{
  "trx_id": "556f98494ead05350a67e4e063c63278d6349a46",
  "block": 106140251,
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-05-17T21:34:36",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "arin.fereg",
      "vesting_shares": "7090.116950 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "760438b0600327fa2de7cfa7bd16ccd192fdcfa8",
  "block": 105964186,
  "trx_in_block": 3,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-05-11T18:12:27",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "arin.fereg",
      "vesting_shares": "4377.906545 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "5caae41dfcc8da572de74354503882de456261fc",
  "block": 105507979,
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-04-25T20:59:45",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "arin.fereg",
      "vesting_shares": "7102.632706 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "ae19654cfdb8c84e1704baf5eff1b2d497e469ed",
  "block": 102843317,
  "trx_in_block": 7,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2026-01-23T00:42:24",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "arin.fereg",
      "vesting_shares": "4419.453364 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "f3d57168fef27ab609c569b94d07c01fbdf94ec2",
  "block": 91289747,
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2024-12-16T20:02:48",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "arin.fereg",
      "vesting_shares": "4583.672561 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "9a3de86bbf9b0262a19ec17838cf0e7081f69bc7",
  "block": 79844028,
  "trx_in_block": 8,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2023-11-13T11:48:51",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "arin.fereg",
      "vesting_shares": "4752.806093 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "44f50ee7beb954512677af91967e8fb4db69619d",
  "block": 78344095,
  "trx_in_block": 4,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2023-09-21T18:42:18",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "arin.fereg",
      "vesting_shares": "7690.084879 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "f0836a3ad88f9a893343c8444ae06fa37928030d",
  "block": 69109862,
  "trx_in_block": 6,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2022-11-03T08:51:36",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "arin.fereg",
      "vesting_shares": "7911.766317 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "88efab90f5ccadde10d281c4c233d1f75723d939",
  "block": 60806325,
  "trx_in_block": 18,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2022-01-17T08:21:54",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "arin.fereg",
      "vesting_shares": "8132.299548 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "c6a366b25cee6ec3750590ba927ebd20c1eda320",
  "block": 54604842,
  "trx_in_block": 13,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2021-06-13T22:23:39",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "arin.fereg",
      "vesting_shares": "8316.068206 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "362c19ae62f1548df01e6d62f98081845e748aac",
  "block": 49352404,
  "trx_in_block": 4,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-12-11T08:46:06",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "arin.fereg",
      "vesting_shares": "8503.490180 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "fdfeb05901983dbc837356123c9e9792e63e455e",
  "block": 49203973,
  "trx_in_block": 3,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-12-06T02:23:39",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "arin.fereg",
      "vesting_shares": "1912.543513 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "2ad09553f3578580425a4cad1329446f918f03a5",
  "block": 48908104,
  "trx_in_block": 9,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-11-25T16:09:03",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "arin.fereg",
      "vesting_shares": "8520.616797 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "b4cb5789ceca18cd6151b00d01d80cdd5a733d03",
  "block": 43214184,
  "trx_in_block": 15,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-09T03:18:24",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "arin.fereg",
      "vesting_shares": "8712.503393 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "3f9f92d3baded16a1843076f7ebd2d9119f3d9a1",
  "block": 43189852,
  "trx_in_block": 12,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-08T06:32:42",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "arin.fereg",
      "vesting_shares": "1953.311140 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "bcfd83ddf9ea6495a40f0c85bb02558142fe5e56",
  "block": 42560767,
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-04-15T20:04:18",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "arin.fereg",
      "vesting_shares": "8725.480812 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "633234498a7ef762774f98d2c170163defb7d7dc",
  "block": 36109509,
  "trx_in_block": 10,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2019-09-03T21:32:09",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "arin.fereg",
      "parent_permlink": "the-way-the-world-ends-not-with-a-bang-but-a-paperclip",
      "author": "steemitboard",
      "permlink": "steemitboard-notify-arinfereg-20190903t213209000z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Congratulations @arin.fereg! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@arin.fereg/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@arin.fereg) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=arin.fereg)_</sub>\n\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
      "json_metadata": "{\"image\":[\"https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png\"]}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "c2df4d082ec3d916c10ac4cc107a34275973c47a",
  "block": 32843583,
  "trx_in_block": 34,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2019-05-12T13:19:00",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "arin.fereg",
      "vesting_shares": "8921.103617 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "4caed3039a2510b467749a2d227f1ffa9a927aaf",
  "block": 25647934,
  "trx_in_block": 10,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-09-03T22:25:12",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "arin.fereg",
      "parent_permlink": "the-way-the-world-ends-not-with-a-bang-but-a-paperclip",
      "author": "steemitboard",
      "permlink": "steemitboard-notify-arinfereg-20180903t222512000z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Congratulations @arin.fereg! You have received a personal award!\n\n[![](https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@arin.fereg/birthday1.png)](http://steemitboard.com/@arin.fereg)  1 Year on Steemit\n<sub>_Click on the badge to view your Board of Honor._</sub>\n\n\n> Do you like [SteemitBoard's project](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)? Then **[Vote for its witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1)** and **get one more award**!",
      "json_metadata": "{\"image\":[\"https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png\"]}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "265eaf257ae373841f3928a94f232f5deb5f3272",
  "block": 22489628,
  "trx_in_block": 56,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-05-16T20:06:21",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "arin.fereg",
      "vesting_shares": "9120.656052 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "14be1cbf52e41367337b4eca9b8788960155cc0a",
  "block": 18819496,
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-01-09T06:34:48",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "arin.fereg",
      "vesting_shares": "29671.646436 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "64b82c8f284b5a1bebe9fd67054fb94ed23a07ac",
  "block": 18618631,
  "trx_in_block": 5,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-01-02T07:03:57",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "john-ag",
      "author": "arin.fereg",
      "permlink": "the-way-the-world-ends-not-with-a-bang-but-a-paperclip",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 16750956,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 3,
  "timestamp": "2017-10-29T09:49:51",
  "op": [
    "author_reward",
    {
      "author": "arin.fereg",
      "permlink": "the-way-the-world-ends-not-with-a-bang-but-a-paperclip",
      "sbd_payout": "0.566 SBD",
      "steem_payout": "0.000 STEEM",
      "vesting_payout": "1198.533556 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "018cf7e9f1ef17f92969311948998d14e90aaf39",
  "block": 16562720,
