money looks like:\n1. Physical Bearer Instrument (animal hides, shells , salt etc.)\n2. Physical Registered Instrument (any monetary representative registered by the then central authority as belonging to a particularly person)\n3. Digital Registered Instrument (digital money balance, government bond, etc.)\nand now,\n4. Crypto Instrument (a hybrid of bearer and registered instrument\n\nBeing the most frictionless form of money it only makes sense that we make the shift. This, crypto banking, should cut transaction costs from the bank's side and as well as on the customer's side, make financial remittances faster and make for greater transparency between the commercial banks and the reserve bank.\n\nThis is just how the financial sector is going about it. There is a myriad of work and research dedicated into other industries as well, farming, supply chain management, content sharing, social media, health care etc. you name it! \n\nAlthough distributed ledger technologies have been around for years, there is a very high probability that blockchain wouldn't have surfaced if it weren't for *bitcoin.* And we shouldn't, ever, ever downplay the role that the advent of *bitcoin* has played (FYI, I'm still HODLing). That's why I have a burning hatred for sensational headlines and YouTube video captions that start something like \"Forget about bitcoin, blockchain...\" I know it's just sensationalism but let us not get carried away. Bitcoin is the most successful blockchain application to date. Even that would be beside the point.\n\nTo view all the members of SAFBC click: http://www.safbc.co.za/members/ (there are multitudes of listed educational content on the website as well - use it).",
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      "parent_permlink": "cryptocurrencies",
      "author": "bhalisa",
      "permlink": "9-cryptoassets-to-look-out-for-in-2018-usdbtc-usdeth-usdxrp-usdada-usdxlm-usdneo-usdtrx-usdlsk-usdlrc",
      "title": "9 Cryptoassets To Look Out For In 2018! $BTC, $ETH, $XRP, $ADA, $XLM, $NEO, $TRX, $LSK, $LRC",
      "body": "![aa0d30b179f1565cb213adba84733a53_L.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmeQUR8doDUKJkeTsJywg7iGys15ntFdBHF3wpbeXMmPJg/aa0d30b179f1565cb213adba84733a53_L.jpg)\n\nThese are just some of the cryptoassets, from impressive blockchain projects, which in my opinion are auspicious. I have used the following ideas to rate them as good investments for myself personally:\n\n1. *Network *— The size of the network. Basically, are there relatively many people using the platform from the side of computation and from the users’ side. I also look at the non-technical side of the network; social media interactions and following.\n\n2. *Trading Volume/Liquidity*– If average trading volume of the asset >= $1 million per trading session (24-hr period) across all major markets. This is an indication of relatively good liquidity in the market. Although these coins trade way above that number.\n\n3. *Technology* — This entails the nature of the distributed ledger technology underpinning the platform, all cases are blockchain in my selection. This also includes the consensus algorithm implementation of the network.\n\n4. *Scalability* — Scalability is mostly dependent on the Technology argument and can be tied to the consensus protocol or generally the nature of the blockchain. In other words, can the network cater for the growing demand/transactions in the medium to long-term? Some of us already know that Bitcoin and Ethereum are facing scaling problems but I have included them on the basis of having faith in their respective scaling solutions currently under development.\n\n5. *Purpose *— This is basically the mission and vision of the project. There are many tokens out there which are just tokens (vapourware if you may). So a good project should have a compelling reason for its existence. If a cryptoasset generally solves a significant problem or just creates a new market — I take it to consideration.\n\n6. *Development team and transparency *— A project needs to have a transparent group of developers or “executives” who are backed by their seeming ability to get the job done. I even look at the history of the developers in some cases. The project needs to have a face to whom we can consistently forward our concerns & get a timely response. I hate mysterious projects!\n\nThese are just some of the ideas I am governed by to inform my investing decisions. I also use a lot of sentiment before investing — a project should also resonate with me to a personal level.\n\nIn the most part, this is a publication to help the newbies navigate and learn more about alternative cryptos to Bitcoin. That is why I shared the websites where you can find the respective assets’ whitepapers to facilitate you in DOING YOUR OWN RESEARCH. I know I sound like a broken record but hey! Ok there they are!\n\nNB: numerical data as of 1/23/2018 (~20:00 UTC+02:00)\n\n**Bitcoin (BTC)**\nBitcoin is a cryptocurrency and worldwide payment system. It is the first decentralized digital currency, as the system works without a central bank or single administrator (Wikipedia).\n\nPrice: $11239.20\n\nMarket Cap: $189 billion\n\nTotal Supply: 21 million BTC\n\nCirculating Supply: 16 million BTC\n\nConsensus Algorithm: Proof-of-Work\n\nBuy: Luno\n\n**Ethereum (ETH)**\nEthereum is a decentralized platform for applications that run exactly as programmed without any chance of fraud, censorship or third-party interference (ethereum.org).