VOTING POWER100.00%
DOWNVOTE POWER100.00%
RESOURCE CREDITS100.00%
REPUTATION PROGRESS0.00%
Net Worth
0.035USD
STEEM
0.004STEEM
SBD
0.000SBD
Effective Power
5.001SP
├── Own SP
0.651SP
└── Incoming DelegationsDeleg
+4.350SP
Detailed Balance
| STEEM | ||
| balance | 0.004STEEM | STEEM |
| market_balance | 0.000STEEM | STEEM |
| savings_balance | 0.000STEEM | STEEM |
| reward_steem_balance | 0.000STEEM | STEEM |
| STEEM POWER | ||
| Own SP | 0.651SP | SP |
| Delegated Out | 0.000SP | SP |
| Delegation In | 4.350SP | SP |
| Effective Power | 5.001SP | SP |
| Reward SP (pending) | 0.000SP | SP |
| SBD | ||
| sbd_balance | 0.000SBD | SBD |
| sbd_conversions | 0.000SBD | SBD |
| sbd_market_balance | 0.000SBD | SBD |
| savings_sbd_balance | 0.000SBD | SBD |
| reward_sbd_balance | 0.000SBD | SBD |
{
"balance": "0.004 STEEM",
"savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"vesting_shares": "1060.089158 VESTS",
"delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
"received_vesting_shares": "7083.570648 VESTS",
"sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"conversions": []
}Account Info
| name | bakiib |
| id | 669072 |
| rank | 638,172 |
| reputation | 471096071 |
| created | 2018-01-27T01:29:45 |
| recovery_account | steem |
| proxy | None |
| post_count | 15 |
| comment_count | 0 |
| lifetime_vote_count | 0 |
| witnesses_voted_for | 0 |
| last_post | 2018-02-10T20:04:15 |
| last_root_post | 2018-02-10T20:04:15 |
| last_vote_time | 2018-02-10T20:04:15 |
| proxied_vsf_votes | 0, 0, 0, 0 |
| can_vote | 1 |
| voting_power | 0 |
| delayed_votes | 0 |
| balance | 0.004 STEEM |
| savings_balance | 0.000 STEEM |
| sbd_balance | 0.000 SBD |
| savings_sbd_balance | 0.000 SBD |
| vesting_shares | 1060.089158 VESTS |
| delegated_vesting_shares | 0.000000 VESTS |
| received_vesting_shares | 7083.570648 VESTS |
| reward_vesting_balance | 0.000000 VESTS |
| vesting_balance | 0.000 STEEM |
| vesting_withdraw_rate | 0.000000 VESTS |
| next_vesting_withdrawal | 1969-12-31T23:59:59 |
| withdrawn | 0 |
| to_withdraw | 0 |
| withdraw_routes | 0 |
| savings_withdraw_requests | 0 |
| last_account_recovery | 1970-01-01T00:00:00 |
| reset_account | null |
| last_owner_update | 1970-01-01T00:00:00 |
| last_account_update | 2018-02-09T09:56:33 |
| mined | No |
| sbd_seconds | 0 |
| sbd_last_interest_payment | 2021-12-07T17:31:39 |
| savings_sbd_last_interest_payment | 1970-01-01T00:00:00 |
{
"id": 669072,
"name": "bakiib",
"owner": {
"weight_threshold": 1,
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM6N6K4N9RVhCRjXcCdXhptVvK65NGRd8MSAi23Yc7RMRzERgAX7",
1
]
]
},
"active": {
"weight_threshold": 1,
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM6LJjoxgRhxv4xLPjd53atAHryVwN3XtFXTsoxzSCyMgk4LwnDh",
1
]
]
},
"posting": {
"weight_threshold": 1,
"account_auths": [
[
"busy.app",
1
],
[
"dtube.app",
1
]
],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM7D1taxGzUaTuJbebd3ScpeMEZtbcrNcZ4poQ7jc2JfYhBYn73e",
1
]
]
},
"memo_key": "STM7iiMCWDHXx7XRmWWeEoGKhxPGrTL51BMz9Dz1dPkWXuDvN3tp9",
"json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"profile_image\":\"https://imgur.com/J0ud5t5\",\"name\":\"bakiib\"}}",
"posting_json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"profile_image\":\"https://imgur.com/J0ud5t5\",\"name\":\"bakiib\"}}",
"proxy": "",
"last_owner_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"last_account_update": "2018-02-09T09:56:33",
"created": "2018-01-27T01:29:45",
"mined": false,
"recovery_account": "steem",
"last_account_recovery": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"reset_account": "null",
"comment_count": 0,
"lifetime_vote_count": 0,
"post_count": 15,
"can_vote": true,
"voting_manabar": {
"current_mana": "8143659806",
"last_update_time": 1779054669
},
"downvote_manabar": {
"current_mana": 2035914951,
"last_update_time": 1779054669
},
"voting_power": 0,
"balance": "0.004 STEEM",
"savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"sbd_seconds": "0",
"sbd_seconds_last_update": "2021-12-07T17:31:39",
"sbd_last_interest_payment": "2021-12-07T17:31:39",
"savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"savings_sbd_seconds": "0",
"savings_sbd_seconds_last_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"savings_sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"savings_withdraw_requests": 0,
"reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"reward_vesting_balance": "0.000000 VESTS",
"reward_vesting_steem": "0.000 STEEM",
"vesting_shares": "1060.089158 VESTS",
"delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
"received_vesting_shares": "7083.570648 VESTS",
"vesting_withdraw_rate": "0.000000 VESTS",
"next_vesting_withdrawal": "1969-12-31T23:59:59",
"withdrawn": 0,
"to_withdraw": 0,
"withdraw_routes": 0,
"curation_rewards": 0,
"posting_rewards": 32,
"proxied_vsf_votes": [
0,
0,
0,
0
],
"witnesses_voted_for": 0,
"last_post": "2018-02-10T20:04:15",
"last_root_post": "2018-02-10T20:04:15",
"last_vote_time": "2018-02-10T20:04:15",
"post_bandwidth": 0,
"pending_claimed_accounts": 0,
"vesting_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"reputation": 471096071,
"transfer_history": [],
"market_history": [],
"post_history": [],
"vote_history": [],
"other_history": [],
"witness_votes": [],
"tags_usage": [],
"guest_bloggers": [],
"rank": 638172
}Withdraw Routes
| Incoming | Outgoing |
|---|---|
Empty | Empty |
{
"incoming": [],
"outgoing": []
}From Date
To Date
2026/05/17 21:51:09
2026/05/17 21:51:09
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | bakiib |
| vesting shares | 7083.570648 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #106140578/Trx d61df7099b48df64209cb9949f713cfe0e60ac8b |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "d61df7099b48df64209cb9949f713cfe0e60ac8b",
"block": 106140578,
"trx_in_block": 2,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2026-05-17T21:51:09",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "bakiib",
"vesting_shares": "7083.570648 VESTS"
}
]
}2026/05/11 18:55:33
2026/05/11 18:55:33
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | bakiib |
| vesting shares | 4371.360243 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #105965046/Trx ee72bcf7c05c1adbc0a2dafaff3880f0d6c0099f |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "ee72bcf7c05c1adbc0a2dafaff3880f0d6c0099f",
"block": 105965046,
"trx_in_block": 0,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2026-05-11T18:55:33",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "bakiib",
"vesting_shares": "4371.360243 VESTS"
}
]
}2026/04/25 21:15:54
2026/04/25 21:15:54
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | bakiib |
| vesting shares | 7096.086404 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #105508302/Trx be7e9b210dd4429325c52f34a052fffe3574ee00 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "be7e9b210dd4429325c52f34a052fffe3574ee00",
"block": 105508302,
"trx_in_block": 0,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2026-04-25T21:15:54",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "bakiib",
"vesting_shares": "7096.086404 VESTS"
}
]
}2026/01/23 01:28:51
2026/01/23 01:28:51
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | bakiib |
| vesting shares | 4412.907062 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #102844246/Trx 1bd6a711e07f93f0974ec2fbbf6e0d9a450acb3f |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "1bd6a711e07f93f0974ec2fbbf6e0d9a450acb3f",
"block": 102844246,
"trx_in_block": 1,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2026-01-23T01:28:51",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "bakiib",
"vesting_shares": "4412.907062 VESTS"
}
]
}2024/12/16 20:48:36
2024/12/16 20:48:36
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | bakiib |
| vesting shares | 4577.126259 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #91290660/Trx 818832f1b112463047ef6b02ccaff7fbb36b8f0c |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "818832f1b112463047ef6b02ccaff7fbb36b8f0c",
"block": 91290660,
"trx_in_block": 6,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2024-12-16T20:48:36",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "bakiib",
"vesting_shares": "4577.126259 VESTS"
}
]
}2023/11/13 12:34:21
2023/11/13 12:34:21
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | bakiib |
| vesting shares | 4746.259791 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #79844936/Trx f01045ded5976ba7ae44b92e466a6c0fd3ebc946 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "f01045ded5976ba7ae44b92e466a6c0fd3ebc946",
"block": 79844936,
"trx_in_block": 8,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2023-11-13T12:34:21",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "bakiib",
"vesting_shares": "4746.259791 VESTS"
}
]
}2023/09/21 19:02:36
2023/09/21 19:02:36
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | bakiib |
| vesting shares | 7683.538577 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #78344500/Trx 15397c99d28d7f8c19c43769bb33f93655199be7 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "15397c99d28d7f8c19c43769bb33f93655199be7",
"block": 78344500,
"trx_in_block": 5,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2023-09-21T19:02:36",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "bakiib",
"vesting_shares": "7683.538577 VESTS"
}
]
}2022/11/03 09:08:57
2022/11/03 09:08:57
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | bakiib |
| vesting shares | 7905.220015 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #69110209/Trx c4c6dbfa601cf5a5add370279d3867c98d7059dc |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "c4c6dbfa601cf5a5add370279d3867c98d7059dc",
"block": 69110209,
"trx_in_block": 2,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2022-11-03T09:08:57",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "bakiib",
"vesting_shares": "7905.220015 VESTS"
}
]
}2022/01/17 08:37:21
2022/01/17 08:37:21
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | bakiib |
| vesting shares | 8125.753246 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #60806632/Trx c060a0852bf488855e6a7e9649cb156d1ee5c91d |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "c060a0852bf488855e6a7e9649cb156d1ee5c91d",
"block": 60806632,
"trx_in_block": 17,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2022-01-17T08:37:21",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "bakiib",
"vesting_shares": "8125.753246 VESTS"
}
]
}bakiibsent 0.058 SBD to @fuadmuhammad2021/12/07 17:31:39
bakiibsent 0.058 SBD to @fuadmuhammad
2021/12/07 17:31:39
| from | bakiib |
| to | fuadmuhammad |
| amount | 0.058 SBD |
| memo | |
| Transaction Info | Block #59648429/Trx 8d6940f0f4b24a2691b73286b2d7f9b8a939984e |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "8d6940f0f4b24a2691b73286b2d7f9b8a939984e",
"block": 59648429,
"trx_in_block": 1,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2021-12-07T17:31:39",
"op": [
"transfer",
{
"from": "bakiib",
"to": "fuadmuhammad",
"amount": "0.058 SBD",
"memo": ""
}
]
}2021/06/13 22:38:24
2021/06/13 22:38:24
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | bakiib |
| vesting shares | 8309.521904 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #54605136/Trx 15d29ffa3380e9fe64cfdb76e97ca7de67fa21b6 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "15d29ffa3380e9fe64cfdb76e97ca7de67fa21b6",
"block": 54605136,
"trx_in_block": 1,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2021-06-13T22:38:24",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "bakiib",
"vesting_shares": "8309.521904 VESTS"
}
]
}immotivatedsent 0.002 STEEM to @bakiib2021/04/18 11:11:24
immotivatedsent 0.002 STEEM to @bakiib
2021/04/18 11:11:24
| from | immotivated |
| to | bakiib |
| amount | 0.002 STEEM |
| memo | |
| Transaction Info | Block #52992134/Trx 8667e54b33a8da585ebdd8bcaecbc427c034c2b8 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "8667e54b33a8da585ebdd8bcaecbc427c034c2b8",
"block": 52992134,
"trx_in_block": 9,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2021-04-18T11:11:24",
"op": [
"transfer",
{
"from": "immotivated",
"to": "bakiib",
"amount": "0.002 STEEM",
"memo": ""
}
]
}2020/12/11 09:00:21
2020/12/11 09:00:21
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | bakiib |
| vesting shares | 8496.943878 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #49352685/Trx 419aad4cb0fee834208ed1546f1ac0295851ee64 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "419aad4cb0fee834208ed1546f1ac0295851ee64",
"block": 49352685,
"trx_in_block": 0,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-12-11T09:00:21",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "bakiib",
"vesting_shares": "8496.943878 VESTS"
}
]
}2020/12/06 02:37:51
2020/12/06 02:37:51
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | bakiib |
| vesting shares | 1912.543513 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #49204253/Trx 8eb24607f948431aff1e157ca9b7ab152e5fe859 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "8eb24607f948431aff1e157ca9b7ab152e5fe859",
"block": 49204253,
"trx_in_block": 3,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-12-06T02:37:51",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "bakiib",
"vesting_shares": "1912.543513 VESTS"
}
]
}2020/12/05 10:34:45
2020/12/05 10:34:45
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | bakiib |
| vesting shares | 8503.310517 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #49185357/Trx 2e1a3f11603838f9eba19ded2fa5f6baef966788 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "2e1a3f11603838f9eba19ded2fa5f6baef966788",
"block": 49185357,
"trx_in_block": 14,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-12-05T10:34:45",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "bakiib",
"vesting_shares": "8503.310517 VESTS"
}
]
}2020/11/02 10:55:21
2020/11/02 10:55:21
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | bakiib |
| vesting shares | 1920.017158 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #48252252/Trx 68af0c15f5d3bedaf7b6828b265e6bb4f7f57ac5 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "68af0c15f5d3bedaf7b6828b265e6bb4f7f57ac5",
"block": 48252252,
"trx_in_block": 6,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-11-02T10:55:21",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "bakiib",
"vesting_shares": "1920.017158 VESTS"
}
]
}2020/05/09 03:32:45
2020/05/09 03:32:45
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | bakiib |
| vesting shares | 8705.957091 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #43214465/Trx eae92955d0486692b518ccc3087dfb357417de3a |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "eae92955d0486692b518ccc3087dfb357417de3a",
"block": 43214465,
"trx_in_block": 10,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-05-09T03:32:45",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "bakiib",
"vesting_shares": "8705.957091 VESTS"
}
]
}2020/05/08 06:49:27
2020/05/08 06:49:27
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | bakiib |
| vesting shares | 1953.311140 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #43190182/Trx 89bab11808bb817d238746e9dacbb0176b5ea3ba |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "89bab11808bb817d238746e9dacbb0176b5ea3ba",
"block": 43190182,
"trx_in_block": 3,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-05-08T06:49:27",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "bakiib",
"vesting_shares": "1953.311140 VESTS"
}
]
}2020/04/15 20:13:21
2020/04/15 20:13:21
| delegator | steem |
| delegatee | bakiib |
| vesting shares | 8718.934510 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #42560942/Trx f16456ffd42533766757d75658588957258d92dc |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "f16456ffd42533766757d75658588957258d92dc",
"block": 42560942,
"trx_in_block": 9,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-04-15T20:13:21",
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegator": "steem",
"delegatee": "bakiib",
"vesting_shares": "8718.934510 VESTS"
}
]
}2020/01/27 03:24:42
2020/01/27 03:24:42
| parent author | bakiib |
| parent permlink | blind-mystic-baba-vanga-has-shocking-predictions-for-2018 |
| author | steemitboard |
| permlink | steemitboard-notify-bakiib-20200127t032441000z |
| title | |
| body | Congratulations @bakiib! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@bakiib/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table> <sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@bakiib) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=bakiib)_</sub> ###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes! |
| json metadata | {"image":["https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png"]} |
| Transaction Info | Block #40283764/Trx 2b0aa27b8ded385debacee19d0b109f1cca9c480 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "2b0aa27b8ded385debacee19d0b109f1cca9c480",
"block": 40283764,
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}2019/08/22 16:58:36
2019/08/22 16:58:36
| from | dtube |
| to | bakiib |
| amount | 0.001 STEEM |
| memo | Time is running out, claim your DTube account now before anyone else can! Login at https://d.tube |
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}2019/05/12 13:27:57
2019/05/12 13:27:57
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}2019/01/27 02:53:42
2019/01/27 02:53:42
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| author | steemitboard |
| permlink | steemitboard-notify-bakiib-20190127t025343000z |
| title | |
| body | Congratulations @bakiib! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@bakiib/birthday1.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 1 year!</td></tr></table> <sub>_[Click here to view your Board](https://steemitboard.com/@bakiib)_</sub> > Support [SteemitBoard's project](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)! **[Vote for its witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1)** and **get one more award**! |
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}2018/11/19 07:52:36
2018/11/19 07:52:36
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| permlink | re-bakiib-what-s-in-a-golf-ball-20181119t075236291z |
| title | |
| body | Which Golf Ball Is The Best | Complete List and review http://golfobjects.com/2018/10/24/which-golf-ball-is-the-best/ |
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}2018/05/16 20:07:24
2018/05/16 20:07:24
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}2018/04/25 14:22:42
2018/04/25 14:22:42
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}2018/02/21 10:18:33
2018/02/21 10:18:33
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}aiyeshakhanreplied to @bakiib / re-bakiib-2018211t13739574z2018/02/10 20:07:42
aiyeshakhanreplied to @bakiib / re-bakiib-2018211t13739574z
2018/02/10 20:07:42
| parent author | bakiib |
| parent permlink | blind-mystic-baba-vanga-has-shocking-predictions-for-2018 |
| author | aiyeshakhan |
| permlink | re-bakiib-2018211t13739574z |
| title | |
| body | See my post and vote me and I will vote you back 100% |
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}bakiibupvoted (100.00%) @bakiib / blind-mystic-baba-vanga-has-shocking-predictions-for-20182018/02/10 20:04:15
bakiibupvoted (100.00%) @bakiib / blind-mystic-baba-vanga-has-shocking-predictions-for-2018
2018/02/10 20:04:15
| voter | bakiib |
| author | bakiib |
| permlink | blind-mystic-baba-vanga-has-shocking-predictions-for-2018 |
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}bakiibpublished a new post: blind-mystic-baba-vanga-has-shocking-predictions-for-20182018/02/10 20:04:15
bakiibpublished a new post: blind-mystic-baba-vanga-has-shocking-predictions-for-2018
2018/02/10 20:04:15
| parent author | |
| parent permlink | hot |
| author | bakiib |
| permlink | blind-mystic-baba-vanga-has-shocking-predictions-for-2018 |
| title | Blind Mystic Baba Vanga Has Shocking Predictions For 2018. |
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}bakiibfollowed @surpassinggoogle2018/02/10 19:56:27
bakiibfollowed @surpassinggoogle
2018/02/10 19:56:27
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2018/02/10 19:53:12
| parent author | bakiib |
| parent permlink | one-of-the-best-ico-s-omnitude-pre-ico-get-in-early-stage |
| author | cheetah |
| permlink | cheetah-re-bakiibone-of-the-best-ico-s-omnitude-pre-ico-get-in-early-stage |
| title | |
| body | Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in: https://omnitude.tech/ |
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}cheetahupvoted (0.08%) @bakiib / one-of-the-best-ico-s-omnitude-pre-ico-get-in-early-stage2018/02/10 19:53:09
cheetahupvoted (0.08%) @bakiib / one-of-the-best-ico-s-omnitude-pre-ico-get-in-early-stage
2018/02/10 19:53:09
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}bakiibupvoted (100.00%) @bakiib / one-of-the-best-ico-s-omnitude-pre-ico-get-in-early-stage2018/02/10 19:52:57
bakiibupvoted (100.00%) @bakiib / one-of-the-best-ico-s-omnitude-pre-ico-get-in-early-stage
2018/02/10 19:52:57
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}bakiibpublished a new post: one-of-the-best-ico-s-omnitude-pre-ico-get-in-early-stage2018/02/10 19:52:57
bakiibpublished a new post: one-of-the-best-ico-s-omnitude-pre-ico-get-in-early-stage
2018/02/10 19:52:57
| parent author | |
| parent permlink | ico |
| author | bakiib |
| permlink | one-of-the-best-ico-s-omnitude-pre-ico-get-in-early-stage |
| title | One of the best ICO:s Omnitude (Pre ICO) Get in early stage. |
| body | <h1>About Omnitude</h1> What is Omnitude? Omnitude is a radical concept in blockchain ecosystems. Not only creating our own blockchain solutions that integrate enterprise systems, supply chains and eCommerce platforms. But also enabling a community of app developers that can imagine, build and deploy blockchain solutions to real world problems. Omnitude enables businesses to solve problems in ways that were not previously possible without the rise of blockchain technology. Omnitude will help achieve: The creation of transparent and accountable manufacturing and supply chains. A significant reduction in eCommerce fraud. The enablement of a single customer identity for use across any Omnitude connected eCommerce site. Blockchain integration between enterprise systems such as ERP & WMS. ... And many more solutions from Omnitude and the community built as Omnitude Apps. Omnitude is a blockchain project borne out of an existing enterprise eCommerce agency. We’ve spent the best part of the last 10 years putting up with one of the major problems Omnitude will fix: integrations. We've spent most of our time integrating and reintegrating systems. We know this sector inside and out, we have a pool of staff who know this sector very well and more importantly, we have a lot of enterprise customers who cannot wait to get their hands on Omnitude. <iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/254527681?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0" width="640" height="360" frameborder="0" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen></iframe> <p><a href="https://vimeo.com/254527681"></a> Help if you want: https://goo.gl/9rCprB White paper: https://files.acrobat.com/a/preview/75fe0af9-d98b-4002-863c-138b43a131ef |