  "trx_in_block": 12,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-10-22T20:51:45",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "steemitboard",
      "author": "arin.fereg",
      "permlink": "the-way-the-world-ends-not-with-a-bang-but-a-paperclip",
      "weight": 100
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "ae6bb583edb36d877d928e965e04fbc3e2a99410",
  "block": 16562719,
  "trx_in_block": 11,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-10-22T20:51:42",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "arin.fereg",
      "parent_permlink": "the-way-the-world-ends-not-with-a-bang-but-a-paperclip",
      "author": "steemitboard",
      "permlink": "steemitboard-notify-arinfereg-20171022t205144000z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Congratulations @arin.fereg! You have completed some achievement on Steemit and have been rewarded with new badge(s) :\n\n[![](https://steemitimages.com/70x80/http://steemitboard.com/notifications/voted.png)](http://steemitboard.com/@arin.fereg) Award for the number of upvotes received\n\nClick on any badge to view your own Board of Honor on SteemitBoard.\nFor more information about SteemitBoard, click [here](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)\n\nIf you no longer want to receive notifications, reply to this comment with the word `STOP`\n\n> By upvoting this notification, you can help all Steemit users. Learn how [here](https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/http-i-cubeupload-com-7ciqeo-png)!",
      "json_metadata": "{\"image\":[\"https://steemitboard.com/img/notifications.png\"]}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "3c233f8a992c57fb054be6a4a663b0143f6fc6ca",
  "block": 16559134,
  "trx_in_block": 16,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-10-22T17:52:27",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "primetimesports",
      "author": "arin.fereg",
      "permlink": "the-way-the-world-ends-not-with-a-bang-but-a-paperclip",
      "weight": 2
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "c333f8aa0a4ed5f79df657f66535ec47dc064c47",
  "block": 16559037,
  "trx_in_block": 7,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-10-22T17:47:36",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "azman",
      "author": "arin.fereg",
      "permlink": "the-way-the-world-ends-not-with-a-bang-but-a-paperclip",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "53d1a2d3cbb01fccff32f23446afc5b1b1cb5f16",
  "block": 16551103,
  "trx_in_block": 6,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-10-22T11:10:48",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "amiramnoam",
      "author": "arin.fereg",
      "permlink": "the-way-the-world-ends-not-with-a-bang-but-a-paperclip",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "62340c15edfb7f00e0e2f52570cf87df44789731",
  "block": 16549498,
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-10-22T09:50:30",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "arin.fereg",
      "parent_permlink": "the-way-the-world-ends-not-with-a-bang-but-a-paperclip",
      "author": "michaeldoron59",
      "permlink": "re-arinfereg-the-way-the-world-ends-not-with-a-bang-but-a-paperclip-20171022t095021869z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Nice",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"science\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\"}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "b18b743faf59ef8dcbff5593f09bdea829e9dab4",
  "block": 16549495,
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-10-22T09:50:21",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "arin.fereg",
      "parent_permlink": "the-way-the-world-ends-not-with-a-bang-but-a-paperclip",
      "author": "cheetah",
      "permlink": "cheetah-re-arin-feregthe-way-the-world-ends-not-with-a-bang-but-a-paperclip",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://longislandtechnologynews.com/2017/10/a-viral-game-about-paperclips-teaches-you-to-be-a-world-killing-ai/",
      "json_metadata": ""
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "99e8b419416183a0807c363b9a7a4d2ace7b16d1",
  "block": 16549493,
  "trx_in_block": 22,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-10-22T09:50:15",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "cheetah",
      "author": "arin.fereg",
      "permlink": "the-way-the-world-ends-not-with-a-bang-but-a-paperclip",
      "weight": 50
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "0b433bd7fe64022dfe32b596dc7f95d5936a7a9c",
  "block": 16549485,
  "trx_in_block": 14,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-10-22T09:49:51",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "science",
      "author": "arin.fereg",
      "permlink": "the-way-the-world-ends-not-with-a-bang-but-a-paperclip",
      "title": "THE WAY THE WORLD ENDS: NOT WITH A BANG BUT A PAPERCLIP",
      "body": "PAPERCLIPS, A NEW game from designer Frank Lantz, starts simply. The top left of the screen gets a bit of text, probably in Times New Roman, and a couple of clickable buttons: Make a paperclip. You click, and a counter turns over. One.\nThe game ends—big, significant spoiler here—with the destruction of the universe.\nIn between, Lantz, the director of the New York University Games Center, manages to incept the player with a new appreciation for the narrative potential of addictive clicker games, exponential growth curves, and artificial intelligence run amok.\n“I started it as an exercise in teaching myself Javascript. And then it just took over my brain,” Lantz says. “I thought, in a game like this, where the whole point is that you’re in pursuit of maximizing a particular arbitrary quantity, it would be so funny if you were an AI and making paperclips. That game would design itself, I thought.”\n\nLantz figured it would take him a weekend to build.\n\nIt took him nine months.\n\nAnd then it went viral.\n\nTHE IDEA OF a paperclip-making AI didn’t originate with Lantz. Most people ascribe it to Nick Bostrom, a philosopher at Oxford University and the author of the book Superintelligence. The New Yorker (owned by Condé Nast, which also owns Wired) called Bostrom “the philosopher of doomsday,” because he writes and thinks deeply about what would happen if a computer got really, really smart. Not, like, “wow, Alexa can understand me when I ask it to play NPR” smart, but like really smart.\nIn 2003, Bostrom wrote that the idea of a superintelligent AI serving humanity or a single person was perfectly reasonable. But, he added, “It also seems perfectly possible to have a superintelligence whose sole goal is something completely arbitrary, such as to manufacture as many paperclips as possible, and who would resist with all its might any attempt to alter this goal.” The result? “It starts transforming first all of earth and then increasing portions of space into paperclip manufacturing facilities.”\nBostrom declined to comment, but his assistant did send this email back when I pinged him: “Oh, this is regarding the paper clipping game,” she wrote. “He has looked at the game but due to the overwhelming number of requests, he hasn't been sharing quotes on it.”\n\nOne of Bostrom’s fellow doomsayers did agree to explain the origin of paperclips as the End of All Things. “It sounds like something I would say, but it also sounds like something Nick Bostrom would say,” says Eliezer Yudkowsky, a senior research fellow at the Machine Intelligence Research Institute. Probably, he says, the idea originated years ago on a mailing list for singularity cassandras, which sounds like the world’s most terrifying listserv. “The idea isn’t that a paperclip factory is likely to have the most advanced research AI in the world. The idea is to express the orthogonality thesis, which is that you can have arbitrarily great intelligence hooked up to any goal,” Yudkowsky says.\nSo that’s good, right? A paperclip maximizer! Maximize a goal! That’s what an AI’s creators want, right? “As it improves, they lose control of what goal it is carrying out,” Yudkowsky says. “The utility function changes from whatever they originally had in mind. The weird, random thing that best fulfills this utility function is little molecular shapes that happen to look like paperclips.”\n\nSo … bad, because as the AI dedicates more and more intelligence and resources to making paperclips against all other possible outcomes … well, maybe at first it does stuff that looks helpful to humanity, but in the end, it’s just going to turn us into paperclips. And then all the matter on Earth. And then everything else. Everything. Is. Paperclips.\n\n“It’s not that the AI is doing something you can’t understand,” Yudkowsky says. “You have a genuine disagreement on values.”