\n\nPrice: $1009.54\n\nMarket Cap: $98 billion\n\nCirculating Supply: 97 million ETH\n\nConsensus Algorithm: Proof-of-Work (not for long)\n\nWebsite: http://ethereum.org\n\nBuy: Luno\n\n**Ripple (XRP)**\nAccording to wikipedia; Ripple is a real-time gross settlement system, currency exchange and remittance network by Ripple. Also called the Ripple Transaction Protocol (RTXP) or Ripple Protocol, it is built upon a distributed open source Internet protocol, consensus ledger and native cryptocurrency called XRP (ripples).\n\nPrice $1.38\n\nMarket Cap: $53 billion\n\nTotal Supply: 99 billion XRP\n\nCirculating Supply: 38 billion XRP\n\nConsensus Protocol: Ripple Protocol\n\nWebsite: http://ripple.com\n\nBuy: Bittrex\n\n**Cardano (ADA)**\nCardano is a decentralized public blockchain and cryptocurrency project and is fully open source. Cardano is developing a smart contracts platform which seeks to deliver more advanced features than protocol previously developed. It is the first blockchain platform to evolve out of a scientific philosophy and research-first driven approach (cardanohub.org).\n\nPrice: $0.58\n\nMarket Cap: $15 billion\n\nTotal Supply: 31 billion ADA\n\nCirculating Supply: 25 billion ADA\n\nConsensus Protocol: Ouroboros Proof of Stake\n\nWebsite: http://cardanohub.org\n\nBuy: Bittrex\n\n**Stellar Lumens (XLM)**\nStellar is a distributed, hybrid blockchain that is fully open-source. It is infrastructure that exists to facilitate cross-asset transfers of value, including payments (stellar.org).\n\nPrice: $0.50\n\nMarket Cap: $9 billion\n\nTotal Supply: 103 billion XLM\n\nCirculating Supply: 17 billion XLM\n\nConsensus Algorithm: Stellar Consensus Protocol (SCP)\n\nWebsite: http://stellar.org\n\nBuy: Bittrex\n\nNeo (NEO)\nNEO is a blockchain project “that utilizes blockchain technology and digital identity to digitize assets, to automate the management of digital assets using smart contracts, and to realize a ‘smart economy’ with a distributed network.”\n\nPrice: $125.43\n\nMarket Cap: $8 billion\n\nTotal Supply: 100 million NEO\n\nCirculating Supply: 65 million NEO\n\nConsensus Algorithm: Delegated Byzantine Fault Tolerance (dBFT)\n\nWebsite: http://neo.org\n\nBuy: Bittrex\n\n**Tron (TRX)**\nAccoring to tron.network, Tron is a blockchain-based decentralized protocol that aims to construct a worldwide free content entertainment system with the blockchain and distributed storage technology. The technology allows each user to freely publish, store and own data, and in the decentralized autonomous form, decides the distribution, the subscription and push of contents and enables content creators by releasing, circulating and dealing with digital assets, thus forming a decentralized content entertainment ecosystem.\n\nPrice: $0.07\n\nMarket Cap: $4 billion\n\nTotal Supply: 100 billion TRX\n\nCirculating Supply: 65 billion TRX\n\nWebsite: http://tron.network\n\nBuy: Binance\n\n**Lisk (LSK)**\nLisk is a public blockchain platform that provides decentralized blockchain apps. It was forked from Crypti by Mark Kordek and Oliver Beddows in early 2016. Furthermore, the idea behind Lisk is that every Blockchain App is on its own sidechain from the main blockchain therefore solving the problem of scalability experienced by renowned blockchains like Bitcoin and Ethereum (Wikipedia).\n\nPrice: $22.96\n\nMarket Cap: $2 billion\n\nCirculating Supply: 117 million LSK\n\nConsensus Algorithm: Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)\n\nWebsite: http://lisk.io\n\nBuy: Bittrex\n\n**Loopring (LRC)**\nLoopring is an open, multilateral token exchange protocol, for decentralized ex-change on the Ethereum blockchain. Loopring is intended to serve as a common building block with open standards, driving interoperability among decentralized applications (DAPPs) that incorporate exchange functionality. Trades are executed by a system of Ethereum smart contracts that are publicly accessible, free to use, and that any dApp can hook into. Loopring Decentralized Token Exchange Protocol (2017)\n\nPrice: $1.09\n\nMarket Cap: $612 million\n\nTotal Supply: 1.3 billion LRC\n\nCirculating Supply: 561 million LRC\n\nWebsite: http://loopring.org\n\nBuy: Binance",
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      "permlink": "re-harshvasistha-what-makes-the-bitcoin-value-and-how-its-price-is-determined-20171114t135944695z",
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      "body": "Very simplistic to say the least. I was expecting an extensive premise on Supply & Demand.",
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      "body": "hi",
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      "parent_permlink": "cryptocurrency",
      "author": "bhalisa",
      "permlink": "bitcoin-not-for-the-poor-but-ether-and-bitcoin-cash-are",
      "title": "Bitcoin Not For The Poor — But Ether & Bitcoin Cash Are!",