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"body": "<h1>About Omnitude</h1>\n\nWhat is Omnitude?\n\nOmnitude is a radical concept in blockchain ecosystems. \nNot only creating our own blockchain solutions that integrate enterprise systems, supply chains and eCommerce platforms. But also enabling a community of app developers that can imagine, build and deploy blockchain solutions to real world problems.\n\nOmnitude enables businesses to solve problems in ways that were not previously possible without the rise of blockchain technology.\n\nOmnitude will help achieve:\n\nThe creation of transparent and accountable manufacturing and supply chains.\nA significant reduction in eCommerce fraud.\nThe enablement of a single customer identity for use across any Omnitude connected eCommerce site.\nBlockchain integration between enterprise systems such as ERP & WMS.\n... And many more solutions from Omnitude and the community built as Omnitude Apps.\nOmnitude is a blockchain project borne out of an existing enterprise eCommerce agency. We’ve spent the best part of the last 10 years putting up with one of the major problems Omnitude will fix: integrations. We've spent most of our time integrating and reintegrating systems.\n\nWe know this sector inside and out, we have a pool of staff who know this sector very well and more importantly, we have a lot of enterprise customers who cannot wait to get their hands on Omnitude.\n<iframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/254527681?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen></iframe>\n<p><a href=\"https://vimeo.com/254527681\"></a>\n\nHelp if you want: https://goo.gl/9rCprB\nWhite paper:\nhttps://files.acrobat.com/a/preview/75fe0af9-d98b-4002-863c-138b43a131ef",
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}bakiibclaimed reward balance: 0.022 SBD, 0.008 SP2018/02/10 19:38:06
bakiibclaimed reward balance: 0.022 SBD, 0.008 SP
2018/02/10 19:38:06
| account | bakiib |
| reward steem | 0.000 STEEM |
| reward sbd | 0.022 SBD |
| reward vests | 12.270109 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #19755803/Trx 1c9fda3d765d02c3aef7d1eea0f38c3eee3664be |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "1c9fda3d765d02c3aef7d1eea0f38c3eee3664be",
"block": 19755803,
"trx_in_block": 42,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-02-10T19:38:06",
"op": [
"claim_reward_balance",
{
"account": "bakiib",
"reward_steem": "0.000 STEEM",
"reward_sbd": "0.022 SBD",
"reward_vests": "12.270109 VESTS"
}
]
}bakiibreceived 0.011 SBD, 0.004 SP author reward for @bakiib / rippex-discloses-a-schedule-to-close-its-ripple-gateway-services2018/02/10 17:37:24
bakiibreceived 0.011 SBD, 0.004 SP author reward for @bakiib / rippex-discloses-a-schedule-to-close-its-ripple-gateway-services
2018/02/10 17:37:24
| author | bakiib |
| permlink | rippex-discloses-a-schedule-to-close-its-ripple-gateway-services |
| sbd payout | 0.011 SBD |
| steem payout | 0.000 STEEM |
| vesting payout | 6.135051 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #19753390/Virtual Operation #3 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"block": 19753390,
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"op_in_trx": 0,
"virtual_op": 3,
"timestamp": "2018-02-10T17:37:24",
"op": [
"author_reward",
{
"author": "bakiib",
"permlink": "rippex-discloses-a-schedule-to-close-its-ripple-gateway-services",
"sbd_payout": "0.011 SBD",
"steem_payout": "0.000 STEEM",
"vesting_payout": "6.135051 VESTS"
}
]
}bakiibreceived 0.011 SBD, 0.004 SP author reward for @bakiib / 10-most-heavily-guarded-homes-on-earth2018/02/10 17:08:09
bakiibreceived 0.011 SBD, 0.004 SP author reward for @bakiib / 10-most-heavily-guarded-homes-on-earth
2018/02/10 17:08:09
| author | bakiib |
| permlink | 10-most-heavily-guarded-homes-on-earth |
| sbd payout | 0.011 SBD |
| steem payout | 0.000 STEEM |
| vesting payout | 6.135058 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #19752806/Virtual Operation #3 |
View Raw JSON Data
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"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"block": 19752806,
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"op_in_trx": 0,
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"op": [
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"permlink": "10-most-heavily-guarded-homes-on-earth",
"sbd_payout": "0.011 SBD",
"steem_payout": "0.000 STEEM",
"vesting_payout": "6.135058 VESTS"
}
]
}2018/02/10 01:53:36
2018/02/10 01:53:36
| voter | sensation |
| author | bakiib |
| permlink | steemit |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #19734524/Trx 75502080586097ee126caff96d29fb98dbe205b9 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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"op": [
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"author": "bakiib",
"permlink": "steemit",
"weight": 10000
}
]
}2018/02/10 01:53:00
2018/02/10 01:53:00
| voter | sensation |
| author | bakiib |
| permlink | bitcoin |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #19734512/Trx 5ea4d9f276995b51f6c1c8b15da0f557378ca490 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "5ea4d9f276995b51f6c1c8b15da0f557378ca490",
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"author": "bakiib",
"permlink": "bitcoin",
"weight": 10000
}
]
}2018/02/10 01:03:57
2018/02/10 01:03:57
| voter | bakiib |
| author | bakiib |
| permlink | steemit |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #19733531/Trx b0dce2bac41999bd2edc7a3d1f62ba16aad9cb6a |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"trx_id": "b0dce2bac41999bd2edc7a3d1f62ba16aad9cb6a",
"block": 19733531,
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"timestamp": "2018-02-10T01:03:57",
"op": [
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}2018/02/10 01:03:57
2018/02/10 01:03:57
| parent author | |
| parent permlink | cryptocurrency |
| author | bakiib |
| permlink | steemit |
| title | Steemit |
| body |  Steemit is a blockchain-based social media content platform, which rewards its users with Steemit’s own cryptocurrency, STEEM, for producing content and using the voting system of the platform. Steemit is a part of the Steem network. [1] [2] Steemit is powered by Steem, an open-source blockchain. Founded by Daniel Larimer and Ned Scott, the CEO of the organization, the main objective of Steemit is to incentivize the users of the platform to create quality content and promote the content they like, as well as commenting on stories. [3] Since the platform’s launch in March 2016, the most popular topics on Steemit included cryptocurrencies, politics, and technology. Both the user base and the market capitalization of Steemit has significantly increased from the platform’s launch. It has been reported that, between March and June 2016, the membership has doubled every week since the launch of the platform. Furthermore, between the same period, the market capitalization of the organization has increased from $7 million to $17 million. According to Ned Scott, in the course of three months, the page sessions of Steemit had jumped nearly six times. Scott added that, at the time, the Steem blockchain experienced twelve transfers, posts or votes on average in a minute. As of October 2017, the market capitalization of Steem is over $252 million. [4] [5] Steem highlighted three principles, which the organization used for guiding the design of the platform. The first and the most important principle is that everyone who contributes to a venture should receive a pro-rata ownership, payment or debt from the venture. Steem stated that the organization’s first principle is the same as the one applied to startup firms as they allocate shares at founding or during funding rounds. Secondly, according to Steem, is that all forms of capital are equally valuable, therefore, those who contribute their time and attention towards producing and curating content for others are as valuable as those who contribute funds to a project. The third principle states that the community should produce products to serve its members. The Steem community provides services different services to its members including a source for curated news and commentary, means to get answers to personalized questions, a cryptocurrency linked to the United States Dollar (USD), free payments, and jobs providing services to other members. According to Steem, the economic incentives provided by the company will potentially result in “fairer and more inclusive” results for the community than social media and cryptocurrency platforms launching prior to Steemit. <h1>Contributions</h1> The Steem network allows different types of contributions, which are rewarded by the organization. Steem offers two different types of capital contributions to its investors. Buying ownership generates profit for the investors when the community grows, however, losses can be also generated when the community shrinks. Ownership can be held in two ways: liquid and vesting. While liquid ownership can be sold at any time, vesting ownership comes with a long-term commitment from the investor with setting a minimum period of time before the ownership can be sold. Investors buying debt are guaranteed a certain amount of interest on their investment but they do not get to participate in any potential profits when the community expands. Users in the Steem community can also contribute by Subjective Proof of Work (PoW) system, such as mining. According to Steem, Subjective Proof of Work allows the community to collectively fund the development of the community’s values along with enabling the monetization of previously non-monetizable time. The primary goal of Steem’s reward system is to “produce the best discussions on the internet”. On an annual rate, 75 percent of the yearly inflation of the Steem network’s cryptocurrencies are distributed to individual users for submitting, voting and discussing content. The actual rate of distribution depends on the voting patterns of the users but Steem assumes the vast majority of the content-related rewards are distributed among the creators of the most popular content on the platform. According to the organization, Steemit’s content-related reward system’s goal is to offer large bounties for quality content while still rewarding the “smaller players for their long-tail contribution”. After a post has received a payout, the payment will be distributed 50 percent in Steem Dollars and 50 percent in Steem Power. While Steem Power provides the user with benefits relating to voting and transactions, the Steem Dollars benefit the community with the stability and liquidity of the currency. Contrary to the Steem Dollars, users in the Steem community are encouraged for the long-term hold of Steem Power rather than selling the tokens in a short period of time. Users have the option to receive payments for their content-wise contributions a 100 percent in Steem Power and to decline payouts. The declined payments are transferred to the rewards pool and will be distributed in the community. <h1>Currencies</h1> The Steem network has three various cryptocurrencies: Steem (STEEM), Steem Power (SP) and Steem Dollars (SBD). STEEM is the base currency and fundamental unit of the Steem blockchain with the other tokens derived from the value of STEEM. STEEM has liquid features, therefore, it can be bought and sold on cryptocurrency exchanges and can be also transferred to other users in the Steem network as a form of payment. Steem Power is a 13-week vesting schedule where the users and investors can commit their STEEM while the organization provides such users and investors additional benefits within the platform. Steem Power is also an access token granting its holders exclusive perks within the Steem platform. SP balances can’t be transferred or divided except via requesting for an automatic recurring conversion, therefore, Steem Power can be hardly traded on cryptocurrency exchanges. Holders of Steem Power benefit from the additional influence they get as, when voting, their influence is directly proportional to the amount of SP they hold, thus, users who have more Steem Power have more influence on the distribution of rewards. The holders of SP receive interest from Steem on the balance of Steem Power remaining vested. 15 percent of the yearly inflation of the token is paid to the token holders as an interest. The amount of the interest the token holders receive is directly proportional to the amount of Steem Power they hold relative to the total amount of vested SP across all community. While transferring STEEM to SP is referred in the Steemit community as “powering up”, exchanging SP to STEEM is referred as “powering down”. When a user chooses powering down, he will receive STEEM in 13 equal week payments, starting one week after the power down is initiated. Steem Dollar or Steem Blockchain Dollar (SBD) is a token within the Steem network, which is designed to bring stability to the Steemit community. SBD is created by a mechanism similar to convertible notes (often used for funding startup organizations). Steem Dollars are short-term debt instruments that can be converted to ownership at a rate determined in the future. SBD holders can convert the backing token with a minimum notice at the current market rates. Steem Dollar is linked to the price and the value of the United States Dollars, with Steem turning a major focus for the SBD to stay near the price level of the USD. As SBD is a short-term debt, it pays the holders interest. <h1>Transaction Fees</h1> Transactions conducted in the Steem network are cost-free as, according to the organization, it would be counterproductive to “turn around and charge people every time they attempt to interact with the community.” Steem also sees problems regarding low amount transactions as, in many cases, the high fees prevent users sending out cryptocurrencies to a wallet to another in the case of low amount transactions. <h1>Graphene</h1> The Steem network is built upon Graphene, the same technology the decentralized cryptocurrency exchange BitShares is using. The public demonstration of the Graphene network has proved that it can sustain over 1,000 transactions per second on a distributed test network. According to Steem, with various improvements, Graphene could be “easily” scaled up to or over 10,000 transactions per second. Without any significant efforts towards optimization, Steem claims its network is able to process approximately 10,000 transactions per second. <h1>Decentralized Exchange</h1> Steem operates a decentralized exchange on its blockchain similar to the BitShares cryptocurrency exchange. Through a public, decentralized market, the exchanged allows the users of the Steem community to trade their STEEM and SBD tokens. Order matching is performed automatically by the blockchain while users are able to both buy and sell their tokens by placing orders for the actions. [6] The decentralized exchange includes a publicly accessible order book and order history providing the users the chance to analyze the market. Users can interact with the Steem decentralized exchange via the Application Programming Interface (API) or Graphical User Interface (GUI). Steem provides escrow services to its users. Users can send and receive transactions on the Steem blockchain with a third-party escrow service operated by the community. The user acting as the escrow service will determine whether the terms of the agreement related to the transaction have been met. If the terms have been met, the user operating the escrow will allow the funds to be released from the escrow, if not, the funds will be returned to the sender. <h1>Token Allocation and Supply</h1> Steem started with a base supply of 0 STEEM. The Steem network allocates STEEM thorough mining via a Proof of Work structure with generating approximately 40 STEEM per minute for miners and an additional 40 STEEM per minute created for the reward pool to incentivize content creators and curators. Steem also rewards users who converted their tokens to Steem Power. As of August 2017, due to the combined effects of various rewards for contributions, the STEEM generated increased to a rate of approximately 800 STEEM per minute. In December 2016, Steem started creating new tokens at a yearly inflation rate of 9.5 percent. Every year, Steem expects the inflation to be decreased by 0.5 percent until the inflation rate reaches 0.95 percent. The organization expects this rate to be reached in 20.5 years counting from December 2016. 75 percent of the new tokens will go the reward pool, which is split between the content curators and authors, 15 percent of the new tokens will be awarded to the holders of Steem Power while the remaining 10 percent will be transferred to the witnesses who publish price feeds to power the Steem blockchain. <h1>Censorship</h1> As the Steem network is operated by witnesses of the Steem community from different jurisdictions on a global scale, the organization claims that there is no single entity that can censor the content that is “valued by STEEM holders”. All of the user actions are publicly recorded on the Steem blockchain, which can be verified anytime by anyone. Although, on individuals websites in the Steem network, such as Steemit, may censor content on a single website. However, according to Steem, all of the content created in the Steem network is published on the blockchain, thus, the censored content could be made available on the mirrors of the websites. Steem stated that the organization values the freedom of speech and turns a major focus on keeping it. According to Steem, freedom of speech is the “foundation of all other liberties and any infringement upon freedom of speech undermines the only peaceful means of reaching consensus: discussion”. Steem argued that freedom of speech allows the individuals to be fully informed. According to Steem, an uninformed voter is a greater threat to society than losing the right to vote. Steem sees censorship as means for “stealing votes through limiting public discourse”. <h1>Content Monetization</h1> Steemit’s monetization model for content is reward-based instead of the content creators relying on advertising. According to Steem, in some cases, monetization through advertising decreases the value of the created content from the viewpoint of the consumers. Steem stated that while advertising model allows the content creator to make money more easily, the lack of advertisements would allow the content to be “richer”. Apart from the reward-based model Steem offers, content creators can post or share their content with social media outlets connected to Steem. If the creators’ work is recognized or liked by the Steem community, they can successfully monetize their content. <h1>Smart Media Tokens</h1> In October 2017, Steemit announced the launch of Smart Media Tokens (SMT), which will allow the connection between content hosting websites and new revenue streams, consumer bases, and development opportunities. [7] [8] The expected launch of the new software is the fall of 2017. Steemit’s software will allow publications, publishers, and social media platforms to create native tokens based on the Steem blockchain. With the new software, the organizations will be able to integrate a customizable token system into their website, portal, or platform. Integrating the protocol of the software will enable the organizations to launch Smart Media Tokens for their websites, applications, or communities. Steem seeks to provide an opportunity to the organizations to eliminate paywalls and subscription-based monetization models. Instead, the organizations can switch to a model similar to Steemit’s: Smart Media Tokens are used to reward publishers and consumers based upon their contributions to the platform, such as likes, votes, views, shares, and comments. Smart Media Tokens can be integrated into a platform or application without changing any infrastructure or functions. Steem expects this will “break down barriers” for the organizations to enter the fintech industry, and that the Smart Media Tokens will create a “mutually beneficial” bridge between the consumers, content, and media revenue. According to Steem, Smart Media Tokens have a “near instant settlement” with no transaction fees. Furthermore, the Smart Media Tokens can be used by the organizations to raise funds through Initial Coin Offerings (ICO). Ned Scott, Chief Executive Officer of Steemit, said that print is “dying” while the integration of advertisements is inefficient, distracting, and generally unwanted by the consumers. According to Scott, this has led to a “widespread battle” to monetize content. He argues that the solution for this are Smart Media Tokens, which represent the “new frontier of the tokenized internet”. Scott expects that with the launch of Steemit’s Smart Media Tokens, numerous mainstream publications will change from advertising model to the token model, therefore, the content will be curated by the public. Furthermore, he stated that with Smart Media Tokens, the content hosts are able to create dedicated revenue streams allowing “richer and smarter” content directly targeting to a specific user base. Scott sees the Smart Media Token as a user-friendly and inexpensive way for organizations to raise funds, launch their own digital currencies, grow their community, and to generate revenue. <h1>References:</h1> 1. https://steemit.com 2. https://news.bitcoin.com/steemit-pays-users-massive-growth/ 3. https://www.coindesk.com/steemit-blockchain-social-media-how-works/ 4. https://steemd.com/ 5. https://steem.io/SteemWhitePaper.pdf 6. https://steem.io/steem-bluepaper.pdf 7. http://www.the-blockchain.com/2017/10/01/steemit-introduces-new-way-monetize-media-publishers-blockchain-trailblazer-enables-cryptocurrency-powered-alternative-content-hosting-paywalls-subscription-fees/ 8. https://smt.steem.io/ |
| json metadata | {"tags":["cryptocurrency","steemit","blockchain","trendigt","hot"],"image":["https://steemitimages.com/DQmPfxoYePey1sXv5X6VmAzWCi6teZvjN12FHGRV2GqT6dV/steemit.jpeg"],"links":["https://steemit.com","https://news.bitcoin.com/steemit-pays-users-massive-growth/","https://www.coindesk.com/steemit-blockchain-social-media-how-works/","https://steemd.com/","https://steem.io/SteemWhitePaper.pdf","https://steem.io/steem-bluepaper.pdf","http://www.the-blockchain.com/2017/10/01/steemit-introduces-new-way-monetize-media-publishers-blockchain-trailblazer-enables-cryptocurrency-powered-alternative-content-hosting-paywalls-subscription-fees/","https://smt.steem.io/"],"app":"steemit/0.1","format":"markdown"} |
| Transaction Info | Block #19733531/Trx b0dce2bac41999bd2edc7a3d1f62ba16aad9cb6a |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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"timestamp": "2018-02-10T01:03:57",
"op": [
"comment",
{
"parent_author": "",
"parent_permlink": "cryptocurrency",
"author": "bakiib",
"permlink": "steemit",
"title": "Steemit",