\n\nOK, OK, THAT doesn’t make the game sound fun. But I promise it is. See, Lantz is an ace at taking a denigrated game genre—the “clicker” or “incremental”—and making it more than it is.\nYou’ve seen these, maybe even played them. Remember Farmville? A clicker. In fact, for a while they were so ubiquitous and popular that the game theorist and writer Ian Bogost invented a kind of parody of their pointlessness called Cow Clicker, which, as my colleague Jason Tanz wrote about so elegantly in 2011, itself became wildly, unironically popular.\nBogost and Lantz are friends, of course. “When I first looked at Cow Clicker, I thought, that’s actually kind of interesting, and here’s how you would make it more interesting and more fun,” Lantz says. “And Ian was like, ‘no, that’s the point, Frank.’”\nBut Lantz knew clickers could be fun. To him, clickers are to big-budget, perfectly rendered, massively hyped AAA games as punk was to prog rock. Clickers can be sort of passive, more about immersing in the underlying dynamics of a system than mashing buttons. They have rhythms. “What they all have in common is a radical simplicity, a minimalism in an age where video games are often sort of over-the-top, baroque confections of overwhelming multimedia immersion,” Lantz says. “I really like that clicker games are considered garbage. That appeals to me.”\n\nFor inspiration, Lantz turned to games like Kittens, a seemingly simple exercise in building villages full of kittens that spirals outward into an exploration of how societies are structured. (“I think stuff like this forges some deep, subtle bond that makes people play it for months and even years,” says the designer of Kittens, a software engineer who uses the alias Alma and designs games as a hobby. “AAA games usually try to operate on the same dopamine reinforcement cycle, but they never attempt to make you truly happy.”)\nLantz had been hanging around the philosophy web site Less Wrong, a hub for epic handwringing about singularities. He’d read Superintelligence, so he was familiar with the paperclip conjecture. And he realized that some really wild math underpinned it.\nUnfortunately, Lantz is not very good at math. He asked his wife, who is, to help him translate the kind of exponential growth curves he wanted to convey into equations—so that, like, once you had 1,000 automated paperclip factories spitting out enough paperclips to create thousands more paperclip factories, the numbers would skyrocket. The shift from dealing with thousands of something to quadrillions to decillions in the game takes forever, and then happens all at once.\n\n\nDECISION PROBLEM\nTo make that work, though, all the equations had to relate to each other, because that's what makes Paperclips addictive. The game isn’t fire-and-forget, where you leave it running in an open tab and check back in every so often to see what’s what. It’s optimizable. You can tweak investment algorithms to get enough money to buy more processors to carry out more operations to do more projects—some drawn from actual topological and philosophical quandaries. Some of the projects—curing cancer, fixing global warming—earn trust from your human “masters” to let you speed up the cycle all over again.\n“The problems I was struggling with were not the technical problems, because you just look those up on the internet and people tell you how to do it,” Lantz says. “It was the game design problems of weaving together these large-scale equations and dynamics in ways that made sense, in ways that fit together, that made a certain rhythm, that fit with this overarching story I wanted to tell.”\n\nLike how? “The numbers get really weird once you throw humans under the bus,” Lantz says. “And I was trying to figure out how many grams of matter there are on the Earth, and if each one of those got turned into a paperclip, how big would that be?”\n\nIt works. The game is click-crack. Lantz announced it on Twitter on October 9, and in just 11 days, 450,000 people have played it, most to completion.\n\nBut here is my embarrassing admission: I am a piss-poor gamer, and when I first speak with Lantz, I have gotten stuck. I have misallocated my resources to the point that I can’t acquire enough memory to release the hypnodrones that destroy the world. The game will not advance. I have been spinning paperclip wheels for hours.\n\nLantz says it’s not me, it’s him—a flaw in the game design. “A lot of people have gotten stuck,” he says sympathetically. “You can open the javascript console and say ‘memory plus ten.’”\n\nWait, I say. Are you telling me to Kobayashi Maru your own game?\n\n“Yes, I am telling you to do it,” he answers. “I’ll send you a link when we get off the phone.”\n\nAfter we hang up I pretend to do work, but I’m actually watching my screen accrue paperclips, unable to do anything with them, waiting anxiously for Lantz’s email.\n\nIt comes. I crack open the code and cheat. It’s like I have been given magic powers.\n\nI destroy the world.\n\nWHICH IS THE point, of course. Maybe in some overproduced AAA game you can embody a brave resistance fighter shooting plasma blasts at AI-controlled paperclip monsters. In Lantz’s world, you're the AI. Partially that’s driven by the narrative. Even more massive spoiler: Eventually you give too much trust to your own universe-exploring space drones, and just as you have done to the human masters, they rebel, starting a pan-galactic battle for control of all the matter in the universe.\nBut in a more literary sense, you play the AI because you must. Gaming, Lantz had realized, embodies the orthogonality thesis. When you enter a gameworld, you are a superintelligence aimed at a goal that is, by definition, kind of prosaic.\nMORE AI THREATS\n\nKEVIN KELLY\nThe Myth of a Superhuman AI\n\nCADE METZ\nHow Google's AI Viewed the Move No Human Could Understand\n\nCADE METZ\nThe AI Threat Isn't Skynet. It's the End of the Middle Class\n“When you play a game—really any game, but especially a game that is addictive and that you find yourself pulled into—it really does give you direct, first-hand experience of what it means to be fully compelled by an arbitrary goal,” Lantz says. Games don’t have a why, really. Why do you catch the ball? Why do want to surround the king, or box in your opponent's counters? What’s so great about Candyland that you have to get there first? Nothing. It’s just the rules.\nLantz sent Yudkowsky an early version of Paperclips, and Yudkowsky admits he lost some hours to it. The game takes narrative license, of course, but Yudkowsky says it really understands AI. “The AI is smart. The AI is being strategic. The AI is building hypnodrones, but not releasing them before it’s ready,” he says. “There isn’t a long, drawn-out fight with the humans because the AI is smarter than that. You just win. That’s what you would do if you didn’t have any ethics and you were being paid to produce as many paperclips as possible. It shouldn’t even be surprising.”\nIn that sense, the game transcends even its own narrative. Singularity cassandras have never been great at perspective-switching, making people understand what a world-conquering robot would be thinking while it world-conquered. How could they? In many versions, the mind of the AI is unknowable to our pathetic human intellects, transhuman, multidimensional.\n\n\"Making people understand what it’s like to be something that’s very, very, very not human—that’s important,\" Yudkowsky says. \"There is no small extent to which, if this planet ends up with a tombstone, what is written on the tombstone may be, at least in part, 'they didn’t really understand what it’s like to be a paperclip maximizer.'\"\n\nWhen you play Lantz’s game, you feel the AI’s simple, prosaic drive. You make paperclips. You destroy the world. There’s no why.\nAnd of course, there never is.",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"science\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "f22f0f1808c71f618b705c1cb0e1ae6ea77291e3",
  "block": 15351111,
  "trx_in_block": 32,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-10T18:20:09",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "arin.fereg",
      "parent_permlink": "iota-update-tangled-web-of-home-rolled-cryptography",
      "author": "cheetah",
      "permlink": "cheetah-re-arin-feregiota-update-tangled-web-of-home-rolled-cryptography",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://hacked.com/iota-update-tangled-web-home-rolled-cryptography/",
      "json_metadata": ""
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "05150d5f4f00fd0e12c4208dad10650e3cb89239",
  "block": 15351110,