      "body": "![1_ftHvlMMRoxISCXa-zOlMfw.jpeg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmSbA5imcTrcjLK63UU9x8B1hN1ry4A2kvFJ8T5XapYqGJ/1_ftHvlMMRoxISCXa-zOlMfw.jpeg)\n\nThe conversation around Bitcoin’s (BTC) incrementally exorbitant transaction fees has been heating up and some (then) BTC miners showed their dissatisfaction, stemming from various other reasons, by way of a new Bitcoin fork — Bitcoin Cash (BCH).\n\nI will limit my definition of cryptocurrency to these three functions of money: medium of exchange, store of value & unit of account. However I will be putting emphasis on the first function — the medium of exchange function. This will aid my argument throughout this article.\n\nThis is very simplistic but gets across the point quite concisely. Simplistic in the sense I could have used more math, like standard deviation of prices to illustrate volatility to average prices etc… and some economic modelling using CPI to, conservatively, estimate the affordability of Bitcoin in terms of one’s disposal income.\n\n**Demand For Bitcoin In South Africa**\nThere are two main reasons why we want to buy Bitcoin, in other words; there are two main reasons why we demand Bitcoin. This is the liquidity preference for Bitcoin (as money):\n\n1.) Transactions motive — people want to be liquid or have immediately available means of payment to undertake daily transactions and spending. (e.g buy airtime, groceries etc.)\n\n2.) Speculative motive — some prefer being liquid for the purposes of trading the markets and making profit whether for the short or long term. It takes people who have specialized skills to part-take in this field so you will seldom find people with these kind of skills in the poor regions of the emerging economies. This motive is influenced by the store of value function.\n\nThere is actually a third motive, precautionary, which is simply glorified saving for unexpected events that would require one to part with their money; whether due to economic uncertainty or just life’s anomalies.\nClearly the most relevant underpinning impetus or premise of my article is that of the Transaction Motive which stems from Bitcoin’s characteristic as a medium of change.\n\n**Bitcoin vs. Bitcoin Cash (Avg. Tx Fees)**\n\nIn emerging economies like South Africa, which will be the focus of this article, there is a dire need for accessible and low-fee banking because not everyone can afford to maintain a bank account. I initially thought Bitcoin would be the knight-in-shining-amour to help the less-fortunate realize a world of cheap and easily accessible financial transacting.\nhttps://steemitimages.com/DQmPxbRPtcy2Tv4aSKHhDYPFfpnukW9zkdh9RTMtro51PSM/1_lbwjRUMMNE3dltbw0stLuQ.jpeg\nThis chart compares Bitcoin & Bitcoin Cash average transaction fees.\n\nAs we can see from the above chart the average Bitcoin transaction fee is around $6.70 (R97.47) whereas Bitcoin Cash is around 11 dollar cents (R1.60). Bitcoin can cost even more, currently according to bitinfocharts the average of Bitcoin transaction fees tend to $20 — some report paying even much more of course. I have paid more myself.\n\nFrom the bitinfocharts’ graph above (click “according to bitinfocharts”) you can extrapolate that the average cost of transacting in the Ethereum block chain using Ether (ETH) is only $0.219 (R3,15) which is way lower than what you are expected to pay in Bitcoin tx fees on any given day. Now, I could go on and on about the impressive long-term prospects of Ether ( & Ethereum) but this is not the place. But you can find out more about Ethereum Project here and put 2 and 2 together.\n\nThere are technical reasons behind these numbers and mainly are “block sizes” . I won’t get into detail as far as that is concerned, it is an entire article of its own.\n\n**More Than 50% Of South Africans Are Poor**\n\nAccording to Stats SA, in 2015 there was a headcount 55.5% of South Africans living below the upper-bound poverty line (UBPL) of R992 ($68,19).\n\nI don’t even need to bore you any further with numbers because it is obvious that after settling all your living expenses you will be left with quite a little and definitely won’t afford relying on Bitcoin for daily liquid transactions in the event of Bitcoin becoming widely accepted by merchants. This is because as the network receives more and more entrants (as it becomes congested) the fees will go up along with confirmation times.\n\nWith Bitcoin’s unpredictable transaction fees & confirmation times it would be pretty irresponsible for any person (income ≤ UBPL) who cannot afford to pay any of these fees to use it as their day-to-day means of payment for goods and services. And the merchants would be just as equally naive to accept it.\n\nNot knowing how much you will end up paying for sending your loved ones and friends some Bitcoin is painfully uneconomical and does not make good financial sense.\n\n**And…**\n\nI, personally, have a Bitcoin position but I have taken a more investor’s approach and I would be happy to one day use ETH or BCH, both of which I have positions, for daily transactions rather than BTC. Also, you will be happy to know that the best Bitcoin exchange, Luno, in the country has recently listed ETH!\n\nOh, and if you would like to buy Bitcoin and/or Ether directly with your local currency, you can do that with Luno (https://luno.com/invite/RH2TA).\n\nTwitter: @WolfOfLuno",
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      "author": "woz.software",
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      "title": "",
      "body": "that is my bet. Currently 128000 unconfirmed transactions on the network. Yesterday my TX locked for 6 hours and Unconfirmed was only 100000. \n\nAll the in fighting over keeping to the white paper vs actually fixing the issue will kill it. I bet with my coin and moved to BCH because of this and from the price swings since the fork cancellation it looks the wise bet to me :)",
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