"body": "\n\n\nSteemit is a blockchain-based social media content platform, which rewards its users with Steemit’s own cryptocurrency, STEEM, for producing content and using the voting system of the platform. Steemit is a part of the Steem network. [1] [2]\nSteemit is powered by Steem, an open-source blockchain. Founded by Daniel Larimer and Ned Scott, the CEO of the organization, the main objective of Steemit is to incentivize the users of the platform to create quality content and promote the content they like, as well as commenting on stories. [3]\nSince the platform’s launch in March 2016, the most popular topics on Steemit included cryptocurrencies, politics, and technology.\nBoth the user base and the market capitalization of Steemit has significantly increased from the platform’s launch. It has been reported that, between March and June 2016, the membership has doubled every week since the launch of the platform. Furthermore, between the same period, the market capitalization of the organization has increased from $7 million to $17 million. According to Ned Scott, in the course of three months, the page sessions of Steemit had jumped nearly six times. Scott added that, at the time, the Steem blockchain experienced twelve transfers, posts or votes on average in a minute. As of October 2017, the market capitalization of Steem is over $252 million. [4] [5]\nSteem highlighted three principles, which the organization used for guiding the design of the platform. The first and the most important principle is that everyone who contributes to a venture should receive a pro-rata ownership, payment or debt from the venture. Steem stated that the organization’s first principle is the same as the one applied to startup firms as they allocate shares at founding or during funding rounds. \nSecondly, according to Steem, is that all forms of capital are equally valuable, therefore, those who contribute their time and attention towards producing and curating content for others are as valuable as those who contribute funds to a project. \nThe third principle states that the community should produce products to serve its members. The Steem community provides services different services to its members including a source for curated news and commentary, means to get answers to personalized questions, a cryptocurrency linked to the United States Dollar (USD), free payments, and jobs providing services to other members.\nAccording to Steem, the economic incentives provided by the company will potentially result in “fairer and more inclusive” results for the community than social media and cryptocurrency platforms launching prior to Steemit.\n\n<h1>Contributions</h1>\n\nThe Steem network allows different types of contributions, which are rewarded by the organization.\nSteem offers two different types of capital contributions to its investors. Buying ownership generates profit for the investors when the community grows, however, losses can be also generated when the community shrinks. Ownership can be held in two ways: liquid and vesting. While liquid ownership can be sold at any time, vesting ownership comes with a long-term commitment from the investor with setting a minimum period of time before the ownership can be sold. Investors buying debt are guaranteed a certain amount of interest on their investment but they do not get to participate in any potential profits when the community expands.\nUsers in the Steem community can also contribute by Subjective Proof of Work (PoW) system, such as mining. According to Steem, Subjective Proof of Work allows the community to collectively fund the development of the community’s values along with enabling the monetization of previously non-monetizable time.\nThe primary goal of Steem’s reward system is to “produce the best discussions on the internet”. On an annual rate, 75 percent of the yearly inflation of the Steem network’s cryptocurrencies are distributed to individual users for submitting, voting and discussing content. The actual rate of distribution depends on the voting patterns of the users but Steem assumes the vast majority of the content-related rewards are distributed among the creators of the most popular content on the platform. According to the organization, Steemit’s content-related reward system’s goal is to offer large bounties for quality content while still rewarding the “smaller players for their long-tail contribution”.\nAfter a post has received a payout, the payment will be distributed 50 percent in Steem Dollars and 50 percent in Steem Power. While Steem Power provides the user with benefits relating to voting and transactions, the Steem Dollars benefit the community with the stability and liquidity of the currency. Contrary to the Steem Dollars, users in the Steem community are encouraged for the long-term hold of Steem Power rather than selling the tokens in a short period of time. \nUsers have the option to receive payments for their content-wise contributions a 100 percent in Steem Power and to decline payouts. The declined payments are transferred to the rewards pool and will be distributed in the community.\n\n<h1>Currencies</h1>\n\nThe Steem network has three various cryptocurrencies: Steem (STEEM), Steem Power (SP) and Steem Dollars (SBD). \nSTEEM is the base currency and fundamental unit of the Steem blockchain with the other tokens derived from the value of STEEM. STEEM has liquid features, therefore, it can be bought and sold on cryptocurrency exchanges and can be also transferred to other users in the Steem network as a form of payment.\nSteem Power is a 13-week vesting schedule where the users and investors can commit their STEEM while the organization provides such users and investors additional benefits within the platform. Steem Power is also an access token granting its holders exclusive perks within the Steem platform. SP balances can’t be transferred or divided except via requesting for an automatic recurring conversion, therefore, Steem Power can be hardly traded on cryptocurrency exchanges.\nHolders of Steem Power benefit from the additional influence they get as, when voting, their influence is directly proportional to the amount of SP they hold, thus, users who have more Steem Power have more influence on the distribution of rewards.\nThe holders of SP receive interest from Steem on the balance of Steem Power remaining vested. 15 percent of the yearly inflation of the token is paid to the token holders as an interest. The amount of the interest the token holders receive is directly proportional to the amount of Steem Power they hold relative to the total amount of vested SP across all community.\nWhile transferring STEEM to SP is referred in the Steemit community as “powering up”, exchanging SP to STEEM is referred as “powering down”. When a user chooses powering down, he will receive STEEM in 13 equal week payments, starting one week after the power down is initiated.\nSteem Dollar or Steem Blockchain Dollar (SBD) is a token within the Steem network, which is designed to bring stability to the Steemit community. SBD is created by a mechanism similar to convertible notes (often used for funding startup organizations). Steem Dollars are short-term debt instruments that can be converted to ownership at a rate determined in the future. SBD holders can convert the backing token with a minimum notice at the current market rates.\nSteem Dollar is linked to the price and the value of the United States Dollars, with Steem turning a major focus for the SBD to stay near the price level of the USD. As SBD is a short-term debt, it pays the holders interest.\n\n<h1>Transaction Fees</h1>\n\nTransactions conducted in the Steem network are cost-free as, according to the organization, it would be counterproductive to “turn around and charge people every time they attempt to interact with the community.” Steem also sees problems regarding low amount transactions as, in many cases, the high fees prevent users sending out cryptocurrencies to a wallet to another in the case of low amount transactions.\n\n<h1>Graphene</h1>\n\nThe Steem network is built upon Graphene, the same technology the decentralized cryptocurrency exchange BitShares is using.\nThe public demonstration of the Graphene network has proved that it can sustain over 1,000 transactions per second on a distributed test network. According to Steem, with various improvements, Graphene could be “easily” scaled up to or over 10,000 transactions per second.\nWithout any significant efforts towards optimization, Steem claims its network is able to process approximately 10,000 transactions per second.\n\n<h1>Decentralized Exchange</h1>\n\nSteem operates a decentralized exchange on its blockchain similar to the BitShares cryptocurrency exchange. Through a public, decentralized market, the exchanged allows the users of the Steem community to trade their STEEM and SBD tokens. Order matching is performed automatically by the blockchain while users are able to both buy and sell their tokens by placing orders for the actions. [6]\nThe decentralized exchange includes a publicly accessible order book and order history providing the users the chance to analyze the market. Users can interact with the Steem decentralized exchange via the Application Programming Interface (API) or Graphical User Interface (GUI).\nSteem provides escrow services to its users. Users can send and receive transactions on the Steem blockchain with a third-party escrow service operated by the community. The user acting as the escrow service will determine whether the terms of the agreement related to the transaction have been met. If the terms have been met, the user operating the escrow will allow the funds to be released from the escrow, if not, the funds will be returned to the sender.\n\n<h1>Token Allocation and Supply</h1>\n\nSteem started with a base supply of 0 STEEM. The Steem network allocates STEEM thorough mining via a Proof of Work structure with generating approximately 40 STEEM per minute for miners and an additional 40 STEEM per minute created for the reward pool to incentivize content creators and curators. Steem also rewards users who converted their tokens to Steem Power. As of August 2017, due to the combined effects of various rewards for contributions, the STEEM generated increased to a rate of approximately 800 STEEM per minute.\nIn December 2016, Steem started creating new tokens at a yearly inflation rate of 9.5 percent. Every year, Steem expects the inflation to be decreased by 0.5 percent until the inflation rate reaches 0.95 percent. The organization expects this rate to be reached in 20.5 years counting from December 2016.\n75 percent of the new tokens will go the reward pool, which is split between the content curators and authors, 15 percent of the new tokens will be awarded to the holders of Steem Power while the remaining 10 percent will be transferred to the witnesses who publish price feeds to power the Steem blockchain.\n\n<h1>Censorship</h1>\n\nAs the Steem network is operated by witnesses of the Steem community from different jurisdictions on a global scale, the organization claims that there is no single entity that can censor the content that is “valued by STEEM holders”. All of the user actions are publicly recorded on the Steem blockchain, which can be verified anytime by anyone.\nAlthough, on individuals websites in the Steem network, such as Steemit, may censor content on a single website. However, according to Steem, all of the content created in the Steem network is published on the blockchain, thus, the censored content could be made available on the mirrors of the websites.\nSteem stated that the organization values the freedom of speech and turns a major focus on keeping it. According to Steem, freedom of speech is the “foundation of all other liberties and any infringement upon freedom of speech undermines the only peaceful means of reaching consensus: discussion”. Steem argued that freedom of speech allows the individuals to be fully informed. According to Steem, an uninformed voter is a greater threat to society than losing the right to vote. Steem sees censorship as means for “stealing votes through limiting public discourse”.\n\n<h1>Content Monetization</h1>\n\nSteemit’s monetization model for content is reward-based instead of the content creators relying on advertising. According to Steem, in some cases, monetization through advertising decreases the value of the created content from the viewpoint of the consumers. Steem stated that while advertising model allows the content creator to make money more easily, the lack of advertisements would allow the content to be “richer”.\nApart from the reward-based model Steem offers, content creators can post or share their content with social media outlets connected to Steem. If the creators’ work is recognized or liked by the Steem community, they can successfully monetize their content.\n\n<h1>Smart Media Tokens</h1>\n\nIn October 2017, Steemit announced the launch of Smart Media Tokens (SMT), which will allow the connection between content hosting websites and new revenue streams, consumer bases, and development opportunities. [7] [8]\nThe expected launch of the new software is the fall of 2017. Steemit’s software will allow publications, publishers, and social media platforms to create native tokens based on the Steem blockchain. With the new software, the organizations will be able to integrate a customizable token system into their website, portal, or platform.\nIntegrating the protocol of the software will enable the organizations to launch Smart Media Tokens for their websites, applications, or communities. Steem seeks to provide an opportunity to the organizations to eliminate paywalls and subscription-based monetization models. Instead, the organizations can switch to a model similar to Steemit’s: Smart Media Tokens are used to reward publishers and consumers based upon their contributions to the platform, such as likes, votes, views, shares, and comments.\nSmart Media Tokens can be integrated into a platform or application without changing any infrastructure or functions. Steem expects this will “break down barriers” for the organizations to enter the fintech industry, and that the Smart Media Tokens will create a “mutually beneficial” bridge between the consumers, content, and media revenue.\nAccording to Steem, Smart Media Tokens have a “near instant settlement” with no transaction fees. Furthermore, the Smart Media Tokens can be used by the organizations to raise funds through Initial Coin Offerings (ICO).\nNed Scott, Chief Executive Officer of Steemit, said that print is “dying” while the integration of advertisements is inefficient, distracting, and generally unwanted by the consumers. According to Scott, this has led to a “widespread battle” to monetize content. He argues that the solution for this are Smart Media Tokens, which represent the “new frontier of the tokenized internet”. Scott expects that with the launch of Steemit’s Smart Media Tokens, numerous mainstream publications will change from advertising model to the token model, therefore, the content will be curated by the public. Furthermore, he stated that with Smart Media Tokens, the content hosts are able to create dedicated revenue streams allowing “richer and smarter” content directly targeting to a specific user base. Scott sees the Smart Media Token as a user-friendly and inexpensive way for organizations to raise funds, launch their own digital currencies, grow their community, and to generate revenue.\n\n<h1>References:</h1>\n1. https://steemit.com\n2. https://news.bitcoin.com/steemit-pays-users-massive-growth/\n3. https://www.coindesk.com/steemit-blockchain-social-media-how-works/\n4. https://steemd.com/\n5. https://steem.io/SteemWhitePaper.pdf\n6. https://steem.io/steem-bluepaper.pdf\n7. http://www.the-blockchain.com/2017/10/01/steemit-introduces-new-way-monetize-media-publishers-blockchain-trailblazer-enables-cryptocurrency-powered-alternative-content-hosting-paywalls-subscription-fees/\n8. https://smt.steem.io/",
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}2018/02/10 00:46:57
2018/02/10 00:46:57
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coin.inforeplied to @bakiib / re-bakiib-bitcoin-20180210t004654175z
2018/02/10 00:46:54
| parent author | bakiib |
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| author | coin.info |
| permlink | re-bakiib-bitcoin-20180210t004654175z |
| title | |
| body | **Coins mentioned in post:** Coin | | Price (USD) | 📈 24h | 📈 7d - | - | - | - | - **BCH** | Bitcoin Cash | 1323.710$ | _5.79%_ | _15.13%_ **BTC** | Bitcoin | 8887.710$ | _9.32%_ | _3.36%_ **DAI** | Dai | 1.007$ | _0.25%_ | _0.02%_ **ETH** | Ethereum | 895.103$ | _11.03%_ | _0.46%_ **ING** | Iungo | 0.280$ | _-2.84%_ | _null%_ |
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"body": "**Coins mentioned in post:**\n\nCoin | | Price (USD) | 📈 24h | 📈 7d\n- | - | - | - | -\n**BCH** | Bitcoin Cash | 1323.710$ | _5.79%_ | _15.13%_\n**BTC** | Bitcoin | 8887.710$ | _9.32%_ | _3.36%_\n**DAI** | Dai | 1.007$ | _0.25%_ | _0.02%_\n**ETH** | Ethereum | 895.103$ | _11.03%_ | _0.46%_\n**ING** | Iungo | 0.280$ | _-2.84%_ | _null%_",
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}2018/02/10 00:45:09
2018/02/10 00:45:09
| parent author | |
| parent permlink | bitcoin |
| author | bakiib |
| permlink | bitcoin |
| title | Bitcoin |
| body |  Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency and a decentralized settlement network, which was defined by its creator Satoshi Nakamoto, an unknown individual or a group, as “a peer-to-peer electronic cash system.” Bitcoin was first released as open-source software in 2009, after the release of the whitepaper of Satoshi Nakamoto. The eight-paged document listed the technical intricacies and structure of bitcoin which includes mining, transactions, time-stamp server, the proof-of-work consensus protocol, blockchain technology, decentralized network, incentive, nodes, and monetary supply. As a distributed protocol, Bitcoin operates without the existence and necessity of intermediaries and network administrators. The network is sustained by a decentralized community of miners, node operators, and developers. As of October 2017, Bitcoin is regulated in most countries except Bangladesh, Bolivia, Ecuador and Kyrgyzstan. Most notably, Bitcoin is acknowledged as a legal currency and remittance system in the Philippines, Japan, South Korea, and Australia. <h1>Terminology</h1> Bitcoin was defined in its whitepaper released on 31 October 2008, as a combination of the words bit and coin. Most dictionaries and newspapers including the Oxford English Dictionary and the Wall Street Journal use bitcoin in lowercase to refer to the cryptocurrency, and use Bitcoin, the capitalized term, when referring to the technology (e.g the Bitcoin protocol, the Bitcoin network, the Bitcoin software). <h1>Definition</h1> The definition of bitcoin as a cryptocurrency also varies. Merriam Webster defines bitcoin as a “truly untraceable” form of money, while Satoshi Nakamoto’s bitcoin whitepaper described Bitcoin as a transparent settlement network, in which transactions can be traced and analyzed through the public Bitcoin blockchain. <h1>Unit</h1> Each unit of account of the Bitcoin network is referred to as bitcoin. Two tickers or monikers, BTC and XBT, are used to represent bitcoin in trading platforms, exchanges, and stock markets. The smallest unit in bitcoin is a satoshi, which originates from the name of the bitcoin creator Satoshi Nakamoto. One satoshi represents 0.00000001 bitcoin, or one hundred millionth of a bitcoin. Many bitcoin wallet platforms use a millibitcoin, better known as mBTC, which equates to 0.001 bitcoin, or one thousandth of a bitcoin. <h1>History</h1> Bitcoin was first released in January 2009, as open-source software by Satoshi Nakamoto, whose identity remains anonymous, upon the mining of the genesis block. Nakamoto was rewarded with 50 bitcoins for mining the first bitcoin block. The coinbase of the genesis block included an embedded text, which read: “The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks.” Prior to the release of the Bitcoin software, in August 2008, the domain bitcoin.org was registered. Two months thereafter, the Bitcoin whitepaper entitled “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System” authored by Satoshi Nakamoto was officially published on a cryptography mailing list. Computer programmer Hal Finney, bit gold creator Nick Szabo, and b-money founder Wei Dai, were some of the few early supporters of bitcoin. Finney contributed` to the development of bitcoin, assisting Nakamoto in developing the protocol and the decentralized settlement network. In the early phase of the development of bitcoin, Nakamoto had mined 1 million bitcoins. Shortly after releasing bitcoin as open-source software, developer Gain Andresen took over the role as the lead bitcoin developer. <h1>Bitcoin Core</h1> Eventually, Andresen resigned from his role as the lead Bitcoin developer and consequently, the Bitcoin Core development team took charge of developing and sustaining the Bitcoin protocol. The Bitcoin Core development team includes Greg Maxwell, Pieter Wuille, and Eric Lombrozo. Specifically, Jonas Schnelli, Wladimir J. van der Laan, and Marco Falke were assigned to maintain the Bitcoin protocol and commitments--also referred to as pull requests-- from the open-source development community of bitcoin. According to Bitcoincore.org, project maintainers “perform a janitorial role merging patches that the team agrees should be merged. They also act as a final check to ensure that patches are safe and in line with the project goals. The maintainers’ role is by agreement of project contributors.” <h1>Bitcoin Cash</h1> On 1 August 2017, ViaBTC, a Chinese mining pool operator, initiated a hard fork to create Bitcoin Cash (BCH), with the support from major mining equipment manufacturers and pools including Bitmain, Antpool, and Bitcoin.com. <h1>Blockchain</h1> The Bitcoin network requires an immutable ledger to operate as a database for transactions and payments. In Bitcoin, the blockchain is a public ledger which records transactions and maintain a public database of payments. By definition, the blockchain is a chain of blocks which contain bitcoin transactions. Each block can process approximately 2,000 transactions and a new block is produced every 10 minutes through a procedure called mining. The capacity of each block can vary depending on the size of transactions. The blockchain is a key component of the Bitcoin protocol and it records every transaction that is settled within the Bitcoin network. The blockchain is a technology that enables the decentralized ecosystem of nodes, which validate transactions prior to the mining procedure. Transactions verified by nodes are broadcasted to the Bitcoin blockchain as unconfirmed transactions, specifically in the Bitcoin mempool, which are then picked by miners. The blockchain network and the consensus protocol prevent the possibility of double spending, a situation in which a sender sends the identical transaction twice to two different recipients, by publishing every transaction recorded on the Bitcoin blockchain to nodes worldwide. <h1>Transactions</h1> Each bitcoin, or pending balance of bitcoin on wallets, represents a log of transactions and their inputs. Bitcoin cannot be attributed to a single file or physical object. Rather, each bitcoin is a direct representation of its previous transactions. A transaction is a combination of information that includes inputs, outputs, and amount. An input is defined as a record of the bitcoin address that is initially used to send a bitcoin transaction. An output holds the bitcoin address of the receiver of the transaction. The amount represents the amount of bitcoin a sender sends to a recipient in the Bitcoin network. In concept, sending a bitcoin transaction in the Bitcoin network signifies the process of broadcasting the inputs, outputs, and amount of the transaction to the Bitcoin blockchain network, which are then verified by nodes and eventually, by miners. Like fiat currencies, banking systems, and credit cards, bitcoin users can send transactions to multiple recipients. Vice versa, a user can receive multiple transactions from different senders to the identical