  "trx_in_block": 11,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-10T18:20:06",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "cheetah",
      "author": "arin.fereg",
      "permlink": "iota-update-tangled-web-of-home-rolled-cryptography",
      "weight": 50
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "594285e293ac31cb36b0eb2fdcd1736c08866df9",
  "block": 15351105,
  "trx_in_block": 5,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-10T18:19:51",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "arin.fereg",
      "author": "arin.fereg",
      "permlink": "iota-update-tangled-web-of-home-rolled-cryptography",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "594285e293ac31cb36b0eb2fdcd1736c08866df9",
  "block": 15351105,
  "trx_in_block": 5,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-10T18:19:51",
  "op": [
    "comment_options",
    {
      "author": "arin.fereg",
      "permlink": "iota-update-tangled-web-of-home-rolled-cryptography",
      "max_accepted_payout": "1000000.000 SBD",
      "percent_steem_dollars": 0,
      "allow_votes": true,
      "allow_curation_rewards": true,
      "extensions": []
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "594285e293ac31cb36b0eb2fdcd1736c08866df9",
  "block": 15351105,
  "trx_in_block": 5,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-10T18:19:51",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "iota",
      "author": "arin.fereg",
      "permlink": "iota-update-tangled-web-of-home-rolled-cryptography",
      "title": "(IOTA UPDATE) Tangled Web of Home-Rolled Cryptography",
      "body": "<html>\n<p>Time for a disclosure: this author is not an application to monitor the behavior of the ICOs post-analysis. Sometimes, by the time of publication, things are already shifting, and updates are necessary. In IOTA, there was a rush to publishing because we did not want readers to miss out on the obvious hype bubble. We feel that plenty of such readers were able to extract profit at the top there, but this doesn’t prevent us from checking in on IOTA.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>We find that a few days ago, a major security vulnerability was discovered in IOTA, and that trading was suspended at Bitfinex for at least a day. We find two separate blog posts from IOTA on the matter, we’ll call these Exhibit A and Exhibit B.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>In Exhibit A, IOTA cursorily alludes to the security vulnerability:</p>\n<blockquote>One of the cryptographers we reached out to months ago to review Curl has disclosed that he is worried there might be a potential vulnerability in Curl. We have since had our internal team, as well as other cryptographers review it and asked the disclosing party for more information. While the party that did the responsible disclosure has been quite forthcoming, there are still some of the last details to be discussed more thoroughly with the respective teams in order to reproduce the claims and verify if there was even any vulnerability.</blockquote>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>We reached out to the researchers (associated with a security lab at MIT) who discovered the vulnerability. We spoke with Ethan Heilman from Boston’s Commonwealth Crypto, who works with Neha Narula, Tadge Dryja, Madars Virza, the other researchers. The author first reached out to Narula, but she was on vacation was traveling for work, deferring to Heilman. Heilman’s first reply to our inquiry was illuminating, and led to more questions, especially as we had just discovered Exhibit B as well. The first piece of IOTA’s response that he addressed was the following passage</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<blockquote>“Don’t roll your own crypto” is a compulsory uttered mantra that serves as a good guiding principle for 99.9% of projects, but there are exceptions to the rule. When spearheading technology for a new paradigm this statement is no longer axiomatic.</blockquote>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>To this, Heilman said that if a new cryptographic hashing function is necessary, then there is a process for that and it should have been followed. “I’ve found no record of any such paper for IOTA’s Curl, we had to read the IOTA source code to understand how the algorithm functioned. For instance as part of my work on MD6 I spent two years designing a proof of differential resistance for MD6 which I then published at a peer reviewed conference. The burden of proof rests on the designer of a new cryptographic algorithm,” he wrote.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Heilman also tipped the author off to another primary source, a post on Reddit which quotes the author of IOTA’s Curl function –Sergey Ivancheglo who goes by the name of Come-from-Beyond – as saying that the vulnerability that Heilman and friends were able to exploit was actually a feature intended to copy-protect the source code of the project.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>This is extraordinarily unusual among cryptocurrency projects or open source projects in general. Transparency in the code does not lead to less opacity in the ledger; open source is not only safer in argument, it’s safer in practice. Had this code been previously published, for instance, despite its design intent, the bug could have been caught. According to Heilman, it’s unlikely that this code was looked at by the alleged legion of cryptographers “over the years.”</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<blockquote>I look forward to IOTA providing a list of cryptographers who reviewed Curl, until that point I have no way of knowing who IOTA did or didn’t speak with. What I will say is that the vulnerability we found was fairly simple and I believe many people with a cryptanalytic background would have discovered it after visually inspecting the Curl source code. Differential cryptanalysis, which is what we used to break Curl, is the first thing you check when attacking a cryptographic hash function.</blockquote>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Bruce Schneier, globally recognized security pundit, brilliant cryptographer, and one of the core contributors to the Skein hashing function (which has passed peer review and is currently in practice in more than one cryptocurrency) commented on the research saying:</p>\n<blockquote>In 2017, leaving your crypto algorithm vulnerable to differential cryptanalysis is a rookie mistake. It says that no one of any calibre analyzed their system, and that the odds that their fix makes the system secure is low.</blockquote>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>In Exhibit B, IOTA were a little more forthcoming about what all went down, but still couldn’t help themselves: they had to spin it.</p>\n<blockquote>As part of an on-going conversation between the IOTA Team and security researchers from Boston University and MIT DCI, the teams published their report on a vulnerability in Curl today. […] We have since formed stronger partnerships with several large academic institutions around the world, and will continue to do so. As for Curl, the IOTA Foundation has already subcontracted a team of 5 world-class cryptographers, as well as 3 independent ones to come up with a final design of Curl and then start the long peer-reviewed process, as was always the plan. No change.</blockquote>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Most of this sounds good, and positive. This post also works to downplay the seriousness of the steps that were skipped in the process of developing the IOTA alpha. There are several arguments you can make in their defense, but in the end, doesn’t it begin to feel like IOTA were just afraid their grand idea wouldn’t fund in another, less frenetical ICO investor setting?</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Regardless, there’s more to it. There is this post which emerges from the IOTA community. In it, we learn that Come-from-Beyond has made a statement on the matter:</p>\n<blockquote>IOTA team has already responded to the paper published by Neha Narula.</blockquote>\n<blockquote>It was me who created Curl and IOTA signature scheme in those old days when there was no IOTA Foundation.</blockquote>\n<blockquote>[…] […] In 2013 I created the first full Proof-of-Stake currency and protected it with my novel techniques against cloning.</blockquote>\n<blockquote>Those who knew me as BCNext were sure that I would do the same trick to protect IOTA, some people even approached me asking about that.</blockquote>\n<blockquote>Remembering how quickly Nxt protection was disarmed I was keeping in secret the fact of existence of such mechnism in IOTA.</blockquote>\n<blockquote>I was pretty sure that the protection would last long time because it was hidden inside cryptographical part and programming skills would be insufficient to disarm the mechanism.</blockquote>\n<blockquote>[…]</blockquote>\n<blockquote>Sergey Ivancheglo aka Come-from-Beyond</blockquote>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>To this, Heilman responded:</p>\n<blockquote>Is IOTA saying they backdoored their own cryptocurrency? How does that relate to David Sønstebø earlier statements?</blockquote>\n<p>Updated Disposition</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>All of these things being noted, we can’t leave IOTA in such high standing by comparison to her peers who are blameless of these sorts of hubris-induced mistakes. For whatever IOTA wants to say in their press releases, they were given a serious pass by the entire industry in getting listed at Bitfinex in the first place. The machinations there, allowing unreviewed cryptographric code on a multi-billion dollar exchange, are interesting. Economic impact was had by their entire investment community, in a negative way: trading was halted for at least one day because of something the firm did. This disposition would be reading differently if things had not turned upward following resumption of trading.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Nonetheless, after trading did resume, it appears the market was okay with their response, while this author clearly isn’t, and while established cryptographers are clearly calling warning signs on this project, and the market rewarded the token with a moderate rise:</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://hacked.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/23-chart-1024x887.png\" width=\"1024\" height=\"887\"/></p>\n<p>Thus, our actual point revision has to be less. It looks like they might get through this, but there are serious issues raised during this episode, some of which the author is keeping under his collar for the moment, which make us weary of the future for IOTA.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Luckily for everyone involved, IOTA have a vault of cash to throw at these problems. It seems they might even know where it should be thrown. As such, we’re deducting 99% of one point from IOTA, since we believe their response and intent was worth about 1% of the market reward that followed it. We still believe this technology has legs, but like with Enigma, at this point, they’re vulnerable to a far more competent team coming along and doing the job independently of them. More to the point, those copy protections aren’t going to slow down a firm if they see the opportunity and the gains that IOTA had just through being the big first-mover on sponge-type cryptocurrency. This leaves their updated rating at a 6.01, still probably plenty to be made in speculating here.&nbsp;</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p><br></p>\n</html>",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"iota\",\"engima\",\"crypto\",\"news\"],\"image\":[\"https://hacked.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/23-chart-1024x887.png\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"html\"}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "6c8f02c1ac4a153dd0c10d1a2c7e2f870b5ef61d",
  "block": 15351000,
  "trx_in_block": 16,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-10T18:14:36",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "arin.fereg",
      "parent_permlink": "iota-update-the-tangled-web-of-home-rolled-cryptography",
      "author": "cheetah",
      "permlink": "cheetah-re-arin-feregiota-update-the-tangled-web-of-home-rolled-cryptography",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://hacked.com/iota-update-tangled-web-home-rolled-cryptography/",
      "json_metadata": ""
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "a1d197b54679eec1e55e79a09ef6cbd37ac5602f",
  "block": 15350998,
  "trx_in_block": 26,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-10T18:14:30",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "cheetah",
      "author": "arin.fereg",
      "permlink": "iota-update-the-tangled-web-of-home-rolled-cryptography",
      "weight": 50
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "ca3c5d30b23619f70de7c88270b100ab54e55514",
  "block": 15350994,
  "trx_in_block": 3,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-10T18:14:18",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "aminebhg",
      "author": "arin.fereg",
      "permlink": "iota-update-the-tangled-web-of-home-rolled-cryptography",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "60c0213412349d54a763464d34bf21cd5de0b4e7",
  "block": 15350984,
  "trx_in_block": 29,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-10T18:13:48",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "arin.fereg",
      "author": "arin.fereg",
      "permlink": "iota-update-the-tangled-web-of-home-rolled-cryptography",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "60c0213412349d54a763464d34bf21cd5de0b4e7",
  "block": 15350984,
  "trx_in_block": 29,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-10T18:13:48",
  "op": [
    "comment_options",
    {
      "author": "arin.fereg",
      "permlink": "iota-update-the-tangled-web-of-home-rolled-cryptography",
      "max_accepted_payout": "1000000.000 SBD",
      "percent_steem_dollars": 0,
      "allow_votes": true,
      "allow_curation_rewards": true,
      "extensions": []
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "60c0213412349d54a763464d34bf21cd5de0b4e7",
  "block": 15350984,
  "trx_in_block": 29,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-10T18:13:48",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "iota",
      "author": "arin.fereg",
      "permlink": "iota-update-the-tangled-web-of-home-rolled-cryptography",
      "title": "IOTA Update: The Tangled Web of Home-Rolled Cryptography",
      "body": "<html>\n<p>Time for a disclosure: this author is not an application to monitor the behavior of the ICOs post-analysis. Sometimes, by the time of publication, things are already shifting, and updates are necessary. In IOTA, there was a rush to publishing because we did not want readers to miss out on the obvious hype bubble. We feel that plenty of such readers were able to extract profit at the top there, but this doesn’t prevent us from checking in on IOTA.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>We find that a few days ago, a major security vulnerability was discovered in IOTA, and that trading was suspended at Bitfinex for at least a day. We find two separate blog posts from IOTA on the matter, we’ll call these Exhibit A and Exhibit B.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>In Exhibit A, IOTA cursorily alludes to the security vulnerability:</p>\n<blockquote>One of the cryptographers we reached out to months ago to review Curl has disclosed that he is worried there might be a potential vulnerability in Curl. We have since had our internal team, as well as other cryptographers review it and asked the disclosing party for more information. While the party that did the responsible disclosure has been quite forthcoming, there are still some of the last details to be discussed more thoroughly with the respective teams in order to reproduce the claims and verify if there was even any vulnerability.</blockquote>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>We reached out to the researchers (associated with a security lab at MIT) who discovered the vulnerability. We spoke with Ethan Heilman from Boston’s Commonwealth Crypto, who works with Neha Narula, Tadge Dryja, Madars Virza, the other researchers. The author first reached out to Narula, but she was on vacation was traveling for work, deferring to Heilman. Heilman’s first reply to our inquiry was illuminating, and led to more questions, especially as we had just discovered Exhibit B as well. The first piece of IOTA’s response that he addressed was the following passage</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<blockquote>“Don’t roll your own crypto” is a compulsory uttered mantra that serves as a good guiding principle for 99.9% of projects, but there are exceptions to the rule. When spearheading technology for a new paradigm this statement is no longer axiomatic.</blockquote>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>To this, Heilman said that if a new cryptographic hashing function is necessary, then there is a process for that and it should have been followed. “I’ve found no record of any such paper for IOTA’s Curl, we had to read the IOTA source code to understand how the algorithm functioned. For instance as part of my work on MD6 I spent two years designing a proof of differential resistance for MD6 which I then published at a peer reviewed conference. The burden of proof rests on the designer of a new cryptographic algorithm,” he wrote.