wallet. The increase in inputs and outputs cause the size of the transaction to rise, which results in a higher transaction fee. In the Bitcoin network, miners are incentivized for confirming transactions and broadcasting them to the blockchain. Users are required to attach fees to transactions to have miners confirm them. Confirmation periods can vary depending on the transaction fee. If the fee is higher, miners are likely to confirm the transaction substantially faster. If the fee is lower than other transactions, miners will confirm the transaction with the lower fee last. The procedure of bitcoin mining and transaction confirmation system creates the fee market, which Bitcoin developer Jimmy Song noted in his research that the existence of the fee market prevents the abuse of public resources in Bitcoin, as Song wrote, “miners naturally will choose the transactions that have the highest fees per byte as this will maximize their revenue. Miners are thus incentivized to only put transactions with the highest fees on the blockchain. This prevents the abuse of a public resource.” <h1>Mining</h1> Mining is a crucial system which operates as the backbone of the Bitcoin network’s security. Through the usage of computer power, also known as hash power, miners discover new blocks that contain bitcoin transactions. Structurally, bitcoin transactions are sets of information of senders, recipients, and amounts. Blocks which contain these bitcoin transactions are mined or solved by miners using hash power, effectively verifying and confirming bitcoin transactions. Mining bitcoin is expensive because it requires significant amounts of hash power, mining equipment, and electricity. A recent study by Dutch bank ING revealed mining one bitcoin trade requires electricity which can power a house in the Netherlands for one whole month. In return, miners receive incentives with newly produced bitcoins and transaction fees. Each block a miner mines produces a certain amount of bitcoin, which changes over time through difficulty adjustment and block reward halving. When the supply of bitcoin reaches its maximum capacity of 21 million bitcoins, miners are rewarded with transaction fees users attach onto transaction fees. Mining is the third phase of transaction verification within the Bitcoin network. First, nodes broadcast transactions to the Bitcoin blockchain and send them to the Bitcoin mempool, wherein unconfirmed transactions are stored. Miners confirm transactions within the Bitcoin mempool, creating blocks of transactions on a chain, which is referred to as the blockchain. Using the SHA-256 hashing algorithm, miners provide each block a cryptographic hash of the previous block. The chain of blocks with unique cryptographic hash eliminates the possibility of the Bitcoin network being breached by hackers. To alter information stored within blocks, the entire blockchain is required to be set apart. Bitmain, a bitcoin mining company, officially became the first multi-billion dollar company within the bitcoin industry in 2016, as profits for mining bitcoin increased significantly. <h1>Monetary Supply</h1> Bitcoin’s monetary supply is unique as it evolves from an inflationary currency to a deflationary currency. Through bitcoin mining, new bitcoins are produced at a rate that is established through block reward halving. As of 9 July 2016, miners are rewarded with 12.5 bitcoin per block that is broadcasted to the public bitcoin blockchain. Every 210,000 blocks, Approximately every four years, the reward for miners and the production rate of bitcoins are halved. Structurally, the bitcoin block reward system was designed to slow down the rate of bitcoin production as it reaches closer to the 21 million capacity. Once the supply of bitcoin reaches 21 million, miners are solely incentivized with transaction fees. The fixed supply of bitcoin makes the currency a deflationary currency by nature, as the supply of bitcoins can only decrease when it achieves its maximum capacity of 21 million bitcoins. <h1>Bitcoin Wallets</h1> Bitcoin wallets are platforms that allow users to transact bitcoins. Wallets simplify the process of sending, receiving, and storing bitcoins, by removing complex operations in the front-end and allowing users to solely deal with sending and receiving bitcoins. Bitcoin wallets contain private and public keys which are required to sign transactions and broadcast them to the Bitcoin network for nodes and miners to confirm. Public key cryptography integrated into bitcoin enables users to remain in full control over their funds, by managing private keys securely. In bitcoin, there exists two main types of wallets: hot and cold wallets. Hot wallets refer to bitcoin wallets that are connected to the internet. Most web and mobile-based wallets are considered as hot wallets. Notably, Coinbase and Blockchain, two of the largest bitcoin wallet applications by user base, are hot wallets. There also exists two different types of hot wallets: custodial and non-custodial wallets. Custodial wallets manage the private keys of users, therefore remaining in control of user funds. Coinbase, the world’s largest bitcoin wallet app, is a custodial platform. Non-custodial wallets enable users to remain in full control over their private keys and funds. Blockchain is an example of a non-custodial platform. Cold wallets, also known as offline wallets, refer to bitcoin wallets that are not connected to the internet. Some major bitcoin markets like South Korea sell bitcoin in the form of USB drives, metal coins, and paper wallets, with private keys and funds stored in them. <h1>Governance</h1> By nature, Bitcoin is a decentralized, peer-to-peer, and distributed network. Developer activities to sustain the BItcoin network and improve its infrastructure are managed by an open-source development community of developers. Anyone within the open-source development community can contribute to the codebase of bitcoin. According to Bitcoin.org, more than 365 developers have contributed to the codebase of bitcoin since 2009. While anyone can contribute to the development of the Bitcoin network, developer activities are maintained and overseen by a group of developers known as the Bitcoin Core development team. Its primary aim is to sustain the codebase of bitcoin by managing tens of thousands of code additions, pull requests, and commitment to the bitcoin codebase through Github, an open-source repository. Developments such as scalability solutions, privacy improvements, and major bitcoin software upgrades are overseen by the Bitcoin Core development team. As Bitcoin Core developer Eric Lombrozo noted, “The BIP editor's responsibility is to make sure the BIP repository is properly maintained and that all the BIPs that get merged into it follow procedure and have the proper format. The BIP editor does not decide whether the soft fork will activate nor even if the code for it will get merged into Bitcoin Core.” BIP editors are also a part of the Bitcoin Core development team. <h1>Scalability</h1> Scalability is an underlying issue of public blockchains such as bitcoin and Ethereum. The bitcoin block size is capped at 1 megabytes. Consequently, each bitcoin block can handle 2,000 transactions and process approximately three transactions every second. The user base of bitcoin is expected to grow at an exponential rate based on mathematical frameworks such as the Metcalfe’s law. To confirm transactions efficiently, bitcoin is required to scale proportionally with the growth of its user base. The first ever solution implemented onto the Bitcoin network was the Bitcoin Core development team’s Segregated Witness (SegWit), a transaction malleability and scaling fix introduced by Bitcoin Core developer Pieter Wuille. A part of the community is preparing a hard fork solution known as SegWit2x in November of 2017 to further increase the bitcoin block size to 2MB. A group of 58 companies initially agreed to increase the bitcoin block size to 2MB in May. An open letter from a consortium that represents 83.28% of hashing power, 5.1 billion USD monthly on chain transaction volume, and 20.5 million bitcoin wallets read, “We agree to immediately support the following parallel upgrades to the bitcoin protocol, which will be deployed simultaneously and based on the original Segwit2Mb proposal: Activate Segregated Witness at an 80% threshold, signaling at bit 4 Activate a 2 MB hard fork within six months.” As bitcoin grows, more scalability solutions are expected to be implemented. Already, two forks of the original bitcoin blockchain (Bitcoin Gold and Bitcoin Cash) have been introduced due to conflicts around scalability and mining. In November, the launch of SegWit2x is expected to result in three forks of bitcoin by the end of 2017. <h1>Privacy</h1> Bitcoin is a transparent financial network and its transactions are publicly accessible on the bitcoin blockchain. Through blockchain explorers such as Blockchain, anyone can view transactions of bitcoin addresses and wallets through the public bitcoin blockchain. Government agencies and global law enforcement have enforced Know Your Customer (KYC) and Anti-Money Laundering (AML) policies and systems to link bitcoin addresses to real identities. Bitcoin addresses and wallets operated by custodial platforms or regulated applications can be linked to personal identities through KYC and AML systems. Several solutions are being explored to improve the privacy measures of bitcoin. Solutions such as TumbleBit and MimbleWimble, which theoretically can confine inputs and outputs in bitcoin transactions, can provide significant privacy to users. The development of privacy solutions and systems are expected to take several years. <h1>References:</h1> "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System - Bitcoin.org." https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf. Accessed 22 Oct. 2017. (n.d.). Bitcoin | Definition of Bitcoin by Merriam-Webster. Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Bitcoin (2013, March 19). Bitcoin and me (Hal Finney) - Bitcointalk. Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=155054.0 (n.d.). Bitcoin Core :: Team. Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://bitcoincore.org/en/team/ (2017, July 24). Regarding "Bitcoin Cash", ViaBTC and Bitcoin ABC - blog.bitmain.com. Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://blog.bitmain.com/en/regarding-bitcoin-cash-viabtc-bitcoin-abc/ (2017, September 5). The Fee Market Explained – Jimmy Song – Medium. Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://medium.com/@jimmysong/the-fee-market-explained-76b294947b42 "Why Do I Need a Public and Private Key on the Blockchain?." 30 Jan. 2017, https://blog.wetrust.io/why-do-i-need-a-public-and-private-key-on-the-blockchain-c2ea74a69e76. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017. "Bitcoins run hot and cold - The Economist." 1 Apr. 2014, https://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2014/04/digital-security. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017. "Development - Bitcoin.org." https://bitcoin.org/en/development. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017. "Understanding Soft Forks: A Core Developer's View on Network ...." 27 Sep. 2016, https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/understanding-soft-forks-a-core-developer-s-view-on-network-monopoly-1474990034/. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017. "Understanding Segwit Block Size – Jimmy Song – Medium." 3 Jul. 2017, https://medium.com/@jimmysong/understanding-segwit-block-size-fd901b87c9d4. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017. "bips/bip-0141.mediawiki at master · bitcoin/bips · GitHub." https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0141.mediawiki. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017. "Segwit2x: What you need to know about the 2x Hard Fork (aka 2MB ...." 26 Jun. 2017, https://medium.com/@jimmysong/segwit2x-what-you-need-to-know-about-the-2mb-hard-fork-27749e1544ce. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017. "Europol hosted 4th Conference on Virtual Currencies | Europol." 5 Jul. 2017, https://www.europol.europa.eu/newsroom/news/europol-hosted-4th-conference-virtual-currencies. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017. "TumbleBit: An Untrusted Bitcoin-Compatible Anonymous Payment Hub." http://cs-people.bu.edu/heilman/tumblebit/. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017. "Mimblewimble: How a Stripped-Down Version of Bitcoin Could ...." 12 Aug. 2016, https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/mimblewimble-how-a-stripped-down-version-of-bitcoin-could-improve-privacy-fungibility-and-scalability-all-at-once-1471038001/. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017. |
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"title": "Bitcoin",
"body": "\n\nBitcoin is a cryptocurrency and a decentralized settlement network, which was defined by its creator Satoshi Nakamoto, an unknown individual or a group, as “a peer-to-peer electronic cash system.” Bitcoin was first released as open-source software in 2009, after the release of the whitepaper of Satoshi Nakamoto. The eight-paged document listed the technical intricacies and structure of bitcoin which includes mining, transactions, time-stamp server, the proof-of-work consensus protocol, blockchain technology, decentralized network, incentive, nodes, and monetary supply.\nAs a distributed protocol, Bitcoin operates without the existence and necessity of intermediaries and network administrators. The network is sustained by a decentralized community of miners, node operators, and developers. As of October 2017, Bitcoin is regulated in most countries except Bangladesh, Bolivia, Ecuador and Kyrgyzstan. Most notably, Bitcoin is acknowledged as a legal currency and remittance system in the Philippines, Japan, South Korea, and Australia.\n\n<h1>Terminology</h1>\n\nBitcoin was defined in its whitepaper released on 31 October 2008, as a combination of the words bit and coin. Most dictionaries and newspapers including the Oxford English Dictionary and the Wall Street Journal use bitcoin in lowercase to refer to the cryptocurrency, and use Bitcoin, the capitalized term, when referring to the technology (e.g the Bitcoin protocol, the Bitcoin network, the Bitcoin software).\n\n<h1>Definition</h1>\n\nThe definition of bitcoin as a cryptocurrency also varies. Merriam Webster defines bitcoin as a “truly untraceable” form of money, while Satoshi Nakamoto’s bitcoin whitepaper described Bitcoin as a transparent settlement network, in which transactions can be traced and analyzed through the public Bitcoin blockchain.\n\n<h1>Unit</h1>\n\nEach unit of account of the Bitcoin network is referred to as bitcoin. Two tickers or monikers, BTC and XBT, are used to represent bitcoin in trading platforms, exchanges, and stock markets. The smallest unit in bitcoin is a satoshi, which originates from the name of the bitcoin creator Satoshi Nakamoto. One satoshi represents 0.00000001 bitcoin, or one hundred millionth of a bitcoin. Many bitcoin wallet platforms use a millibitcoin, better known as mBTC, which equates to 0.001 bitcoin, or one thousandth of a bitcoin.\n\n<h1>History</h1>\n\nBitcoin was first released in January 2009, as open-source software by Satoshi Nakamoto, whose identity remains anonymous, upon the mining of the genesis block. Nakamoto was rewarded with 50 bitcoins for mining the first bitcoin block. \nThe coinbase of the genesis block included an embedded text, which read: “The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks.” Prior to the release of the Bitcoin software, in August 2008, the domain bitcoin.org was registered. Two months thereafter, the Bitcoin whitepaper entitled “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System” authored by Satoshi Nakamoto was officially published on a cryptography mailing list. \nComputer programmer Hal Finney, bit gold creator Nick Szabo, and b-money founder Wei Dai, were some of the few early supporters of bitcoin. Finney contributed` to the development of bitcoin, assisting Nakamoto in developing the protocol and the decentralized settlement network. In the early phase of the development of bitcoin, Nakamoto had mined 1 million bitcoins. Shortly after releasing bitcoin as open-source software, developer Gain Andresen took over the role as the lead bitcoin developer.\n\n<h1>Bitcoin Core</h1>\n\nEventually, Andresen resigned from his role as the lead Bitcoin developer and consequently, the Bitcoin Core development team took charge of developing and sustaining the Bitcoin protocol. The Bitcoin Core development team includes Greg Maxwell, Pieter Wuille, and Eric Lombrozo. Specifically, Jonas Schnelli, Wladimir J. van der Laan, and Marco Falke were assigned to maintain the Bitcoin protocol and commitments--also referred to as pull requests-- from the open-source development community of bitcoin.\nAccording to Bitcoincore.org, project maintainers “perform a janitorial role merging patches that the team agrees should be merged. They also act as a final check to ensure that patches are safe and in line with the project goals. The maintainers’ role is by agreement of project contributors.” \n\n<h1>Bitcoin Cash</h1> \nOn 1 August 2017, ViaBTC, a Chinese mining pool operator, initiated a hard fork to create Bitcoin Cash (BCH), with the support from major mining equipment manufacturers and pools including Bitmain, Antpool, and Bitcoin.com.\n\n<h1>Blockchain</h1>\nThe Bitcoin network requires an immutable ledger to operate as a database for transactions and payments. In Bitcoin, the blockchain is a public ledger which records transactions and maintain a public database of payments. By definition, the blockchain is a chain of blocks which contain bitcoin transactions. Each block can process approximately 2,000 transactions and a new block is produced every 10 minutes through a procedure called mining. The capacity of each block can vary depending on the size of transactions.\nThe blockchain is a key component of the Bitcoin protocol and it records every transaction that is settled within the Bitcoin network. The blockchain is a technology that enables the decentralized ecosystem of nodes, which validate transactions prior to the mining procedure. Transactions verified by nodes are broadcasted to the Bitcoin blockchain as unconfirmed transactions, specifically in the Bitcoin mempool, which are then picked by miners. The blockchain network and the consensus protocol prevent the possibility of double spending, a situation in which a sender sends the identical transaction twice to two different recipients, by publishing every transaction recorded on the Bitcoin blockchain to nodes worldwide.\n\n\n<h1>Transactions</h1>\n\nEach bitcoin, or pending balance of bitcoin on wallets, represents a log of transactions and their inputs. Bitcoin cannot be attributed to a single file or physical object. Rather, each bitcoin is a direct representation of its previous transactions. \nA transaction is a combination of information that includes inputs, outputs, and amount. An input is defined as a record of the bitcoin address that is initially used to send a bitcoin transaction. An output holds the bitcoin address of the receiver of the transaction. The amount represents the amount of bitcoin a sender sends to a recipient in the Bitcoin network. \nIn concept, sending a bitcoin transaction in the Bitcoin network signifies the process of broadcasting the inputs, outputs, and amount of the transaction to the Bitcoin blockchain network, which are then verified by nodes and eventually, by miners.\nLike fiat currencies, banking systems, and credit cards, bitcoin users can send transactions to multiple recipients. Vice versa, a user can receive multiple transactions from different senders to the identical wallet. The increase in inputs and outputs cause the size of the transaction to rise, which results in a higher transaction fee.\nIn the Bitcoin network, miners are incentivized for confirming transactions and broadcasting them to the blockchain. Users are required to attach fees to transactions to have miners confirm them. Confirmation periods can vary depending on the transaction fee. If the fee is higher, miners are likely to confirm the transaction substantially faster. If the fee is lower than other transactions, miners will confirm the transaction with the lower fee last. \nThe procedure of bitcoin mining and transaction confirmation system creates the fee market, which Bitcoin developer Jimmy Song noted in his research that the existence of the fee market prevents the abuse of public resources in Bitcoin, as Song wrote, “miners naturally will choose the transactions that have the highest fees per byte as this will maximize their revenue. Miners are thus incentivized to only put transactions with the highest fees on the blockchain. This prevents the abuse of a public resource.”\n\n<h1>Mining</h1>\n\nMining is a crucial system which operates as the backbone of the Bitcoin network’s security. Through the usage of computer power, also known as hash power, miners discover new blocks that contain bitcoin transactions. Structurally, bitcoin transactions are sets of information of senders, recipients, and amounts. Blocks which contain these bitcoin transactions are mined or solved by miners using hash power, effectively verifying and confirming bitcoin transactions.\nMining bitcoin is expensive because it requires significant amounts of hash power, mining equipment, and electricity. A recent study by Dutch bank ING revealed mining one bitcoin trade requires electricity which can power a house in the Netherlands for one whole month. In return, miners receive incentives with newly produced bitcoins and transaction fees. Each block a miner mines produces a certain amount of bitcoin, which changes over time through difficulty adjustment and block reward halving. When the supply of bitcoin reaches its maximum capacity of 21 million bitcoins, miners are rewarded with transaction fees users attach onto transaction fees. \nMining is the third phase of transaction verification within the Bitcoin network. First, nodes broadcast transactions to the Bitcoin blockchain and send them to the Bitcoin mempool, wherein unconfirmed transactions are stored. Miners confirm transactions within the Bitcoin mempool, creating blocks of transactions on a chain, which is referred to as the blockchain.\nUsing the SHA-256 hashing algorithm, miners provide each block a cryptographic hash of the previous block. The chain of blocks with unique cryptographic hash eliminates the possibility of the Bitcoin network being breached by hackers. To alter information stored within blocks, the entire blockchain is required to be set apart.\nBitmain, a bitcoin mining company, officially became the first multi-billion dollar company within the bitcoin industry in 2016, as profits for mining bitcoin increased significantly.\n\n<h1>Monetary Supply</h1>\n\nBitcoin’s monetary supply is unique as it evolves from an inflationary currency to a deflationary currency. Through bitcoin mining, new bitcoins are produced at a rate that is established through block reward halving. As of 9 July 2016, miners are rewarded with 12.5 bitcoin per block that is broadcasted to the public bitcoin blockchain. \nEvery 210,000 blocks, Approximately every four years, the reward for miners and the production rate of bitcoins are halved. Structurally, the bitcoin block reward system was designed to slow down the rate of bitcoin production as it reaches closer to the 21 million capacity. Once the supply of bitcoin reaches 21 million, miners are solely incentivized with transaction fees. \nThe fixed supply of bitcoin makes the currency a deflationary currency by nature, as the supply of bitcoins can only decrease when it achieves its maximum capacity of 21 million bitcoins.