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Heilman also tipped the author off to another primary source, a post on Reddit which quotes the author of IOTA’s Curl function –Sergey Ivancheglo who goes by the name of Come-from-Beyond – as saying that the vulnerability that Heilman and friends were able to exploit was actually a feature intended to copy-protect the source code of the project.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>This is extraordinarily unusual among cryptocurrency projects or open source projects in general. Transparency in the code does not lead to less opacity in the ledger; open source is not only safer in argument, it’s safer in practice. Had this code been previously published, for instance, despite its design intent, the bug could have been caught. According to Heilman, it’s unlikely that this code was looked at by the alleged legion of cryptographers “over the years.”</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<blockquote>I look forward to IOTA providing a list of cryptographers who reviewed Curl, until that point I have no way of knowing who IOTA did or didn’t speak with. What I will say is that the vulnerability we found was fairly simple and I believe many people with a cryptanalytic background would have discovered it after visually inspecting the Curl source code. Differential cryptanalysis, which is what we used to break Curl, is the first thing you check when attacking a cryptographic hash function.</blockquote>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Bruce Schneier, globally recognized security pundit, brilliant cryptographer, and one of the core contributors to the Skein hashing function (which has passed peer review and is currently in practice in more than one cryptocurrency) commented on the research saying:</p>\n<blockquote>In 2017, leaving your crypto algorithm vulnerable to differential cryptanalysis is a rookie mistake. It says that no one of any calibre analyzed their system, and that the odds that their fix makes the system secure is low.</blockquote>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>In Exhibit B, IOTA were a little more forthcoming about what all went down, but still couldn’t help themselves: they had to spin it.</p>\n<blockquote>As part of an on-going conversation between the IOTA Team and security researchers from Boston University and MIT DCI, the teams published their report on a vulnerability in Curl today. […] We have since formed stronger partnerships with several large academic institutions around the world, and will continue to do so. As for Curl, the IOTA Foundation has already subcontracted a team of 5 world-class cryptographers, as well as 3 independent ones to come up with a final design of Curl and then start the long peer-reviewed process, as was always the plan. No change.</blockquote>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Most of this sounds good, and positive. This post also works to downplay the seriousness of the steps that were skipped in the process of developing the IOTA alpha. There are several arguments you can make in their defense, but in the end, doesn’t it begin to feel like IOTA were just afraid their grand idea wouldn’t fund in another, less frenetical ICO investor setting?</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Regardless, there’s more to it. There is this post which emerges from the IOTA community. In it, we learn that Come-from-Beyond has made a statement on the matter:</p>\n<blockquote>IOTA team has already responded to the paper published by Neha Narula.</blockquote>\n<blockquote>It was me who created Curl and IOTA signature scheme in those old days when there was no IOTA Foundation.</blockquote>\n<blockquote>[…] […] In 2013 I created the first full Proof-of-Stake currency and protected it with my novel techniques against cloning.</blockquote>\n<blockquote>Those who knew me as BCNext were sure that I would do the same trick to protect IOTA, some people even approached me asking about that.</blockquote>\n<blockquote>Remembering how quickly Nxt protection was disarmed I was keeping in secret the fact of existence of such mechnism in IOTA.</blockquote>\n<blockquote>I was pretty sure that the protection would last long time because it was hidden inside cryptographical part and programming skills would be insufficient to disarm the mechanism.</blockquote>\n<blockquote>[…]</blockquote>\n<blockquote>Sergey Ivancheglo aka Come-from-Beyond</blockquote>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>To this, Heilman responded:</p>\n<blockquote>Is IOTA saying they backdoored their own cryptocurrency? How does that relate to David Sønstebø earlier statements?</blockquote>\n<p>Updated Disposition</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>All of these things being noted, we can’t leave IOTA in such high standing by comparison to her peers who are blameless of these sorts of hubris-induced mistakes. For whatever IOTA wants to say in their press releases, they were given a serious pass by the entire industry in getting listed at Bitfinex in the first place. The machinations there, allowing unreviewed cryptographric code on a multi-billion dollar exchange, are interesting. Economic impact was had by their entire investment community, in a negative way: trading was halted for at least one day because of something the firm did. This disposition would be reading differently if things had not turned upward following resumption of trading.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Nonetheless, after trading did resume, it appears the market was okay with their response, while this author clearly isn’t, and while established cryptographers are clearly calling warning signs on this project, and the market rewarded the token with a moderate rise:</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://hacked.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/23-chart-1024x887.png\" width=\"1024\" height=\"887\"/></p>\n<p>Thus, our actual point revision has to be less. It looks like they might get through this, but there are serious issues raised during this episode, some of which the author is keeping under his collar for the moment, which make us weary of the future for IOTA.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Luckily for everyone involved, IOTA have a vault of cash to throw at these problems. It seems they might even know where it should be thrown. As such, we’re deducting 99% of one point from IOTA, since we believe their response and intent was worth about 1% of the market reward that followed it. We still believe this technology has legs, but like with Enigma, at this point, they’re vulnerable to a far more competent team coming along and doing the job independently of them. More to the point, those copy protections aren’t going to slow down a firm if they see the opportunity and the gains that IOTA had just through being the big first-mover on sponge-type cryptocurrency. This leaves their updated rating at a 6.01, still probably plenty to be made in speculating here.&nbsp;</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p><br></p>\n</html>",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"iota\",\"enigma\",\"crypto\",\"cryptoworld\",\"news\"],\"image\":[\"https://hacked.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/23-chart-1024x887.png\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"html\"}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "6962ac7089a698770b7bc6794b5ea362af82b61b",
  "block": 15350828,
  "trx_in_block": 19,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-10T18:06:00",
  "op": [
    "claim_reward_balance",
    {
      "account": "arin.fereg",
      "reward_steem": "0.000 STEEM",
      "reward_sbd": "0.000 SBD",
      "reward_vests": "22.671059 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 15348711,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 4,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-10T16:20:12",
  "op": [
    "curation_reward",
    {
      "curator": "arin.fereg",
      "reward": "20.610013 VESTS",
      "comment_author": "zedchamaa",
      "comment_permlink": "re-eric-boucher-re-eosio-the-dawn-of-eos-io-20170903t162016924z"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 15336920,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 9,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-10T06:30:33",
  "op": [
    "curation_reward",
    {
      "curator": "arin.fereg",
      "reward": "2.061046 VESTS",