\n\n\n<h1>Bitcoin Wallets</h1>\n\nBitcoin wallets are platforms that allow users to transact bitcoins. Wallets simplify the process of sending, receiving, and storing bitcoins, by removing complex operations in the front-end and allowing users to solely deal with sending and receiving bitcoins. \nBitcoin wallets contain private and public keys which are required to sign transactions and broadcast them to the Bitcoin network for nodes and miners to confirm. Public key cryptography integrated into bitcoin enables users to remain in full control over their funds, by managing private keys securely.\nIn bitcoin, there exists two main types of wallets: hot and cold wallets. Hot wallets refer to bitcoin wallets that are connected to the internet. Most web and mobile-based wallets are considered as hot wallets. Notably, Coinbase and Blockchain, two of the largest bitcoin wallet applications by user base, are hot wallets. There also exists two different types of hot wallets: custodial and non-custodial wallets. Custodial wallets manage the private keys of users, therefore remaining in control of user funds. Coinbase, the world’s largest bitcoin wallet app, is a custodial platform. Non-custodial wallets enable users to remain in full control over their private keys and funds. Blockchain is an example of a non-custodial platform. \nCold wallets, also known as offline wallets, refer to bitcoin wallets that are not connected to the internet. Some major bitcoin markets like South Korea sell bitcoin in the form of USB drives, metal coins, and paper wallets, with private keys and funds stored in them.\n\n<h1>Governance</h1>\n\nBy nature, Bitcoin is a decentralized, peer-to-peer, and distributed network. Developer activities to sustain the BItcoin network and improve its infrastructure are managed by an open-source development community of developers. Anyone within the open-source development community can contribute to the codebase of bitcoin. According to Bitcoin.org, more than 365 developers have contributed to the codebase of bitcoin since 2009.\nWhile anyone can contribute to the development of the Bitcoin network, developer activities are maintained and overseen by a group of developers known as the Bitcoin Core development team. Its primary aim is to sustain the codebase of bitcoin by managing tens of thousands of code additions, pull requests, and commitment to the bitcoin codebase through Github, an open-source repository.\nDevelopments such as scalability solutions, privacy improvements, and major bitcoin software upgrades are overseen by the Bitcoin Core development team. As Bitcoin Core developer Eric Lombrozo noted, “The BIP editor's responsibility is to make sure the BIP repository is properly maintained and that all the BIPs that get merged into it follow procedure and have the proper format. \nThe BIP editor does not decide whether the soft fork will activate nor even if the code for it will get merged into Bitcoin Core.” BIP editors are also a part of the Bitcoin Core development team.\n\n<h1>Scalability</h1>\n\nScalability is an underlying issue of public blockchains such as bitcoin and Ethereum. The bitcoin block size is capped at 1 megabytes. Consequently, each bitcoin block can handle 2,000 transactions and process approximately three transactions every second. The user base of bitcoin is expected to grow at an exponential rate based on mathematical frameworks such as the Metcalfe’s law. To confirm transactions efficiently, bitcoin is required to scale proportionally with the growth of its user base.\nThe first ever solution implemented onto the Bitcoin network was the Bitcoin Core development team’s Segregated Witness (SegWit), a transaction malleability and scaling fix introduced by Bitcoin Core developer Pieter Wuille. A part of the community is preparing a hard fork solution known as SegWit2x in November of 2017 to further increase the bitcoin block size to 2MB.\nA group of 58 companies initially agreed to increase the bitcoin block size to 2MB in May. An open letter from a consortium that represents 83.28% of hashing power, 5.1 billion USD monthly on chain transaction volume, and 20.5 million bitcoin wallets read, “We agree to immediately support the following parallel upgrades to the bitcoin protocol, which will be deployed simultaneously and based on the original Segwit2Mb proposal: Activate Segregated Witness at an 80% threshold, signaling at bit 4 Activate a 2 MB hard fork within six months.”\nAs bitcoin grows, more scalability solutions are expected to be implemented. Already, two forks of the original bitcoin blockchain (Bitcoin Gold and Bitcoin Cash) have been introduced due to conflicts around scalability and mining. In November, the launch of SegWit2x is expected to result in three forks of bitcoin by the end of 2017.\n\n<h1>Privacy</h1>\n\nBitcoin is a transparent financial network and its transactions are publicly accessible on the bitcoin blockchain. Through blockchain explorers such as Blockchain, anyone can view transactions of bitcoin addresses and wallets through the public bitcoin blockchain. \nGovernment agencies and global law enforcement have enforced Know Your Customer (KYC) and Anti-Money Laundering (AML) policies and systems to link bitcoin addresses to real identities. Bitcoin addresses and wallets operated by custodial platforms or regulated applications can be linked to personal identities through KYC and AML systems. \nSeveral solutions are being explored to improve the privacy measures of bitcoin. Solutions such as TumbleBit and MimbleWimble, which theoretically can confine inputs and outputs in bitcoin transactions, can provide significant privacy to users. The development of privacy solutions and systems are expected to take several years.\n\n<h1>References:</h1>\n\n\"Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System - Bitcoin.org.\" https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf. Accessed 22 Oct. 2017.\n(n.d.). Bitcoin | Definition of Bitcoin by Merriam-Webster. Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Bitcoin\n(2013, March 19). Bitcoin and me (Hal Finney) - Bitcointalk. Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=155054.0\n(n.d.). Bitcoin Core :: Team. Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://bitcoincore.org/en/team/\n(2017, July 24). Regarding \"Bitcoin Cash\", ViaBTC and Bitcoin ABC - blog.bitmain.com. Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://blog.bitmain.com/en/regarding-bitcoin-cash-viabtc-bitcoin-abc/\n(2017, September 5). The Fee Market Explained – Jimmy Song – Medium. Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://medium.com/@jimmysong/the-fee-market-explained-76b294947b42\n\"Why Do I Need a Public and Private Key on the Blockchain?.\" 30 Jan. 2017, https://blog.wetrust.io/why-do-i-need-a-public-and-private-key-on-the-blockchain-c2ea74a69e76. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017.\n\"Bitcoins run hot and cold - The Economist.\" 1 Apr. 2014, https://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2014/04/digital-security. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017.\n\"Development - Bitcoin.org.\" https://bitcoin.org/en/development. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017.\n\"Understanding Soft Forks: A Core Developer's View on Network ....\" 27 Sep. 2016, https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/understanding-soft-forks-a-core-developer-s-view-on-network-monopoly-1474990034/. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017.\n\"Understanding Segwit Block Size – Jimmy Song – Medium.\" 3 Jul. 2017, https://medium.com/@jimmysong/understanding-segwit-block-size-fd901b87c9d4. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017.\n\"bips/bip-0141.mediawiki at master · bitcoin/bips · GitHub.\" https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0141.mediawiki. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017.\n\"Segwit2x: What you need to know about the 2x Hard Fork (aka 2MB ....\" 26 Jun. 2017, https://medium.com/@jimmysong/segwit2x-what-you-need-to-know-about-the-2mb-hard-fork-27749e1544ce. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017.\n\"Europol hosted 4th Conference on Virtual Currencies | Europol.\" 5 Jul. 2017, https://www.europol.europa.eu/newsroom/news/europol-hosted-4th-conference-virtual-currencies. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017.\n\"TumbleBit: An Untrusted Bitcoin-Compatible Anonymous Payment Hub.\" http://cs-people.bu.edu/heilman/tumblebit/. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017.\n\"Mimblewimble: How a Stripped-Down Version of Bitcoin Could ....\" 12 Aug. 2016, https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/mimblewimble-how-a-stripped-down-version-of-bitcoin-could-improve-privacy-fungibility-and-scalability-all-at-once-1471038001/. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017.",
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| body |  Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency and a decentralized settlement network, which was defined by its creator Satoshi Nakamoto, an unknown individual or a group, as “a peer-to-peer electronic cash system.” Bitcoin was first released as open-source software in 2009, after the release of the whitepaper of Satoshi Nakamoto. The eight-paged document listed the technical intricacies and structure of bitcoin which includes mining, transactions, time-stamp server, the proof-of-work consensus protocol, blockchain technology, decentralized network, incentive, nodes, and monetary supply. As a distributed protocol, Bitcoin operates without the existence and necessity of intermediaries and network administrators. The network is sustained by a decentralized community of miners, node operators, and developers. As of October 2017, Bitcoin is regulated in most countries except Bangladesh, Bolivia, Ecuador and Kyrgyzstan. Most notably, Bitcoin is acknowledged as a legal currency and remittance system in the Philippines, Japan, South Korea, and Australia. <h1>Terminology</h1> Bitcoin was defined in its whitepaper released on 31 October 2008, as a combination of the words bit and coin. Most dictionaries and newspapers including the Oxford English Dictionary and the Wall Street Journal use bitcoin in lowercase to refer to the cryptocurrency, and use Bitcoin, the capitalized term, when referring to the technology (e.g the Bitcoin protocol, the Bitcoin network, the Bitcoin software). <h1>Definition</h1> The definition of bitcoin as a cryptocurrency also varies. Merriam Webster defines bitcoin as a “truly untraceable” form of money, while Satoshi Nakamoto’s bitcoin whitepaper described Bitcoin as a transparent settlement network, in which transactions can be traced and analyzed through the public Bitcoin blockchain. <h1>Unit</h1> Each unit of account of the Bitcoin network is referred to as bitcoin. Two tickers or monikers, BTC and XBT, are used to represent bitcoin in trading platforms, exchanges, and stock markets. The smallest unit in bitcoin is a satoshi, which originates from the name of the bitcoin creator Satoshi Nakamoto. One satoshi represents 0.00000001 bitcoin, or one hundred millionth of a bitcoin. Many bitcoin wallet platforms use a millibitcoin, better known as mBTC, which equates to 0.001 bitcoin, or one thousandth of a bitcoin. <h1>History</h1> Bitcoin was first released in January 2009, as open-source software by Satoshi Nakamoto, whose identity remains anonymous, upon the mining of the genesis block. Nakamoto was rewarded with 50 bitcoins for mining the first bitcoin block. The coinbase of the genesis block included an embedded text, which read: “The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks.” Prior to the release of the Bitcoin software, in August 2008, the domain bitcoin.org was registered. Two months thereafter, the Bitcoin whitepaper entitled “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System” authored by Satoshi Nakamoto was officially published on a cryptography mailing list. Computer programmer Hal Finney, bit gold creator Nick Szabo, and b-money founder Wei Dai, were some of the few early supporters of bitcoin. Finney contributed` to the development of bitcoin, assisting Nakamoto in developing the protocol and the decentralized settlement network. In the early phase of the development of bitcoin, Nakamoto had mined 1 million bitcoins. Shortly after releasing bitcoin as open-source software, developer Gain Andresen took over the role as the lead bitcoin developer. <h1>Bitcoin Core</h1> Eventually, Andresen resigned from his role as the lead Bitcoin developer and consequently, the Bitcoin Core development team took charge of developing and sustaining the Bitcoin protocol. The Bitcoin Core development team includes Greg Maxwell, Pieter Wuille, and Eric Lombrozo. Specifically, Jonas Schnelli, Wladimir J. van der Laan, and Marco Falke were assigned to maintain the Bitcoin protocol and commitments--also referred to as pull requests-- from the open-source development community of bitcoin. According to Bitcoincore.org, project maintainers “perform a janitorial role merging patches that the team agrees should be merged. They also act as a final check to ensure that patches are safe and in line with the project goals. The maintainers’ role is by agreement of project contributors.” <h1>Bitcoin Cash</h1> On 1 August 2017, ViaBTC, a Chinese mining pool operator, initiated a hard fork to create Bitcoin Cash (BCH), with the support from major mining equipment manufacturers and pools including Bitmain, Antpool, and Bitcoin.com. <h1>Blockchain</h1> The Bitcoin network requires an immutable ledger to operate as a database for transactions and payments. In Bitcoin, the blockchain is a public ledger which records transactions and maintain a public database of payments. By definition, the blockchain is a chain of blocks which contain bitcoin transactions. Each block can process approximately 2,000 transactions and a new block is produced every 10 minutes through a procedure called mining. The capacity of each block can vary depending on the size of transactions. The blockchain is a key component of the Bitcoin protocol and it records every transaction that is settled within the Bitcoin network. The blockchain is a technology that enables the decentralized ecosystem of nodes, which validate transactions prior to the mining procedure. Transactions verified by nodes are broadcasted to the Bitcoin blockchain as unconfirmed transactions, specifically in the Bitcoin mempool, which are then picked by miners. The blockchain network and the consensus protocol prevent the possibility of double spending, a situation in which a sender sends the identical transaction twice to two different recipients, by publishing every transaction recorded on the Bitcoin blockchain to nodes worldwide. <h1>Transactions</h1> Each bitcoin, or pending balance of bitcoin on wallets, represents a log of transactions and their inputs. Bitcoin cannot be attributed to a single file or physical object. Rather, each bitcoin is a direct representation of its previous transactions. A transaction is a combination of information that includes inputs, outputs, and amount. An input is defined as a record of the bitcoin address that is initially used to send a bitcoin transaction. An output holds the bitcoin address of the receiver of the transaction. The amount represents the amount of bitcoin a sender sends to a recipient in the Bitcoin network. In concept, sending a bitcoin transaction in the Bitcoin network signifies the process of broadcasting the inputs, outputs, and amount of the transaction to the Bitcoin blockchain network, which are then verified by nodes and eventually, by miners. Like fiat currencies, banking systems, and credit cards, bitcoin users can send transactions to multiple recipients. Vice versa, a user can receive multiple transactions from different senders to the identical wallet. The increase in inputs and outputs cause the size of the transaction to rise, which results in a higher transaction fee. In the Bitcoin network, miners are incentivized for confirming transactions and broadcasting them to the blockchain. Users are required to attach fees to transactions to have miners confirm them. Confirmation periods can vary depending on the transaction fee. If the fee is higher, miners are likely to confirm the transaction substantially faster. If the fee is lower than other transactions, miners will confirm the transaction with the lower fee last. The procedure of bitcoin mining and transaction confirmation system creates the fee market, which Bitcoin developer Jimmy Song noted in his research that the existence of the fee market prevents the abuse of public resources in Bitcoin, as Song wrote, “miners naturally will choose the transactions that have the highest fees per byte as this will maximize their revenue. Miners are thus incentivized to only put transactions with the highest fees on the blockchain. This prevents the abuse of a public resource.” <h1>Mining</h1> Mining is a crucial system which operates as the backbone of the Bitcoin network’s security. Through the usage of computer power, also known as hash power, miners discover new blocks that contain bitcoin transactions. Structurally, bitcoin transactions are sets of information of senders, recipients, and amounts. Blocks which contain these bitcoin transactions are mined or solved by miners using hash power, effectively verifying and confirming bitcoin transactions. Mining bitcoin is expensive because it requires significant amounts of hash power, mining equipment, and electricity. A recent study by Dutch bank ING revealed mining one bitcoin trade requires electricity which can power a house in the Netherlands for one whole month. In return, miners receive incentives with newly produced bitcoins and transaction fees. Each block a miner mines produces a certain amount of bitcoin, which changes over time through difficulty adjustment and block reward halving. When the supply of bitcoin reaches its maximum capacity of 21 million bitcoins, miners are rewarded with transaction fees users attach onto transaction fees. Mining is the third phase of transaction verification within the Bitcoin network. First, nodes broadcast transactions to the Bitcoin blockchain and send them to the Bitcoin mempool, wherein unconfirmed transactions are stored. Miners confirm transactions within the Bitcoin mempool, creating blocks of transactions on a chain, which is referred to as the blockchain. Using the SHA-256 hashing algorithm, miners provide each block a cryptographic hash of the previous block. The chain of blocks with unique cryptographic hash eliminates the possibility of the Bitcoin network being breached by hackers. To alter information stored within blocks, the entire blockchain is required to be set apart. Bitmain, a bitcoin mining company, officially became the first multi-billion dollar company within the bitcoin industry in 2016, as profits for mining bitcoin increased significantly. <h1>Monetary Supply</h1> Bitcoin’s monetary supply is unique as it evolves from an inflationary currency to a deflationary currency. Through bitcoin mining, new bitcoins are produced at a rate that is established through block reward halving. As of 9 July 2016, miners are rewarded with 12.5 bitcoin per block that is broadcasted to the public bitcoin blockchain. Every 210,000 blocks, Approximately every four years, the reward for miners and the production rate of bitcoins are halved. Structurally, the bitcoin block reward system was designed to slow down the rate of bitcoin production as it reaches closer to the 21 million capacity. Once the supply of bitcoin reaches 21 million, miners are solely incentivized with transaction fees. The fixed supply of bitcoin makes the currency a deflationary currency by nature, as the supply of bitcoins can only decrease when it achieves its maximum capacity of 21 million bitcoins. <h1>Bitcoin Wallets</h1> Bitcoin wallets are platforms that allow users to transact bitcoins. Wallets simplify the process of sending, receiving, and storing bitcoins, by removing complex operations in the front-end and allowing users to solely deal with sending and receiving bitcoins. Bitcoin wallets contain private and public keys which are required to sign transactions and broadcast them to the Bitcoin network for nodes and miners to confirm. Public key cryptography integrated into bitcoin enables users to remain in full control over their funds, by managing private keys securely. In bitcoin, there exists two main types of wallets: hot and cold wallets. Hot wallets refer to bitcoin wallets that are connected to the internet. Most web and mobile-based wallets are considered as hot wallets. Notably, Coinbase and Blockchain, two of the largest bitcoin wallet applications by user base, are hot wallets. There also exists two different types of hot wallets: custodial and non-custodial wallets. Custodial wallets manage the private keys of users, therefore remaining in control of user funds. Coinbase, the world’s largest bitcoin wallet app, is a custodial platform. Non-custodial wallets enable users to remain in full control over their private keys and funds. Blockchain is an example of a non-custodial platform. Cold wallets, also known as offline wallets, refer to bitcoin wallets that are not connected to the internet. Some major bitcoin markets like South Korea sell bitcoin in the form of USB drives, metal coins, and paper wallets, with private keys and funds stored in them. <h1>Governance</h1> By nature, Bitcoin is a decentralized, peer-to-peer, and distributed network. Developer activities to sustain the BItcoin network and improve its infrastructure are managed by an open-source development community of developers. Anyone within the open-source development community can contribute to the codebase of bitcoin. According to Bitcoin.org, more than 365 developers have contributed to the codebase of bitcoin since 2009. While anyone can contribute to the development of the Bitcoin network, developer activities are maintained and overseen by a group of developers known as the Bitcoin Core development team. Its primary aim is to sustain the codebase of bitcoin by managing tens of thousands of code additions, pull requests, and commitment to the bitcoin codebase through Github, an open-source repository. Developments such as scalability solutions, privacy improvements, and major bitcoin software upgrades are overseen by the Bitcoin Core development team. As Bitcoin Core developer Eric Lombrozo noted, “The BIP editor's responsibility is to make sure the BIP repository is properly maintained and that all the BIPs that get merged into it follow procedure and have the proper format. The BIP editor does not decide whether the soft fork will activate nor even if the code for it will get merged into Bitcoin Core.” BIP editors are also a part of the Bitcoin Core development team. <h1>Scalability</h1> Scalability is an underlying issue of public blockchains such as bitcoin and Ethereum. The bitcoin block size is capped at 1 megabytes. Consequently, each bitcoin block can handle 2,000 transactions and process approximately three transactions every second. The user base of bitcoin is expected to grow at an exponential rate based on mathematical frameworks such as the Metcalfe’s law. To confirm transactions efficiently, bitcoin is required to scale proportionally with the growth of its user base. The first ever solution implemented onto the Bitcoin network was the Bitcoin Core development team’s Segregated Witness (SegWit), a transaction malleability and scaling fix introduced by Bitcoin Core developer Pieter Wuille. A part of the community is preparing a hard fork solution known as SegWit2x in November of 2017 to further increase the bitcoin block size to 2MB. A group of 58 companies initially agreed to increase the bitcoin block size to 2MB in May. An open letter from a consortium that represents 83.28% of hashing power, 5.1 billion USD monthly on chain transaction volume, and 20.5 million bitcoin wallets read, “We agree to immediately support the following parallel upgrades to the bitcoin protocol, which will be deployed simultaneously and based on the original Segwit2Mb proposal: Activate Segregated Witness at an 80% threshold, signaling at bit 4 Activate a 2 MB hard fork within six months.” As bitcoin grows, more scalability solutions are expected to be implemented. Already, two forks of the original bitcoin blockchain (Bitcoin Gold and Bitcoin Cash) have been introduced due to conflicts around scalability and mining. In November, the launch of SegWit2x is expected to result in three forks of bitcoin by the end of 2017. <h1>Privacy</h1> Bitcoin is a transparent financial network and its transactions are publicly accessible on the bitcoin blockchain. Through blockchain explorers such as Blockchain, anyone can view transactions of bitcoin addresses and wallets through the public bitcoin blockchain. Government agencies and global law enforcement have enforced Know Your Customer (KYC) and Anti-Money Laundering (AML) policies and systems to link bitcoin addresses to real identities. Bitcoin addresses and wallets operated by custodial platforms or regulated applications can be linked to personal identities through KYC and AML systems. Several solutions are being explored to improve the privacy measures of bitcoin. Solutions such as TumbleBit and MimbleWimble, which theoretically can confine inputs and outputs in bitcoin transactions, can provide significant privacy to users. The development of privacy solutions and systems are expected to take several years. <h1>References:</h1> "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System - Bitcoin.org." https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf. Accessed 22 Oct. 2017. (n.d.). Bitcoin | Definition of Bitcoin by Merriam-Webster. Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Bitcoin (2013, March 19). Bitcoin and me (Hal Finney) - Bitcointalk. Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=155054.0 (n.d.). Bitcoin Core :: Team. Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://bitcoincore.org/en/team/ (2017, July 24). Regarding "Bitcoin Cash", ViaBTC and Bitcoin ABC - blog.bitmain.com. Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://blog.bitmain.com/en/regarding-bitcoin-cash-viabtc-bitcoin-abc/ (2017, September 5). The Fee Market Explained – Jimmy Song – Medium. Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://medium.com/@jimmysong/the-fee-market-explained-76b294947b42 "Why Do I Need a Public and Private Key on the Blockchain?." 30 Jan. 2017, https://blog.wetrust.io/why-do-i-need-a-public-and-private-key-on-the-blockchain-c2ea74a69e76. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017. "Bitcoins run hot and cold - The Economist." 1 Apr. 2014, https://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2014/04/digital-security. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017. "Development - Bitcoin.org." https://bitcoin.org/en/development. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017. "Understanding Soft Forks: A Core Developer's View on Network ...." 27 Sep. 2016, https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/understanding-soft-forks-a-core-developer-s-view-on-network-monopoly-1474990034/. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017. "Understanding Segwit Block Size – Jimmy Song – Medium." 3 Jul. 2017, https://medium.com/@jimmysong/understanding-segwit-block-size-fd901b87c9d4. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017. "bips/bip-0141.mediawiki at master · bitcoin/bips · GitHub." https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0141.mediawiki. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017. "Segwit2x: What you need to know about the 2x Hard Fork (aka 2MB ...." 26 Jun. 2017, https://medium.com/@jimmysong/segwit2x-what-you-need-to-know-about-the-2mb-hard-fork-27749e1544ce. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017. "Europol hosted 4th Conference on Virtual Currencies | Europol." 5 Jul. 2017, https://www.europol.europa.eu/newsroom/news/europol-hosted-4th-conference-virtual-currencies. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017. "TumbleBit: An Untrusted Bitcoin-Compatible Anonymous Payment Hub." http://cs-people.bu.edu/heilman/tumblebit/. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017. "Mimblewimble: How a Stripped-Down Version of Bitcoin Could ...." 12 Aug. 2016, https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/mimblewimble-how-a-stripped-down-version-of-bitcoin-could-improve-privacy-fungibility-and-scalability-all-at-once-1471038001/. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017. |
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"author": "bakiib",
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"title": "Bitcoin",
"body": "\n\nBitcoin is a cryptocurrency and a decentralized settlement network, which was defined by its creator Satoshi Nakamoto, an unknown individual or a group, as “a peer-to-peer electronic cash system.” Bitcoin was first released as open-source software in 2009, after the release of the whitepaper of Satoshi Nakamoto. The eight-paged document listed the technical intricacies and structure of bitcoin which includes mining, transactions, time-stamp server, the proof-of-work consensus protocol, blockchain technology, decentralized network, incentive, nodes, and monetary supply.\nAs a distributed protocol, Bitcoin operates without the existence and necessity of intermediaries and network administrators. The network is sustained by a decentralized community of miners, node operators, and developers. As of October 2017, Bitcoin is regulated in most countries except Bangladesh, Bolivia, Ecuador and Kyrgyzstan. Most notably, Bitcoin is acknowledged as a legal currency and remittance system in the Philippines, Japan, South Korea, and Australia.\n\n<h1>Terminology</h1>\n\nBitcoin was defined in its whitepaper released on 31 October 2008, as a combination of the words bit and coin. Most dictionaries and newspapers including the Oxford English Dictionary and the Wall Street Journal use bitcoin in lowercase to refer to the cryptocurrency, and use Bitcoin, the capitalized term, when referring to the technology (e.g the Bitcoin protocol, the Bitcoin network, the Bitcoin software).\n\n<h1>Definition</h1>\n\nThe definition of bitcoin as a cryptocurrency also varies. Merriam Webster defines bitcoin as a “truly untraceable” form of money, while Satoshi Nakamoto’s bitcoin whitepaper described Bitcoin as a transparent settlement network, in which transactions can be traced and analyzed through the public Bitcoin blockchain.\n\n<h1>Unit</h1>\n\nEach unit of account of the Bitcoin network is referred to as bitcoin. Two tickers or monikers, BTC and XBT, are used to represent bitcoin in trading platforms, exchanges, and stock markets. The smallest unit in bitcoin is a satoshi, which originates from the name of the bitcoin creator Satoshi Nakamoto. One satoshi represents 0.00000001 bitcoin, or one hundred millionth of a bitcoin. Many bitcoin wallet platforms use a millibitcoin, better known as mBTC, which equates to 0.001 bitcoin, or one thousandth of a bitcoin.\n\n<h1>History</h1>\n\nBitcoin was first released in January 2009, as open-source software by Satoshi Nakamoto, whose identity remains anonymous, upon the mining of the genesis block. Nakamoto was rewarded with 50 bitcoins for mining the first bitcoin block. \nThe coinbase of the genesis block included an embedded text, which read: “The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks.” Prior to the release of the Bitcoin software, in August 2008, the domain bitcoin.org was registered. Two months thereafter, the Bitcoin whitepaper entitled “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System” authored by Satoshi Nakamoto was officially published on a cryptography mailing list. \nComputer programmer Hal Finney, bit gold creator Nick Szabo, and b-money founder Wei Dai, were some of the few early supporters of bitcoin. Finney contributed` to the development of bitcoin, assisting Nakamoto in developing the protocol and the decentralized settlement network. In the early phase of the development of bitcoin, Nakamoto had mined 1 million bitcoins. Shortly after releasing bitcoin as open-source software, developer Gain Andresen took over the role as the lead bitcoin developer.\n\n<h1>Bitcoin Core</h1>\n\nEventually, Andresen resigned from his role as the lead Bitcoin developer and consequently, the Bitcoin Core development team took charge of developing and sustaining the Bitcoin protocol. The Bitcoin Core development team includes Greg Maxwell, Pieter Wuille, and Eric Lombrozo. Specifically, Jonas Schnelli, Wladimir J. van der Laan, and Marco Falke were assigned to maintain the Bitcoin protocol and commitments--also referred to as pull requests-- from the open-source development community of bitcoin.\nAccording to Bitcoincore.org, project maintainers “perform a janitorial role merging patches that the team agrees should be merged. They also act as a final check to ensure that patches are safe and in line with the project goals. The maintainers’ role is by agreement of project contributors.” \n\n<h1>Bitcoin Cash</h1> \nOn 1 August 2017, ViaBTC, a Chinese mining pool operator, initiated a hard fork to create Bitcoin Cash (BCH), with the support from major mining equipment manufacturers and pools including Bitmain, Antpool, and Bitcoin.com.\n\n<h1>Blockchain</h1>\nThe Bitcoin network requires an immutable ledger to operate as a database for transactions and payments. In Bitcoin, the blockchain is a public ledger which records transactions and maintain a public database of payments. By definition, the blockchain is a chain of blocks which contain bitcoin transactions. Each block can process approximately 2,000 transactions and a new block is produced every 10 minutes through a procedure called mining. The capacity of each block can vary depending on the size of transactions.\nThe blockchain is a key component of the Bitcoin protocol and it records every transaction that is settled within the Bitcoin network. The blockchain is a technology that enables the decentralized ecosystem of nodes, which validate transactions prior to the mining procedure. Transactions verified by nodes are broadcasted to the Bitcoin blockchain as unconfirmed transactions, specifically in the Bitcoin mempool, which are then picked by miners. The blockchain network and the consensus protocol prevent the possibility of double spending, a situation in which a sender sends the identical transaction twice to two different recipients, by publishing every transaction recorded on the Bitcoin blockchain to nodes worldwide.\n\n\n<h1>Transactions</h1>\n\nEach bitcoin, or pending balance of bitcoin on wallets, represents a log of transactions and their inputs. Bitcoin cannot be attributed to a single file or physical object. Rather, each bitcoin is a direct representation of its previous transactions. \nA transaction is a combination of information that includes inputs, outputs, and amount. An input is defined as a record of the bitcoin address that is initially used to send a bitcoin transaction. An output holds the bitcoin address of the receiver of the transaction. The amount represents the amount of bitcoin a sender sends to a recipient in the Bitcoin network. \nIn concept, sending a bitcoin transaction in the Bitcoin network signifies the process of broadcasting the inputs, outputs, and amount of the transaction to the Bitcoin blockchain network, which are then verified by nodes and eventually, by miners.\nLike fiat currencies, banking systems, and credit cards, bitcoin users can send transactions to multiple recipients. Vice versa, a user can receive multiple transactions from different senders to the identical wallet. The increase in inputs and outputs cause the size of the transaction to rise, which results in a higher transaction fee.\nIn the Bitcoin network, miners are incentivized for confirming transactions and broadcasting them to the blockchain. Users are required to attach fees to transactions to have miners confirm them. Confirmation periods can vary depending on the transaction fee. If the fee is higher, miners are likely to confirm the transaction substantially faster. If the fee is lower than other transactions, miners will confirm the transaction with the lower fee last. \nThe procedure of bitcoin mining and transaction confirmation system creates the fee market, which Bitcoin developer Jimmy Song noted in his research that the existence of the fee market prevents the abuse of public resources in Bitcoin, as Song wrote, “miners naturally will choose the transactions that have the highest fees per byte as this will maximize their revenue. Miners are thus incentivized to only put transactions with the highest fees on the blockchain. This prevents the abuse of a public resource.”\n\n<h1>Mining</h1>\n\nMining is a crucial system which operates as the backbone of the Bitcoin network’s security. Through the usage of computer power, also known as hash power, miners discover new blocks that contain bitcoin transactions. Structurally, bitcoin transactions are sets of information of senders, recipients, and amounts. Blocks which contain these bitcoin transactions are mined or solved by miners using hash power, effectively verifying and confirming bitcoin transactions.\nMining bitcoin is expensive because it requires significant amounts of hash power, mining equipment, and electricity. A recent study by Dutch bank ING revealed mining one bitcoin trade requires electricity which can power a house in the Netherlands for one whole month. In return, miners receive incentives with newly produced bitcoins and transaction fees. Each block a miner mines produces a certain amount of bitcoin, which changes over time through difficulty adjustment and block reward halving. When the supply of bitcoin reaches its maximum capacity of 21 million bitcoins, miners are rewarded with transaction fees users attach onto transaction fees. \nMining is the third phase of transaction verification within the Bitcoin network. First, nodes broadcast transactions to the Bitcoin blockchain and send them to the Bitcoin mempool, wherein unconfirmed transactions are stored. Miners confirm transactions within the Bitcoin mempool, creating blocks of transactions on a chain, which is referred to as the blockchain.\nUsing the SHA-256 hashing algorithm, miners provide each block a cryptographic hash of the previous block. The chain of blocks with unique cryptographic hash eliminates the possibility of the Bitcoin network being breached by hackers. To alter information stored within blocks, the entire blockchain is required to be set apart.\nBitmain, a bitcoin mining company, officially became the first multi-billion dollar company within the bitcoin industry in 2016, as profits for mining bitcoin increased significantly.\n\n<h1>Monetary Supply</h1>\n\nBitcoin’s monetary supply is unique as it evolves from an inflationary currency to a deflationary currency. Through bitcoin mining, new bitcoins are produced at a rate that is established through block reward halving. As of 9 July 2016, miners are rewarded with 12.5 bitcoin per block that is broadcasted to the public bitcoin blockchain. \nEvery 210,000 blocks, Approximately every four years, the reward for miners and the production rate of bitcoins are halved. Structurally, the bitcoin block reward system was designed to slow down the rate of bitcoin production as it reaches closer to the 21 million capacity. Once the supply of bitcoin reaches 21 million, miners are solely incentivized with transaction fees. \nThe fixed supply of bitcoin makes the currency a deflationary currency by nature, as the supply of bitcoins can only decrease when it achieves its maximum capacity of 21 million bitcoins.\n\n\n<h1>Bitcoin Wallets</h1>\n\nBitcoin wallets are platforms that allow users to transact bitcoins. Wallets simplify the process of sending, receiving, and storing bitcoins, by removing complex operations in the front-end and allowing users to solely deal with sending and receiving bitcoins. \nBitcoin wallets contain private and public keys which are required to sign transactions and broadcast them to the Bitcoin network for nodes and miners to confirm. Public key cryptography integrated into bitcoin enables users to remain in full control over their funds, by managing private keys securely.\nIn bitcoin, there exists two main types of wallets: hot and cold wallets. Hot wallets refer to bitcoin wallets that are connected to the internet. Most web and mobile-based wallets are considered as hot wallets. Notably, Coinbase and Blockchain, two of the largest bitcoin wallet applications by user base, are hot wallets. There also exists two different types of hot wallets: custodial and non-custodial wallets. Custodial wallets manage the private keys of users, therefore remaining in control of user funds. Coinbase, the world’s largest bitcoin wallet app, is a custodial platform. Non-custodial wallets enable users to remain in full control over their private keys and funds. Blockchain is an example of a non-custodial platform. \nCold wallets, also known as offline wallets, refer to bitcoin wallets that are not connected to the internet. Some major bitcoin markets like South Korea sell bitcoin in the form of USB drives, metal coins, and paper wallets, with private keys and funds stored in them.\n\n<h1>Governance</h1>\n\nBy nature, Bitcoin is a decentralized, peer-to-peer, and distributed network. Developer activities to sustain the BItcoin network and improve its infrastructure are managed by an open-source development community of developers. Anyone within the open-source development community can contribute to the codebase of bitcoin. According to Bitcoin.org, more than 365 developers have contributed to the codebase of bitcoin since 2009.\nWhile anyone can contribute to the development of the Bitcoin network, developer activities are maintained and overseen by a group of developers known as the Bitcoin Core development team. Its primary aim is to sustain the codebase of bitcoin by managing tens of thousands of code additions, pull requests, and commitment to the bitcoin codebase through Github, an open-source repository.\nDevelopments such as scalability solutions, privacy improvements, and major bitcoin software upgrades are overseen by the Bitcoin Core development team. As Bitcoin Core developer Eric Lombrozo noted, “The BIP editor's responsibility is to make sure the BIP repository is properly maintained and that all the BIPs that get merged into it follow procedure and have the proper format. \nThe BIP editor does not decide whether the soft fork will activate nor even if the code for it will get merged into Bitcoin Core.” BIP editors are also a part of the Bitcoin Core development team.\n\n<h1>Scalability</h1>\n\nScalability is an underlying issue of public blockchains such as bitcoin and Ethereum. The bitcoin block size is capped at 1 megabytes. Consequently, each bitcoin block can handle 2,000 transactions and process approximately three transactions every second. The user base of bitcoin is expected to grow at an exponential rate based on mathematical frameworks such as the Metcalfe’s law. To confirm transactions efficiently, bitcoin is required to scale proportionally with the growth of its user base.\nThe first ever solution implemented onto the Bitcoin network was the Bitcoin Core development team’s Segregated Witness (SegWit), a transaction malleability and scaling fix introduced by Bitcoin Core developer Pieter Wuille. A part of the community is preparing a hard fork solution known as SegWit2x in November of 2017 to further increase the bitcoin block size to 2MB.\nA group of 58 companies initially agreed to increase the bitcoin block size to 2MB in May. An open letter from a consortium that represents 83.28% of hashing power, 5.1 billion USD monthly on chain transaction volume, and 20.5 million bitcoin wallets read, “We agree to immediately support the following parallel upgrades to the bitcoin protocol, which will be deployed simultaneously and based on the original Segwit2Mb proposal: Activate Segregated Witness at an 80% threshold, signaling at bit 4 Activate a 2 MB hard fork within six months.”\nAs bitcoin grows, more scalability solutions are expected to be implemented. Already, two forks of the original bitcoin blockchain (Bitcoin Gold and Bitcoin Cash) have been introduced due to conflicts around scalability and mining. In November, the launch of SegWit2x is expected to result in three forks of bitcoin by the end of 2017.\n\n<h1>Privacy</h1>\n\nBitcoin is a transparent financial network and its transactions are publicly accessible on the bitcoin blockchain. Through blockchain explorers such as Blockchain, anyone can view transactions of bitcoin addresses and wallets through the public bitcoin blockchain. \nGovernment agencies and global law enforcement have enforced Know Your Customer (KYC) and Anti-Money Laundering (AML) policies and systems to link bitcoin addresses to real identities. Bitcoin addresses and wallets operated by custodial platforms or regulated applications can be linked to personal identities through KYC and AML systems. \nSeveral solutions are being explored to improve the privacy measures of bitcoin. Solutions such as TumbleBit and MimbleWimble, which theoretically can confine inputs and outputs in bitcoin transactions, can provide significant privacy to users. The development of privacy solutions and systems are expected to take several years.\n\n<h1>References:</h1>\n\n\"Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System - Bitcoin.org.\" https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf. Accessed 22 Oct. 2017.\n(n.d.). Bitcoin | Definition of Bitcoin by Merriam-Webster. Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Bitcoin\n(2013, March 19). Bitcoin and me (Hal Finney) - Bitcointalk. Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=155054.0\n(n.d.). Bitcoin Core :: Team. Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://bitcoincore.org/en/team/\n(2017, July 24). Regarding \"Bitcoin Cash\", ViaBTC and Bitcoin ABC - blog.bitmain.com. Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://blog.bitmain.com/en/regarding-bitcoin-cash-viabtc-bitcoin-abc/\n(2017, September 5). The Fee Market Explained – Jimmy Song – Medium. Retrieved October 22, 2017, from https://medium.com/@jimmysong/the-fee-market-explained-76b294947b42\n\"Why Do I Need a Public and Private Key on the Blockchain?.\" 30 Jan. 2017, https://blog.wetrust.io/why-do-i-need-a-public-and-private-key-on-the-blockchain-c2ea74a69e76. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017.\n\"Bitcoins run hot and cold - The Economist.\" 1 Apr. 2014, https://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2014/04/digital-security. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017.\n\"Development - Bitcoin.org.\" https://bitcoin.org/en/development. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017.\n\"Understanding Soft Forks: A Core Developer's View on Network ....\" 27 Sep. 2016, https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/understanding-soft-forks-a-core-developer-s-view-on-network-monopoly-1474990034/. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017.\n\"Understanding Segwit Block Size – Jimmy Song – Medium.\" 3 Jul. 2017, https://medium.com/@jimmysong/understanding-segwit-block-size-fd901b87c9d4. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017.\n\"bips/bip-0141.mediawiki at master · bitcoin/bips · GitHub.\" https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0141.mediawiki. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017.\n\"Segwit2x: What you need to know about the 2x Hard Fork (aka 2MB ....\" 26 Jun. 2017, https://medium.com/@jimmysong/segwit2x-what-you-need-to-know-about-the-2mb-hard-fork-27749e1544ce. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017.\n\"Europol hosted 4th Conference on Virtual Currencies | Europol.\" 5 Jul. 2017, https://www.europol.europa.eu/newsroom/news/europol-hosted-4th-conference-virtual-currencies. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017.\n\"TumbleBit: An Untrusted Bitcoin-Compatible Anonymous Payment Hub.\" http://cs-people.bu.edu/heilman/tumblebit/. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017.\n\"Mimblewimble: How a Stripped-Down Version of Bitcoin Could ....\" 12 Aug. 2016, https://bitcoinmagazine.com/articles/mimblewimble-how-a-stripped-down-version-of-bitcoin-could-improve-privacy-fungibility-and-scalability-all-at-once-1471038001/. Accessed 27 Oct. 2017.",