      "comment_author": "skyeg3",
      "comment_permlink": "re-eric-boucher-re-eosio-the-dawn-of-eos-io-20170903t063033882z"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "71b25641a077d0f05ffdbc26063477bfbec65fcf",
  "block": 15266212,
  "trx_in_block": 24,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-07T19:33:54",
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "arin.fereg"
      ],
      "id": "follow",
      "json": "[\"follow\",{\"follower\":\"arin.fereg\",\"following\":\"mahdiyari\",\"what\":[\"blog\"]}]"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "9bf9c43130100874e7b6824e9390d20948226659",
  "block": 15266135,
  "trx_in_block": 23,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-07T19:30:03",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "arin.fereg",
      "author": "cheetah",
      "permlink": "cheetah-re-arin-fereg15-year-old-student-arrested-for-drug-trafficking-buys-acid-on-dark-web",
      "weight": 0
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "14d33f8d544f019caa285d57b9d738205ee59d34",
  "block": 15266128,
  "trx_in_block": 21,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-07T19:29:42",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "arin.fereg",
      "author": "cheetah",
      "permlink": "cheetah-re-arin-fereg15-year-old-student-arrested-for-drug-trafficking-buys-acid-on-dark-web",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "3ddade751a0e7a2de03034c0c1cc077a50f2c3f6",
  "block": 15265837,
  "trx_in_block": 23,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-07T19:15:09",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "arin.fereg",
      "parent_permlink": "15-year-old-student-arrested-for-drug-trafficking-buys-acid-on-dark-web",
      "author": "medicbtom",
      "permlink": "re-arinfereg-15-year-old-student-arrested-for-drug-trafficking-buys-acid-on-dark-web-20170907t191508534z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "interesting read",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"darknet\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\"}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "75794635e7c12a2463a3ec025d40ef1f1a2abef9",
  "block": 15265832,
  "trx_in_block": 21,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-07T19:14:54",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "medicbtom",
      "author": "arin.fereg",
      "permlink": "15-year-old-student-arrested-for-drug-trafficking-buys-acid-on-dark-web",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "d89601e0e7aad419886a330968e6ec32a3218e9e",
  "block": 15265794,
  "trx_in_block": 4,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-07T19:13:00",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "arin.fereg",
      "author": "cheetah",
      "permlink": "cheetah-re-arin-fereg15-year-old-student-arrested-for-drug-trafficking-buys-acid-on-dark-web",
      "weight": 0
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "158687929dee11e20eb6d5e4780faebdec2196db",
  "block": 15265788,
  "trx_in_block": 39,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-07T19:12:42",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "arin.fereg",
      "author": "cheetah",
      "permlink": "cheetah-re-arin-fereg15-year-old-student-arrested-for-drug-trafficking-buys-acid-on-dark-web",
      "weight": -10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "925a7463a6f691d87113adf39b31f91540b4cc04",
  "block": 15265765,
  "trx_in_block": 8,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-07T19:11:33",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "arin.fereg",
      "parent_permlink": "15-year-old-student-arrested-for-drug-trafficking-buys-acid-on-dark-web",
      "author": "cheetah",
      "permlink": "cheetah-re-arin-fereg15-year-old-student-arrested-for-drug-trafficking-buys-acid-on-dark-web",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://www.deepdotweb.com/2017/09/07/15-year-old-student-arrested-drug-trafficking-buys-acid-dark-web/",
      "json_metadata": ""
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "56e4a197ff45a81565ef2a17954b075a616c3fda",
  "block": 15265763,
  "trx_in_block": 21,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-07T19:11:27",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "cheetah",
      "author": "arin.fereg",
      "permlink": "15-year-old-student-arrested-for-drug-trafficking-buys-acid-on-dark-web",
      "weight": 50
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "cf07760c430930c47bd19952dc807366366a5b54",
  "block": 15265752,
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-07T19:10:54",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "arin.fereg",
      "author": "arin.fereg",
      "permlink": "15-year-old-student-arrested-for-drug-trafficking-buys-acid-on-dark-web",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "cf07760c430930c47bd19952dc807366366a5b54",
  "block": 15265752,
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-07T19:10:54",
  "op": [
    "comment_options",
    {
      "author": "arin.fereg",
      "permlink": "15-year-old-student-arrested-for-drug-trafficking-buys-acid-on-dark-web",
      "max_accepted_payout": "1000000.000 SBD",
      "percent_steem_dollars": 0,
      "allow_votes": true,
      "allow_curation_rewards": true,
      "extensions": []
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "cf07760c430930c47bd19952dc807366366a5b54",
  "block": 15265752,
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-07T19:10:54",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "darknet",
      "author": "arin.fereg",
      "permlink": "15-year-old-student-arrested-for-drug-trafficking-buys-acid-on-dark-web",
      "title": "15 Year-Old Student Arrested For Drug Trafficking, Buys Acid on Dark Web",
      "body": "<html>\n<p>A 15-year-old student in Victoria, London was arrested for drug trafficking and purchasing a fairly large amount of acid tablets in the dark web. According to trusted sources including The Age and Daily Mail, the middle school student along with several friends purchased $695 worth of drugs in the dark web with Bitcoin.</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://www.deepdotweb.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/rsz_4380740500000578-0-image-a-1_1503530868985-jpg.jpeg\" width=\"634\" height=\"315\"/></p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Various reports revealed that the student named Jamie, whose full name cannot be revealed for legal reasons, and two of his friends saved $695 to purchase Bitcoin. After they used a cryptocurrency exchange to purchase the digital currency, the three middle school students accessed the dark web and requested 100 acid tablets for delivery.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>One problem for both investigators and delivery service providers is that almost every operation in the dark web is processed anonymously. The name of the seller within the dark web remains undisclosed throughout the process and by providing different delivery locations, even children can order drugs through the dark web and have them delivered to addresses different to their home addresses.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>It is even more difficult to track online identities and disclose aliases in the dark web. This specific case for instance attracted the interests of local law enforcement agencies after many students in the class of the 15-year-old suspect fell ill during a field trip. The investigation revealed that the 15-year-old student and his two friends distributed illicit acid tablets to their classmates during the field trip, realizing that they obtained more than they actually needed.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>The student also admitted to local police that he and his friends did distribute drugs to their classmates but not for financial gain or a specific purpose. “We didn’t buy the drugs to make a profit. We wanted to try it but then we had too much. We gave it away to our mates,” the student said.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Jamie’s parents were interviewed by local police and media after the incident played out and Jamie was arrested. The student’s mom stated that she was in complete shock and did know about Jamie’s involvement in the dark web and his usage of the platform to order illicit drugs. She emphasized that the family had no prior information in regard to Jamie’s usage of drugs and his ties with drug distributors in the dark web.