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2018/02/04 11:38:24
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| body | Congratulations @bakiib! You have completed some achievement on Steemit and have been rewarded with new badge(s) : [](http://steemitboard.com/@bakiib) Award for the number of posts published [](http://steemitboard.com/@bakiib) Award for the number of upvotes [](http://steemitboard.com/@bakiib) Award for the number of upvotes received [](http://steemitboard.com/@bakiib) You published 4 posts in one day Click on any badge to view your own Board of Honor on SteemitBoard. For more information about SteemitBoard, click [here](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard) If you no longer want to receive notifications, reply to this comment with the word `STOP` > By upvoting this notification, you can help all Steemit users. Learn how [here](https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/http-i-cubeupload-com-7ciqeo-png)! |
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}prosvirenupvoted (100.00%) @bakiib / rippex-discloses-a-schedule-to-close-its-ripple-gateway-services2018/02/04 04:15:21
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}anastasiakulaupvoted (100.00%) @bakiib / rippex-discloses-a-schedule-to-close-its-ripple-gateway-services2018/02/04 04:15:18
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}yavasyaupvoted (100.00%) @bakiib / top-5-icos-for-feb-20182018/02/04 03:14:57
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}bakiibupvoted (100.00%) @bakiib / 10-principles-of-billionaires-that-should-be-adopted-to-succeed2018/02/03 19:37:24
bakiibupvoted (100.00%) @bakiib / 10-principles-of-billionaires-that-should-be-adopted-to-succeed
2018/02/03 19:37:24
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}bakiibpublished a new post: 10-principles-of-billionaires-that-should-be-adopted-to-succeed2018/02/03 19:37:24
bakiibpublished a new post: 10-principles-of-billionaires-that-should-be-adopted-to-succeed
2018/02/03 19:37:24
| parent author | |
| parent permlink | news |
| author | bakiib |
| permlink | 10-principles-of-billionaires-that-should-be-adopted-to-succeed |
| title | 10 Principles of Billionaires That Should Be Adopted to Succeed |
| body | Oprah Winfrey said once, “I managed to achieve such financial success because money has never been my main goal.” And that’s what most billionaires say too. Today, the primary concern of the wealthiest people is not necessarily earning money. For example, Mark Zuckerberg wants to change the world and Elon Musk wants to build a megapolis on Mars. The players in the modern business arena are not simply successful fraudsters or children of fortune. Today, people who reach success are admired. They are educated, modest, and their status is proved not by the demonstration of luxury goods, but by the size of charitable contributions. We suggest you adopt some of the principles of rich people to change your life for the better. <h1><center>10. Find your goal and formulate it correctly.</center></h1>  Order differs from chaos with the fact that moving elements have a goal to which they aspire. It is the goal, thoughts, and dreams about them that help us keep our spirit alive and make the right decisions when everything else seems to go wrong. Steve Jobs did not want to release a phone. His goal was a phone that could function as a computer but was easy to use. Your goal should be specific. For example, you like to bake cakes and you would like to do it more often, and it would be nice to do it for money. “I want to bake cakes for money,” is an incorrect way to formulate your goal. The right goal will be, “To open a bakery where my cakes will be sold.” If you dream of a world tour, it will be wrong to set a goal, “I want to travel the world.” The right formulation would be, “I want to earn $20,000 for my travels.” <h1><center>9. Make a plan and follow it.</center></h1>  How are you going to travel around the world? What kind of transportation are you going to use? What will be your route? When are you going to start? Elon Musk wants to colonize Mars. Having drawn up the plan, he came to the conclusion that the main obstacle was the high cost of flying to the Red Planet. Now Elon is busy developing more economical space transport. The habit of planning short-term and long-term goals helps identify weaknesses and major tasks that need to be focused on. Perhaps, after drawing up the plan, you will understand that your goal is not to earn $20,000 for a trip on a liner but to find like-minded people for hitchhiking around the world. <h1><center>8. Don’t hold yourself back.</center></h1>  Probably you’ve heard about such a thing as emotional intelligence. The ability not to suppress but to manage your emotions. In other words, the ability to display emotion where it is appropriate helps achieve success. In addition, suppressed emotions worsen physical well-being. Therefore, do not be shy to show your true feelings and emotions, at least for visiting doctors less often. <h1><center>7. Love what you do.</center></h1>  If you are not obsessed with your own business or the goal you are aiming at, the path to success will be long and most likely endless. Here is the favorite story of Mark Zuckerberg: “In 1962, John Kennedy visited the NASA Space Center. In one of the offices, he noticed a cleaner who was so engrossed in sweeping the floor that he did not even notice him. ‘Hi, I am John Kennedy. What are you doing here?’ Kennedy addressed him. The janitor answered, ‘I am working so that humanity could go to the Moon, Mr. President.’ ” Passion cannot be raised intentionally and if you’re not in love with your job, it’s difficult to change your attitude it. If you cannot quit, then at least you can find a case which you will believe in just like the cleaner from the space center, and it will lead you to success. Meanwhile, you can consider your current position as a tool to achieve your goal. <h1><center>6. Spend money consciously.</center></h1>  If you need to buy another dress, go ahead. But before you do it, consider how much closer this dress will bring you to your goal. “Spending a dollar wisely is more difficult than earning it.” — Steve Jobs Weren’t you going to travel around the world? Maybe it’s better to buy sneakers in which it will be more comfortable to hitchhike? Or to attend a foreign language course without which it will be difficult to organize a budget trip? If you are really obsessed with your goal, then the refusal of a dress or any other impulsive purchase will be an easy task for you. <h1><center>5. Use your time wisely.</center></h1>  Time is a valuable resource, and one should also approach it in a conscious way just like spending money. We are not talking about being busy every minute; it’s vice versa — using time wisely means always finding an opportunity for recreation and not getting distracted easily. “I want to cleanse my life from things that don’t have any sense. It seems to me that I cannot do my job if I spend some part of my energy on stupid and frivolous things (like choosing clothes) in my life.” — Mark Zuckerberg We all have more significant chronophagous (time consumers) than choosing clothes. For example, the inability to say “no.” Say no to gossip, social media, the wish to do several tasks simultaneously and then stop halfway. All these things consume your time that would be better invested in yourself, just like other resources. <h1><center>4. Set priorities.</center></h1>  It is impossible to be successful in everything. If you plan to sell gingerbread cookies in a pastry shop but do not know how to bake them, you do not need to learn a new skill. Perhaps, it will be more effective to find an expert in gingerbread baking and begin working together. Elon Musk believes in solar systems but understands that he doesn’t have enough strength for everything. That’s why he dedicated himself to Tesla and SpaceX, while the SolarCity project is managed by other specialists. On Mondays and Thursdays, Musk goes to the office of SpaceX, and on Tuesdays and Wednesdays, he visits the Tesla office. The habit of prioritizing is useful not only in work but also in other aspects of life. If you have a lot of things to do, do not try to do everything at once — focus on one thing. If you decided to spend an evening with your family, do not get distracted by work and friends. The desire to succeed in everything will not only lead to failure but will also consume your energy. <h1><center>3. Don’t complicate your life.</center></h1>  Progress has simplified many things. Shopping and booking on the internet, automated home appliances, modern means of communication — all this saves our time and efforts considerably. However, often the difficulties in life are provoked not by external circumstances but by ourselves. “The desire to complicate things is your enemy. Everyone can create something complex. It’s hard to do something simple.” — Richard Branson Somebody complicates their lives through the sense of guilt, others through unpleasant people with whom they have to communicate, the last ones through the desire to please everyone. At the base of many “complicators,” there is the main word “must!” Problems arise not only when we are sure that we owe something to others but also when we think that others — and the world in general — owe us something. A person must breathe, drink water, and eat in order not to die if he wants to live. That’s it. There should be no “must” in any other situation. <h1><center>2. Say “no” to stereotypes and to the priorities of other people.</center></h1>  A woman’s place is in the kitchen, real men don’t cry, we need children to have someone taking care of us when we are old, and all of the other stereotypes not only distort our perception of reality, but they also prevent us from having a good life, achieving our goals, and being happy. “Your time is limited. That’s why you shouldn’t lose it by living other people’s lives. Do not fall into the trap of dogma. Do not let the noise of other people’s opinions beat your inner voice.” — Steve Jobs It was the desire to be different from others that helped many billionaires become what they are today. When guided by someone else’s opinion and stereotypes, it might be difficult to step beyond the boundaries to reach success. <h1><center>1. Live not only for yourself.</center></h1>  For modern billionaires, philanthropy is a spiritual priority. Many of them spend money to support the needy, to develop art, education, and medicine. Bill Gates and Warren Buffett started their “The Giving Pledge” campaign, the idea of which is donating 50% of their income to charity. There are more than 150 participants in this campaign including Mark Zuckerberg, George Lucas, Victor Pinchuk, and Vladimir Potanin. “Millenials are one of the generations that sent the most money to charity throughout history. But it’s not only about the money; you can donate your time as well.” — Mark Zuckerberg Giving someone your time, attention, and energy means investing in them. By helping others, a person feels needed and gains peace in his heart that no dress is able to give. It is important to correctly prioritize. Children in orphanages or animals in shelters need your time more than a neighbor who complains about her lazy husband. Of course, the principles described above won’t make you rich at once. But success doesn’t always mean money. Because happiness means having the opportunity to do what you like and make decisions that sound correct to you. Do you agree? We would be glad to hear your opinion in the comments. |
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"title": "10 Principles of Billionaires That Should Be Adopted to Succeed",
"body": "Oprah Winfrey said once, “I managed to achieve such financial success because money has never been my main goal.” And that’s what most billionaires say too. Today, the primary concern of the wealthiest people is not necessarily earning money. For example, Mark Zuckerberg wants to change the world and Elon Musk wants to build a megapolis on Mars.\n\nThe players in the modern business arena are not simply successful fraudsters or children of fortune. Today, people who reach success are admired. They are educated, modest, and their status is proved not by the demonstration of luxury goods, but by the size of charitable contributions.\n\nWe suggest you adopt some of the principles of rich people to change your life for the better.\n\n<h1><center>10. Find your goal and formulate it correctly.</center></h1>\n\nOrder differs from chaos with the fact that moving elements have a goal to which they aspire. It is the goal, thoughts, and dreams about them that help us keep our spirit alive and make the right decisions when everything else seems to go wrong.\n\nSteve Jobs did not want to release a phone. His goal was a phone that could function as a computer but was easy to use.\nYour goal should be specific. For example, you like to bake cakes and you would like to do it more often, and it would be nice to do it for money. “I want to bake cakes for money,” is an incorrect way to formulate your goal. The right goal will be, “To open a bakery where my cakes will be sold.” If you dream of a world tour, it will be wrong to set a goal, “I want to travel the world.” The right formulation would be, “I want to earn $20,000 for my travels.”\n\n<h1><center>9. Make a plan and follow it.</center></h1>\n\nHow are you going to travel around the world? What kind of transportation are you going to use? What will be your route? When are you going to start?\n\nElon Musk wants to colonize Mars. Having drawn up the plan, he came to the conclusion that the main obstacle was the high cost of flying to the Red Planet. Now Elon is busy developing more economical space transport.\n\nThe habit of planning short-term and long-term goals helps identify weaknesses and major tasks that need to be focused on. Perhaps, after drawing up the plan, you will understand that your goal is not to earn $20,000 for a trip on a liner but to find like-minded people for hitchhiking around the world.\n\n<h1><center>8. Don’t hold yourself back.</center></h1>\n\nProbably you’ve heard about such a thing as emotional intelligence. The ability not to suppress but to manage your emotions. In other words, the ability to display emotion where it is appropriate helps achieve success. In addition, suppressed emotions worsen physical well-being. Therefore, do not be shy to show your true feelings and emotions, at least for visiting doctors less often.\n\n<h1><center>7. Love what you do.</center></h1>\n\nIf you are not obsessed with your own business or the goal you are aiming at, the path to success will be long and most likely endless.\n\nHere is the favorite story of Mark Zuckerberg: “In 1962, John Kennedy visited the NASA Space Center. In one of the offices, he noticed a cleaner who was so engrossed in sweeping the floor that he did not even notice him. ‘Hi, I am John Kennedy. What are you doing here?’ Kennedy addressed him. The janitor answered, ‘I am working so that humanity could go to the Moon, Mr. President.’ ”\nPassion cannot be raised intentionally and if you’re not in love with your job, it’s difficult to change your attitude it. If you cannot quit, then at least you can find a case which you will believe in just like the cleaner from the space center, and it will lead you to success. Meanwhile, you can consider your current position as a tool to achieve your goal.\n\n<h1><center>6. Spend money consciously.</center></h1>\n\nIf you need to buy another dress, go ahead. But before you do it, consider how much closer this dress will bring you to your goal.\n\n“Spending a dollar wisely is more difficult than earning it.” — Steve Jobs\nWeren’t you going to travel around the world? Maybe it’s better to buy sneakers in which it will be more comfortable to hitchhike? Or to attend a foreign language course without which it will be difficult to organize a budget trip? If you are really obsessed with your goal, then the refusal of a dress or any other impulsive purchase will be an easy task for you.\n\n<h1><center>5. Use your time wisely.</center></h1>\n\nTime is a valuable resource, and one should also approach it in a conscious way just like spending money. We are not talking about being busy every minute; it’s vice versa — using time wisely means always finding an opportunity for recreation and not getting distracted easily.\n\n“I want to cleanse my life from things that don’t have any sense. It seems to me that I cannot do my job if I spend some part of my energy on stupid and frivolous things (like choosing clothes) in my life.” — Mark Zuckerberg\nWe all have more significant chronophagous (time consumers) than choosing clothes. For example, the inability to say “no.” Say no to gossip, social media, the wish to do several tasks simultaneously and then stop halfway. All these things consume your time that would be better invested in yourself, just like other resources.\n\n<h1><center>4. Set priorities.</center></h1>\n\nIt is impossible to be successful in everything. If you plan to sell gingerbread cookies in a pastry shop but do not know how to bake them, you do not need to learn a new skill. Perhaps, it will be more effective to find an expert in gingerbread baking and begin working together.\n\nElon Musk believes in solar systems but understands that he doesn’t have enough strength for everything. That’s why he dedicated himself to Tesla and SpaceX, while the SolarCity project is managed by other specialists. On Mondays and Thursdays, Musk goes to the office of SpaceX, and on Tuesdays and Wednesdays, he visits the Tesla office.\nThe habit of prioritizing is useful not only in work but also in other aspects of life. If you have a lot of things to do, do not try to do everything at once — focus on one thing. If you decided to spend an evening with your family, do not get distracted by work and friends. The desire to succeed in everything will not only lead to failure but will also consume your energy.\n\n\n<h1><center>3. Don’t complicate your life.</center></h1>\n\nProgress has simplified many things. Shopping and booking on the internet, automated home appliances, modern means of communication — all this saves our time and efforts considerably. However, often the difficulties in life are provoked not by external circumstances but by ourselves.\n\n“The desire to complicate things is your enemy. Everyone can create something complex. It’s hard to do something simple.” — Richard Branson\nSomebody complicates their lives through the sense of guilt, others through unpleasant people with whom they have to communicate, the last ones through the desire to please everyone. At the base of many “complicators,” there is the main word “must!” Problems arise not only when we are sure that we owe something to others but also when we think that others — and the world in general — owe us something. A person must breathe, drink water, and eat in order not to die if he wants to live. That’s it. There should be no “must” in any other situation.\n\n<h1><center>2. Say “no” to stereotypes and to the priorities of other people.</center></h1>\n\nA woman’s place is in the kitchen, real men don’t cry, we need children to have someone taking care of us when we are old, and all of the other stereotypes not only distort our perception of reality, but they also prevent us from having a good life, achieving our goals, and being happy.\n\n“Your time is limited. That’s why you shouldn’t lose it by living other people’s lives. Do not fall into the trap of dogma. Do not let the noise of other people’s opinions beat your inner voice.” — Steve Jobs\nIt was the desire to be different from others that helped many billionaires become what they are today. When guided by someone else’s opinion and stereotypes, it might be difficult to step beyond the boundaries to reach success.\n\n<h1><center>1. Live not only for yourself.</center></h1>\n\nFor modern billionaires, philanthropy is a spiritual priority. Many of them spend money to support the needy, to develop art, education, and medicine. Bill Gates and Warren Buffett started their “The Giving Pledge” campaign, the idea of which is donating 50% of their income to charity. There are more than 150 participants in this campaign including Mark Zuckerberg, George Lucas, Victor Pinchuk, and Vladimir Potanin.\n\n“Millenials are one of the generations that sent the most money to charity throughout history. But it’s not only about the money; you can donate your time as well.” — Mark Zuckerberg\nGiving someone your time, attention, and energy means investing in them. By helping others, a person feels needed and gains peace in his heart that no dress is able to give. It is important to correctly prioritize. Children in orphanages or animals in shelters need your time more than a neighbor who complains about her lazy husband.\n\nOf course, the principles described above won’t make you rich at once. But success doesn’t always mean money. Because happiness means having the opportunity to do what you like and make decisions that sound correct to you. Do you agree? We would be glad to hear your opinion in the comments.",
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}bakiibupvoted (100.00%) @bakiib / how-to-survive-an-active-shooter-or-terrorist-attack2018/02/03 19:16:21
bakiibupvoted (100.00%) @bakiib / how-to-survive-an-active-shooter-or-terrorist-attack
2018/02/03 19:16:21
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}bakiibpublished a new post: how-to-survive-an-active-shooter-or-terrorist-attack2018/02/03 19:16:21
bakiibpublished a new post: how-to-survive-an-active-shooter-or-terrorist-attack
2018/02/03 19:16:21
| parent author | |
| parent permlink | news |
| author | bakiib |
| permlink | how-to-survive-an-active-shooter-or-terrorist-attack |
| title | How to Survive an Active Shooter or Terrorist Attack |
| body | We all believe we’ll never get into big trouble. However, trouble doesn’t ask us whether we believe in it or not — it just hails, all of a sudden, like thunder. You can’t know when or if you will find yourself in a dangerous situation, but there are certain things that can help you to stay safe if you find yourself in an area where an active shooting occurs. You’ve probably heard the expression that ignorance is bliss, but this isn’t applicable to these situations. Like it or not, mass shootings and terrorist attacks now happen more often then we all would like. Bright Side wants to highlight some very important points about how to react to a terrorist or active shooter incident. Check it out, and share with your friends — because you cannot possibly be over-prepared for life-threatening situations. Observe.  Unfortunately, shooters often target public places, especially at certain events. This brings us to the first step. When you go to any event, take a few minutes to look around and check where the exits are. This is a good habit to have because it may help you to not only escape the attack but a fire, earthquake, or any other situation where you just want to get out. Realize that it is real.  If it sounds like a gunshot or an attack, it might be a gunshot or an attack. It is always better to be safe than sorry. Hopefully, you’ll find out later that it was just a joke, but it is better to laugh afterward than suffer from being too relaxed. Run.  There is no shame in running. Don’t worry about your stuff — run. Everything is replaceable — except your life. Get as far away from the danger as possible. Don’t forget that windows are a good option for escaping. Glass cuts or even a broken leg can be healed much more easily than the damage from a bullet. Forget about zig-zag or banding techniques — run as fast as possible. The only exception might be if the shooter can see you.   If you cannot escape, find shelter. Hide and start barricading using any heavy objects nearby. The harder it is for the attacker to enter the place where you are, the better it is for you. Most of the time, the attacker has only a few minutes before the police show up, so you just have to make it until then. Find cover.  Forget all the movies you’ve seen with super-agents. Things like a chair, a door, or a car will not stop a bullet. Concrete or brick walls are always better options. When they are available, of course. Turn off any gadget that can make any noise. Call the emergency services.  It may sound surprising, but statistics say that it often takes about 10 minutes for somebody to dial the emergency services. Use a landline if possible as it can be tracked more quickly. Stay calm, and give clear details. Follow the police instructions to the letter. Find a weapon.  It can be absolutely anything: scissors, an umbrella, an old broom, or even a cup of hot coffee. If there are other people around, work as a team. One person should call the emergency services. A few people should barricade the entry. Somebody should start looking for a potential weapon. Fight.  Fighting is the last option when you have nowhere to go and nothing to lose. Aim for the face and the eyes, and gouge them. Don’t worry about winning the fight — you just need to get time to escape. Distract and run. Shock and run. Remember this is not a boxing match. You don’t have to win; you need to stay alive. Stay human.  If somebody looks disorientated and too scared to act, help if you can. Grab that person when they start running, calm them down, and encourage them to be more cooperative. But don’t sacrifice your life. Don’t put yourself into a situation when instead of one person in trouble the police get 2 people in trouble. Learn new skills.  It might be a good idea to attend some defense courses. You will learn how to defend yourself, how to escape from danger, and how to use ordinary objects for protection. If you have never done anything like that, don’t worry. You would be very surprised what you are capable of, and who knows? It might make a critical difference in an unpleasant situation. Nothing is more important than life. If you think we missed something, please add it in the comments below. And share this article with your friends and family. We want you all to be safe. Illustrated by Igor Polushin |
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"body": "We all believe we’ll never get into big trouble. However, trouble doesn’t ask us whether we believe in it or not — it just hails, all of a sudden, like thunder. You can’t know when or if you will find yourself in a dangerous situation, but there are certain things that can help you to stay safe if you find yourself in an area where an active shooting occurs.\n\nYou’ve probably heard the expression that ignorance is bliss, but this isn’t applicable to these situations. Like it or not, mass shootings and terrorist attacks now happen more often then we all would like.\n\nBright Side wants to highlight some very important points about how to react to a terrorist or active shooter incident. Check it out, and share with your friends — because you cannot possibly be over-prepared for life-threatening situations.\n\nObserve.\n\n\nUnfortunately, shooters often target public places, especially at certain events. This brings us to the first step. When you go to any event, take a few minutes to look around and check where the exits are. This is a good habit to have because it may help you to not only escape the attack but a fire, earthquake, or any other situation where you just want to get out.\n\nRealize that it is real.\n\n\nIf it sounds like a gunshot or an attack, it might be a gunshot or an attack. It is always better to be safe than sorry. Hopefully, you’ll find out later that it was just a joke, but it is better to laugh afterward than suffer from being too relaxed.\n\nRun.\n\n\nThere is no shame in running. Don’t worry about your stuff — run. Everything is replaceable — except your life. Get as far away from the danger as possible. Don’t forget that windows are a good option for escaping. Glass cuts or even a broken leg can be healed much more easily than the damage from a bullet. Forget about zig-zag or banding techniques — run as fast as possible. The only exception might be if the shooter can see you.\n\n\n\nIf you cannot escape, find shelter. Hide and start barricading using any heavy objects nearby. The harder it is for the attacker to enter the place where you are, the better it is for you. Most of the time, the attacker has only a few minutes before the police show up, so you just have to make it until then.\n\nFind cover.\n\nForget all the movies you’ve seen with super-agents. Things like a chair, a door, or a car will not stop a bullet. Concrete or brick walls are always better options. When they are available, of course. Turn off any gadget that can make any noise.\n\nCall the emergency services.\n\nIt may sound surprising, but statistics say that it often takes about 10 minutes for somebody to dial the emergency services. Use a landline if possible as it can be tracked more quickly. Stay calm, and give clear details. Follow the police instructions to the letter.\n\nFind a weapon.\n\nIt can be absolutely anything: scissors, an umbrella, an old broom, or even a cup of hot coffee.\n\nIf there are other people around, work as a team. One person should call the emergency services. A few people should barricade the entry. Somebody should start looking for a potential weapon.\n\nFight.\n\nFighting is the last option when you have nowhere to go and nothing to lose. Aim for the face and the eyes, and gouge them. Don’t worry about winning the fight — you just need to get time to escape. Distract and run. Shock and run. Remember this is not a boxing match. You don’t have to win; you need to stay alive.\n\nStay human.\n\nIf somebody looks disorientated and too scared to act, help if you can. Grab that person when they start running, calm them down, and encourage them to be more cooperative. But don’t sacrifice your life. Don’t put yourself into a situation when instead of one person in trouble the police get 2 people in trouble.\n\nLearn new skills.\n\nIt might be a good idea to attend some defense courses. You will learn how to defend yourself, how to escape from danger, and how to use ordinary objects for protection. If you have never done anything like that, don’t worry. You would be very surprised what you are capable of, and who knows? It might make a critical difference in an unpleasant situation.\n\nNothing is more important than life. If you think we missed something, please add it in the comments below. And share this article with your friends and family. We want you all to be safe.\n\nIllustrated by Igor Polushin",
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}2018/02/03 17:37:42
2018/02/03 17:37:42
| parent author | bakiib |
| parent permlink | rippex-discloses-a-schedule-to-close-its-ripple-gateway-services |
| author | cheetah |
| permlink | cheetah-re-bakiibrippex-discloses-a-schedule-to-close-its-ripple-gateway-services |
| title | |
| body | Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in: http://blog.rippex.net/br/2018/02/gateway-closure/ |
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2018/02/03 17:37:39
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}bakiibupvoted (100.00%) @bakiib / rippex-discloses-a-schedule-to-close-its-ripple-gateway-services2018/02/03 17:37:24
bakiibupvoted (100.00%) @bakiib / rippex-discloses-a-schedule-to-close-its-ripple-gateway-services
2018/02/03 17:37:24
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}bakiibpublished a new post: rippex-discloses-a-schedule-to-close-its-ripple-gateway-services2018/02/03 17:37:24
bakiibpublished a new post: rippex-discloses-a-schedule-to-close-its-ripple-gateway-services
2018/02/03 17:37:24
| parent author | |
| parent permlink | news |
| author | bakiib |
| permlink | rippex-discloses-a-schedule-to-close-its-ripple-gateway-services |
| title | Rippex discloses a schedule to close its Ripple gateway services |
| body | In 2014, Netmint created an unprecedented service in Brazil by launching Rippex, a solution that allows deposits and withdrawals in Brazilian reais, to and from ripple accounts. That is one of the first solutions of its kind and the first one in Brazil to use the Ripple platform and provide access to the XRP currency. Our history over the last three years has been marked by the growth of our brand, by the expansion of our services and investments to make our processes even more timely and safe, and, above all, by the development of the trust of our customers and users. We started out with 40 users in the first and today they are thousands. Along the way, the market has evolved exponentially, which allowed us to grow at the same pace. The national and global scenarios and the progress of technologies provided the leverage needed to expand our business, however restructuring our models is essential to enhance the impact of our products and services. Nevertheless, we highlight that we will continue to work with Ripple and developing the ecosystem around XRP and digital assets as a whole. We honor a history of credibility and trust and every day we reaffirm our commitment to transparency in servicing our users. That is why we publicly announce the end of the Rippex gateway project. This statement does not mean, in any way, the dissolution of the relationship with our users. We are still here to provide clarification and to guide our clients on how to proceed until our activities conclude. For that matter, you can still count on an accessible team with extensive experience in virtual asset trading. Before presenting the shutdown timeline, we would like to stress that both our clients’ data and assets are protected and that all Rippex balances are backed by the assets to which they correspond. There is no risk of bankruptcy, we did not suffer any kind of attack and our cornerstone, security, remains solid. Moreover, your data will not be shared with anyone. In the next 2 months we will work in accordance with a specific schedule to serve our users and customers. We emphasize that all transactions will still be web-based, including the support service for doubts and clarifications. You can find on our website – rippex.net – an advanced Help Center for handling support tickets. The following timeline was planned and phased to assist all Rippex customers in a timely and transparent manner, and to ensure that everyone will have the time and ease needed to make their withdrawals or to trade their Rippex assets. PHASE 1 – From 2/1/2018 until 02/28/2018 During Phase 1, withdrawals and deposits can still be made normally. If you have deposits or withdrawals to make still this month, you should be aware of the deadline. We will not charge any fees for those transactions within this period (except for BTC and LTC network fees). Due to this change in the fees, the address for BRL withdrawals has changed, please pay extra attention to the instructions when ordering a BRL withdrawal. After February 28th we will not accept any more deposits. Withdrawals will still be possible for those who failed to perform this procedure within the deadline somehow. PHASE 2 – From 3/1/2018 to 4/1/2018 During Phase 2 you will only be able to withdraw funds using Rippex. Deposits will be no longer accepted. At this stage, the processing of withdrawals will be decreased in frequency – we will process withdrawals on the first business day of the week following the request, i.e. once a week we process the requests made the week before. Withdrawals can still be requested and paid in the same way they are today. PHASE 3 – From 4/2/2018 On April 2nd 2018, we enter Phase 3. As of this date all the balances issued by Rippex will be frozen, all transactions will no longer be accepted through the platform. Ideally, we expect every user to have settled their situation within Rippex to this date. Exceptions will be handled on a case-by-case basis. Please access rippex.net after 2/4/2018 for more information. Walkthrough In addition to the timeline, we developed a timeline to guide users until the complete settlement of their situation within Rippex. Here is how to find out if your balances are issued by Rippex. If you do not have Rippex balances, there is no need to do anything, your Ripple account remains yours, to use it as you wish, regardless of Rippex. See the timeline below to understand what to do:  Tutorials Videos Withdrawing Bitcoins and Litecoins Withdrawing BRL (Only for brazilian bank account holders) Checking if you have Rippex balances Customers with balances issued by Rippex and a valid Rippex account: If you are part of this category, you need to access the Rippex account and withdraw your Rippex assets. We remind you that the Ripple account is controlled exclusively by the user. Clients with balance and without a Rippex account: Customers who received assets from Rippex but do not have an account on our platform need to open a support ticket at https://rippex.zendesk.com/hc/en/requests/new. Customers with a Rippex account and no Rippex balances: Customers who have already had their account validated and that created a Ripple account but have not made any transactions within Rippex, can now delete their Rippex accounts. Log in and go to: profile, personal details and remove account. Customers with invalid Rippex accounts: In this case, the customer registered on our platform, but the documents were not validated. Users in this category can sign in and delete their accounts. When you log in you will be shown the option to delete the Rippex account. We guarantee that no information will be stored in our database. Once again, Rippex reaffirms that it will work to meet its commitment on offering a quality service until the end of its activities, on April 2nd, 2018. To our customers who wish to continue trading digital assets, we assert that there are several companies offering such services, if you want more details please refer to the xrp forum, ask your questions and the XRP community will give you a warm welcome. Finally, Rippex is grateful to the customers who have relied on our services and enabled us to manage their assets over the last three years. We begin the conclusion of this project with the certainty that we have contributed to the generation of several businesses and to the growth of many others. You were a part of it and you helped building the future of Internet. Rafael Olaio and Jan Schnurle Founders |
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Nevertheless, we highlight that we will continue to work with Ripple and developing the ecosystem around XRP and digital assets as a whole.\n\nWe honor a history of credibility and trust and every day we reaffirm our commitment to transparency in servicing our users. That is why we publicly announce the end of the Rippex gateway project.\n\nThis statement does not mean, in any way, the dissolution of the relationship with our users. We are still here to provide clarification and to guide our clients on how to proceed until our activities conclude. For that matter, you can still count on an accessible team with extensive experience in virtual asset trading.\n\nBefore presenting the shutdown timeline, we would like to stress that both our clients’ data and assets are protected and that all Rippex balances are backed by the assets to which they correspond. There is no risk of bankruptcy, we did not suffer any kind of attack and our cornerstone, security, remains solid. Moreover, your data will not be shared with anyone.\n\nIn the next 2 months we will work in accordance with a specific schedule to serve our users and customers. We emphasize that all transactions will still be web-based, including the support service for doubts and clarifications. You can find on our website – rippex.net – an advanced Help Center for handling support tickets.\n\nThe following timeline was planned and phased to assist all Rippex customers in a timely and transparent manner, and to ensure that everyone will have the time and ease needed to make their withdrawals or to trade their Rippex assets.\n\nPHASE 1 – From 2/1/2018 until 02/28/2018\n\nDuring Phase 1, withdrawals and deposits can still be made normally. If you have deposits or withdrawals to make still this month, you should be aware of the deadline. We will not charge any fees for those transactions within this period (except for BTC and LTC network fees).\n\nDue to this change in the fees, the address for BRL withdrawals has changed, please pay extra attention to the instructions when ordering a BRL withdrawal.\n\nAfter February 28th we will not accept any more deposits. Withdrawals will still be possible for those who failed to perform this procedure within the deadline somehow.\n\nPHASE 2 – From 3/1/2018 to 4/1/2018\n\nDuring Phase 2 you will only be able to withdraw funds using Rippex. Deposits will be no longer accepted. At this stage, the processing of withdrawals will be decreased in frequency – we will process withdrawals on the first business day of the week following the request, i.e. once a week we process the requests made the week before.\n\nWithdrawals can still be requested and paid in the same way they are today.\n\nPHASE 3 – From 4/2/2018\n\nOn April 2nd 2018, we enter Phase 3. As of this date all the balances issued by Rippex will be frozen, all transactions will no longer be accepted through the platform. Ideally, we expect every user to have settled their situation within Rippex to this date. Exceptions will be handled on a case-by-case basis. Please access rippex.net after 2/4/2018 for more information.\n\nWalkthrough\n\nIn addition to the timeline, we developed a timeline to guide users until the complete settlement of their situation within Rippex. Here is how to find out if your balances are issued by Rippex. If you do not have Rippex balances, there is no need to do anything, your Ripple account remains yours, to use it as you wish, regardless of Rippex.\n\nSee the timeline below to understand what to do:\n\n\n\n\n \n\nTutorials\n\nVideos\nWithdrawing Bitcoins and Litecoins\nWithdrawing BRL (Only for brazilian bank account holders)\nChecking if you have Rippex balances\n \n\nCustomers with balances issued by Rippex and a valid Rippex account: If you are part of this category, you need to access the Rippex account and withdraw your Rippex assets. We remind you that the Ripple account is controlled exclusively by the user.\n\nClients with balance and without a Rippex account: Customers who received assets from Rippex but do not have an account on our platform need to open a support ticket at https://rippex.zendesk.com/hc/en/requests/new.\n\nCustomers with a Rippex account and no Rippex balances: Customers who have already had their account validated and that created a Ripple account but have not made any transactions within Rippex, can now delete their Rippex accounts. Log in and go to: profile, personal details and remove account.\n\nCustomers with invalid Rippex accounts: In this case, the customer registered on our platform, but the documents were not validated. Users in this category can sign in and delete their accounts. When you log in you will be shown the option to delete the Rippex account. We guarantee that no information will be stored in our database.\n\nOnce again, Rippex reaffirms that it will work to meet its commitment on offering a quality service until the end of its activities, on April 2nd, 2018.\n\nTo our customers who wish to continue trading digital assets, we assert that there are several companies offering such services, if you want more details please refer to the xrp forum, ask your questions and the XRP community will give you a warm welcome.\n\nFinally, Rippex is grateful to the customers who have relied on our services and enabled us to manage their assets over the last three years. We begin the conclusion of this project with the certainty that we have contributed to the generation of several businesses and to the growth of many others. You were a part of it and you helped building the future of Internet.\n\nRafael Olaio and Jan Schnurle\n\nFounders",
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2018/02/03 17:22:54
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| body | Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in: http://fortune.com/2018/02/03/apple-iphone-x-record/ |
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}cheetahupvoted (0.08%) @bakiib / apple-sets-records-with-its-best-iphone-ever2018/02/03 17:22:48
cheetahupvoted (0.08%) @bakiib / apple-sets-records-with-its-best-iphone-ever
2018/02/03 17:22:48
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}bakiibupvoted (100.00%) @bakiib / apple-sets-records-with-its-best-iphone-ever2018/02/03 17:22:30
bakiibupvoted (100.00%) @bakiib / apple-sets-records-with-its-best-iphone-ever
2018/02/03 17:22:30
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