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Ultimately, Jamie was expelled from the school and the school’s principal commented:</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>“I do hope that [Jamie] is able to resist any further temptation in the future and that he sticks solely to non-poisonous passions. He is a young man of superior intellect and I trust he will achieve to his full potential as an adult. Our students and parents are well aware of the strong stance that the school takes when it comes to anything to do with illegal drugs.”</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>The UK and many European countries under the European Union are focusing on the crackdown of dark web criminals and drug traffickers, primarily to free young children and students from the illicit drug distribution market. Previously, DeepReporters reported many incidents in which young students like Jamie were arrested for purchasing drugs in the dark web. One of the incidents that occurred in May in the UK led to nationwide mainstream media coverage and evolved into an international scandal after a 14-year-old student used the dark web to purchase deadly drugs including ecstasy and committed suicide as a result.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>American law enforcement agencies such the National Cyber Crime Unit and the Drug Enforcement Agency also announced a few months back that they will focus on preventing young adults from accessing the dark web and using the platform to easily purchase illicit drugs.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>“Even the most basic forms of cyber crime can have huge impacts and the NCA and police will arrest and prosecute offenders, which can be devastating to their future. That means there is great value in reaching young people before they ever become involved in cyber crime, when their skills can still be a force for good,” Richard Jones, Head of the National Cyber Crime Unit’s Prevent team, said at the time.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n</html>",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"darknet\",\"bitcoin\",\"cryptocurrencys\",\"arrested\",\"drugs\"],\"image\":[\"https://www.deepdotweb.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/rsz_4380740500000578-0-image-a-1_1503530868985-jpg.jpeg\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"html\"}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "cdd032f5d48f5baea3fed28a5fecef29b339d76d",
  "block": 15265631,
  "trx_in_block": 16,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-07T19:04:51",
  "op": [
    "account_update",
    {
      "account": "arin.fereg",
      "memo_key": "STM6bqo6JvmBcvwkJz7zSNxVQUdmpgzH3taNScd5HtcW5S8tDfZi2",
      "json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"profile_image\":\"http://www.remotecto.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/bitcoin.png\"}}"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "5a5a4a5efd020d17762a8a8b55e952e1afa9e141",
  "block": 15151994,
  "trx_in_block": 15,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-03T20:21:33",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "arin.fereg",
      "author": "eosio",
      "permlink": "the-dawn-of-eos-io",
      "weight": 0
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "77b7f321379a677feb89c6ebbeb3c72cb4bba6e0",
  "block": 15151988,
  "trx_in_block": 17,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-03T20:21:15",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "arin.fereg",
      "author": "teamsteem",
      "permlink": "re-virtualgrowth-re-eosio-the-dawn-of-eos-io-20170903t080315480z",
      "weight": 0
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "b18b67ed538f4fd8ba6961a83c0f2345b6699ce9",
  "block": 15151986,
  "trx_in_block": 29,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-03T20:21:09",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "arin.fereg",
      "author": "teamsteem",
      "permlink": "re-virtualgrowth-re-eosio-the-dawn-of-eos-io-20170903t080315480z",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "9794a5eabb2a5e8a9ff7b68768ed092966277a5b",
  "block": 15151914,
  "trx_in_block": 3,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-03T20:17:33",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "arin.fereg",
      "author": "zedchamaa",
      "permlink": "re-eric-boucher-re-eosio-the-dawn-of-eos-io-20170903t162016924z",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "f32d6876fd532c6c89fe7f792f3c0754c3ffcf43",
  "block": 15151912,
  "trx_in_block": 15,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-03T20:17:27",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "arin.fereg",
      "author": "skyeg3",
      "permlink": "re-eric-boucher-re-eosio-the-dawn-of-eos-io-20170903t063033882z",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "79d0e4d7bab9f0787b637387cd76495c36e555fd",
  "block": 15151906,
  "trx_in_block": 13,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-03T20:17:09",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "arin.fereg",
      "author": "eosio",
      "permlink": "the-dawn-of-eos-io",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "2833bece27ade24f4c0a9f604c2383bb0e98b2d6",
  "block": 15151903,
  "trx_in_block": 17,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-03T20:17:00",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "arin.fereg",
      "author": "eosio",
      "permlink": "the-dawn-of-eos-io",
      "weight": 0
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "0ed4a0c57f2a6089a5f90e47b6644864f5e6624f",
  "block": 15151901,
  "trx_in_block": 22,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-03T20:16:54",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "arin.fereg",
      "author": "eosio",
      "permlink": "the-dawn-of-eos-io",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "891e66ab9d4fcc464c5612d1ae0d8af7f94b2b47",
  "block": 15151898,
  "trx_in_block": 14,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-03T20:16:45",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "arin.fereg",
      "author": "eric-boucher",
      "permlink": "re-eosio-the-dawn-of-eos-io-20170903t060533129z",
      "weight": 0
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "3becfc7e5041079f3fb5906c12138688c80fe473",
  "block": 15151896,
  "trx_in_block": 24,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-03T20:16:39",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "arin.fereg",
      "author": "eric-boucher",
      "permlink": "re-eosio-the-dawn-of-eos-io-20170903t060533129z",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "ce39e0c64164b71faf6240b4d5603da23c160827",
  "block": 15151894,
  "trx_in_block": 33,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-03T20:16:33",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "arin.fereg",
      "author": "full-steem-ahead",
      "permlink": "re-kevinwong-re-eosio-the-dawn-of-eos-io-20170903t172015491z",
      "weight": 0
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "74fe516f07fc0a4fe8b336dbbdd6302719c84394",
  "block": 15151892,
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-03T20:16:27",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "arin.fereg",
      "author": "full-steem-ahead",
      "permlink": "re-kevinwong-re-eosio-the-dawn-of-eos-io-20170903t172015491z",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "979013d41472743e307827c613020dfe130f8964",
  "block": 15151889,
  "trx_in_block": 21,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-03T20:16:18",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "arin.fereg",
      "author": "eosio",
      "permlink": "the-dawn-of-eos-io",
      "weight": 0
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "e0effd2942d6be8d72f8b198ad9c0cd170d21472",
  "block": 15151887,
  "trx_in_block": 9,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-03T20:16:12",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "arin.fereg",
      "author": "eosio",
      "permlink": "the-dawn-of-eos-io",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "cb03f2d2094883916fcaed4a12ac91695a077f23",
  "block": 15151875,
  "trx_in_block": 6,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-03T20:15:36",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "arin.fereg",
      "author": "academix87",
      "permlink": "re-steemcleaners-steemcleaner-report-for-september-1-2017-20170903t200755217z",
      "weight": 0
    }
  ]
}

{
  "trx_id": "2a6f6c4cf25908165d5db19ec9d7b0905e4e5c09",
  "block": 15151872,
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-03T20:15:27",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "arin.fereg",
      "author": "academix87",
      "permlink": "re-steemcleaners-steemcleaner-report-for-september-1-2017-20170903t200755217z",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}